This invention relates to packaging machines incorporating conveyor apparatus and particularly to packaging machines used for packaging of products in film wrap. A machine as defined by the features indicated in the preamble of claim 1 is known from US-A-4 313 288.
A commonly used method of packaging items for sale involves wrapping the item in a sheet of film and sealing the film around the item. This method has been commercially employed for the packaging of food items, such as, for example, poultry products. In many industrial horizontal packaging machines, the poultry product is fed into a longitudinally sealed tube formed of the film wrap and then the tube is sealed transversely ahead of and behind the poultry product. This sealing is typically done by thermal or ultrasonic welding techniques using sealing bars.
As wrapping equipment has been made to operate faster, it has become necessary to modify the manner of conveying the poultry product, frequently transported in a tray, in order to maintain firm control of the product during packaging and also during weighing and labelling operations. One means of improving the control comprises the use of vertical conveyor belts placed so as to engage opposite sides of the tray to enhance the synchronization of the product tray motion with the machine motions. See, for example, US-A-5,137,099 with respect to use of vertical control belts in a weighing and labelling operation.
In order to improve the process speed and to maintain reliable film seals, there has been developed a mechanism able to cause the sealing bars which form the transverse seals to travel along with the film, and thus increase the seal cycle time. Such a mechanism is disclosed in JP-A-4,121,444 for Packaging Machine Seal Mechanism and Control by Suga filed April 15, 1992.
In addition to the inherent problems associated with handling trays of poultry at high production speeds, the air within the wrapper is often evacuated so that a minimum of air is available within the wrap. This reduced quantity of air retards the natural degradation of the poultry, thus preserving it in useful condition for a longer time. However, the vacuuming needed to remove the air is powerful and rapid, and tends to pull the poultry toward the vacuum source. Since the most effective time to apply this vacuum is at the last instant before completing sealing of the package, the vacuum attempts to pull the poultry product from the partially sealed package.
In Applicant's copending application entitled "PACKAGING MACHINE WITH CONTROLLABLE LENGTH CONVEYOR" there is provided a conveyor system having a reciprocable frame and suited to use in a packaging machine. The reciprocable frame mounts a horizontal conveyor belt, a pair of vertical control belts, or both, upstream of the sealing mechanism. The belts are normally in continuous rotation. When the frame reciprocates, the length of belt contacting the product lengthens and shortens and in doing so provides an effective means for firmly gripping and conveying the product upstream of the sealing head mechanism and to and through the sealing head mechanism. However, there remains a need for an improved packaging machine having a conveyor belt system capable of firmly gripping and conveying the product downstream from the sealing mechanism.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an improved packaging machine having a conveyor apparatus capable of controlling a product while being transported through the packaging machine particularly when being transported downstream from the sealing mechanism.
The present invention therefore provides a packaging machine comprising the features of claim 1.
The preferred packaging machine of the invention has a novel reciprocating control belt conveyor apparatus operative, in conjunction with horizontal conveyor belts, located respectively upstream and downstream of the machine's sealing mechanism and transverse sealing bars, to grasp and transport a product being wrapped in film. The machine's control belt conveyor system is mounted on a frame which reciprocates downstream of the sealing mechanism in a line parallel to the horizontal conveyor belts. While broadly applicable to both horizontal and vertical belt conveyors, in the preferred form, the control belts incorporated within the conveyor apparatus of the machine of the invention are oriented vertically and are driven by a drive belt or chain from the main machine drive apparatus. The drive belt or chain operates at a selected linear speed so that when the frame carrying the conveyor apparatus incorporated in the machine of the invention reciprocates in the same direction as the direction of movement of the drive belt or chain, the rotating speed of the control belts is zero. This arrangement permits the control belts to be advanced, while being rotated, toward the sealing mechanism to receive a product from the sealing mechanism and then to be moved away from the sealing mechanism, while grasping the product but while not being rotated, to discharge the product. The preferred packaging machine also provides an improved conveyor apparatus to control a product being transported while being packaged and during application of a vacuum to exhaust air from within the package being formed.
The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
The prior art is first reviewed for background. In this regard, Figure 1 shows a prior art film wrapping packaging machine 10, embodying the improvements of the present invention. The film wrapping packaging machine 10 shown has an infeed section conveyor 12, central section conveyor 18 and moving gap output conveyor 24 which are generally mounted so as to be able to operate in a common horizontal plane on machine body 25. Infeed conveyor 12 has a series of push lugs 14 adapted to drive products P. As products P are moved forward, film F is drawn from a supply roll and carried gradually down by a pair of opposed film clamp chains 16 so as to be wrapped tubularly around a series of products P. Clamp chains of this type are illustrated in US-A-4,841,715, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. As film F moves beyond clamp chains 16, the edges of film F are brought together by converging belts 20 to pass between sealing wheels 22 to create a sealed longitudinal seam. The film sealing may be performed either by thermal or other means as are known. The film products P, now enclosed in film tube F' are moved farther along to the moving gap output conveyor 24, configured to accommodate a reciprocating sealing bar mechanism with sealing bars 26a, 26b of the type shown in JP-A-4,121,444, the contents of which, as previously noted, are incorporated herein by reference.
Continuing with further reference to Figure 2, immediately before sealing bars 26a, 26b clamp film tube F', a vacuum is drawn by a vacuum source through a vacuum tube V within film tube F' to remove as much air as possible and thus retard product degradation. Sealing bars 26a, 26b are actuated by linkage 27 and connecting rods 29 which operate as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 to cause sealing bars 26a,26b to clamp transversely across the film tube F' at a point close to the end of central conveyor 18. While clamped together, sealing bars 26a and 26b move in the same direction as central conveyor 18 and product P. When sealing bars 26a, 26b reach the end of their forward travel, they are caused to separate by cam and lever means (not shown) and travel in the opposite direction to return to their starting point and then repeat the process. The travel path of sealing bars 26a, 26b is generally in the direction indicated by elliptical loops 28a,28b, illustrated in Figures 3 and 4. Immediately beyond sealing bars 26a,26b in the forward travel direction are vertically oriented control belts 30 adapted to hold product P firmly as the air is being removed by vacuum from film tube F' and product P is being moved forward during sealing.
What has thus far been described refers to a type of film wrapping poultry packaging machine as known in the art. Therefore, it has only been described with limited detail for background and reference. The description next turns to a more detailed description of an improved film wrapping packaging machine incorporating an improved conveyor apparatus according to the invention.
The principal elements of the film wrapping packaging machine of the invention are best illustrated in simplified and schematic form in Figure 6 without the prior art gap conveyor apparatus and in reference to a machine, used by way of example, from which the product is assumed to exit through exit means E. Reciprocating, horizontally oriented conveyor belt 110 is mounted on and rotates around driving shaft 114 and idler roller 116 which are supported on interconnected reciprocating plates 112,112'. Driving shaft 114 carries shaft pulley 126 which is driven by belt 120. Belt 120 is driven by motor M through driven pulley 122 which is fixed in location, and belt 120 winds around idler pulley 130 which is also fixed. Belt idlers 124, 128 and shaft pulley 126 are all mounted on reciprocating plate 112 so as to move in the directions indicated by arrows 140a, 140b synchronously with conveyor belt 110. Motor M also drives wheel 134 through belt 132, and eccentric arm 136 and link 138, in turn, drive reciprocating plates 112,112' linearly. The drive speeds of belt 120 and plates 112,112' are matched. When conveyor belt 110 reciprocates with plates 112,112' in the direction of arrow 140b, which is the same direction as the motion of drive belt 120 (shown as arrow 142), conveyor belt 110 does not rotate. However, when conveyor belt 110 reciprocates in the direction of arrow 140a, opposite to arrow 142 of belt 120, conveyor belt 110 rotates. This action causes conveyor belt 110 to rotate as it reciprocates toward product P which is being released from machine exit means E and, when conveying product P to move back without rotation. For proper control, frame plates 112,112' do not travel farther than the points at which either idler 124 overlies driven pulley 122 or, alternatively, idler 128 overlies fixed pulley 130.
To summarise the invention as just explained with reference to Figure 6, the preferred packaging machine conveyor apparatus can be said to broadly comprise:
The novel reciprocating conveyor apparatus as just broadly described with reference to Figure 6, is practically utilized in conjunction with a packaging machine having a horizontal gapped conveyor belt in the preferred embodiment, as further schematically illustrated in Figure 7. In this embodiment, conveyor belts 150 are oriented vertically. Gapped conveyor belt 180 runs on rollers in the direction of arrow 184 as gap G reciprocates as shown by arrow 186, thus causing product transport surfaces 180' and 180'' to vary reciprocally in length. The vertical control belts 150 (only one being shown in Figure 7) are rotatably supported on reciprocating plates 152 (only one being shown in Figure 7) are rotatably supported on reciprocating plates 152 (only one being shown in Figure 7) which reciprocate as indicated by arrow 182. Drive belt 160 is wrapped around fixed pulleys 162 and 170, and around pulleys 154, 164 and 168 which are mounted on the illustrated reciprocating plate 152 to move with it. Pulley 154 is connected by shafts and gears (not shown in Figure 7) to drive control belts 150 and operates at a speed selected so that when the reciprocating members move in a direction which is opposite to the direction in which drive belt 180, control belts 150 rotate; and when the reciprocating members move in the same direction as the direction in which the drive belt 180 moves as shown by arrow 184, control belts 150 do not rotate.
To further broaden an understanding of the invention, the preferred packaging machine conveyor apparatus described with reference to Figure 7 can be said to comprise:
Having explained the invention somewhat broadly with reference to the schematic Figures 6 and 7, the packaging machine apparatus of the invention is shown and described in greater detail with reference to Figures 2, 3 and 4 to which reference is next made. As mentioned above, the sealing bars 26a, 26b, typically employing heat to seal, are moved in elliptical paths 28a,28b in synchronization with film tube F' (shown in Figures 3 and 4) which sealing bar movement serves to increase the sealing dwell time, and thus the reliability of the seam created. Gapped conveyor 24 has a split product support surface which is operative in substantially the same plane as the central conveyor support plate 19 (see Figure 2). The gapped portion of conveyor 24, defined by gap rollers a, b, c, d is reciprocated by frame 32 together with sealing bars 26a, 26b. Side plates 50 are attached to and move with frame 32, carrying the mechanism of the invention, including vertical control belts 30, forward and rearward.
Figure 3 shows the sealing bars 26a,26b at the time and location at which they have closed to seal the film tube F' between tray X and tray Y at the start of a sealing cycle. Conveyor gap rollers a, b, c, d, shown in Figure 3 reciprocate in unison at the upstream end of the stroke, with respect to the direction of conveyor travel. At this stage of operation, gap rollers a, b, c, d move in the direction of arrow 34a together with moving linkage 27,29 and sealing bars 26a,26b. The vertically oriented reciprocating control belts 30 are positioned at opposite sides and above the product conveying surface of gapped conveyor 24 with rotatable belt rollers 46 (only one of which is shown in Figures 3 and 4) positioned approximately vertically aligned with the downstream moving gap rollers c,d. Reciprocating control belts 30 simultaneously move in the direction of arrow 34a when moving from the Figure 3 to the Figure 4 position (only one of which is shown in Figures 3 and 4). As is seen in Figures 3 and 4, plate 50, on which the mechanism actuating control belts 30 is mounted, is attached to frame 32 so that the gap rollers a, b, c, d and the control belts 30 reciprocate linearly together.
Figure 4 illustrates sealing bars 26a, 26b and the other reciprocating apparatus at a time later in the cycle depicted. Sealing bars 26a, 26b have completed the sealing part of the cycle and have been separated from film tube F' by reversal of link 27 to move in the upstream direction as shown by return arrow 34b. All the associated components depicted in Figure 4 are also assumed to be similarly moving in the upstream direction.
At all times, film tube F' and product P continue to move in the direction indicated by arrow 33 (Figures 3 and 4). In Figure 3, tray Y is approaching sealing bars 26a, 26b. Figure 4 shows tray Y moving past sealing bars 26a, 26b and seal film tube F' being sealed ahead of tray Z. It is to be noted that, with regard to the components illustrated in Figure 3, control belts 30 are being moved linearly in the same direction as the direction in which film tube F' and product P are moving. In Figure 4, control belts 30 are being moved linearly in the opposite direction from the direction in which film tube F' and product P are moving. Thus, the reciprocating linear motion of control belts 30 in one direction is equalised by the rotating motion of control belts 30 about belt rollers 46, 48, as described above.
Treating the frame 50,50' which supports the vertical belt conveyors as a "first reciprocable frame", the gap conveyor frame 32 as a "second reciprocable frame", and conveyor belt 24 as a "second belt conveyor", it can be seen from what has thus far been further described in reference to Figures 2, 3 and 4 that the preferred packaging machine conveyor apparatus of the invention further comprises:
Continuing the more detailed description and as seen in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5, cross shaft 38 is driven by drive belt 36. Belt 36 is, in turn, driven by drive pulley 66 and passes over idler pulley 64 both of which are fixedly mounted on arms 70 and machine body 25. Belt 36 also winds around idler pulley 60, shaft pulley 40 and idler pulley 62, all of which reciprocate in unison. With drive pulley 66 and idler pulley 64 both fixed, and shaft pulley 40 and idler pulleys 60 and 62 all reciprocating with plate 50, the upper loop of belt 36, defined by pulleys 60, 40, 62, reciprocates horizontally. In addition, as plate 50 and cross shaft 38 move in the direction of arrow 34a (Figure 3), similar to the direction 33 of product P, the linear speed of belt 36 coordinates with the speed of plates 50 so that reciprocating control belts 30 are not rotating about the control belt drive rollers 46 and 48. When plate 50 and cross shaft 38 move in the direction of arrow 34b, opposite to arrow 33 of product P, the linear speed of belt 36 added to the rotation of shaft pulley 40 causes reciprocating control belts 30 to revolve at a speed equal to twice the linear speed of product P such that reciprocating control belts 30 overtake and surround product P on this upstream reciprocative stroke.
The drive mechanism for control belts 30 is shown in top plan view in Figure 5. Cross shaft 38 passes through reciprocating plate 50 to terminate at opposite reciprocating plate 50'. Plates 50,50' are also connected by threaded shaft 56 which has opposite left and right threaded portions 58a,58b so that rotation of crank disk 52 by crank knob 54 causes laterally adjustable plates 51,51' to move toward or away from each other, thus decreasing or increasing the space between control belts 30.
Cross shaft 38 has a linear key or spline portion 68a, 68b at either end so that as plates 51,51' move, horizontal bevel gears 44a, 44b, meshed with vertical based gears 42a, 52b mounted thereon maintain driving engagement with cross shaft 38. Horizontal bevel gears 44a, 44b respectively mate with vertical bevel gears 42a, 42b to drive rollers 46a, 46b and control belts 30 by interengaged spur gears or chain drive means 49a, 49b as illustrated.
In summary, it can be seen that the packaging machine of the invention provides a much needed and useful conveying apparatus for ensuring that a product passing from the sealing mechanism of a film wrapping packaging machine is firmly gripped. Thus, proper registry and minimum air retention within the package are assured.