|
(11) | EP 0 776 835 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
| (54) | Device to pick up and empty rubbish skips onto a motor-vehicle designed to collect refuse |
| (57) A guide structure (16) susceptible of oscillation in a horizontal axis, slidably
carries two grasping arms (20) adapted to come into engagement with attachment pins
(7) projecting from the side walls (6a) of a rubbish skip (6). Two fluid-operated
cylinders (29) acting on the guide structure (16) move the arms (20) between a grasping
position in which they engage the attachment pins (7) and a lifting position in which
they bring the skip above a loading hopper (4). An amplification linkage (32, 33)
operatively interposed between each fluid-operated cylinder (29) and the guide structure
(16) transmists an additional movement to the grasping arms (20) from the grasping
position to a rest position in which the downwardly-facing arms are contained within
the maximum permissible overall dimensions of the motor-vehicle (2). |
[0001] The present invention relates to a device to pick up and empty rubbish skips onto a motor-vehicle designed to collect refuse, comprising: a bearing framework fastened to said motor-vehicle; a guide structure in engagement with the bearing framework in an oscillatable manner and according to a horizontal rotation axis; a pair of grasping arms supported in cantilevered fashion from the guide structure and selectively movable close to and away from each other along said guide structure; a lifting unit comprising at least one fluid-operated cylinder linked to the bearing framework and acting on the guide structure to move the grasping arms about said rotation axis, between a grasping position in which said arms project sideways from the vehicle to operatively engage respective attachment elements arranged on respectively opposite side walls of the rubbish skip, and a lifting position in which said arms extend upwardly to bring the rubbish skip above a loading hopper arranged on said motor-vehicle.
[0002] More particularly, the device in question is of the type usually mounted to the side of a motor-vehicle to carry out, in a completely automated manner, the cycle of emptyting rubbish skips provided with attachment elements essentially consisting of a pair of pins projecting from the opposite side walls of the skip, at a centered position relative to the vertical centre line of said skip.
[0003] It is known that presently there are different devices capable of carrying out the emptying cycle of rubbish skips of the above type, by stopping the motor-vehicle at a position alongside the skip itself.
[0004] For example, the Italian Patent No. 1 194 971, mentioned as the most pertinent prior art for the present invention, describes a device provided with a pair of grasping arms mounted to a guide structure essentially consisting of two horizontal bars, one of which is disposed rotatably in engagement on a bearing framework located at one side of the motor-vehicle, close to the base of a loading hopper.
[0005] The guide structure is submitted to the simultaneous action of a pair of fluid-operated cylinders, upon command of which the grasping arms are movable to raised and lowered positions by a rotation motion about a horixontal rotation axis coinciding with the longitudinal extension of the bar hinged on the bearing framework. Said arms are also movable in a horizontal direction close to and away from each other, upon command of a double actuator fastened to the guide structure.
[0006] When the device is at rest, the arms extend upwardly from the guide structure, without overcoming the motor-vehicle overall dimensions, in order to prevent the arms from knocking against any object or obstacle when the motor-vehicle is moving. In the skip-emptying cycle it is provided that, when the motor-vehicle has been stopped close to the skip, the arms should be lowered, upon command of the fluid-operated cylinders, to a grasping position in which they project sideways from the vehicle, their respective ends being slightly below the attachment pins arranged on the skip. The arms, previously maintained at their maximum spread-apart position, are then moved close to each other by the double actuator so that each of them approaches the corresponding side wall of the skip, the respective extremity being ready for engagement with the attachment pins. Upon the action of the fluid-operated cylinders, the arms are subsequently brought from the grasping position to a lifting position coinciding with said rest position. During this step the skip is picked up by the arms and brought above the loading hopper, by a rotation through about 90° around the rotation axis of the guide structure. Appropriate overturning means operating at the ends of the grasping arms carries out a further rotation of the skip about the attachment pins so that the content thereof is emptied into the loading hopper.
[0007] When emptying has been completed, the skip is laid on the ground again by a reverse operating sequence with respect to the above emptying cycle.
[0008] While the above described devices are quite efficient and reliable, they have the drawback that a relatively long lapse of time is required for completing the emptying cycle of each skip. In fact the operating speed for carrying out the emptying cycle is greatly conditioned by the necessity to make the grasping arms perform two complete idle strokes, in order to respectively bring them from the rest position to the grasping position before engagement of the skip, and from the grasping position to the rest position, after the emptied skip has been laid on the ground. In addition, at the refuse-collection sites where the arrangement of more than one skip is required, it is necessary for the skips to be disposed a certain distance from one another, which will increase the overall room taken up by the same. This increased bulkiness results from the fact that the grasping arms must be disposed at respectively opposite sides of the skip and they move from top to bottom; it is therefore necessary that sufficient room be left between the ends of the attachment pins of two consecutive skips in order to enable passage of the grasping arms.
[0009] Other devices also exist that, while still acting on the sides of a motor-vehicle, are provided with grasping arms that during their operating cycle are capable of engaging the skip by a movement from bottom to top. More particularly, the grasping arms hinged on a framework according to respective oblique axes, are movable from a rest position in which they extend downwardly diverging from each other, to a grasping position in which they extend horizontally in cantilevered fashion from the motor-vehicle side, parallelly to each other, in which position they are ready to engage the skip. The use of these devices enables dead times due to the idle strokes of the arms from the rest to the grasping positions to be greatly reduced. However, the kinematic mechanisms for lifting the skip above the hopper, which make use of vertical guides, and the driving mechanisms for carrying out overturning of the skip have much slower operating speeds than the device of the previously described type.
[0010] As a result, the time necessary for completing the skip-emptying cycle is substantially the same as that of the previously described devices having a guide structure hinged according to a horizontal axis.
[0011] In addition, with the use of such devices the motor-vehicle needs to be positioned in a very precise manner relative to the skip for enabling the grasping arms to be disposed symmetrically to the skip itself. In the frequent cases in which positioning of the motor-vehicle is not perfect, the skip is displaced from its original seating upon the action of the arms themselves when they are brought to the grasping position and, when the skip is put down on the ground again, it will occupy this misfit position.
[0012] Furthermore, also with the use of these devices a great distance is required between consecutive skips, to enable the side displacement of the grasping arms when they pass from the rest position to the grasping position and vice-versa.
[0013] The same Applicant has recently set up another type of device being the object of the European Patent Application No, 94 830 515, in which the grasping arms mounted on a rotatable guide structure carrying out rotation in a horizontal axis upon command of one or more fluid-operated cylinders, pick up the skip starting from a rest position in which said arms are faced downwardly. However, this device is envisaged for picking up skips provided with sleeve-shaped attachment elements disposed on the front wall of the skip. Consequently, the grasping arms have a greatly shorter length than that required by the devices adapted to pick up skips provided with an attachment of the type considered in the present invention. Even if grasping arms of appropriate length should be used, this known device would be unable to given the arms themselves a sufficiently wide rotation so as to bring them to the lifting position starting from a rest position in which said downwardly-facing arms are within the overall dimensions of the motor-vehicle.
[0014] The main object of the present invention is substantially to solve the problems of the known art, and more particularly to provide a device capable of performing the emptying cycle of a rubbish skip provided with attachment elements of the above type taking shorter times than those required in the known art, while at the same time enabling a closer spacing between two or more consecutive skips.
[0015] The foregoing and further objects that will become more apparent in the course of the following description are substantially achieved by a device for picking up rubbish skips and emptying them onto a motor-vehicle designed to collect refuse, characterized in that said lifting unit comprises kinematic amplification means operatively interposed between said fluid-operated cylinder and guide structure to move the grasping arms between said grasping position and a rest position in which the arms extend downwardly.
[0016] Further features and advantages will be best understood from the detailed description of a preferred non-exclusive embodiment of a device to pick up and empty rubbish skips onto a motor-vehicle designed to collect refuse, according to the present invention, given hereinafter by way of non-limiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Fig. 1 is a side view of a refuse-collecting motor-vehicle equipped with the picking-up and emptying device according to the present invention, arranged to a rest position;
- Fig. 2 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic sectional side view of the device in question at a rest position;
- Fig. 3 is a side sectional view of the device during an operating step at which the device is about to engage a rubbish skip at attachment pins arranged on the skip itself;
- Fig. 4 is a side view of the device during the skip-lifting step;
- Fig. 5 shows the device in a lifting position, the skip being arranged over the motor-vehicle's loading hopper, for emptying of the refuse.
[0017] With reference to the drawings, a device for picking up and emptying rubbish skips onto a motor-vehicle designed to collect refuse in accordance with the present invention has been generally identified by reference numeral 1.
[0018] In a manner known per se, the device 1 is mounted on a truck 2 or other motor-vehicle used for collecting refuse to be transported to dumps or treatment installations for disposal. More particularly, the device 1 is mounted on the motor-vehicle 2 at a recess 3 formed on one side thereof, and more particularly close to the base of a loading hopper 4 disposed in front of a refuse collector 5 to which, in a known and conventional manner, the rubbish is conveyed and within which it is compacted as it is collected.
[0019] The device 5 is adapted to operate on rubbish skips or bins 6, one of which is shown in Figs. 2 to 5, of the type provided with attachment elements substantially consisting of a pair of pins 7 (only one of which is shown in the drawings) projecting from the opposite side walls 6a of the skip itself, either at a centered or an offset position relative to the vertical centre line of same. In the embodiment shown, the skip 6 has a closing cover 8 consisting of two half portions 8a hinged at opposite sides on a bridge element 8b oscillatably linked close to the attachment pin 7 and normally maintained at a centered position with respect to the vertical centre line of the skip upon the action of spring means, not shown as known per se and not of importance to the ends of the invention, housed within box-shaped structures 9 integral with the skip side walls 6a.
[0020] The foregoing being stated, the device 1 comprises a bearing framework 10 having a pair of brackets 11 that, in a preferential solution, are fastened to lateral movement means generally denoted by 12. This lateral movement means 12 is comprised of a movable framework 13 that by means of slides 13a known per se and conventional, is slidably connected to the chassis 14 of the motor-vehicle 2. A displacement actuator 15 integral with the motor-vehicle chassis 14 is susceptible of selective attuation, in case of need, to horizontally move the whole device 1 transversely of the motor-vehicle 2, in order to enable the skip 6 to be picked up even when the latter is located a certain distance from the motor-vehicle.
[0021] Rotatably linked to the brackets 11 of the bearing framework 10, according to a horizontal axis identified by X in Fig. 1, is a guide structure 16. This guide structure 16 comprises a first bar 17 in rotatable engagement, according to said horizontal axis X, with the brackets 11, and a second bar 18 parallel to the first bar 17 and fastened to the latter by terminal junction elements 19 fastened to the respective bar extremities.
[0022] The guide structure 16 slidably carries a pair of grasping arms 20 (only one of which is shown in Figs. 2 to 5) along the bars 17, 18.
[0023] Preferably, each grasping arm 20 extends in cantilevered fashion from the guide structure 16 over a first stretch 20a and a second stretch 20b defining, on the opposite side from the motor-vehicle 2, an angle "α" included between 90° and 150°, preferably of 105°, for purposes to be clarified in the following.
[0024] Each of the grasping arms 20 further has a handling member 21 at the respective free end opposite to the guide structure 16. Each handling member 21 essentially contemplates the presence of a fitting seat 21a (Fig. 2) arranged to house one of the attachment pins 7 of the skip 6, a closing element 22 for the fitting seat 21a, a locating plate 23 adapted to bear against an abutment element 23a (Figs. 4 and 5) carried at the inside of the bridge element 8b, and an overturning lever 24 arranged to act in thrust relationship on one of the box-shaped structures 9 disposed on the skip side walls 6a. In known manner, said closing element 22, locating plates 23 and overturning lever 24 are oscillatably pivoted on a point close to the respective end of the grasping arm 20. The locating plate 23 and overturning lever 24 are driven by a first and a second actuating cylinders 25, 26, respectively, whereas the closing element 22 usually maintained in a closed condition on the respective fitting seat 21a upon the action of a spring 27, is brought to an open condition by the locating plate 23 when the latter is in a rest position.
[0025] The grasping arms 20 are interconnected with each other by a horizontal-movement actuator 28 fastened to the bearing framework 10 and having two drive rods 28a each connected to a corresponding piston located inside the actuator. In known manner, the above pistons define three pressurization chambers within the double actuator 28, two of said chambers located at the actuator ends being brought into fluid communication with each other.
[0026] The device 1 further comprises a lifting unit comprising at least one fluid-operated cylinder 29 linked to the bearing framework 10 and acting on the guide structure 16 to move the grasping arms 20 about the horizontal rotation axis X. As clearly shown in Fig. 1, in the depicted embodiment two of said fluid-operated cylinders 29 are provided, each engaged with one of the brackets 11 of the bearing framework 10. Denoted by 30 in Figs. 2 to 5, is the pivot point of the fluid-operated cylinder 29 on the respective bracket 11.
[0027] The action of the fluid-operated cylinder 29 on the guide structure 16 enables the grasping arms 20 to be moved from a grasping position in which, as shown in Fig. 3, said arms project laterally from the motor-vehicle 2 to operatively engage the attachment pins 7 carried by the skip 6, to a lifting position in which, as shown in Fig. 5, the arms extend upwardly to bring the skip 6 above the loading hopper 4. Should the fluid-operated cylinders 29 directly act on the guide structure 16, as it happens in the known art, the operating displacement of the grasping arms 20 would be substantially restricted to the two above described positions.
[0028] In the device of the invention it is advantageously provided that kinematic amplification means, generally identified by 31, be interposed between the fluid-operated cylinders 29 and guide structure 16. The presence of this means enables an additional stroke to be transmitted to the grasping arms 20, which stroke extends between said grasping position and a rest position in which, as shown in Fig. 2, the arms 20 extend downardly and are contained within the maximum permissible overall dimensions of the motor-vehicle 2.
[0029] As known to a person of ordinary skill in the art, by maximum permissible overall dimensions it is intended the ideal plane, shown by the chain line "Y" in Fig. 2, identified by the maximum permissible side outline of the motor-vehicle along its longitudinal extension. In other words, the maximum permissible overall dimensions can be defined as the vertical plane, parallel to the longitudinal extension of the motor-vehicle, identified by the dimension of the maximum permissible side bulkiness, in terms of law, for the motor-vehicle on which the device 1 is installed.
[0030] Advantageously the kinematic amplification means 31 is such conceived that, following operation of the fluid-operated cylinders 29, an angular displacement greater than 180° about the horizontal rotation axis X is transmitted to the guide structure 16 and, as a result, to the grasping arms 20. In the embodiment shown the overall angular displacement performed by the grasping arms 20 is approximately 190°.
[0031] To this end, the kinematic amplification means 31 preferabile comprises at least one lever 32 pivoted on the bearing framework 10 according to an axis parallel to the horizontal rotation axis X, and at least one connecting rod 33 in operative engagement between the lever 32 and the guide structure 16. In particular, in the example shown the presence of two levers 32 is provided and they are each pivoted on one of the brackets 11 adjacent to the first bar 17; also provided are two corresponding connecting rods 33 each of them having one end hinged on lever 32 on the opposite side from the hinging point of said lever on the bracket 11 and the other end hinged on an interconnecting arm 34 extending between the first and second bars 17, 18 of the guide structure 16. As clearly shown in Figs. 2 to 5, each of the fluid-operated cylinders 29 acts oh the corresponding lever 32, adjacent to the end of the connecting rod 33.
[0032] Operation of the device in question described above mainly as regards structure is as follows.
[0033] While the motor-vehicle is normally running, the device 1 is kept to the rest position shown in Fig. 2. Advantageously, the grasping arms 20 have such an outline that each of them in this rest position has its respective first and second stretches 20a, 20b extending obliquely inwardly and outwardly of the motor-vehicle 2, respectively. Under this situation the whole device 1 is contained within the maximum permissible overall dimensions of motor-vehicle 2, so that said motor-vehicle can circulate without some of its components running the risk of knocking against objects or other obstacles.
[0034] When the motor-vehicle 2 is stopped alongside the skip 6, the fluid-operated actuators 29 are activated to be moved over a starting portion of their stroke, so as to bring the grasping arms 20 from the rest position to the grasping position shown in Fig. 3. At this point, if it is necessary, the displacement actuator 15 is activated to move the device 1 to an appropriate distance from the front wall of the skip 6 so that the fitting seats 21a are substantially aligned under the attachment pins 7. Also activated is the horizontal-movement actuator 28, upon the action of which, in a manner known per se, the grasping arms 20 are moved close to the respective side walls 6a of the skip 6 without causing any displacement of the skip itself. At this point, the fluid-operated cylinders 29 are activated again, which will cause lifting of the arms 20 from the grasping position and consequent introduction of the attachment pins 7 into the fitting seats 21a. Concurrently with this introduction, the first actuating cylinder 25 of each handling member 21 is activated, which will cause positioning of the locating plate 23 against the abutment element 23a and consequent movement of the closing element 22 to the closing position, upon the action of the corresponding spring 27. In this condition, the skip 6 is picked up from the ground and brought above the hopper 4 as soon as the grasping arms 20 reach the lifting position, as shown in Fig. 5. At this point, the second actuating cylinder 26 of each handling member 21 is driven to cause the skip to be turned upside down, by means of the overturning lever 24, so that the content of said skip is emptied into the loading hopper 4, while the cover 8 is kept stationary by the locating plates 23. When emptying has been completed, the skip 6 is laid on the ground again, a reverse operating sequence being carried out with respect to the described one.
[0036] By virtue of the interposition of the kinematic amplification means 31 between the fluid-operated cylinders 29 and the guide structure 16, acting on the skips provided with the attachment elements of the type described with reference to the device in question makes it possible to carry out an operating cycle in a substantially halved period of time with respect to the time hitherto required. In fact, the grasping arms act on the skip starting from a rest position in which they are faced downwardly, which will eliminate the long idle descending and ascending strokes carried out by known devices before picking up the skip and after putting it down on the ground, respectively.
[0037] In addition, the device in question is capable of picking up the skip without displacing it sideways and to put it down againg exactly on the same point it occupied before being picked up. The invention therefore is free from the drawbacks described with reference to the known devices the grasping arms of which, in a rest position, are turned downwardly but are mutually spread apart.
1. A device to pick up and empty rubbish skips onto a motor-vehicle designed to collect
refuse, comprising:
- a bearing framework (10) fastened to said motor-vehicle (2);
- a guide structure (16) in engagement with the bearing framework (10) in an oscillatable manner and according to a horizontal rotation axis (X);
- a pair of grasping arms (20) supported in cantilevered fashion from the guide structure (16) and selectively movable close to and away from each other along said guide structure;
- a lifting unit comprising at least one fluid-operated cylinder (29) linked to the bearing framework (10) and acting on the guide structure (16) to move the grasping arms (20) about said rotation axis (X), between a grasping position in which said arms (20) project sideways from the vehicle (2) to operatively engage respective attachment elements (7) arranged on respectively opposite side walls (6a) of the rubbish skip (6), and a lifting position in which said arms (20) extend upwardly to bring the rubbish skip (6) above a loading hopper (4) arranged on said motor-vehicle (2), characterized in that said lifting unit comprises kinematic amplification means (31) operatively interposed between said fluid-operated cylinder (29) and guide structure (16) to move the grasping arms (20) between said grasping position and a rest position in which the arms extend downwardly.
2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that, upon the action of the fluid-operated
cylinder (29), said kinematic amplification means (31) transmits to the guide structure
(16) and consequently the grasping arms (20), a rotation greater than 180° about said
horizontal rotation axis (X).
3. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that said kinematic amplification
means (31) comprises at least one lever (32) pivoted on the bearing framework (10)
and at least one connecting rod (33) in operative engagement between said lever (32)
and guide structure (16), said fluid-operated cylinder (29) acting on the guide structure
(16) by means of said lever (32) and connecting rod (33).
4. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises two of said levers
(32) and two of said connecting rods (33), operatively connected to two of said fluid-operated
cylinders (29).
5. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that movement of the grasping arms
(20) between the rest position and grasping position takes place during a starting
step of the stroke of the fluid-operated cylinder (29).
6. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that, with reference to said rest
position, each of the grasping arms has one stretch (20a) extending obliquely from
said guide structure towards the inside of the motor-vehicle (2), followed by a second
stretch (20b) extending obliquely towards the outside of the vehicle (2) and carrying
a handling member (21) at its end.
7. A device according to claim 6, characterized in that said first and second stretches
(20a, 20b) form an angle (α) included between 90° and 150° on the opposite side with
respect to the motor-vehicle (2).
8. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that said guide structure (16) comprises
a first bar (17) in engagement with the bearing framework (10) according to said horizontal
rotation axis (X) and a second bar (18) fastened parallelly to the first bar (17).
9. A device according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises at least
one interconnecting arm (34) extending between said first and second guide bars (17,
18) and operatively connected to said fluid-operated cylinder (29) via the kinematic
amplification means (31).