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(11) | EP 0 673 748 B1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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| (54) |
METHOD, APPATATUS AND MOLD FOR INJECTION MOLDING A PREFORM VERFAHREN, VORRICHTUNG UND WERKZEUG ZUM SPRITZGIESSEN EINER VORFORM PROCEDE, APPAREIL ET MOULE POUR LE MOULAGE PAR INJECTION D'UNE PREFORME |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
[0001] The present invention relates to a method of injection molding a preform according to the preamble of claim 1, an injection molding apparatus according to the preamble of claim 9, and a mold according to the preamble of claim 15.
[0002] A method, an apparatus, and a mold of the related art are known from the US-A-4,472,131. It is disclosed a method for the fabrication of a plastic preform suitable for use in the preparation for biaxially oriented hollow articles wherein the duration of the preform injection molding cycle is reduced. The reduction in the injection molding cycle is attained by injection molding and cooling, followed by supercooling and conditioning simultaneously at a single stage of an injection molding machine at different positions within the station. Further known machines for injection molding without using specific cooling means are described in the EP-A-0 162 424 and the US-A-4,201,535.
[0003] To injection-mold a preform it is required at least an injection cavity mold defining the outer surface of the preform, and an injection core mold defining the inner surface of the preform. Furthermore, after clamping the injection cavity mold and injection core mold together and injection molding the preform, it is necessary to maintain the molds in the clamped state until the preform is cooled to a temperature at which the preform can be released from the molds.
[0004] Conventionally, therefore, to ensure that the preform temperature is sufficiently low for releasing has required the injection molding cycle time to be increased, and thus the productive efficiency to be impaired. The following are four factors concerned with longer cooling times.
(1) If for example the preform is released from the injection cavity mold and injection core mold and ejected by dropping, the preform must be cooled so that the temperature when the mold is separated is sufficiently low that the preform is not deformed by contact with other objects.
(2) If the temperature when the preform is released from the mold is high, then when removing the injection core mold from the preform, deformation problems caused by the preform sticking to the core mold may occur.
(3) If the temperature when the preform is released from the mold is high, since there is no longer any member restraining the deformation of the preform after the preform has been released from the injection core mold, deformation problems due to thermal unevenness or thermal shrinking may occur and prevent the preform from meeting its design requirements.
(4) If the cooling by the injection core mold is inadequate, the inner periphery of the preform in particular may suffer crystallization as a result of the inadequate cooling, and a preform with a non-transparent body may be obtained.
[0005] In response to this, Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 4-15721 (1992) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 3-140219 (1991) disclose a rotary injection molding apparatus having an injection molding station, a cooling station and an ejection station disposed in this order at halting positions of an intermittent rotary transport means, in which a preform molded at the injection molding station is transported supported by a neck mold of the intermittent transport means successively to the cooling station and ejection station.
[0006] In such a rotary injection molding apparatus, it is not necessary to consider factor (1) above, but inevitably factors (2) to (4) still cause the injection molding cycle time to increase.
[0007] Further, in the case of such a rotary injection molding apparatus, the cooling station requires a cooling pot and a cooling core, and since it is further necessary to provide a separate ejection station, the number of stations increases, and more neck molds are required. Thus such an injection molding apparatus leads to increased size and complexity of the apparatus, and a larger number of components.
[0008] Using such a rotary injection molding apparatus, to prevent crystallization of the thickest portion of the preform, that is to say, the neck, it is also possible to cool the neck with the neck mold. However, since the rotation is one-directional, to provide a cooling medium to the neck mold involves the use of a rotary coupling, which complicates the mechanism further.
[0009] Moreover, without extracting the injection core mold completely from the preform, it is not possible to eject the preform in a conventional injection molding apparatus, and in a rotary injection molding apparatus it is not possible to transport the preform from the injection molding station to the next stage. To extract the injection core mold completely from the preform in this way involves a long extraction movement, and this leads to the problem of a high overall height for the apparatus.
[0010] If, however, the preform is ejected before complete cooling in the injection core mold and injection cavity mold (with the preform maintained at a temperature to allow processing at the next stage), and passes to a next stage where it is subjected to secondary processing such as blow-molding, the following problems may occur.
(A) Unless the internal pressure (pressure maintained for injection) is sufficient, concavities are formed on the injection cavity mold side of the preform, and a preform with a uniform temperature distribution is not obtained. Therefore, when this preform is blow-molded, a product of uniform thickness may not be obtained.
(B) If the internal pressure (pressure maintained for injection) is excessively increased, a pressure difference arises between a gate portion and the end of the preform (for example the neck portion), and a residual stress becomes large in the high pressure preform bottom portion. As a result, the blow-molding process does not yield a product with an even thickness distribution.
(C) When the preform is cooled through the injection core and the injection cavity, as the cooling proceeds the preform shrinks, and comes away from the injection cavity. The outer surface of the preform, therefore, has some portions in contact with the injection cavity and some not, as a result of which there are variations in the cooling rate, and the temperature is not uniform. Therefore, when this preform is blow-molded, a product of uniform thickness is not obtained.
[0011] It is an object of the invention to provide a method of injection molding a preform, an apparatus, and a mold for the same, by which a reduction in the injection molding cycle time and an improvement in productive efficiency is achieved while an adequate cooling time is ensured.
[0012] According to the invention, the object is solved by a method of claim 1, an apparatus of claim 9, and a mold of claim 15, respectively.
[0013] A method comprises:
a step in an injection molding station of injection molding a preform in clamped molds including an injection cavity mold and injection core mold each of which has a cooling portion;
a step in said injection molding station of releasing said preform from said injection cavity mold;
a step of transferring said preform while being cooled by said injection core mold to a cooling and ejection station; and
a step in said cooling and ejection station of cooling said preform by said injection core mold until injection molding of a next preform in said injection molding station is completed, and thereafter ejecting said preform from said injection core mold.
[0014] A preform injection-molded in the injection molding station is cooled by the injection cavity mold and injection core mold, and thereafter the preform is released only from the injection cavity mold. Thereafter the preform is transferred by means of the injection core mold to the cooling and ejection station. Both during the transfer and in the cooling and ejection station, the preform is cooled by the injection core mold, and thereafter the preform is ejected.
[0015] As a result, even after the injection cavity mold has been separated from the preform in the injection molding station, since it is cooled by the injection core mold, an adequate cooling time for the preform can be assured. This allows the injection cavity mold to be separated in the injection molding station at a higher temperature, and shortens the injection molding cycle time. Moreover, when with this higher temperature the injection cavity mold is separated, the injection core mold prevents deformation of the preform, and moreover crystallization and non-transparency of the body of the preform caused by inadequate cooling can be prevented.
[0016] In said injection molding step, said preform, which has a neck portion having an undercut with respect to the direction of mold-opening, can be injection molded using a neck cavity mold defining the outer surface of said neck portion. This neck cavity mold comprises a split pair of molds having cooling portions.
[0017] When a neck cavity mold is used, in said transfer step and said cooling step in said cooling and ejection station, said preform is cooled with said injection core mold and said neck cavity mold maintained in the clamped state. Moreover, in said ejection step in said cooling and ejection station, said injection core mold is separated from said neck cavity mold by relative driving through only a stroke sufficient to allow a space to open between said injection core mold and the inner surface of said preform held by said neck cavity mold. Thereafter said split pair of molds of said neck cavity mold is driven to be separated, and said preform is ejected.
[0018] In this case, even after separation of the injection core mold, the neck portion of the preform continues to be cooled by the neck cavity mold, the thick neck portion can be adequately cooled, and white crystallization thereof is prevented. Moreover, since there is no necessity to withdraw the injection core mold from the entire length of the preform, the mold-opening stroke of the injection core mold can be reduced.
[0019] Moreover, since even after separation of the injection core mold, the injection core mold remains within the preform, even if the preform should adhere to either of the split pair of molds constituting the neck cavity mold, movement of the preform in the direction of driving said pair of split molds to be separated is restricted by the injection core mold.
[0020] The cooling time of said preform can be adjusted by adjusting the timing of said mold-opening driving in said cooling and ejection station. As a result, without necessarily changing the injection molding cycle time, the optimum cooling time for the preform can be ensured. Moreover, by adjusting the timing of separating the injection core mold, the increase in release pressure with the progress of cooling of the preform can be met, and an injection molding apparatus of general applicability can be provided.
[0021] It is preferable that said injection core mold and said neck cavity mold together are reversibly rotated between said injection molding station and said cooling and ejection station, which being separated by substantially 180 degrees, and said injection core mold and said neck cavity mold are transferred so as to be interchanged between said stations.
[0022] Reversing the direction of interchange of the injection core mold and neck cavity mold between the stations once per cycle simplifies the connections of pipes circulating cooling medium to the injection core mold and neck cavity mold.
[0023] In said transfer step and during cooling in said cooling and ejection station, said neck cavity mold is held in contact with said injection core mold by a return spring, maintaining the clamped state of both said molds, as a result of which the clamped state of the molds can be maintained without requiring a power source, and the cooling of the preform can be promoted.
[0024] In this case, in said cooling and ejection station, said neck cavity mold holding said preform is pulled away from said injection core mold by an external force opposing the urging force of said return spring, so that said injection core mold is separated from said preform.
[0025] It is preferable that the step of separating said injection cavity mold is carried out after the formation of a skin layer on the outer surface of said preform cooled by said injection cavity mold sufficient to maintain the shape of said preform after separation from said injection cavity mold. This prevents deformation of the preform after separation of the injection cavity mold, while enabling the minimum injection molding cycle time to be attained.
[0026] If the neck portion has no undercut, and it is not necessary to use a neck cavity mold, in said cooling and ejection station, said preform may be ejected by blowing air from said injection core mold within said preform.
[0027] For further processing it is provided:
a step of transferring a preform injection-molded as described above to a blow-molding station while the heat of injection molding is retained; and
a step of blow-molding a hollow body from said preform, by disposing said preform in a blow cavity mold, applying longitudinal stretching by means of a stretching rod, and introducing air from a blow core mold in said blow-molding station.
[0028] In the case where the preform is to be released from the injection mold before cooling is complete, and subjected to secondary processing such as blow-molding, since the preform is released from the injection cavity mold earlier, uniform cooling of the inner surface of the preform by the injection core mold is obtained from the increased contact pressure due to shrinkage of the preform, and therefore the quality of the product can be significantly improved, and particularly the desired thickness distribution of the product resulting from the secondary processing such as blow-molding, can be obtained.
[0029] The injection molding apparatus for a preform has an injection molding station for injection molding a preform, and a cooling and ejection station for releasing and ejecting said preform after cooling, and comprising:
injection core molds disposed at positions corresponding to both of said stations and having a function of cooling said preform;
an interchange transfer means for interchanging said injection core molds between said both stations;
an injection cavity mold adapted to be clamped with said injection core mold disposed in said injection molding station, and having a function of cooling said preform;
a mold clamping means operating to clamp said injection core mold and injection cavity mold in said injection molding station, and also operating to separate relatively said injection cavity mold from said preform; and
an ejection means, operating to eject said preform from said injection core mold after said preform disposed in said cooling and ejection station has been cooled by said injection core mold.
[0030] By means of such an apparatus, the above-described method can be practiced, and while reducing the injection molding cycle time, adequate cooling time for the preform can be assured.
[0031] It is preferable that said interchange transfer means comprises a rotary wheel executing intermittent rotary transfer of said injection core mold between said injection molding station and cooling and ejection station, which being disposed at rotary positions separated by substantially 180 degrees.
[0032] In the apparatus of the present invention, a neck cavity mold can be used. In this case, the neck cavity mold adapted to be clamped and opened relatively with said injection core mold is supported by said rotary wheel. This neck cavity mold comprises a split pair of molds defining the outer surface of a neck portion of said preform, and said split pair of molds each have cooling portions.
[0033] In this case, said rotary wheel transfers said preform having been injection molded to said cooling and ejection station while said preform is being cooled by said neck cavity mold and said injection core mold.
[0034] When using a neck cavity mold as described above, said ejection means comprises:
a mold opening means which operates to separate said neck cavity mold relative to said injection core mold through only a stroke sufficient to allow a space to open between said injection core mold and the inner surface of said preform held by said neck cavity mold; and
a split mold opening means which after said neck cavity mold has been subject to said relative mold opening operates to separate said split pair of molds and eject said preform.
[0035] In order to maintain the injection core mold and neck cavity mold in the clamped state during transfer, a return spring is further provided, which urges said neck cavity mold against said injection core mold and maintains both molds in the clamped state. Here, said mold opening means opposes the urging force of said return spring and operates to separate said neck cavity mold relative to said injection core mold.
[0036] As a construction for supporting the neck cavity mold may be provided:
two split plates supporting respective of said split pair of molds constituting said neck cavity mold;
a guide member guidably supporting said two split plates so as to be selectively contacted or separated, and to which said return spring is attached;
a pressure plate disposed above said two split plates; and
a driven shaft erected in the upward direction above said pressure plate and of such a length that the upper end does not reach said rotary wheel.
[0037] In this case, said mold opening means comprises:
a through hole provided in said rotary wheel in a position corresponding to said driven shaft;
a drive shaft having a lower end above said through hole; and
a first drive means pressingly driving said drive shaft.
[0038] By the operation of said first drive means, the lower end of said drive shaft, having passed through and below said through hole in said rotary wheel, pressingly drives said driven shaft, and opposing the urging force of said return spring operates to separate said neck cavity mold from said injection core mold.
[0039] As a construction for mold opening of said split pair of molds constituting said neck cavity mold may be provided:
said two split plates may have wedge-shaped notch portions at opposing ends; and
a vertically moving plate may be provided which moves vertically together with said drive shaft in response to operation of said first drive means.
[0040] Said split mold opening means may further comprise:
a second drive means mounted on said vertically moving plate; and
a cam plate driven downward by said second drive member, and having a wedge-shaped end portion which engages with said notch portions formed in said two split plates.
[0041] In this way, after the vertically moving plate is driven downward to separate the injection core mold, the cam plate is driven downward by said second drive member, and the lowering stroke of the cam plate can be reduced.
[0042] It is preferable that the injection core mold, or said rotary wheel on which said injection core mold and the injection cavity mold are supported is driven in a reciprocating rotary motion, reversing the direction of rotary transfer for each operation. This simplifies the circulation of cooling medium to the cooling portions of each of the molds.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0043] Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view showing one embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention.
[0046] Fig. 4A is a side elevation, showing the embodiment with the mold open, and Fig. 4B is a side elevation, showing the embodiment with the mold clamped.
[0047] Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing the construction of the injection core mold and neck cavity mold fitted on the rotary wheel.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
[0052] The method and apparatus of the present invention are now described in terms of a preferred embodiment, with reference to Figs. 1 to 9.
[0053] Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the embodiment, and in this figure, an injection unit 12 is disposed on a base 10, and in a position opposing the injection unit 12 are provided adjacently an injection molding station 14 and a cooling and ejection station 16.
[0054] Below the injection molding station 14 is provided, as shown in Figs. 4A and 4B a lower mold clamping plate 20 fixed on the base 10. Above this lower mold clamping plate 20, and spanning the positions of the injection molding station 14 and cooling and ejection station 16 is disposed an upper mold clamping plate 22 which is for example circular. This upper mold clamping plate 22 can go up and down along four tie bars 24 provided around the periphery of the injection molding station 14. As shown in Figs. 1, 4A and 4B, a fixing plate 26 is provided at the upper ends of the tie bars 24, and this fixing plate 26 has a clamping cylinder 28 fixed thereto. The clamping cylinder 28 drives a clamping rod 28a, and this clamping rod 28a drives the upper mold clamping plate 22 vertically.
[0055] As shown in Figs. 4A and 4B, on the lower surface of the upper mold clamping plate 22 is supported rotatably a rotary wheel 30. This rotary wheel 30, as shown in Fig. 5, is fixed to a rotary shaft 34, which is driven rotatably by a rotary actuator 32 fixed to the upper mold clamping plate 22. As shown in Fig. 2, which is a bottom view of the rotary wheel 30, on the rotary wheel 30 are supported two sets of injection core molds 50 and neck cavity molds 60 in positions corresponding to the stations 14 and 16. The injection core molds 50 and neck cavity molds 60 are described in detail below.
[0056] As shown in Figs. 4A and 4B, the injection molding station 14 is provided with a hot-runner mold 40 which is brought into nozzle contact with the injection unit 12, and an injection cavity mold 42 is fixed to the upper part of this hot-runner mold 40. This injection cavity mold 42 has by way of example four cavities for simultaneous injection molding at the injection molding station 14. The injection cavity mold 42 can cool injection-molded preforms by circulating a cooling medium, such as water for a room temperature, within the cavity mold.
[0057] As shown in Figs. 4A, 4B, 5 and 6, the two sets of injection core molds 50 supported by the rotary wheel 30 each have four core pins 52, for example, for simultaneous injection molding. As shown in Fig. 5, the base portion 52a of each core pin 52 is supported by a core retainer 54 fixed to the underside of the rotary wheel 30 and a core fixing plate 56 fixed to the underside of the core retainer 54. When the clamping cylinder 28 is operated so that the clamping rod 28a drives the upper mold clamping plate 22 downward, the core pins 52 of the injection core molds 50 are driven downward integrally with the rotary wheel 30 supported by this upper mold clamping plate 22, the core retainers 54 and the core fixing plates 56, and thus mold clamping is performed with respect to the injection cavity mold 42.
[0058] Each of the two sets of neck cavity molds 60 supported by the rotary wheel 30, as shown in Figs. 5 and 9, is constituted of a pair of split molds 62a and 62b, and each set of these split molds 62a and 62b is provided in a number appropriate for simultaneous injection molding. In each set, a pair of split molds 62a and 62b is provided with respective split plates 64a and 64b for fixing, and these split plates 64a and 64b constitute a neck fixing plate 64. Again, as shown in Figs. 3 to 9, above the split plates 64a and 64b is provided a neck retainer 65 which presses down the neck fixing plate 64. Further, guide plates 66 are also provided to support the underside of the end portions of the neck fixing plate 64. The split plates 64a and 64b are maintained in the normally closed state by means of springs 64c shown in Fig. 2. Furthermore, the split plates 64a and 64b are provided with respective wedge-shaped apertures 64d, shown in Fig. 2, at their end portions. After the neck fixing plate 64 is transferred to the cooling and ejection station 16, split mold opening cams 108 described below are driven in the direction of the wedge-shaped apertures 64d drive the split plates 64a and 64b along the guide plates 66.
[0059] As shown in Fig. 7, which is an enlarged sectional diagram of section A of Fig. 6, and Fig. 3, vertical pins 70 extend upward from the guide plates 66, with their lower ends fixed thereto, and at the upper ends of these vertical pins 70 are formed flanges 70a. Additionally, guide tubes 72 are fixed to the underside of the rotary wheel 30 extending downward, and the vertical pins 70 are disposed within these guide tubes 72. A return spring 74 is disposed between the bottom inner end of each guide tube 72 and the flange 70a of the corresponding vertical pin 70. The upward force of these return springs 74 constantly urge the guide plates 66 upward, and as a result the neck retainer 65 is always held in contact with the core fixing plate 56.
[0060] By maintaining the contact between the core fixing plate 56 and the neck retainer 65, the mold clamping of the injection core molds 50 and neck cavity molds 60 is obtained. By means of the external force (described below) applied in the cooling and ejection station 16 the urging force of the return springs 74 is countered, and the vertical pins 70 lowered; thus the neck retainer 65 is driven downward and away from the core fixing plate 56, and the neck fixing plate 64 is pressed down. As a result, the core pin 52 of the injection core mold 50 is separated from the preform 1 whose neck portion 2 is held by the neck cavity mold 60.
[0061] Next, the mechanism for the ejection of the preform from the cooling and ejection station 16 is described. In this embodiment, the preform ejection mechanism comprises a neck mold opening section 80 and a split mold opening section 100. The neck mold opening section 80, as shown in Fig. 6, has a first cylinder 82, and this first cylinder 82 is fixed to a first cylinder fixing plate 84b supported from the upper mold clamping plate 22 by first pillars 84a. The first cylinder 82 drives a first vertically moving plate 86 up and down by means of a first piston rod 82a. At both ends of this first vertically moving plate 86 are provided respective pressure drive rods 88. The upper mold clamping plate 22 has provided therein through-holes 22a penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface, and the pressure drive rods 88 are disposed within these through-holes 22a. In order that the initial position of the first vertically moving plate 86 does not obstruct the rotation of the rotary wheel 30, the pressure drive rods 88 are such that their ends do not project from the lower surface of the upper mold clamping plate 22.
[0062] As shown in Fig. 6, the rotary wheel 30, core retainer 54, and core fixing plate 56 have respective holes 30a, 54a, and 56a formed in positions corresponding to the through-holes 22a in the upper mold clamping plate 22. Driven rods 68 are positioned within the holes 30a, 54a, and 56a and fixed to the upper surface of the neck retainer 65.
[0063] When, therefore, the first cylinder 82 is driven, through the first piston rod 82a, the pressure drive rods 88, and the driven rods 68, the neck retainer 65 and neck fixing plate 64 are driven downward against the urging force of the return springs 74. As shown in Fig. 8, by this means each core pin 52 of the injection core molds 50 is separated from the preform 1 of which the neck portion 2 is held by the neck cavity mold 60. In this embodiment, it is not necessary for the core pin 52 of the injection core mold 50 to be completely detached from the opening of the preform 1, and it is sufficient if a gap opens between the core pin 52 and the preform 1 into which air enters. In this embodiment, the stroke by the neck fixing plate 64, that is, the stroke by the core pins 52 (the distance L in Fig. 8) for mold-opening is set to be, for example, 50 mm.
[0064] Next the split mold opening section 100 is described. As shown in Figs. 1 and 6, this split mold opening section 100 has for example two second cylinders 102. As shown in Fig. 9, each of these second cylinders 102 is fixed to a second cylinder fixing plate 104b supported from the first vertically moving plate 86 by second pillars 104a. As a result, when the first vertically moving plate 86 is driven vertically by the first cylinder 82, the second cylinders 102 are also driven vertically. The second cylinders 102 drive second vertically moving plates 106 up and down by means of second piston rods 102a. At both ends of these second vertically moving plates 106 are fixed split mold opening cams 108. The lower extremities of the split mold opening cams 108 are wedge-shaped, corresponding to the wedge-shaped apertures 64d provided in the split plates 64a and 64b making up the neck fixing plate 64. As a result, when the second cylinders 102 are driven, the split mold opening cams 108 are driven down the wedge-shaped lower extremities are inserted into the wedge-shaped apertures 64d in the neck fixing plate 64, and thereby the split plates 64a and 64b are driven apart. Additionally, the respective split molds 62a and 62b fixed to the split plates 64a and 64b are driven apart, and the preform 1 is ejected from the neck cavity mold 60. In this preferred embodiment the drive timing of the second cylinders 102 is set to be after the first cylinder 82 is driven.
[0065] Next, the operation of injection molding the preforms 1 in the embodiment above is described.
(1) Injection molding step in the injection molding station 14
[0066] The clamping cylinder 28 is driven and the upper mold clamping plate 22 is thereby driven down, whereby the injection core molds 50 and the neck cavity molds 60 are clamped to the injection cavity mold 42. After the clamped state shown in Fig. 4 is reached, by a screw inside the injection unit 12 being advanced and rotated, the preform 1 injection molding material, for example polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is injected by way of the hot runner mold 40 into the cavity defined by the molds 42, 50 and 60, and the preforms 1 are thereby injection molded.
(2) Cooling step in the injection molding station 14
[0067] The injection cavity mold 42, the injection core molds 50 and the neck cavity molds 60 each have a cooling medium, for example water at room temperature, circulating through them, and the resin injected into the cavity defined by the molds can be immediately cooled.
(3) Step for releasing preforms from the injection cavity mold 42 in the injection molding station 14
[0068] By the clamping cylinder 28 being so driven that it lifts the upper mold clamping plate 22, the injection core molds 50 and the neck cavity molds 60 can be lifted up away from the injection cavity mold 42, resulting in the open state shown in Fig. 4A. At this time, because an undercut with respect to the mold-opening direction is formed in each of the neck portion 2 of the preforms 1, the injection-molded preforms 1 are held by the injection core molds 50 and neck cavity molds 60 and are separated from the injection cavity mold 42.
[0069] The timing at which this mold-opening starts in the injection molding station 14 can be made considerably earlier than a conventional mold-opening start timing. In other words, the cooling time of the preforms 1 in the injection molding station 14 can be shortened. This is because even after the preforms 1 have been released from the injection cavity mold 42 the core pins 52 of the injection core molds 50 remain inside the preforms 1 and deformation of the preforms 1 accompanying their thermal shrinkage can be prevented. Therefore, the release temperature for the preforms 1 in the injection molding station 14 only has to be low enough for a skin layer thick enough for the shape of the preforms 1 to be maintained after they are separated from the injection cavity mold 42 to form at the outer surfaces of the preforms 1, and can be higher than conventional release temperatures. Even if the release temperature is high in this way, because the cooling causes the preforms 1 to shrink around the core pins 52 of the injection core molds 50, release from the injection cavity mold 42 can be carried out relatively smoothly, and release problems of the preforms 1 do not occur. Also, because in the injection molding station 14 withdrawal of the core pins 52 is not carried out, even if the preforms 1 are released at a high release temperature, the problem of the lower ends of the preforms 1 being pulled up with the core pins 52 does not occur.
[0070] The clamped state of the injection core molds 50 and the neck cavity molds 60 with respect to the preforms 1 separated from the injection cavity mold 42 is maintained by the core fixing plate 56 and the neck retainer 65 being kept in contact with each other by the return springs 74. This clamped state of the injection core molds 50 and the neck cavity molds 60 is maintained through the subsequent step of transferring the preforms 1 until in the cooling and ejection station 16 the preforms 1 are released from the injection core molds 50. Cooling of the preforms 1 is possible throughout the time during which this clamped state of the injection core molds 50 and the neck cavity molds 60 is maintained.
(4) Preform 1 transfer step
[0071] The preforms 1 are carried from the injection molding station 14 to the cooling and ejection station 16 by the rotary actuator 32 being driven and the rotary wheel 30 being rotated thereby through 180 degrees. During this preform 1 transfer step, it is possible for cooling of the preforms 1 by the cooling medium circulating through the injection core molds 50 and the neck cavity molds 60 to continue without interruption.
[0072] Generally, when the preforms 1 are released from the mold at a high temperature, crystallization occurs due to inadequate cooling and the wall surfaces of the preforms 1 become non-transparent, and particularly when PET is being used to make transparent containers this is a fatal defect. According to experiments carried out by the present inventors, this crystallization and loss of transparency of the preforms 1 accompanying inadequate cooling is particularly marked on the inner surface of the walls of the preforms 1. This is because on the inner surface of the walls of the preforms 1 there is less surface area in contact with the mold and consequently the inner surface is more liable to be inadequately cooled than the outer surface. Also, when as conventionally the injection cavity mold 42 and the injection core molds 50 are separated from the preforms 1 in the injection molding station, the inner surface of the walls is more liable to be inadequately cooled than the outer surface because the heat-radiating surface area on the inner surface of the preforms 1 is less than of the outer surface and furthermore heat accumulates in the interior of the preforms 1.
[0073] In this embodiment, even if in the injection molding station 14 the preforms 1 are released from the mold at a relatively high temperature, in the subsequent transfer step it is possible for the preforms 1 to continue to be cooled by the injection core molds 50 and the neck cavity molds 60. In particular, because the inner surface of the walls of the preforms 1 can be uninterruptedly cooled by the core pins 52 of the injection core molds 50, crystallization and loss of transparency caused by inadequate cooling can be certainly prevented. In particular, the neck portions 2, which because they are thick have large heat capacities and are more liable to crystallize than other portions, can be cooled by the neck cavity molds 60 and prevented from crystallizing.
(5) Preform cooling step in the cooling and ejection station 16
[0074] Even after the preforms 1 have been transferred to the cooling and ejection station 16, by the clamped state of the injection core molds 50 and the neck cavity molds 60 with respect to the preforms 1 being maintained, the preforms 1 can be cooled as they were during the above-mentioned transfer step. At this time, even if in the injection molding station 14 the clamping cylinder 28 has been driven and the upper mold clamping plate 22 lowered for the injection molding of the next preforms, because the above-mentioned clamped state in the cooling and ejection station 16 is maintained, cooling of the preforms 1 can be continued.
(6) Step for separating the neck cavity molds 60 from the injection core molds 50
[0075] Cooling of the preforms 1 by the core pins 52 of the injection core molds 50 only has to continue long enough for crystallization caused by inadequate cooling of the inner surface of the walls of the preforms 1 to be prevented and for deformation of the ejected preforms 1 to be avoided, and indeed if the preforms 1 are excessively cooled by the core pins 52, removal of the core pins 52 becomes difficult. Therefore, in this cooling and ejection station 16, first the preforms 1 are released from the injection core molds 50. In this embodiment, this is achieved by the neck cavity molds 60 holding the preforms 1 being separated from the injection core molds 50.
[0076] This separation of the neck cavity molds 60 is carried out by the neck retainer 65 kept in contact with the core fixing plate 56 by the urging force of the return springs 74 being lowered by the neck mold opening section 80. When the first cylinder 82 of the neck mold opening section 80 is driven, the pushing force thereof transmitted through the first piston rod 82a, the first vertically moving plate 86, the pressure drive rods 88 and the driven rods 68 causes the neck fixing plate 64 to be pressed against the neck retainer 65 and be driven downward as shown in Figs. 3 and 8. At this time, because the preforms 1 have their neck portions 2 held by the neck cavity molds 60, the preforms 1 are also driven downward together with the neck fixing plate 64 and the neck cavity molds 60. Consequently, the relative separation of the neck cavity molds 60 from the injection core molds 50 results in the injection core molds 50 being separated from the preforms 1.
[0077] This stroke through which the injection core molds 50 move with respect to the preforms 1 does not have to be so long that the core pins 52 are pulled completely clear of the open ends of the preforms 1 for the subsequent transfer of the preforms 1 as it does conventionally, and need only be long enough for at least gaps through which air can enter to be formed between the inner surface of the walls of the preforms 1 and the core pins 52. Consequently, the mold-opening stroke of the injection core molds 50 depends on the angle of the taper provided on the core pins 52 and the inner surface of the walls of the preforms 1, and the greater this taper angle is, the shorter the mold-opening stroke needs to be. Because the mold-opening stroke of the injection core molds 50 can be shortened in this way, the installation height of the first cylinder 82 can be made low and the overall height of the injection molding apparatus can be made low, and this is advantageous in the transportation and installation of the apparatus.
(7) Preform ejection step
[0078] Because the preforms 1 have their neck portions 2 held by the neck cavity molds 60 comprising the pairs of split molds 62a and 62b, the preforms 1 can be ejected by these neck cavity molds 60 being opened. To bring this about, the second cylinders 102 of the split mold opening section 100 are driven. This driving force of the second cylinders 102 is transmitted to the split mold opening cams 108 by way of the second piston rods 102a and the second vertically moving plates 106. By the split mold opening cams 108 being driven downward, as shown in Fig. 9 their ends are inserted into the wedge-shaped apertures 64d formed in the split plates 64a and 64b, these split plates 64a and 64b are driven open, and the pairs of split molds 62a and 62b are thereby opened. At this time, even if the neck portion 2 of a preform 1 has stuck to one of the split molds 62a and 62b and tries to move therewith, because the respective core pin 52 of the injection core molds 50 is still inside the preform 1, lateral movement of the preform 1 is restricted and the preform 1 can be dropped downward without fail.
[0079] In the state before the split mold opening cams 108 are driven downward, in order to avoid the split plate opening cams 108 interfering with the rotation of the rotary wheel 30 it is necessary that their ends stop within the thickness of the upper mold clamping plate 22. On the other hand, because the neck fixing plate 64 which is driven open by these split mold opening cams 108 is in the position most remote from the rotary wheel 30, the downward stroke of the split mold opening cams 108 is long. In this embodiment, because the second cylinders 102 which drive these split mold opening cams 108 are mounted on the first vertically moving plate 86 driven by the first cylinder 82 and because before the split mold opening cams 108 are driven the first vertically moving plate 86 is driven, the actual downward stroke through which the split mold opening cams 108 are driven by the second cylinders 102 is reduced. As a result, the installation height of the second cylinders 102 can be made low, the overall height of the injection molding apparatus can be made low, and an apparatus advantageous from the points of view of transportation and installation can be provided.
[0080] After this preform 1 ejection step is completed, the first and second cylinders 82 and 102 return to their original states. As a result, the neck retainer 65 is brought back into contact with the core fixing plate 56 by the return springs 74, and the injection core molds 50 and the neck cavity molds 60 are returned to their clamped state in preparation for the next injection molding.
[0081] The cooling and mold-opening steps described above carried out in the cooling and ejection station 16 only have to be finished within the time taken for the injection molding of the next, new preforms in the injection molding station 14 to finish, in other words within the injection molding cycle time. The preform 1 cooling time depends particularly on the thickness of the main body portions of the preforms 1, and the thicker the preforms 1 are the longer the cooling time that must be provided. In this embodiment this cooling time can be adjusted by setting the timing of the mold-opening of the injection core molds 50 in the cooling and ejection station 16 as well as by adjusting the cooling time in the injection molding station 14. As a result, even while the mold-release temperature in the injection molding station 14 is made high and the injection molding cycle time thereby shortened, because adjustment of the cooling time is easy, a highly flexible preform injection molding station can be provided.
[0082] After the preform 1 injection molding in the injection molding station 14 is completed, the injection core molds 50 and the neck cavity molds 60 in the two stations 14 and 16 are interchanged by the rotary wheel 30 being rotated through 180 degrees by the rotary actuator 32. In this embodiment, the rotary actuator 32 comprises a reversible rotary carrying means with a reciprocating direction of rotation for each transfer. As a result, even if the injection core molds 50 and the neck cavity molds 60 rotationally transferred have cooling pipes for circulating cooling medium therethrough connected thereto, these cooling pipes will not be twisted through more than one revolution. Consequently, it is possible to connect these cooling pipes to the molds without using rotary connectors and their construction does not become complicated.
(8) Blow-molding step
[0083] By connection of the preform injection molding apparatus to a blow-molding apparatus, the preforms 1 can be used, while still retaining the heat of injection molding, for blow-molding of bottles or other hollow objects by the so-called hot parison method.
[0084] In this case, the preforms 1 ejected from the cooling and ejection station 16 are taken by a support means which holds the neck and transferred to a blow-molding station. In the course of transfer to the blow-molding station, the temperature of the preforms 1 may be adjusted for desired thickness distribution.
[0085] In the blow-molding station, the preforms 1 are blow-molded into bottles by a means well known in the art. That is to say, each preform 1 is disposed within a blow cavity mold, and is stretched biaxially by a stretching rod and air blown from a blow core mold.
[0086] Because for the reasons discussed above the preforms 1 are given a uniform temperature or a suitable temperature distribution, it is possible to mold bottles of a desired thickness. Also, because whitening crystallization of the bottles is prevented, highly transparent bottles can be molded. The present invention is not limited to being applied to the hot parison blow molding method described above, and of course can also be applied to so-called cold parison blow molding wherein the preforms are returned to room temperature before being heated again and blow molded. In this case also, there is the effect that the injection molding cycle time can be shortened.
[0087] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modification can be made within the scope of the invention.
[0088] In the embodiment described above, the injection core molds 50 and neck cavity molds 60 are transferred by the rotary wheel 30, but for example in the case that the shape of the neck portion 2 does not form an undercut with respect to the mold-opening direction, the neck cavity molds 60 are not necessarily used. In this case, after separating the injection cavity mold 42 in the injection molding station 14, the preforms 1 can be transferred to the cooling and ejection station 16 by the injection core molds 50 alone. Since the preforms 1 shrink on cooling to adhere closely to the core pins 52 of the injection core molds 50, the release from the injection cavity mold 42 can be carried out smoothly, and even without an undercut in the neck portion 2, the preforms 1 can be transferred by the injection core molds 50.
[0089] In the cooling and ejection station 16, to release the preforms 1 from the injection core molds 50, the following method may for example be used. The core pins 52 of the injection core molds 50 are provided with a function to supply compressed air into the preforms 1 for the purposes of ejection. In this case, in the cooling and ejection station 16, after the preforms 1 have been cooled by the injection core molds 50, compressed air is supplied from the core pins 52, and this air pressure causes the preforms 1 to fall downward.
- a step in an injection molding station (14) of injection molding a preform (1) in clamped molds including an injection cavity mold (42) and an injection core mold (50) each of which has a cooling portion;
- a step in said injection molding station (14) of releasing said preform (1) from said injection cavity mold (42);
- a step of transferring said preform (1) while being cooled by said injection core mold (50) to a cooling and ejection station (16),
- a step in said cooling and ejection station (16) of cooling said preform (1) and
- in said injection molding step, said preform (1), which has a neck portion having
an undercut with respect to a direction of mold-opening, is injection molded using
a neck cavity mold (60) defining the outer surface of said neck portion, and said
neck cavity mold (60) comprises a split pair of molds (62a, 62b);
characterized in that
- in said transfer step and said cooling step in said cooling and ejection station (16), said preform (1) is cooled with said injection core mold (50) and cooling portions of said neck cavity mold (60) maintained in the clamped state;
- in said cooling and ejection station (16) said preform (1) is cooled by said injection core mold (50) and thereafter ejecting said preform (1) from said injection core mold (50) during an injection molding cycle for a next preform (1) in said injection molding station (42), and
- in said ejection step in said cooling and ejection station (16), said injection core mold (50) is separated from said neck cavity mold (60) by relative mold-opening driving through only a stroke sufficient to allow a space to open between said injection core mold (50) and the inner surface of said preform (1) held by said neck cavity mold (60), and thereafter said split pair of molds (62a, 62b) of said neck cavity mold (60) is driven to be separated, and said preform (1) is ejected.
in said preform ejection step, said injection core mold (50) remaining in said preform (1) prevents said preform (1) from adhering to either of said split pair of molds (62a, 62b) and moving therewith in the direction of driving said pair of split molds (62a, 62b) to be separated.
the cooling time of said preform (1) is adjusted by adjusting the timing of said relative mold-opening driving in said cooling and ejection station (16).
said injection core mold (50) and said neck cavity mold (60) together are reversibly rotated between said injection molding station (14) and said cooling and ejection station (16), which being separated by substantially 180 degrees, and said injection core mold (50) and said neck cavity mold (60) are transferred so as to be interchanged between said stations.
in said transfer step, said neck cavity mold (60) is held in contact with said injection core mold (50) by a return spring (74), maintaining the clamped state of both said molds;
in said cooling and ejection station (16), said neck cavity mold (60) holding said preform (1) is pulled away from said injection core mold (50) by an external force opposing the urging force of said return spring (74), so that said injection core mold (50) is separated from said preform (1).
the step of separating said injection cavity mold (42) is carried out after the formation of a skin layer on the outer surface of said preform (1) cooled by said injection cavity mold (42) sufficient to maintain the shape of said preform (1) after separation from said injection cavity mold (42).
in said cooling and ejection station (16), said preform (1) is ejected by blowing air from said injection core mold (50) within said preform (1).
a step of transferring said preform (1) to a blow-molding station while the heat of injection molding is retained; and
a step of blow-molding a hollow body from said preform (1), by disposing said preform (1) in a blow cavity mold, applying longitudinal stretching by means of a stretching rod, and introducing air from a blow core mold in said blow-molding station.
- injection core molds (50) disposed at positions corresponding to both of said stations, each of the injection core molds (50) having a cooling portion for cooling said preform (1);
- an interchange transfer means for interchanging said injection core molds (50) between said both stations;
- an injection cavity mold (42) adapted to be clamped with said injection core mold (50) disposed in said injection molding station (14), and having a cooling portion for cooling said preform (1),
- a mold clamping means operating to clamp said injection core mold (50) and injection cavity mold (42) in said injection molding station (14), and also operating to separate relatively said injection cavity mold (42) from said preform (1), and
- an ejection means, operating to eject said preform (1) from said injection core mold (50) after said preform (1) disposed in said cooling and ejection station (16) has been cooled by said injection core mold (50);
- a neck cavity mold (60) adapted to be clamped and opened relatively with said injection
core mold (50) is supported by said interchange transfer means, said neck cavity mold
(60) comprising a split pair of molds (62a, 62b) defining the outer surface of a neck
portion of said preform (1);
characterized in that
- said split pair of molds (62a, 62b) each have cooling portions;
- said interchange transfer means transfers said preform (1) having been injection molded to said cooling and ejection station (16) while said preform (1) is being cooled by said neck cavity mold (60) and said injection core mold (50); and
- said ejection means comprises:
- a mold opening means which operates to separate said neck cavity mold (60) relative to said injection core mold (50) through only a stroke sufficient to allow a space to open between said injection core mold (50) and an inner surface of said preform (1) held by said neck cavity mold (60), and
- a split mold opening means which after said neck cavity mold (60) has been subject to said relative mold-opening operates to separate said split pair of molds (62a, 62b) and eject said preform (1).
said interchange transfer means is a rotary wheel (30) executing intermittent rotary transfer of said injection core mold (50) between said injection molding station (14) and cooling and ejection station (16), which being disposed at rotary positions separated by substantially 180 degrees.
a return spring (74) which urges said neck cavity mold (60) against said injection core mold (50) and maintains both molds in the clamped state; and
wherein said mold opening means opposes the urging force of said return spring (74) and operates to separate said neck cavity mold (60) relative to said injection core mold (50).
two split plates (64a, 64b) supporting respective of said split pair of molds (62a, 62b) constituting said neck cavity mold (60);
a guide member guidably supporting said two split plates (64a, 64b) so as to be selectively contacted or separated, and to which said return spring (74) is attached;
a pressure plate disposed above said two split plates (64a, 64b) and
a driven shaft erected in the upward direction above said pressure plate and of such a length that an upper end of the driven shaft does not reach said rotary wheel (30);
and wherein said mold opening means comprises:
a through hole (30a) provided in said rotary wheel (30) in a position corresponding to said driven shaft;
a drive shaft having a lower end above said through hole (30a); and
a first drive means pressingly driving said drive shaft;
and by the operation of said first drive means, the lower end of said drive shaft, having passed through and below said through hole (30a) in said rotary wheel (30), pressingly drives said driven shaft, and opposing the urging force of said return spring (74) operates to separate said neck cavity mold (60) from said injection core mold (50).
said two split plates (64a, 64b) have wedge-shaped notch portions at opposing ends;
a vertically moving plate (86) is provided which moves vertically together with said drive shaft in response to operation of said first drive means; and
said split mold opening means comprises:
a second drive means mounted on said vertically moving plate (86); and
a cam plate driven downward by said second drive member, and having a wedge-shaped end portion which engages with said notch portions formed in said two split plates (64a, 64b).
said rotary wheel (30) is driven in a reciprocating rotary motion, and reverses the direction of rotary transfer for each operation.
- an injection core mold (50) having a core pin (52) which defines an inner surface of said preform (1) and cools said preform (1),
- a neck cavity mold (60) which consists of split molds (62a, 62b) and can be clamped
with said injection core mold (50) in a mold clamping direction, said split molds
(62a, 62b) defining an outer surface of said neck portion,
characterized in that
- said split molds (62a, 62b) of said neck cavity mold (60) each have cooling portions for cooling said neck portion,
- a neck fixing plate (64) is provided which consists of split plates (64a, 64b) for holding said split molds (62a, 62b) of said neck cavity mold (60), and
- a guide member is provided which slidably supports said neck fixing plate (64) and can be opened in a mold-opening direction of said neck cavity mold (60).
a first guide member which slidably supports at least a part of underside of said neck fixing plate (64),
a second guide member which slidably supports at least a part of top surface of said neck fixing plate (64),
an urging means for urging said first guide member in the mold clamping direction, and
a mold-opening means which is pressed by an ejection means provided to an upper portion of said transfer means to separate said neck cavity mold (60) from said injection core mold (50).
- einem Verfahrensschritt des Spritzgießens eines Vorformlings (1) in einer Spritzgießstation (14) in gespannten Formen, welche eine Spritzgießhohlform (42) und eine Spritzgießkernform (50) jeweils mit einem Kühlabschnitt aufweisen,
- einem Verfahrensschritt des Lösens des Vorformlings (1) aus der Spritzgießhohlform (42) in der Spritzgießstation (14),
- einem Verfahrensschritt des Transportierens des Vorformlings (1) zu einer Kühl- und Auswurfstation (16) während er mit der Spritzgießkernform (50) gekühlt wird,
- einem Verfahrensschritt des Kühlens des Vorformslings (1) in der Kühl- und Auswurfstation (16), und
- wobei der Vorformling (1), welcher einen Halsbereich mit einer Hinterschneidung
in bezug auf eine Richtung zum Öffnen der Form aufweist, im Verfahrensschritt des
Spritzgießens unter Verwendung einer die Außenfläche des Halsbereichs definierenden
Halshohlform (60) spritzgegossen wird, und die Halshohlform (60) ein Formhälftenpaar
(62a, 62b) aufweist;
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
- daß bei dem Verfahrensschritt des Transportierens und dem Verfahrensschritt des Kühlens in der Kühl- und Auswurfstation (16) der Vorformling (1) mit der Spritzgießkernform (50) und Kühlabschnitten der im gespannten Zustand gehaltenen Halshohlform (60) gekühlt wird;
- daß während eines Spritzgießtaktes für einen nächsten Vorformling (1) in der Spritzgießstation (42) der Vorformling (1) in der Kühl- und Auswurfstation (16) mit der Spritzgießkernform (50) gekühlt und der Vorformling (1) anschließend ausgeworfen wird, und
- daß bei dem Verfahrensschritt des Auswerfens in der Kühl- und Auswurfstation (16) die Spritzgießkernform (50) durch relatives Öffnen der Form von der Halshohlform (60) getrennt wird, das durch einen einzigen Hub betrieben wird, der ausreicht, um einen Zwischenraum zwischen der Spritzgießkernform (50) und der Innenfläche des Vorformlings (1), der mit der Halshohlform (60) gehalten ist, entstehen zu lassen, und dann wird das Formhälftenpaar (62a, 62b) der Halshohlform (60) angetrieben, um getrennt zu werden, und der Vorformling (1) wird ausgeworfen.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die bei dem Verfahrensschritt des Auswerfens im Vorformling (1) verbleibende Spritzgießkernform (50) verhindert, daß der Vorformling (1) an einer der zwei Formhälften (62a, 62b) haften bleibt und sich damit in die Bewegungsrichtung der zwei zu trennenden Formhälften (62a, 62b) bewegt.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Dauer des Kühlens des Vorformlings (1) durch Einstellen des Zeitpunktes der relativen Bewegung zum Öffnen der Form in der Kühl- und Auswurfstation (16) eingestellt wird.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Spritzgießkernform (50) und die Halshohlform (60) gemeinsam reversibel zwischen der Spritzgießstation (40) und der Kühl- und Auswurfstation (16), die im wesentlichen 180° auseinanderliegen,
gedreht werden, und daß die Spritzgießkernform (50) und die Halshohlform (60) derart transportiert werden, daß sie zwischen den Stationen ausgetauscht werden.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß bei dem Verfahrensschritt des Transportierens die Halshohlform (60) mit der Spritzgießkernform (50) mittels einer den Spannzustand der beiden Formen aufrechterhaltenden Rückstellfeder (74) in Kontakt gehalten wird,
daß in der Kühl- und Auswurfstation (16) die den Vorformling (1) haltende Halshohlform (60) mit einer der Druckkraft der Rückstellfeder (74) entgegenwirkenden äußeren Kraft von der Spritzgießkernform (50) weggezogen wird, so daß die Spritzgießkernform (50) von dem Vorformling (1) getrennt wird.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Verfahrensschritt des Trennens der Spritzgießhohlform (42) nach der Bildung einer Hautschicht an der Außenfläche des mit der Spritzgießhohlform (42) hinreichend gekühlten Vorformlings (1) durchgeführt wird, um die Form des Vorformlings (1) nach dem Trennen von der Spritzgießhohlform (42) aufrechtzuhalten.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Vorformling (1) in der Kühl- und Auswurfstation (16) ausgeworfen wird, indem Luft aus der Spritzgießkernform (50) in das Innere des Vorformlings (1) geblasen wird.
einem Verfahrensschritt des Transportierens des Vorformlings zu einer Blasformungsstation während die Hitze des Spritzgießens gespeichert bleibt, und
einem Verfahrensschritt des Blasformens eines Hohlkörpers aus einem Vorformling (1), durch Anordnen des Vorformlings (1) in einer Blashohlform, Strecken in Längsrichtung mittels einer Streckstange, und Einleiten von Luft aus einer Blaskernform in die Blasformungsstation.
- Spritzgießkernformen (50), die an den beiden Stationen entsprechenden Positionen angeordnet sind, wobei jede der Spritzgießkernformen (50) einen Kühlabschnitt zum Kühlen des Vorformlings (1) aufweist,
- eine Austausch-Transporteinrichtung zum Austauschen der Spritzgießkernformen (50) zwischen den beiden Stationen,
- eine Spritzgießhohlform (42), die zum Spannen mit der in der Spritzgießstation (14) angeordneten Spritzgießkernform (50) geeignet ist, und einen Kühlabschnitt zum Kühlen des Vorformlings (1) aufweist,
- eine Einrichtung zum Spannen der Form, um die Spritzgießkernform (50) und die Spritzgießhohlform (42) in der Spritzgießstation (14) zu spannen, sowie die Spritzgießhohlform (42) relativ zu dem Vorformling (1) zu trennen, und
- eine Auswurfeinrichtung zum Auswerfen des Vorformlings (1) aus der Spritzgießkernform (50) nachdem der in der Kühl- und Auswurfstation (16) angeordnete Vorformling (1) mit der Spritzgießkernform (50) gekühlt wurde,
- eine Halshohlform (60), die zum Spannen geeignet ist und relativ zu der Spritzgießkernform
(50) geöffnet wird, die mit der Austausch-Transporteinrichtung gehalten wird, wobei
die Halshohlform (60) zwei Formhälften (62a, 62b) aufweist, die die Außenfläche eines
Halsabschnitts des Vorformlings (1) definieren,
aufweist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
- daß die zwei Formhälften (62a, 62b) jeweils Kühlabschnitte aufweisen;
- daß die Austausch-Transporteinrichtung den spritzgegossenen Vorformling (1) zu der Kühl- und Auswurfstation (16) transportiert, während der Vorformling (1) mit der Halshohlform (60) und der Spritzgießkernform (50) gekühlt wird; und
- daß die Auswurfeinrichtung aufweist:
- eine Einrichtung zum Öffnen der Form, die zum Trennen der Halshohlform (60) relativ zu der Spritzgießkernform (50) durch einen einzigen Hub betrieben wird, der ausreicht, um einen Zwischenraum zwischen der Spritzgießkernform (50) und einer Innenfläche des mit der Halshohlform (60) gehaltenen Vorformlings (1) entstehen zu lassen, und
- eine Einrichtung zum Öffnen der Formhälften, die zum Trennen der zwei Formhälften (62a, 62b) und Auswerfen des Vorformlings (1) betrieben wird, nachdem die Halshohlform (60) dem relativen Öffnen der Form unterworfen wurde.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Austausch-Transporteinrichtung eine Rotationsscheibe (30) ist, welche einen intermittierenden Rotationstransport der Spritzgießkernform (50) zwischen der Spritzgießstation (14) und der Kühl- und Auswurfstation (16) ausführt, welche an im wesentlichen um 180° versetzten Rotationspositionen angeordnet sind.
- einer Rückstellfeder (74), welche die Halshohlform (60) gegen die Spritzgießkernform (50) drückt und beide Formen im gespannten Zustand hält, und
- wobei die Einrichtung zum Öffnen der Form der Druckkraft der Rückstellfeder (74) entgegenwirkt und ein Trennen der Halshohlform (60) relativ zu der Spritzgießkernform (50) bewirkt.
- zwei geteilten Platten (64a, 64b), zum Tragen der jeweiligen zwei Formhälften (62a, 62b), welche die Halshohlform (60) bilden,
- einem Führungsglied, welches die zwei geteilten Platten (64a, 64b) gleitend so trägt, daß sie wahlweise kontaktiert oder getrennt werden, und an welchem die Rückstellfeder (74) angebracht ist,
- einer Druckplatte, die oberhalb der zwei getrennten Platten (64a, 64b) angeordnet ist, und
- einer nach oben sich erstreckenden angetriebenen Welle oberhalb der Druckplatte
und von solch einer Länge, daß ein oberes Ende der angetriebenen Welle nicht zu der
Rotationsscheibe (30) reicht,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
- daß die Einrichtung zum Öffnen der Form aufweist: ein Durchgangsloch (30a), das in der Rotationsscheibe (30) an einer der angetriebenen Welle entsprechenden Position vorgesehen ist, eine Antriebswelle mit einem unteren Ende oberhalb des Durchgangslochs (30a), und eine erste Antriebseinrichtung, welche die Antriebswelle durch Ausüben von Druck antreibt, und
- daß durch Betätigen der ersten Antriebseinrichtung, welche die Antriebswelle durch Ausüben von Druck antreibt, das untere Ende der Antriebswelle durch das Loch (30a) und in die Rotationsscheibe (30) darunter gelangt, und indem es der Druckkraft der Rückstellfeder (74) entgegenwirkt, ein Trennen der Halshohlform (60) von der Spritzgießkernform (50) bewirkt.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß zwei getrennte Platten (64a, 64b) an gegenüberliegenden Enden keilförmige Bereiche mit Kerben aufweisen; daß eine vertikal bewegbare Platte (86) vorgesehen ist, welche als Reaktion auf die Betätigung der ersten Antriebseinrichtung sich zusammen mit der Antriebswelle vertikal bewegt; und
daß die Einrichtung zum Öffnen der Formhälften aufweist:
eine zweite Antriebseinrichtung, die an der vertikal bewegbaren Platte (86) montiert ist, und
eine Nockenplatte, die mit dem zweiten Antriebsglied nach unten bewegt wird, und welche einen keilförmigen Endbereich aufweist, welcher mit den in den zwei geteilten Platten (64a, 64b) ausgebildeten Bereichen mit Kerben eingreift.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Rotationsscheibe (30) in einer Hin- und Her-Rotationsbewegung angetrieben wird und die Richtung des Rotationstransports für jeden Arbeitsgang umkehrt.
- einer Spritzgießkernform (50) mit einem Kernlochstift (52), welcher eine Innenfläche des Vorformlings (1) definiert und den Vorformling (1) kühlt,
- eine Halshohlform (60), welche Formhälften (62a, 62b) aufweist und mit der Spritzgießkernform
(50) in eine Richtung zum Spannen der Form gespannt werden kann, wobei die Formhälften
(62a, 62b) eine Außenfläche des Halsbereichs definieren,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
- daß die Formhälften (62a, 62b) der Halshohlform (60) jeweils Kühlabschnitte zum Kühlen des Halsbereichs aufweisen,
- daß eine Halsfesthalteplatte (64) vorgesehen ist, welche zwei geteilte Platten (64a, 64b) zum Halten der Formhälften (62a, 62b) der Halshohlform (60) aufweist, und
- daß eine Führungsglied vorgesehen ist, welches die Halsfesthalteplatte (64) gleitend trägt, die in eine Richtung zum Öffnen der Halsshohlform (60) geöffnet werden kann.
einer Drückeinrichtung zum Drücken der Halshohlform (60) in die Richtung zum Spannen der Form.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Drückeinrichtung ein Federmittel (74) aufweist, welches das Führungsglied in die Richtung zum Spannen der Form drückt.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Drückeinrichtung einen druckerzeugenden Zylinder aufweist, welcher das Führungsglied in die Richtung zum Spannen der Form drückt.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Führungsglied aufweist:
ein erstes Führungsglied, welches zumindest einen Teil der Unterseite der Halsfesthalteplatte (64) gleitend trägt,
ein zweites Führungsglied, welches zumindest einen Teil der Oberseite der Halsfesthalteplatte (64) gleitend trägt,
eine Drückeinrichtung zum Drücken des ersten Führungsgliedes in die Richtung zum Spannen der Form, und
eine Einrichtung zum Öffnen der Form, welche mit
einer Auswurfeinrichtung, die an einem oberen Bereich der Transporteinrichtung vorgesehen ist, gedrückt wird, um die Halshohlform (60) von der Spritzgießkernform (50) zu trennen.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Einrichtung zum Öffnen der Form, welche die Halshohlform (60) von der Spritzgießform (50) trennt, an dem zweiten Führungsglied vorgesehen ist und eine angetriebene Stange aufweist, die sich unterhalb der Transportglieder erstreckt.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die angetriebene Stange die Halshohlform (60) relativ zu der Spritzgießhohlform (42) durch einen einzigen Hub trennt, der ausreicht, um einen Zwischenraum zwischen der Spritzgießkernform (50) und der Innenfläche des mit der Halshohlform (60) gehaltenen Vorformlings (1) entstehen zu lassen.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die geteilten Platten (64a, 64b) an gegenüberliegenden Enden keilförmige Bereiche mit Kerben aufweisen.
- dans un poste (14) de moulage par injection, une étape de moulage par injection d'une préforme (1) dans des moules accouplés comprenant un moule formant cavité d'injection (42) et un moule formant noyau d'injection (50), dont chacun comporte une partie de refroidissement;
- dans ledit poste (14) de moulage par injection, une étape de dégagement de ladite préforme (1) dudit moule formant cavité d'injection (42);
- une étape de transfert de ladite préforme (1) pendant qu'elle est refroidie par ledit moule formant noyau d'injection (50) jusqu'à un poste (16) de refroidissement et d'éjection;
- dans ledit poste (16) de refroidissement et d'éjection, une étape de refroidissement de ladite préforme (1), et
- au cours de ladite étape de moulage par injection ladite préforme (1), qui comporte
une partie col pourvue d'une contre-dépouille par rapport à la direction d'ouverture
du moule, est moulée par injection à l'aide d'an moule formant cavité de col (60)
qui définit la surface extérieure de ladite partie col, et ledit moule formant cavité
de col (60) comprend une paire de demi-moules (62a, 62b);
caractérisé en ce que:
- au cours de ladite étape de transfert et de ladite étape de refroidissement dans ledit poste (16) de refroidissement et d'éjection, ladite préforme (1) est refroidie avec ledit moule formant noyau d'injection (50) et des parties de refroidissement dudit moule formant cavité de col (60) maintenus à l'état accouplé;
- dans ledit poste (16) de refroidissement et d'éjection, ladite préforme (1) est refroidie par ledit moule formant noyau d'injection (50) puis ladite préforme (1) est éjectée dudit moule formant noyau d'injection (50) pendant un cycle de moulage par injection d'une préforme suivante (1) dans ledit poste (42) de moulage par injection, et
- au cours de ladite étape d'éjection dans ledit poste (16) de refroidissement et d'éjection, ledit moule formant noyau d'injection (50) est séparé dudit moule formant cavité de col (60) par un entraînement d'ouverture relative du moule sur une course juste suffisante pour permettre l'ouverture d'un espace entre ledit moule formant noyau d'injection (50) et la surface intérieure de ladite préforme (1) maintenue par ledit moule formant cavité de col (60), puis lesdits deux demimoules (62a, 62b) dudit moule formant cavité de col (60) sont entraînés de manière à être séparés, et ladite préforme (1) est éjectée.
- au cours de ladite étape de transfert, ledit moule formant cavité de col (60) est maintenu en contact avec ledit moule formant noyau d'injection (50) par un ressort de rappel (74) maintenant l'état accouplé des deux moules précités;
- dans ledit poste (16) de refroidissement et d'éjection, ledit moule formant cavité de col (60) qui supporte ladite préforme (1) est tiré à l'écart dudit moule formant noyau d'injection (50) par une force extérieure s'opposant à la force de poussée dudit ressort de rappel (74), de sorte que ledit moule formant noyau d'injection (50) est séparé de ladite préforme (1).
- une étape de transfert de ladite préforme à un poste de soufflage en moule alors qu'est maintenue la chaleur de moulage par injection; et
- une étape de soufflage en moule d'un corps creux à partir de ladite préforme (1), par mise en place de ladite préforme (1) dans un moule formant cavité de soufflage, application d'un étirage longitudinal au moyen d'un poinçon de distension, et introduction d'air depuis un moule formant noyau de soufflage dans ledit poste de soufflage en moule.
- des moules formant noyaux d'injection (50) disposés à des endroits correspondant aux deux postes précités, chacun des moules formant noyaux d'injection (50) comportant une partie de refroidissement pour refroidir ladite préforme (1);
- un moyen de transfert et échange mutuel destiné à interchanger lesdits moules formant noyaux d'injection (50) entre les deux postes précités;
- un moule formant cavité d'injection (42), qui peut être accouplé avec ledit moule formant noyau d'injection (50) disposé dans ledit poste (14) de moulage par injection et qui comporte une partie de refroidissement pour refroidir ladite préforme (1);
- un moyen d'accouplement de moule agissant de manière à accoupler ledit moule formant noyau d'injection (50) et ledit moule formant cavité d'injection (42) dans ledit poste (14) de moulage par injection, et agissant également de manière à séparer relativement ledit moule formant cavité d'injection (42) de ladite préforme (1), et
- un moyen d'éjection, agissant de manière à éjecter ladite préforme (1) dudit moule formant noyau d'injection (50) après que ladite préforme (1) disposée dans ledit poste (16) de refroidissement et d'éjection a été refroidie par ledit moule formant noyau d'injection (50);
- un moule formant cavité de col (60), qui peut être accouplé et ouvert relativement
avec ledit moule formant noyau d'injection (50), est supporté par ledit moyen de transfert
et échange mutuel, ledit moule formant cavité de col (60) comprenant une paire de
demi-moules (62a, 62b) qui définissent la surface extérieure d'une partie col de ladite
préforme (1);
caractérisé en ce que :
- les demi-moules (62a, 62b) de ladite paire comportent chacun des parties de refroidissement;
- ledit moyen de transfert et échange mutuel transfère ladite préforme (1) qui a été moulée par injection audit poste (16) de refroidissement et d'éjection pendant que ladite préforme (1) est refroidie par ledit moule formant cavité de col (60) et par ledit moule formant noyau d'injection (50); et
- ledit moyen d'éjection comprend :
- un moyen d'ouverture de moule qui agit de manière à séparer ledit moule formant cavité de col (60) dudit moule formant noyau d'injection (50) sur une course juste suffisante pour permettre l'ouverture d'un espace entre ledit moule formant noyau d'injection (50) et une surface intérieure de ladite préforme (1) retenue par ledit moule formant cavité de col (60), et
- un moyen d'ouverture de moule en deux parties qui, après que ledit moule formant cavité de col (60) a été soumis à ladite ouverture de moule relative, agit de manière à séparer ladite paire de demi-moules (62a, 62b) et à éjecter ladite préforme (1).
- deux demi-plaques (64a, 64b) supportant ladite paire de demi-moules respectifs (62a, 62b) qui constituent ledit moule formant cavité de col (60);
- un élément de guidage supportant de façon guidée les deux demi-plaques (64a, 64b) de manière qu'elles soient sélectivement en contact ou séparées, et auquel ledit ressort de rappel (74) est fixé;
- une plaque de pression disposée au-dessus des deux demi-plaques (64a, 64b), et
- un arbre mené, dressé vers le haut au-dessus de ladite plaque de pression et ayant
une longueur telle que l'extrémité supérieure de l'arbre mené n'atteint pas ladite
roue rotative (30);
et dans lequel ledit moyen d'ouverture de moule comprend :
- un trou traversant (30a) formé dans ladite roue rotative (30); en une position correspondant audit arbre mené;
- un arbre d'entraînement dont l'extrémité inférieure se trouve au-dessus dudit trou traversant (30a); et
- un premier moyen d'entraînement entraînant ledit arbre d'entraînement, de manière qu'il exerce une pression et que, par suite du fonctionnement dudit premier moyen d'entraînement, l'extrémité inférieure dudit arbre d'entraînement, ayant traversé ledit trou traversant (30a) de ladite roue rotative (30) et se trouvant en dessous, entraîne, de manière qu'il exerce une pression, ledit arbre mené et, en s'opposant à la force de poussée dudit ressort de rappel (74), agit de manière à séparer ledit moule formant cavité de col (60) dudit moule formant noyau d'injection (50).
- lesdites deux demi-plaques (64a, 64b) comportent des parties encochées en forme de coins à leurs extrémités opposées;
- une plaque (86) à déplacement vertical se déplace verticalement conjointement avec ledit arbre d'entraînement en réponse au fonctionnement dudit premier moyen d'entraînement; et
- ledit moyen d'ouverture de moule en deux parties comprend:
- un deuxième moyen d'entraînement monté sur ladite plaque (86) à déplacement vertical; et
- une plaque formant came entraînée vers le bas par ledit deuxième moyen d'entraînement, et comportant une partie d'extrémité en forme de coin qui coopère avec lesdites parties encochées formées dans les deux demi-plaques (64a, 64b).
- un moule formant noyau d'injection (50) comportant un poinçon (52) qui définit une surface intérieure de ladite préforme (1) et refroidit ladite préforme (1),
- un moule formant cavité de col (60) qui consiste en deux demi-moules (62a, 62b)
et qui peut être accouplé avec ledit moule formant noyau d'injection (50) dans une
direction d'accouplement de moule, lesdits demi-moules (62a, 62b) définissant une
surface extérieure de ladite partie col,
caractérisé en ce que :
- lesdits demi-moules (62a, 62b) dudit moule formant cavité de col (60) comportent chacun des parties de refroidissement pour refroidir ladite partie col,
- une plaque (64) de fixation de col est présente et consiste en des demi-plaques (64a, 64b) destinées à supporter lesdits demi-moules (62a, 62b) dudit moule formant cavité de col (60), et
- un élément de guidage est présent, supporte de façon coulissante ladite plaque (64) de fixation de col et peut être ouvert dans une direction d'ouverture de moule dudit moule formant cavité de col (60).
- un premier élément de guidage qui supporte de façon coulissante une partie au moins de la face de dessous de ladite plaque (64) de fixation de col,
- un deuxième élément de guidage qui supporte de façon coulissante une partie au moins de la face de dessus de ladite plaque (64) de fixation de col,
- un moyen de poussée destiné à pousser ledit premier élément de guidage dans la direction d'accouplement de moule, et
- un moyen d'ouverture de moule qui est poussé par un moyen d'éjection disposé en une partie supérieure dudit moyen de transfert pour séparer ledit moule formant cavité de col (60) dudit moule formant noyau d'injection (50).