The present invention relates to a soundproofing, thermally insulating, and shock-absorbing modular panel, particularly having a rubber base, and to a method for manufacturing it.
The field of application of these panels is, particularly but not exclusively, the field of constructions, namely residential and industrial buildings, for the thermal insulation, soundproofing, and shock-absorption of walls, garrets, and floors.
Panels of the above mentioned type are known which are formed by a layer of cuttings made of rubber or of mixtures of rubber and rubber with cork that are aggregated by hot molding.
In order to manufacture insulating coverings, the conventional panels are usually arranged side by side on a supporting surface so that their respective edges are in mutual contact.
A drawback of conventional panels is that they do not ensure stability with respect to the supporting surface, because they can move under the action of mechanical stresses, caused for example by settling of the building, and consequently move mutually apart along their plane of arrangement, because a certain relative play is provided for during installation. This causes wide cracks or gaps to open, causing a significant decrease in the insulating power of the covering.
In order to obviate this drawback, known panels are usually fixed to the supporting surface by glueing or with metal screws and staples.
It is evident that this solution, too, entails the drawback of a considerable increase in time and costs for the installation of conventional panels, which is usually performed by specialized workers.
Prior art document US-4,287,693 discloses an interlocking rubber mat as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
WO-A-9 115 631 discloses a process for producing a railroad crossing means in which resilient moldings are used as track crossings and wherein the molding has a rubber surface layer which is bonded to a body formed fro scrap rubber.
DE-A-1 720 116 discloses the use of rubber granules for flooring panels.
GB-A-2 057 354 discloses a floor covering in which rubberised cork granules are used.
The aim of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks described above by providing a modular insulating panel that features quick installation and allows to reduce laying costs.
An object of the invention is to provide a manufacturing method that allows to automatically obtain modular panels of the above mentioned type that have a high quality standard and a low cost.
This aim, this object, and others which will become apparent hereinafter are achieved by a modular insulating panel according to the accompanying claim 1.
The panel according to the invention reduces laying costs considerably, allowing to achieve coverings that feature perfect mechanical stability, thermal insulation, and soundproofing without having to resort to glueing, mechanical anchoring, and/or sealing operations.
Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of a panel according to the invention, illustrated only by way of non-limitative example in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
With reference to the above figures, the modular panels according to the invention are preferably but not exclusively used for the construction of coverings and floorings of a known type.
Figure 1 illustrates a portion of a covering, which shows two modular panels according to the invention that are generally designated by the reference numerals 1 and 1' and are mutually coupled along their edges.
Reference is made, for the description, to panels that have a substantially rectangular plan shape, but this shape may vary and be for example square, hexagonal, circular, et cetera, without thereby abandoning the scope of the invention.
Panel 1 includes a main body 2 formed by at least one layer of rubber or by a mixture of rubber, rubber-cork, and other materials that have insulating properties, in cuttings, with resins and/or binders and fire-retardant substances.
In order to increase the thermal insulation power of the panel, the mixture can include granules of foamed clay, of the "Leca" type, in a proportion that is variable according to the desired final characteristics.
Body 2 of panel 1 has two substantially flat and parallel faces 3 and peripheral edges 4 that allow its coupling in series to other co-planar panels of the same type.
According to a particular characteristic of the invention, edges 4 have a connecting means 5 that is suitable to prevent relative sliding and mutual spacing of panels 1 and 1' along the common plane of arrangement.
Connecting means 5 includes at least one longitudinal protrusion 6 adapted to engage at least one longitudinal recess 7' that is formed correspondingly along the edge of the adjacent panel 1'.
Protrusion 6 and recess 7' are shaped so as to generate, on the coupled panels 1 and 1', opposite lateral forces that are suitable to keep in mutual contact edges 4, 4' of the panels.
By virtue of this configuration, edge 4 of panel 1 has, in a position that is adjacent to protrusion 6, a recess 7 that is identical and symmetrical with respect to recess 7' formed on panel 1'. Likewise, edge 4' of panel 1' has a protrusion 6', in a position that is adjacent to recess 7'. Protrusion 6' is identical and symmetrical with respect to protrusion 6 of panel 1. In this manner, it is possible to couple edges 4 and 4' of the respective panels 1 and 1' regardless of their orientation.
More specifically, in a first embodiment, shown in Figure 1, protrusion 6 is substantially continuous along the entire perimeter of the panel and includes an end portion 8, which is substantially perpendicular to faces 3 of the panel, and an intermediate connecting portion 9, which is substantially parallel to faces 3.
Preferably, the average thickness s of protrusion 6 is approximately equal to half of the maximum thickness S of the panel. In this manner, by coupling edges 4 and 4' of the two panels 1 and 1', the panels are co-planar and their faces are perfectly aligned and form no steps.
After the mutual connection of the adjacent panels 1 and 1', the respective protrusions 6 and recesses 7 apply a mechanical action that prevents the relative sliding of panels 1 and 1' along the common plane of arrangement and simultaneously provide an excellent and substantially uniform insulation even in the joint regions, without necessarily requiring glueing or filling of the joints.
Advantageously, this configuration of edges 4 and 4' allows to compensate for small errors in the shape and size of the panels, facilitating mutual coupling during installation.
It is noted that, although protrusion 6 is preferably provided directly during the production of panel 1, it can also be formed subsequently, before installation, by mechanically removing a portion of the peripheral edges, without thereby abandoning the scope of the invention.
Protrusions 6 and recesses 7 are constituted by discontinuous parts that have, for example, a substantially dovetail plan shape with radiused corners.
The panel according to the invention can include stiffening parts, not shown in the drawings, that are embedded in the base material. These stiffening parts can, for example, be constituted by wires or laminar metallic frames, or by textile fibers, which cooperate with the base material to constitute a composite unit that is substantially self-supporting.
Conveniently, provision is made for impregnating the panel with fire-retardants mixed in with the base material, and/or for covering the surfaces with a film of fire-resistant material.
A method for manufacturing thermally insulating and soundproofing panels of the above described type includes the following steps:
As an alternative, provision is made for depositing in the mold, prior to closure, an additional unitary layer of rubber in the crude state to obtain a panel in which at least one face is impermeable to liquids and highly wear-resistant.
The base material is mixed and deposited in the mold with automatic machines to achieve uniformity in the composition of the panel, a substantially uniform thickness, and a mass per unit volume that is substantially constant in every point.
This method allows to obtain a panel with high-level insulating characteristics that is easy to install 1 and offers perfect mechanical stability, thermal insulation, and soundproofing.
The panel according to the invention is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the inventive concept expressed in the accompanying claims.
Where technical features mentioned in any claim are followed by reference signs, those reference signs have been included for the sole purpose of increasing the intelligibility of the claims and accordingly, such reference signs do not have any limiting effect on the scope of each element identified by way of example by such reference signs.