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(11) | EP 0 720 144 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | A system for reducing noise due to vibrations in a vehicle |
| (57) An active system for reducing vibrations in the body panels (L) of a motor vehicle
comprises piezoelectric actuators (A) fitted on the panels (L) and driven by an electronic
control unit (CCR) on the basis of a signal (RPM) indicative of the speed of rotation
of the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle. The system reduces vibrations,
and consequently noise, inside the passenger compartment, at the same time enabling
the damping elements to be reduced, whilst being of very low cost. |
[0001] The present invention relates in general to active vibration-reduction systems and, more specifically, relates to active systems for reducing vibrations in motor-vehicle bodywork panels.
[0002] Conventionally, various passive techniques have been used to reduce the level of vibrations and consequently noise produced by bodywork panels in vehicles and particularly in motor vehicles. These techniques consist essentially of applying damping elements and sound-deadening panels to the bodywork panels. These devices have the disadvantage of being bulky, heavy and quite expensive.
[0003] Active noise-control systems have been developed to prevent these problems. In vehicles, particularly motor vehicles, these systems are used to reduce vibrations in bodywork panels so as to reduce the noise produced thereby. A system of this type is described, for example, in Italian patent application No. TO93A000577 filed in the Applicant's name on 3rd August 1993.
[0004] In practice, these systems are based on the principle of detecting the vibrations of the panels by means of sensors and then driving actuators fitted on the panels in phase opposition in order to reduce or eliminate the vibrations. Although they are effective, these systems have the disadvantage of being very complex and expensive and, up to now, this has prevented their use in motor vehicles currently in production.
[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a vibration-reduction system which solves the problem indicated above in a satisfactory manner.
[0006] According to the present invention, this object is achieved by virtue of a vibration-reduction system having the characteristics indicated in the claims which follow the present description.
[0007] Further advantages and characteristics of the present invention will become clear from the following detailed description given with the aid of the appended drawings provided by way of non-limiting example, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the system according to the present invention,
Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of an alternative embodiment of the system according to the invention,
Figure 3 is a schematic functional block diagram of the system of Figure 1, and
Figure 4 is a schematic functional block diagram of the system of Figure 2.
[0008] The present invention consists essentially of an active electronic system for controlling vibrations in laminar elements such as, for example, metal sheets or bodywork panels.
[0009] With reference to Figure 1, a motor-vehicle bodywork panel, typically of sheet metal, is indicated L. At least one actuator A, normally of the piezoelectric type, is fitted on the panel L. Typically, several actuators A are fitted on the panel L.
[0010] These actuators A are controlled or driven by an electronic control unit CCR for the active control of vibrations or noise. In the specific embodiment illustrated, the actuators A are driven by means of voltage-raising circuits EV. In fact, in the case of piezoelectric actuators A, it is necessary to use sufficiently high voltages, typically greater than the 12 volts normally available in a motor vehicle, to drive the actuators A.
[0011] The control unit CCR is also connected to a control unit CCM which manages the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle. The engine-management unit CCM transmits a signal RPM indicative of the speed of rotation of the engine to the vibration-control unit CCR by means of this connection. A signal of this type is now available in almost all motor vehicles currently in production.
[0012] The system according to the present invention is in fact based on the fact that most vibrations which may be encountered in bodywork panels L are induced, directly or indirectly, by the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle and therefore have frequencies which depend on the speed of rotation or the number of revolutions per minute, RPM, of the engine. It is thus possible to achieve a substantial reduction in the vibrations and hence in the noise induced by the engine in the bodywork panels L, even in the absence of sensors for detecting the vibrations as in systems according to the prior art.
[0013] For this purpose, the system according to the present invention comprises a noise appraiser which generates one or more signals for driving the actuators A on the basis of the signal RPM indicative of the speed of rotation of the engine. Naturally, the noise appraiser forms part of the vibration-control unit CCR and will now be described in greater detail with reference to Figure 3.
[0014] Figure 3 shows the system according to the present invention schematically, by means of functional blocks. In Figure 3, parts and elements already described with reference to Figure 1 have again been attributed the same alphanumeric references.
[0015] As can be seen from the drawing, the vibration-control unit CCR comprises a noise appraiser SR, mentioned above, and a processing unit C, for example, a microprocessor. The noise appraiser SR, as stated above, generates signals for driving the actuators A on the basis of the signal RPM which it receives as an input. The actuators A in turn act on the bodywork L so as to minimize the vibrations induced by disturbances DIS, for example, the internal combustion engine, and hence the noise R, generated by the bodywork L.
[0016] So that the noise appraiser SR can perform this function, the vibrations induced in the bodywork L by the engine must be analyzed beforehand. In a preliminary step, the vibrations induced in the various bodywork panels L are therefore recorded and analyzed for all of the speeds of rotation of the engine. A body of data is thus collected which provides a complete picture of the vibrations induced. Signals suitable for reducing vibrations, typically one signal for each actuator A, can be produced on the basis of these data.
[0017] The production of these signals typically consists of the generation of a waveform corresponding to that detected, but in phase opposition, and is within the capabilities of a person in the art. In the course of this operation, corrective parameters may also be introduced or the waveform may be modified on the basis of experimental findings in order to optimize the noise-reduction effect. For example, the waveforms may be frequency-filtered.
[0018] When they have been produced, the waveforms are stored in the noise appraiser SR, associated with the respective speeds of rotation of the engine. Naturally, the noise appraiser SR has a memory area for this purpose, for example, a read-only digital memory or ROM, of a size sufficient for storing all the waveforms used by the noise appraiser SR.
[0019] In use, the noise appraiser SR thus outputs the waveforms corresponding to the speed of rotation of the engine derived from the signal RPM. These waveforms are transmitted to a subsequent processing unit C which generates the signals for driving the actuators A, in their final form, on the basis of these waveforms.
[0020] In practice, the processing unit C generates the periodic signals for the actuators A on the basis of the waveforms transmitted by the noise appraiser SR and passes these periodic signals to the outputs of the control unit CCR. Typically, the processing unit C thus comprises digital-analog converter circuits and amplifier circuits so that it can generate analog signals which can be used directly, possibly by means of the voltage-raising circuits EV, to drive the actuators A.
[0021] Moreover, the processing unit C is also configured in a manner such that the frequency and phase of the driving signals are matched with the frequency and phase of the signal RPM in order to maximize the vibration-reduction effect. For this purpose, the processing unit C also has to receive the signal RPM, or a corresponding synchronizing signal transmitted by the noise appraiser SR. In order to improve the precision and performance of the system, a signal from a phonic-wheel of the internal combustion engine may be used as the signal RPM.
[0022] Moreover, since the bodywork panels L of motor vehicles of the same model are identical only in theory, it is possible to provide for a detection step for each vehicle upon completion of manufacturing operations so as to characterize the waveforms or determine their parameters individually. These individually characterized waveforms can then be stored in the read-only memory of the estimator SR. This further improves the performance of the system.
[0023] Naturally, more complex techniques may be used to generate the driving signals, for example, if the noise appraiser SR uses a dynamic model of the bodywork L which enables the waveforms to be produced.
[0024] The system, that is, essentially the noise appraiser SR disposed in the control unit CCR, may also be configured so as to implement the active noise-control function in addition to or instead of the vibration-control function. In fact, it should not be forgotten that the purpose of reducing vibrations is essentially to reduce the noise inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
[0025] From this point of view, it may be necessary, in some cases, to drive the actuators A so as to produce vibrations rather than damp them, in order to eliminate or reduce noises present in the passenger compartment. However, in this case, the system according to the invention, which may involve some of the panels L and the actuators A, requires no modification with respect to the foregoing description. The only difference is in the final objective of the preliminary data-recording and analysis step which, in this case, has the purpose of reducing noise in addition to or instead of vibrations.
[0026] The system according to the invention may also have sensors S, as shown in Figure 2, as in systems according to the prior art. The system thus has a feedback signal which enables the effects of the driving signals to be checked and corrected. As can be seen from Figure 4, which is similar to Figure 3 and shows the system of Figure 2 at the functional level, the feedback signal detected by the sensors S is indicative of the noise R generated by the bodywork L and is sent to the processing unit C.
[0027] In an embodiment currently considered preferable, both the actuators A and the sensors S are formed of ceramic or polymeric piezoelectric material. They are generally flat in shape and in fact have very little thickness and hence little bulk and are glued to the panel L so as to be fixed firmly thereto.
[0028] In the specific embodiment, it is envisaged that the sensors S and the actuators A will be applied to a limited number of bodywork panels L which are the primary sources of noise in the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle. These are, for example:
- the dashboard or the fireproof bulkhead,
- the floor panels, the front floor panels and the central floor panels,
- the tunnel,
- the roof panel.
[0029] The sensors S and the actuators A may advantageously be fitted at the same points. The sensor S and the actuator A may, for example, be fitted on two opposite surfaces of a panel L. Alternatively, however, the sensor S may be fitted on one surface of the panel L and the actuator A may be fitted on the sensor S, that is, superimposed thereon.
[0030] Moreover, in an alternative embodiment, the system comprises a device (not shown) for regulating gain. This gain-regulator operates by means of one or more suitable sensors (not shown) fitted on the bodywork L and has the function of limiting the gain of the system when it detects vibrations of very large amplitude, that is, such as to endanger the actuators A. The regulator may operate automatically or manually or may even switch selectively between one operating mode and the other.
[0031] The system according to the present invention considerably reduces vibrations and noise inside a motor vehicle whilst being of very low cost. The noise induced by the road in the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle and transmitted from the engine by solid means can thus be reduced and at the same time the damping elements which are used at the moment can be reduced. In summary, the weight of the vehicle can be reduced whilst its comfort is at the same time improved.
1. A system for reducing vibrations in at least one laminar element (L) of a vehicle,
characterized in that it comprises, in operative combination:
- piezoelectric actuator means (A) fitted on the laminar element (L) for producing mechanical stresses in the laminar element (L),
- processing means (CCR) receiving a signal (RPM) indicative of the speed of rotation of an internal combustion engine of the vehicle and operatively connected to the actuator means (A) for processing the signal indicative of the speed of rotation to generate control signals for controlling the actuator means (A) in order to reduce the mechanical deformations of the laminar element (L).
2. A system according to Claim 1, in which the mechanical deformations are vibrations
of the laminar element (L), characterized in that the processing means (CCR) are configured
for generating signals which can drive the actuator means (A) in phase opposition
with the vibrations in order to reduce them.
3. A system according to Claim 2, characterized in that the processing means (CCR) comprise
noise appraiser means (SR) which receive the signal (RPM) indicative of the speed
and are configured for generating different driving signals for the actuator means
(A) for different values of the signal (RPM) indicative of the speed.
4. A system according to Claim 3, characterized in that the noise appraiser means (SR)
comprise memory means in which a plurality of previously-produced waveforms corresponding
to a plurality of values of the signal (RPM) indicative of the speed is stored, the
noise appraiser means (SR) being configured for outputting the waveforms corresponding
to the input values of the signal (RPM) indicative of the speed.
5. A system according to Claim 4, characterized in that the memory means comprise a read-only
digital memory.
6. A system according to Claim 4 or Claim 5, characterized in that the processing means
(CCR) comprise a processing unit (C) which receives the waveforms as an input from
the noise appraiser means (SR) and can generate periodic analog output signals for
driving the actuator means (A).
7. A system according to Claim 6, characterized in that the processing unit (C) comprises
analog-digital converter circuits and amplifier circuits.
8. A system according to Claim 7, characterized in that the processing unit (C) is configured
so as to match the periodic signals with the signal (RPM) indicative of the speed
with regard to phase and frequency.
9. A system according to Claim 8, characterized in that the signal indicative of the
speed is a signal (RPM) of a phonic-wheel of the internal combustion engine.
10. A system according to Claim 9, characterized in that the waveforms are produced individually
for each motor vehicle in a preliminary step.
11. A system according to Claim 10, characterized in that the individually-processed waveforms
are stored in the read-only memory.
12. A system according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the processing
means (CCR) are configured for controlling the actuator means (A) in order to reduce
acoustic noise in a space near to the laminar element (L).
13. A system according to Claim 12, characterized in that the processing means (CCR) are
configured for generating signals which can drive the actuator means (A) in phase
opposition with the noise, in order to reduce it.
14. A system according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises
sensor means (S) fitted on the laminar element (L) and operatively connected to the
processing means (CCR) in order to correct the driving signals.
15. A system according to Claim 14, characterized in that it comprises gain-regulator
means for limiting the amplitude of the driving signals if the sensor means (S) detect
vibrations in the laminar element (L) having an intensity greater than a predetermined
value.
16. A system according to Claim 15, characterized in that the gain-regulator means are
integrated in the processing means (CCR).
17. A system according to any one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that it comprises
voltage-raising means (EV) operatively connected to the processing means (CCR) and
to the actuator means (A) for amplifying the control signals.
18. A system according to Claim 17, characterized in that the voltage-raising means (EV)
comprise a voltage converter circuit which can generate a voltage greater than the
voltage with which it is supplied.
19. A system according to any one of Claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the sensor
means (S) and the actuator means (A) are glued to the laminar element (L) so as to
be essentially integral therewith.
20. A system according to Claim 19, characterized in that the sensor means (S) and the
actuator means (A) are fitted generally on the same portion of the laminar element
(L).
21. A system according to Claim 19, characterized in that the sensor means (S) and the
actuator means (A) are fitted on the two opposite surfaces of the laminar element
(L).
22. A system according to Claim 19, characterized in that the sensor means (S) and the
actuator means (A) are fixed together and fitted on one surface of the laminar element
(L).
23. A system according to any one of Claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the actuator
means (A) are made of polymeric piezoelectric material.
24. A system according to any one of Claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the actuator
means (A) are made of ceramic piezoelectric material.
25. A system according to any one of Claims 1 to 24, characterized in that it comprises
a plurality of actuator means (A) and in that the processing means comprise an electronic
control unit (CCR) having a plurality of outputs.
26. A system according to Claim 25, characterized in that the control unit (CCR) is produced
in the form of an integrated circuit.
27. A system according to any one of Claims 1 to 26, in which the laminar element (L)
is a motor-vehicle bodywork panel, characterized in that the actuator means (A) are
fitted on a plurality of panels (L) selected from the group constituted by:
- the dashboard,
- the fireproof bulkhead,
- the front floor panel,
- the central floor panels,
- the tunnel,
- the roof panel.