BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
a) Field of the Invention
[0001] This invention relates to a plastic-made sanitary container capable of stably storing
a medicine such as a vaccine, antibiotic, vitamin or amino acid, a nutrient solution,
a transfusion solution, a cosmetic, a food such as a seasoning agent, or the like
over a long period of time while maintaining cleanliness.
b) Description of the Related Art
[0002] Medicines, foods, cosmetics and other sanitary products have conventionally been
stored in sanitary containers in many instances. Such sanitary containers must be
able to protect their contents from intrusion of microorganisms and also to prevent
their contents from a quality change, deterioration or the like by ultraviolet rays
or the like.
[0003] The intrusion of microorganisms into a container is prevented by sealing the container
or hermetically closing the container with a rubber plug or the like, whereas the
quality change, deterioration or the like of a content by ultraviolet rays or the
like is avoided by adding a deterioration preventive to the content or adding an ultraviolet
absorber to a sanitary container itself.
[0004] Incidentally, glass-made containers have conventionally been used for many years
as containers most suited from viewpoint of sanitation for medicines, nutrient solutions,
transfusion solutions, foods and the like.
[0005] Glass-made containers are often made of soda-lime glass (soft glass), because soda-lime
glass as a raw material for the glass-made containers permits easy melting and molding,
has chemical durability and is of low price. A container made of soft glass may however
undergo a quality or property change at a glass surface thereof by moisture in the
surrounding atmosphere or by a solution contained therein. Described specifically,
the glass may be hydrolyzed with water so that an alkali (Na
+) may be dissolved out into the solution contained in the container or tiny chips
called "flakes" may be formed.
[0006] Upon use of a glass-made container as a container for a sanitary product such as
a medicine, the glass-made container may be subjected at an inner wall thereof to
bloom treatment that the inner wall is treated with sulfur, sulfurous acid gas, ammonium
sulfate or the like to eliminate alkalis, or a pH-regulating buffer, a quality or
property change preventive or the like may be added to the content.
[0007] On the other hand, a container made of borosilicate glass (hard glass) undergoes
alkali dissolution or flake formation, such as that mentioned above, less compared
with a container made of soft glass. Hard glass is therefore most suited for the production
of containers (ampoules) for injectable preparations, which containers (ampoules)
require higher chemical durability. If the temperature or time is inadequate upon
processing such as production of a container, hard glass may also become non-uniform
in its glass structure so that an alkali may be dissolved out from an inner wall of
the container or flakes may be formed from the inner wall of the container. To cope
with this potential problem, surface treatment such as bloom treatment or fluoride
treatment may be applied to the inner wall of the container, or silica coating or
the like may be performed by coating SiO
2 on the inner wall of the container by a CVD process or the like to form a coating
of SiO
2 there.
[0008] If a medicine, food or the like in a glass-made container is inferior in light resistance
(ultraviolet light resistance), the transparency as a merit of the glass-made container
conversely acts as a demerit. Iron-manganese compound or the like is therefore added
to glass so that the glass-made container is used as a colored, light-shielding glass-made
container. In this case, however, there is a potential problem that these metals may
mix in the content such as the medicine or food.
[0009] In addition to the above-described problem of dissolution-out of alkalis on glass-made
containers, there is another potential problem that may arise upon opening glass-made
ampoules. Recent ampoules include an increasing number of ampoules which like ampoules
of the easy-cut type, can be easily opened without using any special tool. It has
however been pointed out that like conventional ampoules, such recent ampoules also
become dangerous due to formation of sharp edges at cut faces and upon being cut,
they form glass chips having a potential danger when mixed in medicine solutions.
A glass-made container may have a still further problem that depending on the kind
of a medicine, the glass-made container may adsorb thereon the medicine in a greater
amount than a plastic-made container.
[0010] Concerning the quality of glass upon its use as a material for medicine containers,
various standard values are specified from the standpoints of safety and sanitation
under the "Testing Method for Glass Containers for Injectable Preparations" in The
Pharmacopoeia of Japan (thirteenth edition) (hereinafter abbreviated as "JP13") and
also in the United States Pharmacopeia XXIII (hereinafter abbreviated as "USP"), the
British Pharmacopoeia (hereinafter abbreviated as "BP"), and the like.
[0011] To avoid such problems, there is now an increasing tendency to adopt plastic-made
containers in place of glass-made containers. As official standards for plastic-made
containers, there are standards for polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) as specified in the eighth edition of the Pharmacopoeia of Japan (1971).
Further, testing methods for plastic containers for transfusion solutions are also
specified in the USP 17, the BS, the Pharmacopoeia of France, the Pharmacopoeia of
Switzerland, Deutsche Industrie Norm (DIN - German Industrial Standards) (DIN58365),
etc. They are also specified in Notification No. 370 of the Ministry of Health and
Welfare issued under the Food Sanitation Law, Notification No. 20 of the same Ministry
issued under the same Law (February, 1982), and the Food Additive Support F of U.S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
[0012] Plastics have an advantage over glass in that the former are lighter in weight than
the latter. On the other hand, plastics are accompanied by disadvantages such that
depending on the kinds of the plastics, they have poor moldability or formability
and/or can provide only molded or otherwise formed products having insufficient strength
and/or inferior gas transmission resistance and/or water vapor transmission resistance.
Moreover, plastics are also inferior in ultraviolet ray transmission resistance (ultraviolet
ray shielding property) to glass. It was therefore the situation that no plastics
equipped in a well-balanced manner with properties required for sanitary containers
had been found yet [see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (Kokai) No. HEI 5-293159].
[0013] Incidentally, concerning the light-shielding property (ultraviolet ray transmission
resistance) of a colored container, the "Testing Method for Glass Containers for Injectable
Preparations" in The Pharmacopoeia of Japan (thirteenth edition) specifies that the
transmission rate should be 50% or lower at wavelengths of from 290 to 450 nm and
60% or higher (45% or higher in the case of a container having a wall thickness of
1.0 mm or greater) at wavelengths of form 590 to 610 nm. On the other hand, it is
also specified in the USP that the transmission rate of a plastic-made container should
be 15% or lower at wavelengths of from 290 to 450 nm.
[0014] Under the foregoing situation, the present applicant found that a cyclic olefin polymer
is suited as a plastic for sanitary containers, and already filed a patent application
thereon.
[0015] However, the cyclic olefin polymer is also poor in ultraviolet ray transmission resistance
(ultraviolet let shielding property) like conventional plastics, and sanitary containers
made of the cyclic olefin polymer have a potential problem that their contents may
be changed or deteriorated in quality by such rays.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0016] The present inventors have therefore proceed with extensive research to impart ultraviolet
ray transmission resistance (ultraviolet ray shielding property) to plastic-made sanitary
containers. As a result, it has been found that a certain type of organic pigments
are significantly effective in shielding ultraviolet rays without lowering the transparency
of plastics, leading to the completion of the present invention.
[0017] In one aspect of the present invention, there is thus provided a sanitary container
molded from a plastic added with at least one pigment selected from the group consisting
of C.I. Pigment Yellow 147, C.I. Pigment Yellow 180 and C.I. Pigment Yellow 181.
[0018] The sanitary container according to the present invention can cut off ultraviolet
rays with coloration of such an extent as still permitting easy visual recognition
of its content.
[0019] Use of the sanitary container according to the present invention therefore makes
it possible to stably store a material legally regulated under the Pharmacopoeia of
Japan, the Food Sanitation Law or the like, for example, a material requiring sanitation
such as a medicine such as a vaccine, antibiotic, vitamin, saccharide, amino acid
or electrolyte, a nutrient solution, a transfusion solution, a cosmetic, a food such
as a seasoning agent, or the like or a material similar to the above-mentioned material
over a long period of time while maintaining cleanliness.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0020] The present invention will next be described specifically by referring to certain
embodiments of the present invention.
[0021] Examples of the plastic useful for the production of the plastic-made sanitary container
in the present invention include those conventionally employed for the production
of sanitary containers, such as PE, PP, PVC and PET (polyethylene terephthalate),
and cyclic olefin polymers and hydrogenation products thereof. Particularly preferred
for the object of the present invention are cyclic olefin polymers and hydrogenation
products thereof.
[0022] The cyclic olefin polymers or the hydrogenation products thereof can be ring-opened
homopolymers of cyclic olefin monomers, ring-opened copolymers of cyclic olefin monomers
and other monomers, addition homopolymers of cyclic olefin monomers, addition copolymers
of cyclic olefin monomers and other monomers, and hydrogenation products of such homopolymers
or copolymers.
[0023] The above cyclic olefin monomers include monocyclic olefin monomers, and polycyclic
olefin monomers including bicyclic and higher cyclic compounds, as will be exemplified
below.
[0024] Illustrative of the monocyclic olefin monomers usable for the production of the homopolymers
or copolymers of the cyclic olefin monomers are monocyclic olefin monomers such as
cyclopentene, cyclopentadiene, cyclohexene, methylcyclohexene and cyclooctene; lower-alkyl
derivatives thereof containing, as substituent groups, 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups such
as methyl and/or ethyl groups; and acrylate derivatives thereof.
[0025] Illustrative of the polycyclic olefin monomers are dicyclopentadiene, 2,3-dihydrocyclopentadiene,
bicyclo[2,2,1]-hepto-2-ene and derivatives thereof, tricyclo[4,3,0,1
2,5]-3-decene and derivatives thereof, tricyclo[4,4,0,1
2,5]-3-undecene and derivatives thereof, tetracyclo[4,4,0,1
2,5,0
7,10]-3-dodecene and derivatives thereof, pentacyclo[6,5,1,1
3,6,0
2,7,0
9,13]-4-pentadecene and derivatives thereof, pentacyclo[7,4, 0,1
2,5,0,0
8,13,1
9,12]-3-pentadecene and derivatives thereof, and hexacyclo[6,6,1,1
3,6,1
10,13,0
2,7,0
9,14]-4-heptadecene and derivatives thereof.
[0026] Examples of bicyclo[2,2,1]-hepto-2-ene derivatives include 5-methyl-bicyclo[2,2,1]-hepto-2-ene,
5-methoxy-bicyclo[2,2,1]-hepto-2-ene, 5-ethylidene-bicyclo[2,2,1]-hepto-2-ene, 5-phenyl-bicyclo[2,2,1]-hepto-2-ene,
and 6-methoxycarbonyl-bicyclo[2,2,1]-hepto-2-ene.
[0027] Examples of tricyclo[4,3,0,1
2,5]-3-decene derivatives include 2-methyl-tricyclo[4,3,0,1
2,5]-3-decene and 5-methyl-tricyclo[4,3,0,1
2,5]-3-decene.
[0028] Examples of tetracyclo[4,4,0,1
2,5]-3-undecene derivatives include 10-methyl-tetracyclo[4,4,0,1
2,5]-3-undecene, and examples of tricyclo[4,3,0,1
2,5]-3-decene derivatives include 5-methyl-tricyclo[4,3,0,1
2,5]-3-decene.
[0029] Examples of tetracyclo[4,4,0,1
2,5,0
7,10]-3-dodecene derivatives include 8-ethylidene-tetracyclo-[4,4,0,1
2,5,0
7,10]-3-dodecene, 8-methyl-tetracyclo-[4,4,0,1
2,5,0
7,10]-3-dodecene, 9-methyl-8-methoxy-carbonyl-tetracyclo[4,4,0,1
2,5,0
7,10]-3-dodecene, 5,10-dimethyl-tetracyclo[4,4,0,1
2,5,0
7,10]-3-dodecene.
[0030] Examples of hexacyclo[6,6,1,1
3,6,1
10,13,0
2,7, 0
9,14]-4-heptadecene derivatives include 12-methyl-hexacyclo[6,6,1,1
3,6,1
10,13,0
2,7,0
9,14]-4-heptadecene and 1,6-dimethyl-hexacyclo[6,6,1,1
3,6,1
10,13,0
2,7, 0
9,14]-4-heptadecene.
[0031] One example of the cyclic olefin polymer is an addition homopolymer of at least one
cyclic olefin monomer or an addition copolymer of at least one cyclic olefin monomer
and at least one other olefin monomer (for example, ethylene, propylene, 4-methylpentene-1,
cyclopentene, cyclooctene, butadiene, isoprene, styrene or the like). This homopolymer
or copolymer can be obtained by polymerizing the above monomer or monomers, for example,
while using as a catalyst a known catalyst which is soluble in a hydrocarbon solvent
and is composed of a vanadium compound or the like and an organoaluminum compound
or the like [Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (Kokai) No. HEI 6-157672, Japanese
Patent Application Laid-Open (Kokai) No. HEI 5-43663, etc.].
[0032] Another example of the cyclic olefin polymer is a ring-opened homopolymer of the
above monomer or a ring-opened copolymer of the above monomers. It can be obtained
by homopolymerizing the above monomer or copolymerizing the above monomers, for example,
while using as a catalyst a known catalyst such as (1) a catalyst composed of a halide
or the nitrate of a platinum group metal such as ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium
or platinum and a reducing agent or (2) a catalyst composed of a compound of a transition
metal such as titanium, molybdenum or tungsten and an organometal compound of a metal
in one of Groups I to IV of the periodic table such as an organoaluminum compound
or organotin compound [Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (Kokai) No. HEI 6-157672,
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (Kokai) No. HEI 5-43663, etc.].
[0033] Where the homopolymer or copolymer obtained as described above contains unsaturated
bonds, the homopolymer or copolymer is hydrogenated by using a known hydrogenation
catalyst. Examples of the hydrogenation catalyst include (1) Ziegler-type homogeneous
catalysts which are each composed of an organic acid salt of titanium, cobalt, nickel
or the like and an organometal compound of lithium, aluminum or the like, (2) supported
catalysts which are each composed of a carrier such as carbon or alumina and a platinum
metal such as palladium or ruthenium supported on the carrier, and (3) catalysts which
are each composed of a complex of one of the above-described platinum group metal
[Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (Kokai) No. HEI 6-157672].
[0034] In the present invention, examples of the above-described hydrogenated homopolymer
or copolymer include ring-opened homopolymers or copolymers and addition homopolymers
or copolymers of polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon compounds containing two or more
rings, which polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon compounds may have one or more substituent
groups containing a polymerizable double bond.
[0035] Examples of such polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds include tricyclo[4,3,0,1
2,5]-decane, bis(allyloxycarboxy)-tricyclo[4,3,0,1
2,5]-decane, bis(methacryloxy)-tricyclo[4,3,0,1
2,5]-decane, and bis(acryloxy)-tricyclo[4,3,0,1
2,5]-decane.
[0036] The pigment, which is added to the above-described plastic to reduce the transmission
of ultraviolet rays in the present invention, is C.I. Pigment Yellow 147 [chemical
name: 1,1'-[(6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)-diimino]bis-9,10-anthracenedione],
C.I. Pigment Yellow 180 [chemical name: 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-phenyleneazo)]bis[N-(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)-3-oxobutanamide],
C.I. Pigment Yellow 181 [chemical name: N-[4-(aminocarbonyl)-phenyl]-4-[[1-[(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-oxopropyl]azo]benzamide],
or a mixture thereof. These pigments are represented by the below-described structural
formulas, respectively. Needless to say, these pigments are all readily available
on the market for use in the present invention and have no problem in safety and sanitation.

[0037] No particular limitation is imposed on the amount of the pigment to be used. However,
an unduly small amount cannot provide sufficient light-shielding property (ultraviolet
ray transmission resistance) but an unduly large amount makes the coloration excessively
deep and hence makes difficult the visibility of the content of the container. A preferred
amount ranges from 0.01 to 0.3 wt.% based on the plastic. To facilitate dispersion
of the pigment in the plastic upon molding the container, it is preferred to knead
the pigment with a vehicle resin in advance so that the pigment can be used as a high-concentration
master batch (pigment concentration: 10 to 60 wt.%).
[0038] The plastic-made sanitary container according to the present invention can be produced
by suitably adding the above-described pigment and a phenol-base, thioether-base,
phosphorus-base or the like age resister, an ultraviolet absorber, a higher fatty
acid or an ester thereof and a processing aid such as a silicone oil, as needed, to
the plastic, mixing and kneading the resultant mixture into a compound (composition)
in a conventional mixer such as a kneader, roll mixer or extruder, and then forming
the compound into the container of a desired shape by one of various molding processes
such as injection molding, combined injection-blow molding and combined extrusion-blow
molding. It is to be noted that no particular limitation is imposed on the shape or
the like and the molding process of the container in the present invention.
[0039] Plastic-made sanitary containers according to the present invention can be used as
containers of various shapes, for example, as containers for medicines, nutrient solutions
and transfusion solutions, such as ampoules and vials; as contains for syringes; as
containers for various cosmetics; and as containers for various foods such as oils
and soy sauce, for example, bottles.
[0040] The present invention will next be described specifically by the following examples
and comparative example, in which the designations of "part" or "parts" and "%" are
by weight basis unless otherwise specifically indicated.
Example 1
[0041] Compounds with C.I. Pigment Yellow 147 ("Filester Yellow RN", trade name; product
of Ciba-Geigy Japan Limited) added in amounts of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively,
per 100 parts of a cyclic olefin polymer containing 0.2 part of an age resister ("Zeonex",
trademark; product of Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) were produced using a Brabender Plastograph.
Using those compounds, vials of 25 mℓ in capacity were produced by injection molding.
Those vials became deeper in yellowish coloration with the content of the pigment,
but retained transparency.
[0042] At the same time, 2-mm thick sheets were also formed from the respective compounds
by press forming. With respect to each of the sheets, its light transmission rate
was measured at wavelengths of from 290 to 450 nm and also at wavelengths of from
590 to 610 nm by a double-beam spectrophotometer ("Model 150-20", trade name; manufactured
by Hitachi Ltd.). The results are shown below in Table 1.
Table 1
| Content of pigment (%) |
Transmission rate of light (%) |
| |
290-450 nm |
590-610 nm |
| 0 |
90≥ |
≥90 |
| 0.05 |
35 |
≥85 |
| 0.1 |
15 |
≥75 |
| 0.2 |
10 |
≥45 |
Example 2
[0043] Vials were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the use of C.I.
Pigment Yellow 180 instead of C.I. Pigment Yellow 147. Those vials became deeper in
yellowish coloration with the content of the pigment, but retained transparency.
[0044] At the same time, 2-mm thick sheets were also formed from the same compounds, respectively,
by press forming. With respect to each of the sheets, its light transmission rate
was measured at wavelengths of from 290 to 450 nm and also at wavelengths of from
590 to 610 nm by the double-beam spectrophotometer ("Model 150-20", trade name; manufactured
by Hitachi Ltd.). The results were substantially the same as those obtained in Example
1.
Example 3
[0045] Vials were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the use of C.I.
Pigment Yellow 181 instead of C.I. Pigment Yellow 147. Those vials became deeper in
yellowish coloration with the content of the pigment, but retained transparency.
[0046] At the same time, 2-mm thick sheets were also formed from the same compounds, respectively,
by press forming. With respect to each of the sheets, its light transmission rate
was measured at wavelengths of from 290 to 450 nm and also at wavelengths of from
590 to 610 nm by the double-beam spectrophotometer ("Model 150-20", trade name; manufactured
by Hitachi Ltd.). The results were substantially the same as those obtained in Example
1.
Example 4
[0047] Vials were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the use of another
cyclic olefin polymer ("APEL COC", trade name; product of Mitsui Petrochemical Industries,
Ltd.) instead of the cyclic olefin polymer. Those vials became deeper in yellowish
coloration with the content of the pigment, but retained transparency.
[0048] At the same time, 2-mm thick sheets were also formed from the respective compounds
by press forming. With respect to each of the sheets, its light transmission rate
was measured at wavelengths of from 290 to 450 nm and also at wavelengths of from
590 to 610 nm by a double-beam spectrophotometer ("Model 150-20", trade name; manufactured
by Hitachi Ltd.). The results were substantially the same as those obtained in Example
1.
Comparative Example 1
[0049] Vials were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the omission of
the pigment.
Comparative Example 2
[0050] Vials were produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except for the omission of
the pigment.
Comparative Example 3
[0051] Vials were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that instead of the
pigment, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone ("Biosorb-100", trade name; product of Kyodo
Chemical Co., Ltd.), an ultraviolet absorber, was used in an amount of 0.2%.
Tests
[0052] The vials obtained above in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were subjected
to the below-described tests after they had been thoroughly washed. With respect to
Examples 1-4, the tests were conducted on the vials which had the pigment concentration
of 0.2%.
(1) Dissolution test:
[0053] A dissolution test was conducted following the "Testing Method for Plastic Containers
for Aqueous Infusions" prescribed in the Pharmacopoeia of Japan, Twelfth Edition.
(2) Quantity of fine particles:
[0054] Each vial was filled with 20 mℓ of dust-free water. After the vial was shaken for
10 minutes on a shaking machine, the vial was left standstill for 1 hour, and fine
particles in the water, said fine particles being of 2.5 µm or greater in particle
size, were counted by a light-shielded, automatic fine particle counter (manufactured
by HIAC Corp.)
(3) Adsorption test of medical solution:
[0055] An ampoule of "Contomin Injection" (trade name; product of Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical
Industrial Co., Ltd.), which contained chlorpromazine hydrochloride at a concentration
of 25 mg/5 mℓ, was added to physiological saline. The resulting solution was adjusted
to pH 7.0 with a hydrogen ion concentration regulator (product of Wako Pure Chemical
Industries, Ltd.) to provide 500 mℓ of a testing medical solution. Each vial was filled
with this testing medical solution, sealed by a rubber plug which was covered with
a fluorinated resin film, and was allowed to stand for 10 months at room temperature.
The content of chlorpromazine hydrochloride in the vial was determined by measuring
an absorption of the testing medical solution at a wavelength of 245 nm by a spectrophotometer
("Model UV2100", trade name; manufactured by Shimadzu Corp.). Assuming that the concentration
of chlorpromazine hydrochloride immediately after the filling was 100%, an adsorbed
quantity was expressed in terms of a decrease (%) in the concentration of chlorpromazine
hydrochloride after allowed to stand for 10 months.
(4) Photo-deterioration test:
[0056] In a similar manner as the preparation of the medical solution in the above-described
adsorption test, a medical solution containing vitamin K
1 and vitamin B
2 was prepared. Each vial was filled with this medical solution, followed by the exposure
to ultraviolet rays (principal wavelengths: 340 to 450 nm) for 36 hours under a sunshine
weatherometer ("We-SUN-He", trade name; manufactured by Suga Shikenki K.K.). After
the exposure, an adsorbed quantity of the medical solution [as measured in the same
manner as in the above-described adsorption test (3)] and photo-degradations of vitamin
K
1 and vitamin B
2 were determined. During the test, each vial was kept plugged. Incidentally, the photo-degradations
of vitamin K
1 and vitamin B
2 were determined by the following methods:
(a) Vitamin K1
[0057] The concentration of vitamin K
1 still remaining in the medical solution in each vial after the exposure was measured
at a wavelength of 254 nm by a UV detector. Assuming that the concentration of vitamin
K
1 before the exposure was 100%, the concentration of vitamin K
1 after the exposure was expressed in terms of percentage (%).
(b) Vitamin B2
[0058] The concentration of vitamin B
2 still remaining in the medical solution in each vial after the exposure was measured
at a wavelength of 445 nm by an automatic spectrophotometer ("Model EPS-3T", trade
name; manufactured by Hitachi Ltd.). Assuming that the concentration of vitamin B
2 before the exposure was 100%, the concentration of vitamin B
2 after the exposure was expressed in terms of percentage (%).
[0059] The results of the above tests are shown below in Table 2.
[0060] It is evident from the results of the tests that the container according to the present
invention can pass the dissolution test prescribed in the Pharmacopoeia of Japan and
has excellent ultraviolet ray shielding property.
