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(11) | EP 0 644 472 A2 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | Method for prediction of performance of a centrifugal pump with a thrust balance mechanism |
| (57) The invention provides a method for prediction of performance of a centrifugal pump
with a balance mechanism comprising the steps of assuming leakage amounts in a back
of an impeller and a thrust balance mechanism to calculate a flow-rate of the impeller
for analyzing a leakage amounts of a front and a back of the impeller (steps 2, 3,
4 and 5), calculating a leakage amount in the thrust balance mechanism for judging
whether or not a result of the calculation converges (steps 8 and 9), if the result
does not converge (step 9), repeating the steps from the analysis of the flow in the
thrust balance mechanism (step 7) to the calculation of the leakage amount in the
thrust balance mechanism (step 8), if the result converges (step 9), calculating a
leakage amount in the pump (step 10), if a result of the calculation does not converge
(step 11), repeating the steps from the calculation of the flow-rate in the impeller
(step 3) up to the convergence (step 11). |
[0001] This invention relates to a method for prediction of performance of a centrifugal pump, and more particularly to a method for accurate prediction of performance of a centrifugal pump with a thrust balance mechanism by use of a quasi-three- dimensional flow analysis.
[0002] A multistage centrifugal pump with an inducer has widely been used for transporting some dangerous liquids such as LPG, LNG, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. Since a reliability and a safety of this pump depends on an axial thrust balance and a leakage seal, it is essential to use the axial thrust mechanism for a dip-type pump or a scanned motor pump and otherwise use a complicated shaft seal gear.
[0003] Since it is difficult to use the above dangerous liquid for a performance test of this pump, a substitute liquid is generally used and an actual pump performance is decided by use of a performance conversion chart. Generally, the pump performance indicated by a nondimentional amount is identical among all kinds of liquids except for influence of viscousness thereof.
[0004] For instance, a formula proposed by Moody, Hutton and Ackeret has already been widely used as an extended formula for the influence of the viscosity in a turbine.
[0005] In Japan, for the turbine, JSME standard S-008 issued on 1989 gives more accurate performance conversions in view of the theory.
[0006] In a conventional performance prediction analysis of the centrifugal pump, various loses being obtainable by the one dimensional analysis are subtracted from a theoretical pump head to analyze the performance of an impeller. Further, in an analysis of a balance mechanism such as inside flow, it is assumed that a fluid between a rotary wall and a stilling wall shows a forced vortex motion at a half of a velocity of the rotary wall to analyze a friction power and the axial thrust.
[0007] In this kind of the pump, however, there is less available data to compare a model test with an actual performance. Thus, it is difficult to evaluate an accuracy of the performance conversion.
[0008] The conventional prediction analysis is engaged with disadvantage as mentioned below. Due to the one dimensional analysis, it is difficult to accurately analyze a flow of the treating liquid inside the impeller. Thus, there is a large difference between a predictability and an ability at the observation at non-design point, particularly in a low flow-rate region, even it is possible to predict the same at a near design point. Further, it is difficult to have an accurate grasp of the flow or inertial flow of the treating liquid in the balance mechanism. This provides a difficulty in evaluating variations of the axial thrust and the leakage characteristics on the basis of variations of a clearance and the viscosity of the fluid can not accurately be evaluated.
[0009] Further, it is difficult to conduct simultaneous analysis of the impeller and the balance mechanism, both of which are associated with each other for decision of an operating point or a position of the thrust.
[0010] Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a novel method for prediction of performance of centrifugal pump a with thrust balance mechanism to analyze an inside flow of a treating liquid in an impeller in a quasi-three-dimensional flow. A reverse flow of the treating liquid near an impeller inlet occurring in a low flow-rate region is modeled for consideration in the quasi-three-dimension. Flows of the treating liquid near a back of the impeller and the thrust balance mechanism are totally analyzed in cooperation with a two-dimensional viscous analysis using momentum equations and a total performance of a low specific speed multistage pump is compared with a measured data to accurately predict over all flow-rate regions.
[0011] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following descriptions.
[0012] In accordance with the invention, there is provided a method for prediction of performance of a centrifugal pump with a balance mechanism comprising the steps of, inputting data of pump dimensions, a flow-rate, a rate of revolution in operation and liquid characteristics into an analyzer, assuming leakage amounts in a back of an impeller and a balance mechanism to calculate a flow-rate of the impeller for carrying out a prediction of performances in pressure and speed, analyzing both leakage amounts in front and back of the impeller and a flow in a static channel for subsequent analysis of a flow of the thrust balance mechanism, calculating a leakage amount in the thrust balance mechanism for judging whether or not a result of the calculation converges, if the result does not converge, repeating the steps from the analysis of the flow in the thrust balance mechanism to the calculation of the leakage amount in the thrust balance mechanism, if the result converges, calculating a leakage amount in the pump, if a result of the calculation does not converge, repeating the steps from the calculation of the flow-rate in the impeller up to the convergence for analyzing an inside flow of the impeller as a quasi-three-dimensional potential flow and modeling a reverse flow of a impeller inlet occurring in a low flow-rate to take account at a quasi-three-dimension and predicting performances of flows in the back of the impeller and the thrust balance mechanism by a total analysis combined with a two-dimensional viscous analysis by using a momentum equation.
[0013] In this case, the discharge of the impeller is defined by
where k, ε₂ and ηv are the slip factor, the shrinkage ratio of the impeller channel due to the blade thickness and a volume efficiency respectively, ξf is the friction loss and ξs is the shock loss respectively.
[0014] Further, the leakage amount of the pump is defined by
where η is the total efficiency, ηh is the hydraulic efficiency, ηv is the volume efficiency, ηm is the mechanical efficiency, Q is the flow-rate in a suction portion of the pump, ΔQimp,p is the leakage of the front of a shroud clearance in the main impeller, ΔQmotor is the leakage passing through the balance mechanism and the motor, (Q-ΔQmotor) is the discharge amount and Lf is a disk friction power including a power due to a reverse flow in the impeller inlet.
[0015] According to the invention, an inside flow of an impeller is analyzed as a quasi-three-dimensional flow and a reverse flow in an impeller inlet occurring in a low flow-rate region is modeled to take account at a quasi-three-dimension, flows in a back of the impeller and the thrust balance mechanism are totally analyzed by combining a two-dimensional viscous analysis using a momentum equation and a total performance of a low specific speed multistage pump is compared with a measured data to accurately predict the pump performance over all flow-rate regions.
[0016] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will hereinafter fully be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0017] Fig. 1 is a flow diagram showing a computational procedure in an embodiment according to the invention.
[0018] Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view showing a type A pump in an embodiment according to the invention.
[0019] Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view showing a type B pump in an embodiment according to the invention.
[0020] Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view showing a type C pump in an embodiment according to the invention.
[0021] Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view showing a thrust balance mechanism in an embodiment according to the invention.
[0022] Fig. 6 is a graph showing a performance curve with respect to a type A pump in an embodiment of the invention.
[0023] Fig. 7 is a graph showing a performance curve with respect to a type B pump in an embodiment of the invention.
[0024] Fig. 8 is a graph showing a predicted performance curve with respect to a type A pump in an embodiment of the invention.
[0025] Fig. 9 is a graph showing a performance curve of a thrust balance with respect to a type A pump in an embodiment of the invention.
[0026] A method for prediction of performance of a centrifugal pump with a thrust balance mechanism in an embodiment according to the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A performance prediction over the total flow-rate region
[0027] An analysis technique for performance prediction of a centrifugal pump which takes account of a reverse flow in an inlet and an outlet of an impeller falls into an one-dimensional detriment analysis of an impeller flow by using results of a quasi-three-dimensional potential flow analysis and an analysis of an impeller outlet flow in a vaneless diffuser channel.
[0028] The method for prediction of the performance deals with an impeller loss which consists of a shock loss and friction loss defined by use of a result of the quasi-three-dimensional analysis, in which a flow separation and a loss induced by two order flow in the impeller channel is shown as a mixing loss in the impeller outlet. This method gives a pressure being higher than that of a pressure of the conventional method in the impeller outlet and the result of the prediction coincides with that of the observation.
[0029] A head coefficient Ψ and an outlet pressure P of the main impeller are shown in the form of nondimensional amount and defined by
where k, ε₂ and ηv are the slip factor, the shrinkage ratio of the impeller channel due to the blade thickness and the volume efficiency respectively. ξf and ξs are also defined by the following equations.
[0030] The shock loss ξs (=ϑis) is defined by
where ξis defined as follows.
Further, the friction loss ξf (=ϑif) is defined the following equation (28-31 MAY 1989, BEIJING 89 SYMPOSIUM-IAHR.
Accordingly, the flow characteristics in a vaneless diffuser channel from the impeller outlet to the diffuser vane inlet is decided by the analysis of the viscous flow analysis on the basis of a boundary layer theory.
[0031] A velocity change along with the streamline of this region is given by an analytical equation, thus deciding the pressure in accordance with balancing a pressure gradient with a centrifugal force in the direction of a radius, i.e.
.
[0032] It is worthy of notice that the friction loss from the impeller outlet to the diffuser inlet to be considerably large due to a high peripheral velocity of a low specific speed impeller.
[0033] A fluid loss in the diffuser vane channel consists of a shock loss, a friction loss and a deceleration loss and the above fluid loss can be estimated by the conventional method.
[0034] It is difficult to predict the performance of an inducer, because there are not enough data reported and the flow separation and the large two-order flow are observed except for the design point region.
[0035] In the multistage pump, the head of the inducer is not so larger than that of the impeller, thus the fluid loss can be estimated by adoption of a cascade theory to assume that a stream surface is the two-order.
[0036] A drag coefficient CD against a profile which is thin and a small warp and a deflection angle at the outlet in the inducer is estimated with reference to the NACA cascade data.
A flow analysis in a thrust balance mechanism
[0037] The inventor made clear about a behavior of the axial thrust and the leakage of the impeller having a percolation in direction of the radius, thus found out that a calculating accuracy of the thrust mainly depends on the flow-rate of the leakage which is disclosed in "STUDY ON AXIAL THRUST OF RADIAL FLOW TURBOMACHINERY" in the second international JSME symposium fluid machinery and fluidics, Tokyo, september, 1972 and "FLOW IN A NARROW GAP ALONG AN ENCLOSED ROTATING DISK WITH THROUGH-FLOW" in JSME international journal series II, Vol. 31, No. 2, 1988.
[0038] Since the axial thrust is raised up by the pressure affecting the rotating parts of the machinery, the axial thrust consist of the analysis of a flow in a clearance between the rotary wall and the stilling wall and the decision of a boundary amount.
[0039] Generally, the clearance flow has two types, one of which is the axial direction clearance flow between rotating disk such as the back shroud of the impeller and the stilling side and another of which is the ring clearance flow such as the ring seal. The analysis of the clearance flow and the decision of the boundary amount were reported in "AXIAL THRUST ANALYSIS IN LOX-PUMP" in AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE 27th joint propulsion conference June 24-26, 1991/Sacramento, CA.
The computational procedure
[0040] In the prediction of the impeller performance, when the flow-rate is extremely scarce, the leakage in the clearances in front and behind of the impeller shroud are largely varied by the clearance Sd of the balance disk. The clearance Sd is decided from the balance of the force affecting all rotating parts.
[0041] Pressure distributions in the clearances between the balance mechanism and the front and behind of the impeller are decided as a primary approximation to decide the extremely precise pump performance and leakage asymptotically.
[0042] The inertial leakage of the impeller is analyzed as the quasi-three-dimensional potential flow and the reverse flow in the impeller inlet which occurs in a small flow-rate region is modeled to be taken account by the quasi-three-dimensional analysis.
[0043] The two-dimensional viscous analysis using a momentum equation, etc., are combined to be established a composite analysis for a high accuracy prediction of the pumps performance.
[0045] In the step 1, a data of dimension of a pump, a flow-rate, an operating speed of revolution and liquid characteristics are given.
[0046] In the step 2, leakage amounts in the back of the impeller and the balance mechanism are assumed. The flow-rate of the impeller is calculated in the step 3. In the step 4, the impeller performances in the pressure and speed are predicted according to the above calculation.
[0047] In the step 5, a leakage amount in front and behind of the impeller is analyzed. In the step 6, a static channel is analyzed. In the step 7, a balance mechanism flow is calculated. In the step 8, it is judged whether or not the result of the calculation converges. When it does not converge, the steps 7 to 8 are repeated. On the other hand, when it converges, a pomp leakage is calculated in the step 10. Otherwise, the steps 3 to 10 are repeated until it converges.
[0048] Three types of the pump for transporting LPG and LNG, for which the performance examination was carried out, will be described with reference to drawings.
[0049] Fig. 2 shows a type A pump having specific speed Ns of 143 (m,m³/min, rpm), a main impeller entrance radius r₁ of 60 mm, an exit radius r₂ of 162 mm, a main impeller entrance angle β₁ of 26° and an exit angle β₂ of 22° and β₃ of 8°.
[0050] The type A pump comprises a inducer 10, an impeller 12, a balance disk 14, a balance piston 16, a motor rotor 18, a stator 20, a shaft end orifice 22 and a casing orifice 24.
[0051] A liquid passed through the inducer 10 having four blades as shown in left side of Fig. 2 is flowed in the main impeller at two stage, passed through six pipes provided for surrounding the motor 6 to discharge it from a delivery pipe in right side of Fig. 2.
[0052] Fig. 3 shows a type B pump having specific speed Ns of 141 (m,m³/min, rpm), a main impeller entrance radius r₁ of 57 mm, an exit radius r₂ of 43 mm, a main impeller entrance angle β₁ of 27° and an exit angle β₂ of 22° and β₃ of 4°.
[0053] The pump shown in Fig. 3 is two stages or six stages multistage pump, in which an inducer 26 is provided onto a left side entrance of the pump as same as the type A pump, a large number of main impellers 28 are provided in the rear of the inducer 26, a balance disk 30 is provided in the left side of a revolving shaft of the pump and a balance piston 32 is provided to be adjacent to the rear of the balance disk 30.
[0054] Fig. 4 shows a type C pump which is two stage pump, having specific speed Ns of 247 (m,m³/min, rpm), a main impeller entrance radius r₁ of 58 mm, an exit radius r₂ of 136 mm, a main impeller entrance angle β₁ of the first stage of 27°, an exit angle β₂ of 16° and an impeller entrance angle β₁ of the second stage of 28°, an exit angle β₂ of 22° and β₃ of 10°, in which each stage is provided with the impeller having a different blade angle.
[0055] In Fig. 4, the type C pump comprises an inducer 34, a main impeller 36, a balance disk 38, a balance piston 40 and a motor 42.
[0056] Fig. 5 shows an enlarged sectional view of the thrust balance mechanism. The thrust balance mechanism comprises a balance disk 44 and a balance piston 46, in which rotating parts including the balance disk 44 and the balance piston 46 can be moved in the direction of axis.
[0057] In an automatic balance mechanism, the clearance Sd of the balance disk 38 is adjusted to perform an important part at which the axial thrust is balanced.
[0058] In the final step, a part of liquid in the impeller flows into a balance drum passing through the balance piston 46 and the balance disk 44 to form a leakage flow from the motor rotor chamber and the casing orifice to a liquid tank or outside of the pump.
[0059] For lubrication of the back bearing, the type A pump is provided with another channel from the delivery pipe of the right side via the axial end orifice and the motor chamber to the casing orifice.
[0060] In the type B pump, the leakage in the motor chamber is fed back to the exit of the first step via a return tube as shown in Fig. 3 and in the type C pump, the leakage in the motor chamber is fed back to the suction opening.
[0062] The characteristics of these liquid are shown in Fig. 6 and the Reynolds number according to the peripheral speed and the radius of the impeller is 7 × 10⁶ to 4 × 10⁷.
A comparison of theory with measured data
[0063] A prediction curves of the head, the axial thrust and the efficiency is compared with the measured data in Fig. 6, 7 and 8, respectively, in which they include the performances of the inducer, the main impeller, the diffuser with the vane, the return channel and delivery pipe.
[0064] The prediction curve corresponds to the measured data in the wide flow-rate range as well as in the around of the design point. Most of a power at a shutoff point depends on the reverse flow at the entrance of the impeller, thus it is further difficult to theoretically predict it. Accordingly, the following equation is used for a shutoff power coefficient τs with reference to Stepanoff's equation and the power according to the reverse flow of the entrance is shown by the second order equation reducing up to 0 at the design flow-rate.
In Figs. 6, 7 and 8, the measurement is carried out about LPG, LNG, LN₂ and water, as a result of the measurement, their Reynolds numbers are almost equal thereto and the measured performance of the pumps is nearly equal except for the type B pump shown in Fig. 7. It is, however, recognized that the measured data has a difference depending on the liquid to be used. A shaft power is decided to use an efficient curve of the motor in accordance with the input current and voltage of the motor, thus possibility according to a difficult calibration of a dipping former motor remains.
[0065] Although the type B pump as shown in Fig. 7 is a motor having six stages, measurement by use of water was carried out for two stage pumps. In this case, although the Reynolds number of the six stage pump used, measurement by use of water was carried out for two stage pumps. As a result of the measurement, the Reynolds number is approximately one-fifth as compared with that of the six stages in LN₂ and LPG tests.
[0066] In case of the two stage pump, the contribution of the inducer performance to the whole performance of the pump is relatively large. Thus the negative head curve of the inducer becomes large.
[0067] There is small error between the measured head curve and the prediction amount. The inducer is provided with a particular large angle at the side of a boss, so that the reason of the above error is cause of difficulty of prediction for the head of the inducer in the low flow-rate.
[0068] Three efficient consist of the total effectiveness η, i.e. the hydraulic efficiency ηh, the volume efficiency ηv and the mechanical efficiency ηm, are predicted thereby the reason for a low efficiency of low specific speed pump is made clear.
[0069] In case of the conventional multistage pump with the inducer and the balance mechanism, there is no definition of those efficiencies. Thus those are defined as follows.
In the above equations, Q is the flow-rate in the pump suction portion, ΔQimp.p is the leakage in the front shroud clearance of the main impeller, ΔQmotor is the leakage passed through the balance and the motor and a discharge is given by (Q-ΔQmotor). The back shroud of the main impeller is taken account when the diffuser vane performance is predicted.
[0070] Lf is a disk friction power including a power according to a reverse of the entrance of the impeller.
[0071] Fig. 8 shows a prediction efficiency of the type A pump. There are some leakage flows passing through the clearance of the around impeller and the balance mechanism. Thus the volume efficiency of the pump is different from that of the impeller. Accordingly, the prediction efficiency of the type A pump is shown in Fig. 9 simultaneously with comparison with the normal single stage pump. Fig. 9 teaches that the volume efficiency is high as compared with that of normal pump and the mechanical efficiency is low on account of high power which is consumed by rotating parts of the balance mechanism.
The influence of the viscous in the pump performance
[0073] In the type A pump, the Reynolds number is varied in the range from 5 × 10⁵ to 5 × 10⁸ for making the influence of the viscous clear and the prediction calculation is carried out. As a result of the calculation, it is recognized that the total efficiency is conspicuously increased depending on changing the Reynolds number, because this is chiefly due to lowering of the shaft power.
[0074] Generally, it is expected that the head coefficient is increased by reduction of the friction of the wall if the Reynolds number is increased. Although the friction loss coefficients of the impeller and the diffuser channel are actually decreased as expected, the friction loss of the wall between the exit of the impeller and the entrance of the diffuser are increased. Since an absolute velocity of those portions is particularly large in the low specific speed pump, the friction loss coefficient of those portions occupies the greater part of the total fluid loss.
[0075] According to the theory, a thickness of a boundary layer is decreased by increasing of the Reynolds number, thus the friction loss coefficient is conspicuously increased by an influence of a roughness. This is larger than decrease of the friction loss coefficient at the impeller and the diffuser vane channel.
[0076] Accordingly, it is suggested that it is important for the pump efficiency to fluidly and smoothly dress the casing wall surface of the exit of the impeller.
[0077] Even if it seems that the flow-rate coefficient of a best efficiency point (BEP) is only changed on the basis of the large change of the Reynolds number, the shaft power coefficients of the best efficiency and the BEP is largely changed. In addition, the performance obtained by use of the alternative liquid such as water and LNG is only changed because of a little difference of the Reynolds number, as compared with the case using the dangerous liquid such as LPG and LNG.
The axial thrust performance
[0078] As described above, the axial thrust is rapidly changed in accordance with the clearance Sd at a possible balance. Therefore, an influence of change of the clearance is calculated and the result of the calculation is shown in Fig. 9.
[0079] Assuming that the thrust which points toward the delivery side (upper side in actual mounting position) is a positive, the axial thrust and the leakage are considerably decreased in the region of the clearance Sd<0.1mm and only changed in the wide region of the clearance Sd.
[0080] The clearance in an operation can be found from an intersection of the thrust curve and the rotor weight as shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 9 teaches that the balance mechanism is safety driven at clearance Sd of approximately 0.07 mm almost in the flow-rate region and approximately 0.1 mm in the high flow-rate region, and that the move of the axis is very few against an extensive change of the axial thrust.
[0081] A safety of the thrust balance mechanism can be estimated by a slope of dCr/dSd in the thrust curve, as a result, it is necessary to a force of approximately 40 tons for moving the axis 0.1 mm at point of Cr=0.
[0082] This shows that this apparatus has a strong rigidity and has a stability against the change of the thrust. In the high flow-rate, however, the axial thrust curve is loose and the rigidity is fallen.
[0083] The contents of symbols used in the above equations are shown in the following.
b₂ = impeller outlet width
: axial thrust coefficient (T = axial thrust)
Ns = pump specific speed [m,m³/min,rpm]
: nondimentional pressure
Q, ΔQ = pump flow-rate, leakage flow-rate
r₁, r₂ = radius of main impeller inlet and outlet
: Reynolds number
Sd = clearance of axial direction of balance disk
u₂ = main impeller peripheral speed
β₂ = main impeller outlet angle
η = efficiency
ν, ρ = density of kinematic viscosity of fluid (
)
: power coefficient (L=power,
)
Φ = Qdischarge/A₂u₂ : pump flow-rate coefficient
As described above, the inside flow of the impeller is analyzed by use of the quasi-three dimensional flow to obtain flow characteristics in the average of the impeller outlet, the impeller boundary layer is analyzed by use of the averaged flow characteristics to obtain the friction loss and the loss of the impeller outlet diffuser and the diffuser boundary flow are obtained by analysis of the impeller outlet diffuser boundary layer, thus predicting the shock loss of the diffuser.
[0084] Accordingly, the impeller flow and loss can be analyzed without use of an experimental coefficient and also the difference of the impeller having an arbitrary configuration can be estimated.
[0085] In the invention, there is a characteristic like that in the above case, the loss according to the separation in the impeller and the second order flow appears as the bias of the impeller outlet flow and this when subjected to a homogeneity appears as a mixing loss.
[0086] Since the impeller inlet reverse flow which occurs at the low flow-rate is modeled to analyze by the quasi-three dimensional analysis, the high accurate prediction performance can be carried out in whole region from the low flow-rate to the excessive flow-rate.
[0087] Further the flows of the behind impeller and the balance mechanism are analyzed by the two-dimensional viscous analysis using the momentum equation, thus the flow analysis taken account of the change of all dimensions of each part in detail can be carried out. Therefore, the axial thrust characteristic of the automatic balance mechanism. The friction loss power and the leakage characteristic can be highly accurately estimated in any mechanism.
[0088] The total analysis combined with the impeller boundary layer analysis, the impeller outlet diffuser boundary layer analysis and the two-dimensional viscous analysis using the momentum equation are established, according to which the all head of the pump, the shaft power, the efficiency and the axial thrust can be highly accurately predicted in all flow-rate regions thereby making the change of the pump performance and the axial thrust performance according to the viscousness clear.
[0089] Whereas modifications of the present invention will no doubt be apparent to a person of ordinary skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, it is to be understood that the embodiments shown and described by way of illustration are by no means intended to be considered in a limiting sense. Accordingly, it is to be intended by the claims to cover all modifications of the invention which fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
1. A method for prediction of performance of a centrifugal pump with a balance mechanism
comprising the steps of inputting data of pump dimensions, a flow-rate, a rate of
revolution in operation and liquid characteristics into an analyzer (step 1), assuming
leakage amounts in a back of an impeller and a balance mechanism to calculate a flow-rate
of said impeller for carrying out a prediction of performances in pressure and speed
(steps 2, 3 and 4), analyzing both leakage amounts in front and back of said impeller
and a flow in a static channel for subsequent analysis of a flow of said thrust balance
mechanism (steps 5, 6 and 7), calculating a leakage amount in said thrust balance
mechanism for judging whether or not a result of said calculation converges (steps
8 and 9), if said result does not converge (step 9), repeating said steps from said
analysis of said flow in said thrust balance mechanism (step 7) to said calculation
of said leakage amount in said thrust balance mechanism (step 8), if said result converges
(step 9), calculating a leakage amount in said pump (step 10), if a result of said
calculation does not converge (step 11), repeating said steps from said calculation
of said flow-rate in said impeller (step 3) up to said convergence (step 11) for analyzing
an inside flow of said impeller as a quasi-three-dimensional potential flow and modeling
a reverse flow of a impeller inlet occurring in a low flow-rate to take account at
a quasi-three-dimension and predicting performances of flows in said back of said
impeller and said thrust balance mechanism by a total analysis combined with a two-dimensional
viscous analysis by using a momentum equation.
2. A method for prediction of performance of a centrifugal pump with a thrust balance
mechanism according to claim 1, wherein said calculation of said flow-rate of said
impeller (step 3) is defined by
where k, ε₂ and ηv are the slip factor, the shrinkage ratio of an impeller channel due to a blade thickness and the volume efficiency respectively as well as ξf is the friction loss and ξs is the shock loss.
where k, ε₂ and ηv are the slip factor, the shrinkage ratio of an impeller channel due to a blade thickness and the volume efficiency respectively as well as ξf is the friction loss and ξs is the shock loss.
3. A method for prediction of performance of a centrifugal pump with a thrust balance
mechanism according to claim 1, wherein said calculation of said leakage amount of
said pump (step 10) is defined by
where η is the total efficiency, ηh is the hydraulic efficiency, ηv is the volume efficiency, ηm is the mechanical efficiency, Q is the flow-rate in a suction portion of said pump, ΔQimp,p is the leakage of a front of a shroud clearance in a main impeller, ΔQmotor is the leakage passing through a balance mechanism and a motor, (Q-ΔQmotor) is the discharge amount and Lf is the disk friction power including a power due to a reverse flow in a impeller inlet.
where η is the total efficiency, ηh is the hydraulic efficiency, ηv is the volume efficiency, ηm is the mechanical efficiency, Q is the flow-rate in a suction portion of said pump, ΔQimp,p is the leakage of a front of a shroud clearance in a main impeller, ΔQmotor is the leakage passing through a balance mechanism and a motor, (Q-ΔQmotor) is the discharge amount and Lf is the disk friction power including a power due to a reverse flow in a impeller inlet.