The invention relates to a safety ratchet device for preventing an undesired relative movement of two members movable relative to one another in a lengthwise direction.
Such a safety ratchet device, as known from FR-A-2 143 627, is used for instance in vehicle lifting devices to prevent a lifted vehicle falling downward when a component of the lifting device gives way.
The invention has for its object to provide a safety ratchet device of the type specified above, the construction of which is simple and which requires no maintenance, without this adversely effecting reliable operation, and at the same time being fully fail-safe.
This object is achieved with the safety ratchet device as characterized in claim 1. The ratchet element stands on the support surface and, due to the gravity, automatically "falls" in the slanting position without the necessity of any positively acting member, such as a spring, to achieve this. As furthermore there are no pivots or such which could seize, the device is fully fail-safe during the full lifetime.
The location of the centre of gravity ensures at all times that when the urging means are inoperative the ratchet element tilts into the active position.
A very favourable embodiment is characterized in claim 2. The electromagnet can be coupled simply to a control device which controls the movement of the movable members. No separate control therefore need take place with the attendant risk of failure to place the ratchet element in the active position.
An economically very favourable embodiment is characterized in claim 3. Only a minimal number of workings and components is required to realize the safety ratchet device according to the invention.
With the further developed embodiment of claim 4 the advantage is achieved that fitting can take place in very simple manner. The electromagnet can be released and optionally exchanged with a few hand operations. The step of claim 5 gives additional certainty that the ratchet is held in the active position.
The invention will be further elucidated in the following description with reference to the embodiments shown in the figures.
The vehicle lifting device 20 shown in figure 1 is a so-called two-column lifting device and accordingly comprises two columns 21 and 22 in each of which is received a carriage 25 movable vertically up and downward. The carriages 25 bear on their bottom end arms on which a vehicle can be supported.
The carriages 25 are driven for vertical movement using hydraulic cylinders 23, 24. The cylinders engage directly between the columns 21, 22 and the carriages 25 and are connected such that synchronous operation is ensured.
To prevent undesired downward movement of the carriages 25, for example as a result of a disturbance in the hydraulic system of which the cylinders 21, 22 form part, a safety ratchet device is arranged which is shown in more detail in figure 2.
The ratchet device comprises a stop frame 26 which is fixed to the movable carriage 25. A ratchet element 31 is mounted on the stationary column 21.
The stop frame 26 comprises in this embodiment a series of protruded stop elements 27 defining a slanting front surface and a stop surface 28. The latter lies transversely of the relative movement of direction of the carriage 25 in relation to the column 21.
Instead of the stop frame 26 with protruded stop elements 27 a stop frame with holes could be used, wherein the upper boundaries of the holes form the stop surfaces.
Welded fixedly to the column 21 is a support element 29 which defines on the top side a support surface 30 facing toward the stop surfaces 28.
The ratchet element 31 used in this embodiment rests with its bottom end 39 on the support surface 30. The bottom end 39 is rounded so that it can easily pivot on the support surface 30. The contact area is shifted towards the column, so that the center of gravity of the ratchet element 31 is positioned at the side of the stop surfaces 28 relative to the supporting surface 30.
The ratchet element 31 is held in place by means of a locking element 40 which is screwed to the wall of column 21 by means of a bolt 37. Due to the shoulder of the element 40 the ratchet element 31 cannot move away from the support 29. The opening 41 in ratchet element 31 which co-acts with the locking element 40 has considerably larger dimensions than the locking element 40 so that a very loose closure is obtained. In normal operation there is no or hardly any contact between the locking element 40 and the inner wall of hole 41.
The ratchet element 31 has an upper end surface 32 which can co-act with the stop surfaces 28. This co-action takes place when the ratchet element 31 is pivoted into the slanting active position shown in figure 2. This slanting active position is the rest position. The ratchet element 31 pivots automatically to the right because its centre of gravity as seen in figure 5 lies to the right of the contact point with the support 29. The safety ratchet device is thus normally active and is moved out of the active position by a specific action. The safety ratchet device is therefore fail-safe.
The movement out of the active slanting position shown in figure 2 to the retracted position shown in figure 3 in which the carriage 25 can move freely in relation to the column 21 takes place in this embodiment by means of an electromagnet 33. This latter is mounted simply by means of a bracket 34 and a bolt 35 engaging in a screw threaded hole 36 of the column 21. For the sake of clarity the fastening means 34, 35, 36 are shown in figure 3 rotated upward through 90° relative to figure 2.
The electromagnet 33 has a plunger 42 which is received for free movement in a channel of the electromagnet 33. When electromagnet 33 is energized the plunger 42 is pulled inward, that is, to the left as seen in figure 3.
According to a preferred feature the electromagnet 33 is of the type with a plunger loaded outward, that is, to the right as seen in figure 3, by spring means. This spring loading supports the bias brought about by the force of gravity which will normally hold ratchet element 31 in the slanting active position.
The plunger 42 has a head 43 and a portion 44 located thereunder with a smaller diameter. The ratchet element 31 is, as shown more clearly in figure 4, provided with a keyhole-like gripping opening 45 comprising a wide portion 46 and a slot-like portion 47 connecting thereto. The head of the plunger 42 can be pushed through the wide portion 46 of the opening, whereafter the thinner portion 44 of plunger 42 can be pushed into the slot-like portion 47 of the opening. The dimensioning of plunger 42 and opening 45 is again such that a very broad clearance results.
It will be apparent that due to the keyhole connection the electromagnet 33 can be released and removed very simply and if necessary replaced with a new one when damaged. It will also be apparent that the ratchet device is itself extremely simple in construction and comprises in addition to electromagnet 33 only one moving part, the ratchet element. The mounting of this safety ratchet device is also extremely simple and requires only a few operations.
The operation of the shown preferred embodiment of the ratchet device is electrical and can thus be connected in simple manner to the control of the drive of the lifting device.
The invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments shown in the figures. The urging means for example can also be mechanical or for instance hydraulic means. Nor of course is the application of the safety ratchet device limited to the use shown with a vehicle lifting device. In all situations where it is desired to enable blocking of two organs movable relative to one another in a longitudinal direction the device according to the invention can be used in the one or other embodiment.