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(11) | EP 0 714 878 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | Sequential reaction of T-butanol and isobutylene with methanol |
| (57) Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is sequentially prepared from t-butanol and methanol
by: passing t-butanol and methanol through a primary reaction zone to form a primary etherification reaction product comprising unreacted methanol, unreacted t-butanol, water, dimethyl ether, isobutylene and MTBE; separating the primary etherification reaction product into a methanol recycle fraction, a t-butanol recycle fraction, an isobutylene fraction and a MTBE product fraction; recycling the methanol recycle fraction and the t-butanol recycle fraction to the MTBE reaction zone; passing at least a portion of said isobutylene fraction together with added methanol through secondary reaction zone to form a secondary etherification reaction product comprising water, methanol, isobutylene, dimethyl ether, MTBE and t-butanol; and recovering the MTBE from said secondary etherification reaction product. |
[0001] The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) by the sequential reaction of t-butanol and isobutylene with methanol. More particularly, it relates to a method for the manufacture of MTBE by the sequential reaction of t-butanol and isobutylene with methanol and to the purification of the MTBE formed by the reactions.
[0002] MTBE is finding increasing use as a blending component in high octane gasoline as the current gasoline additives based on lead and manganese are phased out. Currently all commercial processes for the manufacture of MTBE are based upon the liquid-phase reaction of isobutylene and methanol catalysed by a cationic ion-exchange resin.
[0003] With the expanding use of MTBE as an acceptable gasoline additive, a growing problem is the availability of raw materials. Historically, the critical raw material is isobutylene. It would be advantageous, therefore, to have a process to make MTBE that does not require isobutylene as a building block. It would be advantageous to have an efficient process for making MTBE by reaction of methanol with t-butanol, since t-butanol is readily available commercially through isobutane oxidation.
[0004] In US Patent No. 5,354,912 there is disclosed an improved method for the removal of dimethyl ether formed as a reaction by-product when t-butanol and isobutylene are reacted with methanol.
[0005] In US Patent No. 5,395,982 there is disclosed a method for the continuous purification of MTBE contaminated with isobutylene, methanol and water, by the sequential steps of water extraction in the presence of an added isobutylene stripping agent to form an extract and a raffinate, distillation of the raffinate to form a heavier product MTBE fraction and a lighter isobutylene fraction from which isobutylene is recovered for recycle to the extraction zone.
[0006] US Patent No. 5,243,091 discloses a process for the manufacture of MTBE from t-butanol and methanol wherein t-butanol is reacted with methanol in a primary reaction zone to provide a reaction product comprising MTBE, unreacted t-butanol, unreacted methanol, isobutylene and water, wherein the reaction product is separated in a distillation zone into a lighter fraction comprising methanol, isobutylene and MTBE and a heavier fraction comprising t-butanol, methanol and water, and wherein the lighter fraction is charged to a finishing reactor wherein isobutylene and methanol are reacted to form additional MTBE.
[0007] US Patent No. 5,292,964 also discloses a process for the manufacture of MTBE from t-butanol and methanol wherein t-butanol is reacted with methanol in a primary reaction zone to provide a reaction product comprising MTBE, unreacted t-butanol, unreacted methanol and water, wherein the reaction product is separated in a distillation zone into a lighter fraction comprising substantially anhydrous methanol and MTBE and a heavier fraction comprising t-butanol, methanol and water, and wherein the lighter fraction is charged to a finishing reactor wherein the methanol is reacted with isobutylene to form additional MTBE.
[0008] It is known to react methanol with t-butanol in the presence of a catalyst in order to produce MTBE. A wide variety of catalysts has been suggested for this purpose.
[0009] US Patent No. 4,058,576 teaches the use of (pentasil-type) aluminosilicate zeolites, such as ZSM-5, having a pore size greater than 5 Å and a silica-to-alumina ratio of at least 12, to convert lower alcohols to a mixture of ethers and olefins.
[0010] In US Patent No. 4,822,921 there is disclosed a method for producing MTBE by reacting t-butanol and methanol in the presence of a catalyst comprising an inert support, such as titania, having a phosphoric acid impregnated thereon.
[0011] US Patent No. 4,827,048 discloses a method for producing MTBE by reacting t-butanol and methanol in the presence of a catalyst comprising a heteropoly acid such as 12-tungstophosphoric acid or 12-molybdophosphoric acid on an inert support, such as titania.
[0012] Two of the principal by-products formed during the reaction of the methanol with the t-butanol are water and isobutylene. The separation of MTBE from methanol during the recovery of purified MTBE presents a serious problem.
[0013] In US Patent No. 4,820,877, separation of methanol from MTBE is accomplished by using a refinery fuel gas to enhance the separation of methanol into the overhead stream of a distillation column.
[0014] In US Patent No. 4,814,517, separation of methanol from MTBE is accomplished by using a silica gel to adsorb methanol preferentially from an MTBE stream and by periodically regenerating the silica gel.
[0015] In US Patent No. 4,798,674, separation of methanol from MTBE is accomplished by using a membrane of crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol or a quaternary ammonium ion resin. Methanol preferentially permeates through the membrane increasing the MTBE concentration of the charge liquid.
[0016] In US Patent No. 4,759,850, separation of methanol from MTBE is accomplished by reverse osmosis.
[0017] In US Patent No. 4,440,963, separation of methanol from MTBE is accomplished by adding an agent such as 2-methyl pentane or Freon 113 to form an azeotrope with methanol. This azeotrope is recovered overhead giving a methanol-free MTBE bottoms product.
[0018] In US Patent No. 4,144,138, isobutylene is formed as a by-product when methanol is reacted with t-butanol. The isobutylene is separated from the reaction product in an initial azeotropic distillation step as a non-condensable gas. Part of the isobutylene may be flashed from the reaction product for recycle, depending upon purity.
[0019] The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of MTBE by the sequential reaction of t-butanol and isobutylene with methanol and to the purification of the MTBE formed by the reactions, whereby a MTBE product of improved purity is obtained, the MTBE product being characterised by very low levels of water, methanol and t-butanol contamination.
[0020] More particularly, the present invention is directed to a method for the continuous preparation of MTBE from t-butanol, isobutylene and methanol, which comprises the steps of:
(a) continuously passing a feed mixture comprising t-butanol and methanol through a MTBE etherification reaction zone containing a bed of a t-butanol/methanol etherification catalyst under etherification reaction conditions to form a primary etherification reaction product comprising unreacted methanol, unreacted t-butanol, water, isobutylene and MTBE;
(b) continuously separating said primary etherification reaction product into a methanol recycle fraction, a t-butanol recycle fraction, an isobutylene fraction and a MTBE product fraction;
(c) continuously recycling said methanol recycle fraction and said t-butanol recycle fraction to the MTBE etherification reaction zone;
(d) continuously passing at least a portion of said isobutylene fraction together with added methanol through an isobutylene etherification reaction zone containing a bed of an isobutylene/methanol etherification catalyst under etherification reaction conditions to form a secondary etherification reaction product comprising water, methanol, isobutylene, MTBE and t-butanol, and
(e) continuously recovering the MTBE from said secondary etherification reaction product.
[0021] Preferably, the methanol and t-butanol are charged to the primary etherification reaction zone in the molar ratio of about 0.7 to about 3.0 moles of methanol per mole of t-butanol and the t-butanol/methanol etherification catalyst is a solid resin sulphonated polystyrene/divinyl benzene copolymer acidic ion exchange resin.
[0022] Preferably, the etherification reaction conditions in the primary etherification reaction zone include a temperature of about 90 to about 140°C, a pressure of about 30 to about 50 psia (about 0.2 to about 3.5 MPa) and a flow rate of about 0.5 to 20 volumes of feed mixture per volume of etherification catalyst per hour.
[0023] A particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of:
(a) charging a mixture of methanol and t-butanol in the molar ratio of about 0.5 to 4 moles of methanol per mole of t-butanol to an etherification reaction zone containing a bed of an etherification catalyst under reaction conditions including a pressure of about 30 to about 500 psia (about 0.2 to about 3.5 MPa), a temperature of about 80 to about 140°C and a flow rate of about 0.5 to about 20 volumes of feed mixture per volume of etherification catalyst per hour thereby to form a reaction product comprising unreacted methanol, unreacted t-butanol, water, dimethyl ether, isobutylene and MTBE;
(b) charging the reaction product to a first MTBE recovery distillation zone and separating it therein into a first lighter distillation fraction comprising isobutylene, dimethyl ether, methanol, water and MTBE, and a second heavier distillation fraction comprising methanol, t-butanol and water;
(c) charging the first lighter distillation fraction to a methanol solvent extraction zone and counter-currently contacting the t-butanol conversion product therein with water in the ratio of about 1 to about 10 volumes of the first lighter distillation fraction per volume of water per hour under extraction conditions including a temperature of about 20 to about 60°C and a pressure of about 50 to about 500 psia (about 0.35 to about 3.5 MPa) thereby to provide an overhead raffinate comprising isobutylene, dimethyl ether, water and MTBE, and an extract comprising methanol, MTBE, isobutylene, dimethyl ether and water;
(d) charging the raffinate to a second MTBE purification distillation zone and separating it therein into a third lighter distillation fraction comprising isobutylene, dimethyl ether and water, and a fourth heavier distillation fraction consisting essentially of substantially anhydrous MTBE substantially free from t-butanol;
(e) charging the third distillation fraction to a decantation separation zone and separating it therein into an isobutylene/dimethyl ether fraction and a water fraction;
(f) continuously charging at least a portion of the isobutylene/dimethyl ether fraction and added methanol to an isobutylene conversion reaction zone in the molar ratio of about 0.2 to about 4 moles of methanol per mole of isobutylene and contacting them therein with a solid resin etherification catalyst under conversion conditions including a temperature of about 20 to about 130°C, a pressure of about 50 to about 500 psia (about 0.35 to about 3.5 MPa) and a flow rate of about 0.5 to about 4 volumes of isobutylene fraction per volume of solid resin etherification catalyst per hour thereby to convert a portion of the isobutylene and a portion of the methanol to MTBE and form an isobutylene conversion product comprising MTBE, unreacted isobutylene, dimethyl ether, unreacted methanol, t-butanol and water;
(g) continuously charging the extract to a third MTBE distillation zone and separating it therein into a fifth lighter azeotrope distillation fraction comprising MTBE, methanol, dimethyl ether and isobutylene, and a sixth heaver distillation fraction comprising methanol and water;
(h) charging the sixth distillation fraction to a fourth methanol recovery distillation zone and separating it therein into a seventh lighter distillation fraction comprising methanol and an eighth heavier distillation fraction comprising water, and
(i) charging the second distillation fraction to a fifth t-butanol recovery distillation zone and separating it therein into a ninth lighter distillation fraction comprising methanol, t-butanol and water, and a tenth heavier distillation fraction comprising water.
[0024] The isobutylene conversion product and the fifth lighter MTBE fraction may be recycled to the methanol solvent extraction zone. The seventh lighter methanol fraction and the ninth lighter t-butanol fraction may be recycled to the MTBE etherification reaction zone.
[0025] t-Butanol is frequently produced by the thermal or catalytic decomposition of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide. t-Butanol formed in this fashion will normally contain a minor amount of peroxide contaminants such as tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, ditertiary butyl peroxide, allyl tertiary butyl peroxide, etc. Normally, the peroxide contaminants in the t-butanol will remain as contaminants in the etherification reaction zone reaction product. Preferably, therefore, the t-butanol feedstock is charged to a suitable peroxides decomposition zone, such as a thermal peroxides decomposition zone, where the peroxide contaminants are thermally decomposed under decomposition conversion conditions including a temperature of about 100 to about 200°C, a pressure of about 80 to about 500 psia (about 0.6 to about 3.5 MPa) and a flow rate of about 0.5 to about 4 volumes of t-butanol per volume of said solid peroxide decomposition catalyst per hour thereby to decompose the peroxide contaminants and form a t-butanol effluent substantially completely free from peroxide contaminants.
The Etherification Reaction Catalyst
[0026] In accordance with the MTBE manufacture and purification method of the present invention, an etherification reaction zone containing a bed of etherification catalyst is utilised.
[0027] A wide variety of etherification catalysts can be used for this purpose. For example, a solid resin etherification catalyst may be used, such as a strongly acidic ion exchange resin consisting essentially of sulphonated polystyrene, such as divinyl benzene crosslinked polystyrene matrix containing from about 0.5 to about 20% of copolymerised divinyl benzene. Resins of this nature are manufactured and sold commercially under various trade names such as "Dowex 50", "Nalcite HCR" and "Amberlyst 15". A solid acidic catalyst may be used, such as: Kieselguhr impregnated with a phosphoric acid; zeolites; aluminosilicate zeolites; titania having phosphoric acid impregnated thereon, or a hetero polyacid such as 12-tungstophosphoric acid or 12-molybdophosphoric acid supported on titania.
The Solid Resin Etherification Catalyst
[0028] In accordance with the present invention, MTBE and isobutylene are separately recovered from the primary reaction product and the recovered isobutylene and methanol are brought into contact with a solid resin etherification catalyst in order to convert a significant portion of the isobutylene and methanol to MTBE.
[0029] Any suitable solid resin etherification catalyst may be used for this purpose, such as those mentioned above.
[0030] The isobutylene and methanol are brought into contact with a solid resin etherification catalyst in an isobutylene conversion reaction zone under conversion conditions including, for example, a temperature of about 20 to about 130°C, a pressure of about 50 to about 500 psia (about 0.35 to about 3.5 MPa) and a flow rate of about 1 to about 10 volumes of isobutylene/methanol feed per volume of etherification catalyst per hour.
The Peroxidation Decomposition Catalyst
[0031] In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the t-butanol feedstock is charged to a peroxidation decomposition reaction zone and may be contacted therein with a solid peroxide decomposition catalyst.
[0032] A wide variety of catalysts may be used for this purpose, such as: cobalt borate; a nickel, copper, chromia catalyst; an iron, copper, chromia, cobalt catalyst; a base treated hydrogenation catalyst from groups VIB or VIIIB of the Periodic Table; a nickel, copper, chromium and barium catalyst; a metal phthalocyanine catalyst; an imidazole-promoted methyl metal phthalocyanine catalyst; a base promoted metal phthalocyanine catalyst; a solid ruthenium catalyst, or a promoted metal porphine catalyst.
[0033] The conversion conditions to be utilised in the peroxide decomposition zone may comprise, for example, a temperature of about 100 to about 200°C, a pressure of about 80 to about 500 psia (about 0.6 to about 3.5 MPa) and a flow rate of about 0.5 to about 20 volumes of feed per volume of catalyst per hour.
[0034] The invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the single Figure (Figure 1) which is a schematic flow sheet with conventional parts omitted showing the general reaction and recovery sequence of the present invention for the manufacture and purification of MTBE.
[0035] Referring now to Figure 1, there is shown a schematic flow sheet illustrating a preferred method for the practice of the process of the present invention. In the Figure, conventional parts such as valves, pumps, pressure sensors, temperature control sensors, heaters, coolers, flow control regulation apparatus, reflux condensers, reboilers, etc., have been omitted for clarity.
[0036] In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a primary etherification reaction zone 10 containing a bed of a solid etherification catalyst, such as a solid resin etherification catalyst (e.g. a strongly acidic ion exchange resin consisting essentially of sulphonated polystyrene, such as a divinyl benzene crosslinked polystyrene matrix containing from about 0.5 to about 20% of copolymerised divinyl benzene. Resins of this nature are manufactured and sold commercially under various trade names such as "Dowex 50", "Nalcite HCR" and "Amberlyst 15"). As another example, the catalyst may comprise a fluorophosphoric acid-on-titania catalyst prepared by treating titania extrudates, such as extrudates having a surface area of about 50 m²/g, with an acetone solution of fluorophosphoric acid to provide as a catalyst, titania having about 3.0 wt% of phosphorus and about 0.6 wt% of fluorine deposited thereon and bonded thereto by a calcining treatment.
[0038] When the t-butanol is prepared by the thermal catalytic decomposition of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, it will contain minor amounts of impurities such that, for example, the feedstock charged to the reactor 10 will typically contain the following components in the stated proportions by weight:
| ETHERIFICATION REACTION ZONE FEED MIXTURE | |
| Component | wt% (approximate) |
| Methanol | 41.0 |
| t-Butanol | 47.0 |
| Acetone | 0.5 |
| 2-Propanol | 6.0 |
| MTBE¹ | 0.2 |
| DTBP² | 0.1 |
| t-Butyl Formate | 0.1 |
| Water | 6.0 |
| ¹ Methyl tertiary butyl ether | |
| ² Ditertiary butyl peroxide |
[0039] The peroxides decomposition reactor 20 may be operated, for example, as a thermal peroxides decomposition reactor and operated at a temperature of about 100 to about 200°C, a pressure of about 80 to about 500 psia (about 0.6 to about 3.5 MPa) and a flow rate of about 0.5 to 20 volumes of feedstock per reactor volume per hour thereby to provide a substantially peroxide-free t-butanol reaction product. The peroxide contaminants will be decomposed to form water, methanol and t-butanol, and trace amounts of other decomposition products such as acetone and methyl formate.
[0040] The substantially peroxide-free t-butanol reaction product is continuously discharged from the peroxides decomposition reactor 20 by line 12 leading to the etherification reaction zone 10. Methanol is charged to the line 12 by a line 16. The flow of methanol and t-butanol to the etherification reaction zone 10 is regulated so that a molar excess of methanol is present, such as a molar ratio of about 1.1 to about 3 moles of methanol per mole of t-butanol.
[0041] Within the etherification reaction zone 10, the feed mixture is brought into contact with the bed of etherification catalyst, such as a sulphonic acid resin etherification catalyst under reaction conditions including a pressure of about 30 to about 500 psia (about 0.2 to 3.5 MPa), and more preferably from about 200 to about 300 psia (about 1.4 to 2.1 MPa), a temperature of about 30 to about 200°C, and more preferably from about 80 to 140°C, most preferably from about 90 to about 130°C. When the catalyst is a supported phosphorus acid-type catalyst, the reaction temperature may suitably be in the range of about 150 to about 190°C.
[0042] Contact time within the etherification reaction zone is suitably controlled such that about 0.5 to about 20 volumes of feed mixture per volume of etherification catalyst per hour are fed to the etherification reaction zone 10 and, more preferably from about 1 to about 4 volumes of feed mixture per volume of etherification catalyst per hour.
[0043] Within the etherification reaction zone 10, methanol will react exothermically with t-butanol to form MTBE which will be contained in a reaction product discharged from the etherification reaction zone 10 by way of a line 20 leading to a first MTBE distillation zone 30.
[0044] As a specific example, when the solid etherification catalyst is a sulphonic acid resin such as Amberlyst 15 and when the molar ratio of methanol to t-butanol in the feed mixture charged to the etherification reaction zone 10 by the line 14 is within the ratio of about 2.0 moles of methanol per mole of t-butanol, and the reaction is conducted at a temperature of about 100°C at a feed rate of about 2.0 volumes of feed mixture per volume of catalyst per hour, the etherification reaction product may have the composition in part shown by the following table:
| ETHERIFICATION REACTION PRODUCT | |
| Component | wt% |
| Water | 41.0 |
| Methanol | 27.6 |
| Isobutylene | 3.0 |
| t-Butanol | 14.1 |
| MTBE¹ | 34.5 |
| Other² | 6.8 |
| ¹ Methyl tertiary butyl ether | |
| ² Includes the acetone, propanol, ditertiary butyl peroxide, tertiary butyl formate, etc., initially present in the t-butanol feedstock and dimethyl ether (formed from methanol). |
[0045] The etherification reaction product charged to the first MTBE distillation zone 20 by way of the charge line 26 is fractionated therein under distillation conditions including a liquid reflux temperature of about 25 to about 100°C, and more preferably about 30 to about 80°, a reboiler temperature of about 80 to about 115°C, and more preferably from about 95 to about 105°C, and a pressure of about 15 to about 60 psia (about 0.1 to about 0.4 MPa), the distillation condition being selected such that substantially all of the MTBE in the etherification reactor 10 is taken overhead from the first distillation zone 30 by a line 32 and such that substantially all of the t-butanol exits the column 30 through the line 34. As a consequence, the first distillation fraction 32 taken overhead from the distillation zone 30 will comprise substantially all of the isobutylene, MTBE and dimethyl ether and some of the methanol and water charged to the first distillation zone 30. The second heavier distillation fraction 34 discharged from the first distillation zone 30 will comprise methanol, t-butanol and water.
[0046] In accordance with the present invention, the first distillation fraction 32 and recycle fractions 72 and 310 are charged to a solvent extraction tower 50. As explained in greater detail hereafter, the recycle fraction 72 contains MTBE, dimethyl ether, methanol and isobutylene and the recycle fraction 310 contains isobutylene, dimethyl ether and trace amounts of water and methanol. Within the solvent extraction tower 50 the hydrocarbon streams 32, 72 and 310 are counter-currently contacted with water introduced by a water charge line 52 controlled by a valve 54 so that methanol can be extracted from the other hydrocarbons with water thereby to form an aqueous extract phase and a hydrocarbon raffinate phase. The efficiency of the extraction is improved by the isobutylene present in the extraction tower.
[0047] Within the methanol extraction tower 50, solvent extraction conditions are established for countercurrent solvent extraction including a ratio of hydrocarbon feed to water within the range of about 0.8 to 1.8 volumes of hydrocarbon per volume of water per hour and, more preferably, a ratio of about 1.0 to about 1.5 volumes of hydrocarbon per volume of water. Extraction conditions to be established may suitably include a temperature of about 20 to about 60°C and, more preferably, from about 30 to about 40°C, a pressure of about 50 to 500 psia (about 0.35 to 3.5 MPa) and, more preferably from about 50 to 150 psia (about 0.35 to about 1.05 MPa).
[0048] As a consequence, a supernatant raffinate will be formed which is withdrawn from the top of the methanol solvent extraction tower 50 by line 60. The extract is discharged from the solvent extraction tower 50 by way of a bottoms charge line 64 leading to a third MTBE distillation zone 70.
[0049] Within the second MTBE purification distillation zone 62, distillation conditions are established including a liquid reflux temperature of about 30 to about 60°C, more preferably from about 40 to about 55°C, a reboiler temperature of about 100 to about 140°C, more preferably from about 125 to about 135°C, and a pressure of about 70 to about 120 psia (about 0.5 to about 0.85 MPa), more preferably from about 90 to about 110 psia (about 0.6 to 0.80 MPa), thereby to form a lighter distillation fraction 66 discharged from the second distillation zone 62 and a heavier fourth distillation fraction 68 consisting essentially of product, namely substantially anhydrous MTBE substantially free from t-butanol.
[0050] The third distillation fraction 66 will comprise a mixture of isobutylene, dimethyl ether and water and suitably may be charged to a decantation zone 80 where it can settle to form a supernatant isobutylene/dimethyl ether phase withdrawn by way of a line 82, and a water phase withdrawn by way of a water discharge line 84 and suitably purged from the system. A portion of the isobutylene in the line 82 is recycled by way of line 86 to the methanol solvent extraction zone 50.
[0051] In accordance with the present invention, the isobutylene recovered from the decanter is reacted with methanol in a secondary reactor to form additional MTBE. The reaction of isobutylene with methanol is exothermic and it is necessary to provide for positive control of the reaction temperature. This is accomplished in accordance with the present invention by limiting the rate at which isobutylene is charged to the secondary reactor and by diluting the charged isobutylene with a stream of cooled recycled reaction product.
[0052] Thus, about 80 to 95 wt% of the isobutylene discharged from the decanter 80 is recycled by line 86 to methanol extractor 50 to facilitate the removal of methanol from MTBE as disclosed in US Patent No. 5,395,982, mentioned above.
[0053] The remaining 10 to 15 wt% of the isobutylene in line 82 is charged through line 87 to the secondary reactor 300 together with methanol charged by the line 88. The methanol should be mixed with the isobutylene in the line 87 in an amount sufficient to provide for a molar ratio of about 0.5 to about 3 moles of methanol per mole of isobutylene. The secondary reactor 300 may suitably contain a fixed bed of a suitable isobutylene/methanol etherification catalyst, such as a bed of Amberlyst 15 sulphonated polystyrene-divinyl benzene copolymer acidic ion exchange resin.
[0054] Etherification reaction conditions established in the secondary reaction zone may include, for example, a temperature of about 20 to about 160°C, more preferably from about 35 to about 100°C, a pressure of about 50 to 500 psia (about 0.35 to 3.5 MPa), more preferably from about 150 to 250 psia (about 1.05 to 1.75 MPa), and a flow rate of about 0.5 to 10 volumes of feed per volume of solid resin etherification catalyst per hour. As a consequence, a portion of the methanol and isobutylene contained in the feed will be converted to MTBE. Typically, the conversion will amount to about 30 to 98 wt%, based on the isobutylene in stream 87.
[0055] As a consequence, there will be formed an isobutylene conversion product discharged from the secondary reactor by a line 302 leading to heat exchanger 304 where the reaction product is cooled to a temperature of about 30° to about 100°C. About 10 to 20 mole % of the reaction product is recycled by the line 310 to the methanol extractor 50. The remainder of the reaction product is recycled to the secondary reactor by the line 306 as a diluent. The composition of a typical isobutylene conversion product may be characterised as shown in the table below:
| ISOBUTYLENE CONVERSION PRODUCT | |
| Component | wt. % |
| Isobutylene | 8.4 |
| MTBE | 73.3 |
| Methanol | 3.0 |
| t-Butanol | 0.8 |
| Dimethyl Ether | 14.3 |
| Water | 0.02 |
| Other | 2.9 |
[0056] The extract 64 charged to the third distillation zone 70 will comprise MTBE, isobutylene, dimethyl ether, methanol and water, and is suitably fractionated therein under distillation conditions including a liquid reflux temperature of about 20 to about 90°C, more preferably from about 30 to about 60°C, a reboiler temperature of about 80 to about 120°C, more preferably from about 105° to about 115°C, and a pressure of about 15 to about 60 psia (about 0.1 to about 0.4 MPa), more preferably from about 40 to about 50 psia (about 0.3 to about 0.35 MPa), to form a fifth lighter distillation fraction 71 comprising MTBE, dimethyl ether, etc., which may suitably be partially liquified in heat exchanger 74 and then charged to surge drum 76 from which the dimethyl ether may be removed by line 79 leading from condenser/fractionator 78. The removal of the dimethyl ether is as disclosed and described in greater detail in US Patent No. 5,354,912, mentioned above. The remaining overhead product, mostly MTBE, is recycled by the line 72 to methanol extractor 50 for ultimate recovery as product.
[0057] A sixth heavier distillation fraction comprising water and methanol is discharged from the third distillation zone 70 by a line 73 leading to a fourth distillation zone 90. The sixth distillation fraction charged to the fourth methanol distillation zone 90 is fractionated therein under distillation conditions which may suitably include a liquid reflux temperature of about 20 to about 80°C, more preferably from about 30 to about 60°C, a reboiler temperature of about 100 to about 140°C, more preferably from about 110° to about 120°C, and a pressure of about 15 to about 60 psia (about 0.1 to about 0.4 MPa), more preferably from about 20 to about 30 psia (about 0.14 to about 0.21 MPa), into a seventh lighter distillation fraction 92 which may be suitably recycled to the methanol charge line 16. A heavier distillation fraction consisting essentially of water is discharged from the fourth methanol distillation zone by way of a line 94 and may be discharged from the system or recycled by a line (not shown) leading to the water charge line 52 for the extraction tower 50.
[0058] The second distillation fraction 34 discharged from the first MTBE distillation zone 30 is charged to a fifth t-butanol recovery distillation zone 100 where it is fractionated under distillation conditions including a liquid reflux temperature of about 80 to about 170°C, more preferably about 100 to about 150°C, a reboiler temperature of about 100 to about 190°C, more preferably about 170° to about 180°C, and at a pressure of about 15 to about 190 psia (about 0.1 to about 1.3 MPa), more preferably about 110 to about 160 psia (about 0.8 to about 1.1 MPa), into a ninth distillation fraction comprising mostly t-butanol and methanol that is discharged in the fifth distillation zone 100 by a line 102 leading to the charge line 12 for the primary reactor 10. A tenth heavier distillation fraction comprising a third water fraction discharged from the distillation zone 100 by a line 106.
(a) continuously passing a feed mixture comprising t-butanol and methanol through a MTBE etherification reaction zone containing a bed of a t-butanol/methanol etherification catalyst under etherification reaction conditions to form a primary etherification reaction product comprising unreacted methanol, unreacted t-butanol, water, isobutylene, dimethyl ether and MTBE;
(b) continuously separating said primary etherification reaction product into a methanol recycle fraction, a t-butanol recycle fraction, an isobutylene fraction and a MTBE product fraction;
(c) continuously recycling said methanol recycle fraction and said t-butanol recycle fraction to said MTBE etherification reaction zone;
(d) continuously passing at least a portion of said isobutylene fraction together with added methanol through an isobutylene etherification reaction zone containing a bed of an isobutylene/methanol etherification catalyst under etherification reaction conditions to form a secondary etherification reaction product comprising water, methanol, isobutylene, dimethyl ether, MTBE and t-butanol, and
(e) continuously recovering the MTBE from said secondary etherification reaction product.
(a) charging a mixture of methanol and t-butanol in the molar ratio of 0.5 to 4 moles of methanol per mole of t-butanol to an etherification reaction zone containing a bed of an etherification catalyst under reaction conditions including a pressure of 30 to 500 psia (0.2 to 3.5 MPa), a temperature of 80 to 140°C and a flow rate of 0.5 to 20 volumes of feed mixture per volume of etherification catalyst per hour thereby to form a reaction product comprising unreacted methanol, unreacted t-butanol, water, isobutylene, dimethyl ether and MTBE;
(b) charging the reaction product to a first MTBE recovery distillation zone and separating it therein into a first lighter distillation fraction comprising isobutylene, dimethyl ether, methanol, water and MTBE, and a second heavier distillation fraction comprising methanol, t-butanol and water;
(c) charging the first lighter distillation fraction to a methanol solvent extraction zone and counter-currently contacting the t-butanol conversion product therein with water in the ratio of 1 to 10 volumes of the first lighter distillation fraction per volume of water per hour under extraction conditions including a temperature of 20 to 60°C and a pressure of 50 to 500 psia (0.35 to 3.5 MPa) thereby to provide an overhead raffinate comprising isobutylene, dimethyl ether, water and MTBE, and an extract comprising methanol, MTBE, isobutylene, dimethyl ether and water;
(d) charging the raffinate to a second MTBE purification distillation zone and separating it therein into a third lighter distillation fraction comprising isobutylene, dimethyl ether and water, and a fourth heavier distillation fraction consisting essentially of substantially anhydrous MTBE substantially free from t-butanol;
(e) charging the third distillation fraction to a decantation separation zone and separating it therein into an isobutylene/dimethyl ether fraction and a water fraction;
(f) continuously charging at least a portion of the isobutylene/dimethyl ether fraction and added methanol to an isobutylene conversion reaction zone in the molar ratio of 0.2 to 4 moles of methanol per mole of isobutylene and contacting them therein with a solid resin etherification catalyst under conversion conditions including a temperature of 20 to 130°C, a pressure of 50 to 500 psia (0.35 to 3.5 MPa) and a flow rate of 0.5 to 10 volumes of total reactor feed per volume of solid resin etherification catalyst per hour thereby to convert a portion of the isobutylene and a portion of the methanol to MTBE and form an isobutylene conversion product comprising MTBE, unreacted isobutylene, unreacted methanol, dimethyl ether, t-butanol and water;
(g) continuously charging the extract to a third MTBE distillation zone and separating it therein into a fifth lighter azeotrope distillation fraction comprising MTBE, methanol, isobutylene and dimethyl ether, and a sixth heavier distillation fraction comprising methanol and water;
(h) charging the sixth distillation fraction to a fourth methanol recovery distillation zone and separating it therein into a seventh lighter distillation fraction comprising methanol and an eighth heavier distillation fraction comprising water, and
(i) charging the second distillation fraction to a fifth t-butanol recovery distillation zone and separating it therein into a ninth lighter distillation fraction comprising methanol, t-butanol and water, and a tenth heavier distillation fraction comprising water.