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(11) | EP 0 641 852 A2 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | A process for removing iron impurities from petroleum oil distillation residues |
| (57) A process for removing iron impurities, inter alia iron or iron compounds, from petroleum
oil distillation residues is disclosed in which a high gradient magnetic separator
incorporates a pack of ferromagnetic fillers in the form of a generally flat or curved
sheet-like strip. The ferromagnetic filler is a Fe-Cr alloy of a selected composition
and the strip is of selected geometric characteristics such that the rate of removal
of iron impurities can be maintained substantially at a maximum throughout the separation
mode of operation prior to and after washing of the ferromagnetic filler. |
[0001] This invention relates to a process for removing iron impurities from petroleum distillation residues or heavy oils. More specifically, the invention is directed to such a process in which petroleum heavy oils are magnetically treated to remove iron contents therefrom.
[0002] As has been commonly practiced in the art of petroleum refining, residual oils resulting from atmospheric or vacuum distillation of a crude petroleum oil are subjected to hydrogenative treatment with use of a fixed-bed catalyst under elevated temperature and pressure conditions so as to obtain a variety of petroleum products or starting feedstocks for chemical processing.
[0003] In most cases, such residual oils contain considerable proportions of particulate iron or iron compounds, typically sulfides, of the order of 0.1 - 100 microns which emanate during the transport of a crude oil from a shipping tanker through a storage tank and delivery pipe lines to a distillation plant, or which result from corrosion or wear of such distillation plant equipment. Such iron impurities often accumulated to the order of 10 - 100 wt.ppm would tend to deposit on a catalyst bed or in between individual catalyst particles, resulting in plugged up reactor or deteriorated catalyst. Plugged up reactor would often lead to objectionably increased pressure drop to a point where the plant operation has to be discontinued.
[0004] In U. S. Patent No. 4,836,914 and Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 62-54790 there is disclosed the use of a high gradient magnetic separator equipped with ferromagnetic fillers for removing iron impurities from heavy oils far more efficiently compared to centrifugal separators. However, the magnetic separation process has a drawback in that on account of literal limitations to the amount of iron impurities that can be deposited on the ferromagnetic fillers, it would require a repeated cycle of alternate energization and deenergization of the ferromagnetic material when handling huge amounts of heavy residual oil to be treated. The more frequent the cycle, the less is the rate of removal of iron impurities.
[0005] With the foregoing drawback of the prior art in view, the present invention seeks to provide a process for magnetically removing objectionable iron impurities typically from petroleum oil distillation residues which will ensure sustained efficiency and efficacy of removal of such iron impurities regardless of the number of cycles of magnetic energization required for the accumulation of and deenergization for the wash-down of iron impurities.
[0006] It has now been found that the above objective of the invention can be achieved by the selection of a particular material for and a particular configuration of ferromagnetic metal strips to be filled in a high gradient magnetic separator.
[0007] According to the invention, there is provided a process for removing iron impurities from petroleum oil distillation residues which comprises contacting the distillation residues with a ferromagnetic filler which is formed from an iron-chrome alloy consisting predominantly of iron, 5 - 25 percent by weight of chrome, 0,5 - 2 percent by weight of silicone, less than 2 percent by weight of carbon into a sheet-like strip having a varied thickness distribution and two different surface areas, the larger area of which being equal to an area of a true circle of a diameter (R) in the range of 0.1 - 4 mm, and the ratio of said diameter (R) to the maximum thickness (d) of said strip being in the range of 2 - 20.
Fig. 1 is a graph illustrating the contents of chrome in the iron-chrome alloy plotted against the magnetic susceptibility;
Fig. 2a is a plan view of a relatively flat sheet-like ferromagnetic metal strips;
Fig. 2b is a cross-sectional view of the same;
Fig. 3a is a plan view of a curved sheet-like ferromagnetic metal strip; and
Fig. 3b is a cross-sectional view of the same.
[0008] The term petroleum oil distillation residue or residual oil as used herein designates atmospheric or vacuum distillation residual oils of a petroleum crude oil, mixtures or deasphalted products thereof. Such distillation residual oils are prone to capture fine particles of iron or iron compounds such as iron sulfides or iron oxides during transport or storage which tend to concentrate even as high as to about 10 - 100 ppm and which range in paticular size from 0.1 to 100 microns, predominantly less than 20 microns.
[0009] A high gradient magnetic separator or otherwise called a magnetic filter is largely classfied into a ferromagnet type using an excitation coil for energizing a ferromagnatic metal strip filler and a permanent magnetic type. Both types of magnetic separator can be used in the invention.
[0010] One important aspect of the present invention resides in the use of an iron-chrome (Fe-Cr) alloy for the ferromagnetic metal strip, the alloy consisting predominantly of iron, 5 - 25 wt.% preferably 8 - 20 wt.% of chrome, 0.5 - 2 wt.% of silicone and less than 2 wt.% of carbon.
[0011] The Fe-Cr alloy has its merit in low cost, mouldability, good corrosion and wear resistance and high magnetic susceptibility, thus finding satisfactory application as a ferromagnetic filler material for high gradient magnetic separator. The alloy exhibits a magnetic susceptibility which is generally higher the lower the chrome contents but which does not appreciably vary beyond 8 wt.% downwards as depicted in Fig. 1. On the other hand, too small chrome contents would lead to reduced mouldability and resistance to corrosion and wear. It has now been found that chrome contents in the range of 5 - 25 wt.% are most preferred in maintaining the best of these chracteristics for the Fe-Cr alloy.
[0012] Silicone contents as specified to be in the range of 0.5 - 2 wt.% are conducive to improved viscosity and oxidation resistance of the Fe-Cr alloy.
[0013] Carbon contents held to less than 2 wt.%, preferably 0.01 - 1 wt.%, are conducive to improved hardness and wear resistance of the Fe-Cr alloy.
[0014] Iron contents constituting a major portion of the Fe-Cr alloy should be preferably in the range of 71 - 94 wt.%, more preferably 75 - 90 wt.%,
[0015] The Fe-Cr alloy according to the invention may further contain optionally Mn, Ni, Cu, Nb, Ti and Zr singly or in combination.
[0016] According to another important aspect of the invention, the ferromagnetic metal strip of the above composition is embodied in the form of a relatively flat or curved sheet-like body having two different surfaces of varied thickness, one of which surface is larger and equal in area to an area of a true circle having a diameter R = 0.1 - 4 mm, preferably 0.1 - 4mm, the ratio of diameter R to maximum thickness d of the strip being R/d in the range of 2 - 20, preferably 5 - 20.
[0017] The ferromagnetic metal strip has ridges and grooves which are arbitrarily discrete over its front and reverse sides. Fig. 2b examplarily illustrates a strip in the form of a relatively generally flat sheet-like body as viewed in cross section. Fig. 3b illustrates a strip cross-sectionally in the form of a curved or spherical sheet-like body. The strip has such a plan configuration as is optionally circular, oval, arcuate, rectangular, star-like, petal-like and so on.
[0018] The magnetic separation process of the invention is applicable to the treatment of a petroleum-based heavy oil such as atmospheric or vacuum distillation residual oil containing more than 5 ppm iron impurities which may be pretreated for deasphalting. The heavy oil under consideration may further contain other impurities such as nickel, vanadium, sulfur, nitrogen or asphaltene.
[0019] Optimum operating parameters for the high gradient magnetic separator may be chosen depending upon magnetic field strength, oil linear velocity and oil temperature. The strength of magnetic fields to be generated around the ferromagnetic filler ranges generally from 500 to 25,000, preferably from 1,000 to 10,000, more preferably from 2,000 to 6,000 gausses. The field strength remains zero gauss when the separator is in the wash-down mode of operation.
[0020] The temperature of the oil or washing liquid to be introduced into the magnetic separator should be usually in the range of from room temperature to 400°C, preferably 150°C - 350°C during the separation mode of operation and in the range of from room temperature to 350°C, preferably 100°C - 250°C during the wash-down mode of operation. To maintain proper treatment temperature, there may be provided a suitable cooling or heating means.
[0021] The oil linear velocity referred to herein designates a linear velocity of oil or washing liquid passing through the zone of the separator which is packed with the ferromagnetic metal strips. The velocity for the separation mode is usually in the range of 0.1 - 50 cm/sec., preferably 1.0 - 5 cm/sec. and should be held less the lower the rate of magnetization of, or the smaller the particle size of iron impurities to be separated. The velocity for the wash-down mode is in the range of 0.1 - 50 cm/sec., preferably 1 - 10 cm/sec.
[0022] The washing liquid to be used in the invention may be chosen form a variety of petroleum-based mineral oils such as atmospheric or vacuum distillation residual oil, hydrogenates thereof, or distillation residues of such hydrogenates. Washing time length ranges usually from 1 minute to 6 hours, preferably from 1 to 30 minutes. The washing liquid should preferably be directed upwardly toward and through the zone of the ferromagnetic metal strip pack so that the strips are held in a fluid state under agitation.
Inventive Examples 1 & 2 and Comparative Example 1
[0024] The ferromagnetic fillers used in the respective examples are identified in Table 1 below.
Table 1
| Configuration | Chemical Composition wt.% | ||||
| Fe | Cr | Si | C | ||
| Inventive Example 1 | Curved sheet-like metal strip | 87 | 11 | 1.3 | 0.08 |
| Inventive Example 2 | Curved sheet-like metal strip | 80 | 18 | 0.7 | 0.08 |
| Comparative Example 1 | Expanded metal | 80 | 18 | 0.7 | - |
[0025] The curved sheet-like metal strip (Figs. 3a & 3b) used in Inventive Examples 1 and 2 had a maximum thickness d of 0.2 mm and an area of its larger surface equal to an area of a circle having a diameter R of 3 mm, hence R/d = 15.
[0026] A feedstock oil, i.e. a petroleum vacuum residual oil containing 30 ppm of iron impurities was treated with the use of a high gradient electromagnetic separator "FEROSEP" (registered trademark) under the following conditions:
Strength of magnetic field: 3.0 killogausses
Linear velocity: 2.5 cm/sec.
Temperature: 250°C
[0027] The rate of separation or removal of iron impurities was approximately 60% at an initial stage of the separation mode of operation but declined to about 40% after a lapse of 4 hours, whereupon the supply of the feedstock oil was discontinued. The ferromagnetic filler was then washed under the following conditions:
| Linear velocity of washing liquid | : 2.0 cm/sec. |
| Temperature of washing liquid | : 150°C |
| Time length of washing | : 10 minutes |
[0028] The separation mode of operation of the separator was resumed with the thus cleaned ferromagnetic filler.
[0029] The ratio of removal of iron impurities from the feedstock oil was observed as indicated in Table 2 below.
Table 2
| Rate of Iron Removal at Initial Separation Cycle | Rate of Iron Removal at Next Separation Cycle | |
| Inventive Example 1 | 68 wt.% | 68 wt.% |
| Inventive Example 2 | 63 wt.% | 63 wt.% |
| Comparative Example 1 | 60 wt.% | 57 wt.% |
[0030] A comparison between the ferromagnetic filler of Inventive Example 2 and that of Comparative Example 1 shows that despite both fillers being of the same composition, the inventive filler of the specified geometric characteristics excels the comparative filler in the rate of removal of iron impurities both at the initial and the ensueing stage of the magnetic treatment of the same feedstock oil.
1. A process for removing iron impurities from petroleum oil distillation residues which
comprises contacting the distillation residues with a ferromagnetic filler characterized
in that said ferromagnetic filler is formed from an iron-chrome alloy consisting predominantly
of iron, 5 - 25 percent by weight of chrome, 0.5 - 2 percent by weight of silicone,
and less than 2 percent by weight of carbon, into a sheet-like strip having a varied
thickness distribution and two different surface areas, the larger area of which being
equal to an area of a true circle of a diameter (R) in the range of 0.1 - 4 mm, and
the ratio of said diameter (R) to the maximum thickness (d) of said strip being in
the range of 2 - 20.
2. A process according to claim 1 characterized in that the contents of iron in said
alloy are in the range of 71 - 94 wt.%.
3. A process according to claim 1 characterized in that said sheet-like strip is cross-sectionally
generally flat.
4. A process according to claim 1 characterized in that said sheet-like strip is cross-sectionally
curved.
5. A process according to claim 1 characterized in that said ferromagnetic filler contains
at least one metal of the group of Mn, Ni, Cu, Nb, Ti and Zr.
6. A process for removing iron impurities from petroleum oil distillation residues which
comprises passing the distillation residues at a linear velocity of 0.1 - 50 cm/sec.
and preferably at 150° - 350°C through a pack of ferromagnetic fillers energized to
a magnetic field strength of 500 - 25,000 gausses, said fillers being formed from
an iron-chrome alloy consisting predominantly of iron, 5 - 25 percent by weight of
chrome, 0.5 - 2 percent by weight of silicone, and less than 2 percent by weight of
carbon into a sheet-like strip having a varied thickness distribution and two different
surface areas, the larger area of which being equal to an area of a true circle of
a diameter (R) in the range 0.1 - 4 mm and the ratio of said diameter (R) to the maximum
thickness (d) of said strip being in the range of 2 - 20, washing said pack of ferromagnetic
fillers to regain normal impurities removal capacilities, and resuming the passage
of said distillation residues through said pack of ferromagnetic fillers.