Whole of tiles, fluting and coping, with a double waterproofing body and both a transversal and longitudinal overlap

Abstract

 The whole forms a module of various tiles united by an element of hollow ceramic piece, this being formed by a base support platform (3) with a plurality of upwardly vertical partitions (4) where each pair and in an alternate manner form support for a curved coping tile (2) and for an intercalated fastening of a curved fluting tile (1), leaving alternately situated such tiles (1,2), fluting and coping, on a higher plane. The hollows (10) formed by the tiles (1,2), partitions (4) and lower platform (3) are open at the front and at the back fixing ventilation and insulating chambers. The wholes can overlap laterally and longitudinally, forming a continuity and making up a roof. From the lower face of the platform (3) partitions (4) emerge, in opposition to the uppers with a progressive diminishing in height from the extreme anterior to the posterior to form continuous supports of each module on the surface of the roof. The fluting tiles (1) can be plane.

Description

[0001] In the building world the tile is one of least evolutionised but most solid products in terms of the breadth of its uses and tasks.

[0002] From ancient times there exists a great variety, nearly all of them being deep-rooted in their different areas of impact.

[0003] But nowadays specific materials (insulators, waterproof seals) have appeared that seek to replace the traditional ones, thereby relegating them to an aesthetic end.

[0004] In this way there now exists a clear struggle between the new and the established products that, in the case of the tile, results in it only having an architectural style purpose - because it has an irreplaceable tradition - and is dependent on the technical solutions of the new specific products.

[0005] This situation responds to the supposed efficiency lack of tiles as the only solution to the necessities of a roof. But above all, this substitution comes from the need of our society to use arguments of profitability to justify the application of various products where traditionally only one was used.

[0006] The aim, however, of the present patent is to obtain a product that, with the simplicity of the traditional product, has the qualities introduced by those newly appeared, avoiding the use of a sum of products that would lead us to a clear increase in the cost.

[0007] In this way, the whole of tiles that concern us should resolve, with great efficiency, the waterproofing problems of the roof, entirely avoiding the negative incidents of the effects of the wind, the mobility, the capillarity, the lack of resistance, and at the same time, respond to the insulation, instalation and the maintenance.

[0008] We are going to define and analyse the distinct characteristics that a roof should have and what is its technical state.

[0009] In this way the primary function of a roof is to collect the rainwater and drain it completely to avoid water leakage into the interior of the building.

[0010] This function should be unified to the whole of tiles on a roof, that is , there should be an interaction between the work of each one of them. Each tile collects the water from the preceeding tile, and the water then flows over it until it reaches the next one.

[0011] To achieve this end, in all the different kinds of tiles, an overlapping has been defined that, with the help of the covering slope, permits the drainage from one tile to another.

[0012] The overlapping should cover the union of the tiles both transversally and longitudinally, or phrased in another way, it should cover as much between the courses (horizontal disposition of the tiles) as between the lines (vertical disposition).

[0013] For the tiles with reliefs or waves, the common overlap is the superposition of the transversal and longitudinal tiles. For the plane tiles the overlap is only made between the edges, as it is necessary that a line of the tiles overlap to the two immediate predecessors (respecting the slope), to achieve what is commonly called "to kill two birds with one stone ".

[0014] In both cases the correct overlap (specified in due form) will stop , whatever the causes , the water from being able to leak through the roof.

[0015] But it is true that frequently this function breaks down for reasons that have yet to be fully resolved.

[0016] The most important of these reasons is the movement of the tiles (because of wind action, birds or even of maintenance) that uncovers the overlaps or is the cause of breaks. Another, very frequent one, although not solely attributed to the tile, is poor instalation (bad props, the squares incorrectly dealt with, or incorrect fastening). Also the passing of time , ice, fabrication defects, are all negative influences.

[0017] With this whole of tile being the object of this patent, we offer the only tile that includes a double protection of the waterproofing face to combat these problems.

[0018] The solutions that come with this are common in whatever other tile, but for those cases that, as we have seen, could have leakage, there exists a second level of overlapping that acts entirely as a second independent covering which, can also protect against the weather.
In this whole of tiles a single piece, made in huequeria (hollow ceramic piece), the upper face that corresponds to the first covering of the primary roof body has its overlappings defined and also incorporates the true aesthetic of the tile, as far as it is its visible face.

[0019] Below this, the interior chambers defined by the hollow ceramic piece have the propriety of being ventilation chambers, which considerably favour the dryness of the tiles and notably help with the waterproofing.

[0020] There exist predecessors of tiles in hollow ceramic piece such as the " brick tile ", the " insulating tile " or the " hollow extruding tile ".

[0021] The base of the piece , which is plane to help the support (where some grooves in the lateral arrises can be made to mount the tiles directly on the joints), functions as an authentic second roof, with full capacity to drain the water which has leaked from the upper faces of the pieces.

[0022] This draining capacity is attained by a characteristic overlapping of the surface, defined by a prolongation of the sole of the posterior part of the tile and in this way the sole of the upper tile can be assembled above this prolongation. In this case the longitudinal (or between the lines) overlapping is not necessary but establishes a corrugation of its own to induce the flow of water through the central zone of the sole.

[0023] In being a characteristic of double waterproofing that most solidly defines this product the whole of tiles that we are dealing with have other very interesting properties, one of which, an absolute novelty, will be commented on at the end.

[0024] The first of these is the great resistance of the pieces. On being made from hollow ceramic piece they have a structure which absorbs whatever force or pressure used against them. This is strengthened by the good support on top of the board.

[0025] Another considerable advantage is the direct setting, that defines the passage of the tile, that is, the longitude mount of the tiles, less its overlap. This permits a very simple reopening and a fastening without nails or joining materials.

[0026] The insulation is a new advantage of this whole of tiles. Although it is a single piece, it includes ventilation chambers, which give it an intermediate air passage that works as the same time as the insulation. And not being airtight the air cannot heat them.

[0027] The hollow ceramic pieces are known for their use of insulating packing materials.This is unviable in the fabrication of tiles, because the ventilation qualities , a far more important function , would be lost.

[0028] Only the " insulating tile " shares these three last advantages with the whole of tiles that we are now presenting.

[0029] But, as has already been anticipated, this whole of tiles has one more exclusive advantage, and an absolute novelty.

[0030] All the tiles with waves aesthetically imitate the so-called " Arab " or " Roman ". Their design tries to reproduce the visual effect of the combination of fluting and coping tiles.

[0031] In this way, the mixed tile or " Roman" type has a defined curved fluting part and a plane coping part.

[0032] The concrete tiles present different combination profiles of two parts fluting and two parts coping.

[0033] But neither of these two achieve aesthetic independence from their distinctive pieces. Both stay within the continuity of their line that varies in length, no doubt, obliged by the determinants of the stacked overlapping.

[0034] The only progress in its pretension is to try and emphasize the shadows that reproduce the deep characteristic of the distinct superplaced pieces.

[0035] In the whole of tiles now invented, it is possible to make the fluting and the coping pieces clearly independent in terms of the aesthetic, keeping the join between them defined by the aforementioned element of the hollow ceramic piece and which remains hidden beneath the whole of tiles.

[0036] The key to this advance is that the overlapping is made facing or pointing towards the pieces on the same longitudinal plane, not vertically as they do in all other types of tiles.

[0037] Also, the design of a new form of cutting, a combination of wire cutting and blade cutting, permits the volumetric cut that this whole of tiles requires.

[0038] As can be seen from everything described up until now, this invented whole of tiles opens a new industrial path (tiles of hollow ceramic pieces with a double level of overlapping), present unknown advantages for tiles.

[0039] Where nowadays complementary materials of insulation and waterproofing and joining and fixing materials are used or, on the contrary, where traditional products of limited characteristics are available, the employment of this complete and single whole of tiles, with its low productive cost and instalation ease, all the problems related to roofs are integrally solved.

[0040] In as much as the aesthetics which can be developed with this patent the possibilities are endless.The freedom to use different pieces and profiles, from plane ones to wholes of total curvature, gives us total aesthetic independence.

[0041] To round off the description and with the object of helping a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, we are going to make a detailed description accompanied by a set of drawings, and where with a merely orientative object the following is shown:

[0042] Figure 1 shows a posterior elevated view of the whole of tiles made according to a form preferred by the invention, which includes two fluting tiles and two coping tiles.

[0043] Figure 2 shows an upper plan view of the whole of tiles represented in the previous figure.

[0044] Figure 3 shows a lateral elevated view of the same whole of tiles.

[0045] Figure 4 shows a lateral elevated view of two longitudinally overlapped modules or wholes.

[0046] Figure 5 shows a plan view of the overlapping of the two wholes represented in the last figure.

[0047] As can be seen from the figures, the module or whole of curved tiles, preferably of " Arab" type, is made up of one or more fluting tiles (1) and one or more coping tiles (2). All of them form part of a lower element of the hollow ceramic piece which is determined by a lower supporting platform (3) and a series of vertical partitions (4) which emerge from that platform.That is to say,(4) every two of them remain close to each other, and the two most distant in respect to the other two adjacent. This means that the upper edges of the nearest partitions make up half the support for the coping tiles (2), so that the fluting tiles (1) remain situated between the most distant partitions. This gives alternate levels of fluting tiles and coping tiles, which is normal in the roofs with curved tiles.

[0048] Each whole or module of tiles, which will include at least one fluting tile (1) and one coping tile (2), presents a lateral plane (5) and whose height and upper edge will correspond to the lateral edge of a fluting tile (1), whereas that of the other lateral (6) of the whole has the plane part of the lateral opposite and also one part in the projecting lateral (7) of the corresponding coping tile (2).

[0049] On the other hand, the module constituted in this way previously presents an upper projection (8), determined as a consequence that both the fluting tiles (1) and the coping tiles (2) overlap in respect to their own anterior edge of the partitions (4). All this has the objective of making possible the longitudinal projection of the modules or wholes form a continuity, as can be seen in the figures 4 and 5. Also, a type of visor overlaps the posterior edge of the platform (3), sticks out a visor (9) which helps the contiguous longitudinal module avoid possible leakages when water flows along the fluting tiles(1).

[0050] The hollow spaces (10) determined by the partitions (4), tiles (1) and (2) and the platform (3) constitute a ventilation chamber to avoid the condensation and moistness that could originate from the porosity of the ceramic material used. It also forms an efficient insulating medium.

[0051] In the lateral overlapping of the wholes and modules, the lateral (5) of one will lean against the lateral (6) of the other, while its projecting lateral (7) will remain above it partially covering a wide upper band of the fluting tile (1) from the other module or whole. That is to say, the tiles will stay laid out as if they were of the same module or whole. In that case it depends on more than one pair as has occurred in the realization.

[0052] In short, it could be said that the object of the invention is no other than to supply the market with a unit of various joined tiles with an element of lower hollow ceramic pieces.

[0053] Nevertheless, there exist risks of breaks during fabrication of the whole, due to the corresponding to the fluting and coping tiles.

[0054] Likewise, the supports for the tiles on the surface of the roof, in some cases are only made to support the extreme or posterior edge, and as the anterior support in the immediate anterior in the tile is the classic form of support, tile breaks are frequent. Also no uniformity exists in the forces produced in the supports, since there normally exists a decomposition of the forces that could produce movements of the tile, on having unequal support.

[0055] All these inconveniences are resolved by a variant of the described whole.

[0056] This variant, consists in that the support of each module on the surface of the roof, functions by means of lower longitudinal ribs, that decrease progressively in height from the anterior edge to the posterior edge of the module. A rib corresponds to each partition included in the module. This new characteristic gives the unit an uniformity in support and a greater resistance, avoiding cracks and possible movements. Another variant consists in that the fluting tiles, instead of being concave, are formed from a plane part extending between the two corresponding partitions, which also provides a greater resistance to cracking, in the process of fabrication.

[0057] This and other characteristics, such as the windows and features derived from the same, will be better understood in the description which is going to be carried out shortly with the help of the figures 6, 7, 8, and 9.

[0058] Figure 6 shows an elevated posterior view of a module or whole of tiles which includes two fluting tiles and two coping tiles.

[0059] Figure 7 shows a view plan of the same module or whole of tiles represented in the preceeding figure.

[0060] Figure 8 shows an elevated lateral view of the module or whole represented in the preceeding figures.

[0061] Figure 9 finally shows the elevated lateral view of the longitudinal overlapping between two modules or wholes, as its represented in previous figures.

[0062] As can be observed, the whole or module, that defines the curved tile, " Arab " type, includes a lower platform (11), rectangular and plane, from whose upper face pairs of ribs (12) emerge vertically. Depending on the number of tiles there will be one pair, two pairs or more. We can see included a pair of central ribs (12), a pair of ribs (12') in a lateral and a rib of greater height (12''), in the opposite lateral.

[0063] The distance between the ribs (12) or (12') of each pair is reduced, whereas the distance of each one of those in respect to the corresponding contiguous rib to another pair is considerably greater.

[0064] Between the ribs (12) or (12') of each pair a plane surface determines the fluting tiles (13), whereas between the rib (12) of one pair and the rib (12') of the other, or put better between the other rib (12) and the rib (12'') of the opposite lateral, the coping tiles are determined (14).

[0065] The fluting tile (13) of a lateral is at the top of a ledge (15) to stop water escaping towards the lateral, whereas the coping tile (14) of the opposite lateral overlaps in a small projection (16) all along the module or whole.

[0066] Corresponding to the previously cited ribs, and in opposition to them, other ribs have been anticipated (17) that emerge from the lower face of the platform (11), ribs (17), that get progressively smaller from the extreme anterior to the extreme posterior, and in this fusing with the edge of the platform (11).

[0067] Such ribs (17) constitute the support of the tile module or whole on the surface (18) of the roof, proportioning the correct stabilisation and inclined support to the module on this surface (18).

[0068] For the anterior parts that form the fluting tiles (13) and the coping tiles (14) a projection juts out to permit the transversal overhanging,(19) whereas the longitudinal overlapping is achieved by means of the projection (16) of the coping tiles (14) over the edge (15) of the opposite lateral.

[0069] Between the tiles, ribs and the platform passages or hollow ceramic pieces that give origin to the ventilation chambers are fixed. Being open both at the front and at the back, they also fix a double waterproofing, one originated by the tiles and the other by the platform.

[0070] The module or whole depends on a reduced zone or recess (20) in the extreme posterior of the projection (16) of the coping tiles (14), prepared to achieve a perfect longitudinal and transversal coupling in the overlap, in the confluence link between the four modules or wholes.

Claims

1. Whole of tiles, fluting and coping, with a double waterproofing body and with both a transversal and longitudinal overlap, is preferably formed with a ceramic material and where possible made to overlap laterally and/ or longitudinally with other analogues to form a continuous roof with corresponding slope. It is characterised essentially in that, obtaining by extrusion, it is made up of a lower part determinant of, at least, a fluting tile and a coping tile.This means that the element or part of the hollow ceramic piece is determined by an inferior plane support platform, and a plurality of emergent vertical partitions of the same, in such a way that a fluting tile remains situated between each partition. However the upper rim of one of those two partitions and the upper rim of the other partition stay closer to the anterior, than the existent separation between the first pair of partitions. This constitutes a support for the coping tile, leaving this on a higher level than the contiguous fluting tile. This means that among such tiles, partitions and the lower platform open hollows are fixed at the front and the back, forming ventilation and insulating chambers.

2. Whole of tiles, fluting and coping, with a double waterproof body and with both a transversal and longitudinal overlap, in accordance with the claim 1, characterised in that the fluting tiles and the coping tiles jut out in projection in respect to the vertical partitions and the lower platform, to make the longitudinal overlap with the other analogous whole possible.

3. Whole of tiles, fluting and coping, with a double waterproof body and with both a transversal and longitudinal overlap, in accordance with the previous claims,characterised in that the posterior rim of the platform is extended in a type of visor to support the other whole overlapping longitudinally with the first to form a second waterproofing body.

4. Whole of tiles, fluting and coping, with a double waterproof body and with both a transversal and longitudinal overlap, in accordance with previous claims, characterised in that one of the laterals is plane and reaches a height that corresponds with that of the lateral edge of the fluting tile, whereas that of the other lateral, also being plane, presents an upper part of the projection that belongs to a coping tile to permit the lateral overlapping between wholes and to determine a continuity in the construction of the roof.

5. Whole of tiles, fluting and coping, with a double waterproof body and with both a transversal and longitudinal overlap, in accordance with previous claims, characterised in that the fact that corresponding with the support partitions of the tiles, and in opposition to them, other such vertically emergent partitions from the lower face of the platform have been shown, being those lower partitions diminishing progressively in height from the extreme anterior to posterior part, determining some means of continuous support of the module or whole on the inclined surface support of the roof.

6. Whole of tiles, fluting and coping, with a double waterproof body and with both a transversal and longitudinal overlap, in accordance with the claim 5, characterised in that fluting tiles are plane and remain disposed in a lower plane to the coping tiles, between the partitions of each of those shaped in the module or whole.

7. Whole of tiles, fluting or coping, with a double waterproof body and with both a transversal and longitudinal overlap, in accordance with the claims 5 and 6, characterised in that the lateral edge of the fluting tile determined in one of the laterals of the module, presents an upward rim for the canalisation of the water and the overlapping of the corresponding projection to the coping tile of the opposite lateral.

Drawing