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<ep-patent-document id="EP98400447B1" file="EP98400447NWB1.xml" lang="fr" country="EP" doc-number="0890653" kind="B1" date-publ="20030813" status="n" dtd-version="ep-patent-document-v1-1">
<SDOBI lang="fr"><B000><eptags><B001EP>ATBECHDEDKESFRGBGRITLILUNLSE..PTIE......FI......................................</B001EP><B005EP>J</B005EP><B007EP>DIM350 (Ver 2.1 Jan 2001)
 2100000/0</B007EP></eptags></B000><B100><B110>0890653</B110><B120><B121>FASCICULE DE BREVET EUROPEEN</B121></B120><B130>B1</B130><B140><date>20030813</date></B140><B190>EP</B190></B100><B200><B210>98400447.3</B210><B220><date>19980225</date></B220><B240><B241><date>19990713</date></B241><B242><date>20020121</date></B242></B240><B250>fr</B250><B251EP>fr</B251EP><B260>fr</B260></B200><B300><B310>9708770</B310><B320><date>19970710</date></B320><B330><ctry>FR</ctry></B330></B300><B400><B405><date>20030813</date><bnum>200333</bnum></B405><B430><date>19990113</date><bnum>199902</bnum></B430><B450><date>20030813</date><bnum>200333</bnum></B450></B400><B500><B510><B516>7</B516><B511> 7C 22C  38/00   A</B511></B510><B540><B541>de</B541><B542>Herstellungsverfahren für Bauteile aus zementierter oder carbonitrierter Stahl und Stahl für die Herstellung dieser Bauteile</B542><B541>en</B541><B542>Process for manufacturing of articles from carburized or carbonitrided steel and steel for the manufacturing of said articles</B542><B541>fr</B541><B542>Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en acier cementée ou carbonitrurée et acier pour la fabrication de cette pièce</B542></B540><B560><B562><text>PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 97, no. 006, 30 juin 1997 &amp; JP 09 053149 A (KOBE STEEL LTD.), 25 février 1997</text></B562><B562><text>PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 95, no. 007, 31 août 1995 &amp; JP 07 097660 A (KOBE STEEL LTD.), 11 avril 1995</text></B562><B562><text>PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 12, no. 082 (C-481), 15 mars 1988 &amp; JP 62 214157 A (KOBE STEEL LTD), 19 septembre 1987</text></B562><B562><text>PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 12, no. 082 (C-481), 15 mars 1988 &amp; JP 62 214158 A (KOBE STEEL LTD.), 19 septembre 1987</text></B562><B562><text>PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 10, no. 269 (C-372), 12 septembre 1986 &amp; JP 61 091348 A (KOBE STEEL LTD.), 9 mai 1986</text></B562></B560></B500><B700><B720><B721><snm>Pichard, Claude</snm><adr><str>31 rue du bon puits</str><city>57860 - Malancourt La Montagne</city><ctry>FR</ctry></adr></B721></B720><B730><B731><snm>Ascometal</snm><iid>00972616</iid><irf>ASC 97/05</irf><adr><str>Immeuble "La Pacific",
11-13 Cours Valmy,
La Défense 7</str><city>92800 Puteaux</city><ctry>FR</ctry></adr></B731></B730><B740><B741><snm>Jacobson, Claude</snm><sfx>et al</sfx><iid>00041831</iid><adr><str>Cabinet Lavoix
2, Place d'Estienne d'Orves</str><city>75441 Paris Cedex 09</city><ctry>FR</ctry></adr></B741></B740></B700><B800><B840><ctry>AT</ctry><ctry>BE</ctry><ctry>CH</ctry><ctry>DE</ctry><ctry>DK</ctry><ctry>ES</ctry><ctry>FI</ctry><ctry>FR</ctry><ctry>GB</ctry><ctry>GR</ctry><ctry>IE</ctry><ctry>IT</ctry><ctry>LI</ctry><ctry>LU</ctry><ctry>NL</ctry><ctry>PT</ctry><ctry>SE</ctry></B840></B800></SDOBI><!-- EPO <DP n="1"> -->
<description id="desc" lang="fr">
<p id="p0001" num="0001">La présente invention concerne la fabrication de pièces en acier dont au moins une partie de la surface est durcie par cémentation ou carbonitruration, suivi d'une trempe à l'huile ou au gaz.</p>
<p id="p0002" num="0002">De nombreuses pièces de mécaniques en acier, telles que, par exemple, les engrenages, sont durcies en surface par cémentation ou carbonitruration. Pour cela, les pièces sont maintenues dans une atmosphère riche en carbone ou en carbone et en azote à une température supérieure à 900 °C pendant quelques heures, de façon à enrichir l'acier en carbone ou en carbone et en azote sur une certaine profondeur sous la surface, par diffusion de ces éléments à partir de la surface, puis, les pièces sont trempées à l'huile froide, tiède ou chaude, ou au gaz, de façon à durcir la surface. La cémentation ou la carbonitruration peut être effectuée également à une température supérieure à 1000 °C, on dit alors qu'il s'agit d'une cémentation ou d'une carbonitruration à haute température.</p>
<p id="p0003" num="0003">Pour fabriquer de telles pièces on utilise des aciers contenant de 0,15 % à 0,35 % de carbone, alliés au chrome, ou alliés au chrome et au molybdène, ou encore, alliés au chrome et au manganèse. Cette technique qui permet d'obtenir une dureté élevée en surface et au voisinage de celle ci, et qui permet, également, d'obtenir de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques au coeur des pièces, présente cependant l'inconvénient d'engendrer des déformations pouvant conduire au rebut des pièces ou nécessitant des usinages supplémentaires coûteux.</p>
<p id="p0004" num="0004">Le but de la présente invention est de remédier à cet inconvénient en proposant un moyen pour fabriquer des pièces en acier dont au moins une partie de la surface est durcie par cémentation ou par carbonitruration notamment à haute température.</p>
<p id="p0005" num="0005">A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'une pièce de mécanique en acier selon lequel on fabrique une ébauche de pièce en acier et on effectue un traitement de cémentation ou de carbonitruration notamment à haute température d'au moins une partie de la surface de l'ébauche de la pièce. Selon ce procédé, la composition chimique de l'acier dont est constitué la pièce, comprend, en poids :<!-- EPO <DP n="2"> --><maths id="math0001" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,2 % ≤ C ≤ 0,26 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0001" file="imgb0001.tif" wi="40" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0002" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,05 % ≤ Si ≤ 0,5 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0002" file="imgb0002.tif" wi="41" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0003" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>1% ≤ Mn ≤ 1,6%.</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0003" file="imgb0003.tif" wi="34" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0004" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,4% ≤ Cr ≤ 1,5%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0004" file="imgb0004.tif" wi="35" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0005" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,08% ≤ Mo ≤ 0,27%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0005" file="imgb0005.tif" wi="41" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0006" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Ni ≤ 0,6%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0006" file="imgb0006.tif" wi="32" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0007" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,003 % ≤ Al ≤ 0,06 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0007" file="imgb0007.tif" wi="45" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0008" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Cu ≤ 0,3 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0008" file="imgb0008.tif" wi="35" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0009" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ S ≤ 0,1%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0009" file="imgb0009.tif" wi="30" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0010" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>P ≤ 0,03 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0010" file="imgb0010.tif" wi="22" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0011" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0,05%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0011" file="imgb0011.tif" wi="33" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> éventuellement, jusqu'à 0,02 % de tellure, jusqu'à 0,04 % de sélénium, jusqu'à 0,07 % de plomb, jusqu'à 0,005 % de calcium, le reste étant du fer et des impuretés résultant de l'élaboration. De plus, la composition chimique de l'acier est ajustée pour que la courbe JOMINY de l'acier soit telle que :<maths id="math0012" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>45 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 50 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0012" file="imgb0012.tif" wi="46" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0013" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>39 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 47 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0013" file="imgb0013.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0014" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>31 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 40 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0014" file="imgb0014.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> et pour que les valeurs moyennes J<sub>3m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> et J<sub>25m</sub> de cinq essais JOMINY soient telles que :<maths id="math0015" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>|J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> x 14 /22 - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> x 8 / 22| ≤ 2,5 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0015" file="imgb0015.tif" wi="92" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> et,<maths id="math0016" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 9 HRC, et de préférence, ≤ 8 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0016" file="imgb0016.tif" wi="91" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></p>
<p id="p0006" num="0006">De préférence, la courbe JOMINY est telle que l'une au moins des conditions suivantes soit satisfaite :<maths id="math0017" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (4 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2,15</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0017" file="imgb0017.tif" wi="85" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> et:<maths id="math0018" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (8 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0018" file="imgb0018.tif" wi="80" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><!-- EPO <DP n="3"> --></p>
<p id="p0007" num="0007">De préférence, la composition chimique de l'acier est telle que :<maths id="math0019" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,21 % ≤ C ≤ 0,25 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0019" file="imgb0019.tif" wi="42" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0020" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,1 % ≤ Si ≤ 0,45 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0020" file="imgb0020.tif" wi="41" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0021" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>1,1 % ≤ Mn ≤ 1,5 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0021" file="imgb0021.tif" wi="40" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0022" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,9% ≤ Cr ≤ 1,4 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0022" file="imgb0022.tif" wi="37" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0023" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,09 % ≤ Mo ≤ 0,26 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0023" file="imgb0023.tif" wi="45" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0024" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Ni ≤ 0,6 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0024" file="imgb0024.tif" wi="36" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0025" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,005 % ≤ Al ≤ 0,05 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0025" file="imgb0025.tif" wi="45" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0026" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Cu ≤ 0,3 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0026" file="imgb0026.tif" wi="37" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0027" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Ti ≤ 0,05 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0027" file="imgb0027.tif" wi="38" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0028" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>P ≤ 0,03 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0028" file="imgb0028.tif" wi="22" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></p>
<p id="p0008" num="0008">De préférence, la teneur en azote de l'acier est comprise entre 0,004 % et 0,02 %.</p>
<p id="p0009" num="0009">L'invention concerne également un acier de cémentation dont la composition chimique est celle qui vient d'être indiquée ; cet acier de cémentation ayant une courbe JOMINY telle que :<maths id="math0029" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>45 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 50 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0029" file="imgb0029.tif" wi="46" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0030" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>39 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 47 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0030" file="imgb0030.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0031" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>31 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 40 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0031" file="imgb0031.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> les valeurs moyennes J<sub>3m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> et J<sub>25m</sub> de cinq essais JOMINY étant telles que :<maths id="math0032" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>|J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> x 14 /22 - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> x 8 / 22| ≤ 2,5 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0032" file="imgb0032.tif" wi="92" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> et,<maths id="math0033" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 9 HRC, et de préférence, ≤ 8 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0033" file="imgb0033.tif" wi="91" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> De préférence, les valeurs moyennes J<sub>7m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> et J<sub>25m</sub> de cinq essais JOMINY sont telles que l'une au moins des conditions suivantes soit satisfaite :<maths id="math0034" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (4 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2,15</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0034" file="imgb0034.tif" wi="85" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> et :<maths id="math0035" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (8 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0035" file="imgb0035.tif" wi="80" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><!-- EPO <DP n="4"> --></p>
<p id="p0010" num="0010">L'invention va maintenant être décrite plus en détails mais de façon non limitative, et illustrée par des exemples.</p>
<p id="p0011" num="0011">Les inventeurs ont constaté de façon nouvelle et inattendue, que les déformations engendrée par la trempe qui est effectuée en fin de traitement de cémentation ou en fin de carbonitruration pouvaient être considérablement atténuées, voire supprimées, à condition d'utiliser, pour fabriquer la pièce, un acier dont la courbe JOMINY ne présente pratiquement pas de points d'inflexion, contrairement aux courbes JOMINY des aciers utilisés habituellement pour cet usage. Plus précisément, ils ont constaté qu'on devait utiliser un acier contenant
<ul id="ul0001" list-style="dash" compact="compact">
<li>de 0,2 % à 0,26 % de carbone pour que l'acier soit facilement usinable, et pour obtenir une ténacité suffisante dans les parties non cémentées ou non carbonitrurées de la pièce;</li>
<li>de 0,05% à 0,5% de silicium pour assurer une désoxydation suffisante de l'acier ;</li>
<li>des éléments d'alliage tels que le manganèse, le chrome, le molybdène et le nickel, en des teneurs telles que décrits dans la revendication 1, de façon à apporter une trempabilité suffisante, ajuster la forme de la courbe JOMINY et ajuster les propriétés mécaniques de la pièce tant à coeur que dans les zones cémentées ou carbonitrurées ;</li>
<li>de 0,003 à 0,06 % d'aluminium pour compléter la désoxydation et contrôler le grain ;</li>
<li>moins de 0,3 %, de cuivre, qui est considéré comme une impureté qui tend à diminuer la ductilité et la ténacité des zones non cémentées ou non carbonitrurées ;</li>
<li>éventuellement, de 0 % à 0,05 % de titane pour former des nitrures durcissants ;</li>
<li>de préférence, la teneur en azote, élément toujours présent et qui réagit avec l'aluminium ou le titane pour former des nitrures, doit être comprise entre 0,004 % et 0,02 % ;</li>
<li>jusqu'à 0,1 % de soufre pour améliorer l'usinabilité ;</li>
<li>moins de 0,03 % de phosphore qui est une impureté défavorable à la ductilité et à la ténacité.</li>
</ul></p>
<p id="p0012" num="0012">L'acier peut contenir, en outre, jusqu'à 0,02 % de tellure, jusqu'à 0,04 % de sélénium, jusqu'à 0,07 % de plomb, jusqu'à 0,005 % de calcium, pour améliorer<!-- EPO <DP n="5"> --> l'usinabilité. Le reste de la composition est du fer et des impuretés résultant de l'élaboration</p>
<p id="p0013" num="0013">La composition chimique est ajustée pour que la courbe JOMINY de l'acier soit telle que :<maths id="math0036" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>45 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 50 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0036" file="imgb0036.tif" wi="46" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0037" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>39 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 47 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0037" file="imgb0037.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0038" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>31 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 40 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0038" file="imgb0038.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> et pour que les valeurs moyennes J<sub>3m</sub>, J<sub>7m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> et J<sub>25m</sub> de cinq essais JOMINY soient telles que :<maths id="math0039" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>|J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> x 14/22 - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> x 8/22| ≤ 2,5 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0039" file="imgb0039.tif" wi="86" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> et,<maths id="math0040" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 9 HRC, et de préférence, ≤ 8 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0040" file="imgb0040.tif" wi="91" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></p>
<p id="p0014" num="0014">La courbe JOMINY, est une courbe qui caractérise la trempabilité de l'acier. Elle est obtenue en mesurant la dureté le long d'une génératrice d'une éprouvette cylindrique trempée par un jet d'eau arrosant une de ses extrémités. La dureté mesurée à une distance de x mm de l'extrémité arrosée est appelée J<sub>x</sub>. Cet essai est bien connu de l'Homme du Métier. Il présente cependant la caractéristique d'être naturellement assez dispersé. C'est pour cela que la forme de la courbe JOMINY est caractérisée, ici, d'une part par des fourchettes de valeur pour les points J<sub>3</sub>, J<sub>11</sub> et J<sub>25</sub>, et par la relation : |J<sub>11m</sub> - J<sub>3m</sub> x 14 /22 - J<sub>25m</sub> x 8 / 22| ≤ 2,5 HRC, qui fait intervenir les moyennes de cinq essais différents, effectués avec le même acier. Plus précisément, on effectue successivement 5 essais identiques ; pour chaque essai, on mesure au moins les valeurs de J<sub>3</sub>, J<sub>7</sub>, J<sub>11</sub>, J<sub>15</sub> et J<sub>25</sub>, on obtient ainsi cinq valeurs pour J<sub>3</sub>, J<sub>7</sub>, J<sub>11</sub>, J<sub>15</sub> et J<sub>25</sub>, et on calcule pour chaque point J<sub>x</sub>, la moyenne J<sub>xm</sub> des cinq valeurs. Dans cette relation, les barres verticales sont le symbole connu en lui même de la valeur absolue. La relation, elle même, combinée avec la relation J<sub>3m</sub>-J<sub>15m</sub> ≤ 9 HRC ou ≤ 8 HRC, exprime que la courbe JOMINY ne présente pas d'inflexion marquées.</p>
<p id="p0015" num="0015">La forme souhaitée pour la courbe JOMINY peut être affinée en imposant qu'elle satisfasse au moins une des relations suivantes :<maths id="math0041" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (4 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2,15</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0041" file="imgb0041.tif" wi="85" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> et:<!-- EPO <DP n="6"> --><maths id="math0042" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (8 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0042" file="imgb0042.tif" wi="80" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></p>
<p id="p0016" num="0016">De telles courbes JOMINY peuvent être obtenues notamment avec un acier conforme à ce qui vient d'être défini, dont la composition chimique comprend, en poids :
<ul id="ul0002" list-style="dash" compact="compact">
<li>de 0,2 % à 0,26 %, et de préférence, de 0,21 % à 0,25 % de carbone pour avoir une dureté pas trop grande dans les pièces avant cémentation ou carbonitruration, et pour obtenir une bonne aptitude à la cémentation ou à la carbonitruration ;</li>
<li>de 1 % à 1,6 %, et de préférence de 1,1 % à 1,5 % de manganèse pour obtenir une bonne santé interne, pour fixer le soufre, et pour, en combinaison avec le chrome et le molybdène, ajuster la trempabilité de façon à obtenir une courbe JOMINY satisfaisante ;</li>
<li>de 0,05 % à 0,5 %, et de préférence, de 0,1 % à 0,45 % de silicium ;</li>
<li>de 0,4 % à 1,5 % de chrome, et de préférence, de 0,9 % à 1,4 %, pour durcir la couche cémentée ou carbonitrurée, et en combinaison avec le manganèse et le molybdène, ajuster la trempabilité de façon à obtenir une courbe JOMINY satisfaisante ;</li>
<li>de 0,08 % à 0,27 %, et de préférence, de 0,09 % à 0,26 % de molybdène, pour durcir la couche cémentée ou carbonitrurée, contribuer à augmenter la résistance à l'oxydation, et, en combinaison avec le manganèse et le chrome, ajuster la trempabilité de façon à obtenir une courbe JOMINY satisfaisante ; la limite inférieure correspond à la valeur minimale de la teneur en molybdène pour que cet élément ait un effet significatif ;</li>
<li>de 0 % à 0,6 % de nickel pour améliorer la tenue au choc de la pièce.</li>
</ul></p>
<p id="p0017" num="0017">La teneur en cuivre reste inférieure à 0,3 %, la teneur en soufre est comprise de préference entre 0,02 % et 0,1 %, et il est mieux qu'elle reste inférieure à 0,09 %, la teneur en aluminium est comprise entre 0,003 % et 0,06 %, et il est préférable qu'elle soit comprise entre 0,005 % et 0,05 %.</p>
<p id="p0018" num="0018">Comme indiqué ci dessus, l'acier peut contenir en outre un ou plusieurs éléments pris parmi le tellure, le sélénium, le plomb et le calcium.</p>
<p id="p0019" num="0019">Pour fabriquer une pièce suivant l'invention, on fabrique avec un acier conforme à l'invention une ébauche de pièce qu'on cémente ou qu'on carbonitrure à haute température et qu'on trempe à l'huile ou au gaz, l'huile pouvant être froide,<!-- EPO <DP n="7"> --> tiède ou chaude. L'ébauche de pièce peut être fabriquée, par exemple, par forgeage et par usinage.</p>
<p id="p0020" num="0020">A titre d'exemple, on a réalisé des pièces avec six aciers selon l'invention, dont les compositions chimiques étaient : 
<tables id="tabl0001" num="0001">
<table frame="all">
<tgroup cols="11" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
<colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="14.31mm" colsep="1"/>
<colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="11" colname="col11" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<thead valign="top">
<row rowsep="1">
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1"/>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">C</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">Mn</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">Si</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">S</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">P</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">Ni</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">Cr</entry>
<entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="center">Mo</entry>
<entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="center">Cu</entry>
<entry namest="col11" nameend="col11" align="center">Al</entry></row></thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">A</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">0,23</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,25</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">0,27</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">0,028</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">0,018</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">0,2</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">1,15</entry>
<entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">0,1</entry>
<entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">0,14</entry>
<entry namest="col11" nameend="col11" align="char" char=",">0,028</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">B</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">0,24</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,4</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">0,4</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">0,05</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">0,02</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">0,25</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">1,0</entry>
<entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">0,24</entry>
<entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">0,25</entry>
<entry namest="col11" nameend="col11" align="char" char=",">0,04</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">C</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">0,21</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,35</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">0,15</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">0,07</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">0,025</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">0,35</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">1,25</entry>
<entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">0,18</entry>
<entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">0,2</entry>
<entry namest="col11" nameend="col11" align="char" char=",">0,01</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">D</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">0,21</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,27</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">0,25</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">0,03</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">0,02</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">0,21</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">1,12</entry>
<entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">0,2</entry>
<entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">0,14</entry>
<entry namest="col11" nameend="col11" align="char" char=",">0,005</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">E</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">0,23</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,27</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">0,27</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">0,031</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">0,014</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">0,197</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">1,1</entry>
<entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">0,214</entry>
<entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">0,137</entry>
<entry namest="col11" nameend="col11" align="char" char=",">0,016</entry></row>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">F</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">0,23</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,10</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">0,25</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">0,03</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">0,015</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">0,15</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">1,3</entry>
<entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">0,15</entry>
<entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">0,12</entry>
<entry namest="col11" nameend="col11" align="char" char=",">0,016</entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
</table>
</tables></p>
<p id="p0021" num="0021">Les courbes JOMINY de ces aciers étaient telles que : 
<tables id="tabl0002" num="0002">
<table frame="all">
<tgroup cols="7" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
<colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="22.50mm"/>
<colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="22.50mm"/>
<colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="22.50mm"/>
<colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="22.50mm"/>
<colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="22.50mm"/>
<colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="22.50mm"/>
<colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="22.50mm"/>
<thead valign="top">
<row rowsep="1">
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">(duretés en HRC)</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">A</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">B</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">C</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">D</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">E</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">F</entry></row></thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">J<sub>3</sub></entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">47,8</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">49,4</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">46,5</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">45,7</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">46,8</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">47,9</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">J<sub>7</sub></entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">45,5</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">48,5</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">45,4</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">45</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">45,8</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">45,5</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">J<sub>11</sub></entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">41,6</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">45,6</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">41,8</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">45</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">43,1</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">41,6</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">J<sub>15</sub></entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">39,1</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">43,3</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">39,4</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">43,1</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">39,4</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">39</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">J<sub>25</sub></entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">34,3</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">39,2</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">34,9</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">37,8</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">34,2</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">34,1</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">|J<sub>11m</sub> - J<sub>3m</sub> x 14 /22 - J<sub>25m</sub> x 8/22|</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">1,29</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">0,09</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">0,48</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">2,17</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">0,88</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">1,28</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">J<sub>3m</sub>-J<sub>15m</sub></entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">8,7</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">6,1</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">7,1</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">2,6</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">7,4</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">8,9</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">10 x (J<sub>7m</sub> - J<sub>11m</sub>) / (4 x (J<sub>15m</sub> - J<sub>25m</sub>))</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">2,02</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,75</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">2,00</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">0</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">1,30</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">1,97</entry></row>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">10 x (J<sub>7m</sub> - J<sub>15m</sub>) / (8 x (J<sub>15m</sub> - J<sub>25m</sub>))</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">1,66</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,59</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">1,66</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">0,45</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">1,54</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">1,65</entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
</table>
</tables></p>
<p id="p0022" num="0022">Après cémentation à 995 °C pendant 10 heures et trempe à l'huile tiède à 98 °C, les pièces ne présentaient pas de déformations nécessitant un usinage supplémentaire. De plus, le cémentation était caractérisée par une teneur en carbone de 0,94 % à 0,1 mm sous la surface.<!-- EPO <DP n="8"> --></p>
<p id="p0023" num="0023">A titre de comparaison, on a réalisé, dans les mêmes conditions, des pièces identiques, en acier du type 27MC5, 29MC5, 27MC5u, 27MC5r, 27CD4u, 30M5 et 20CD4 conformes à l'art antérieur. Les compositions de ces aciers étaient : 
<tables id="tabl0003" num="0003">
<table frame="all">
<tgroup cols="11" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
<colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="14.31mm" colsep="1"/>
<colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<colspec colnum="11" colname="col11" colwidth="14.31mm"/>
<thead valign="top">
<row rowsep="1">
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1"/>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">C</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">Mn</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">Si</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">S</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">P</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">Ni</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">Cr</entry>
<entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="center">Mo</entry>
<entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="center">Cu</entry>
<entry namest="col11" nameend="col11" align="center">Al</entry></row></thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">27MC5</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">0,23</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,18</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">0,24</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">0,033</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">0,015</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">0,13</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">1,08</entry>
<entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">0,04</entry>
<entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">0,16</entry>
<entry namest="col11" nameend="col11" align="char" char=",">0,024</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">29MC5</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">0,23</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,22</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">0,24</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">0,033</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">0,014</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">0,14</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">1,12</entry>
<entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">0,05</entry>
<entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">0,16</entry>
<entry namest="col11" nameend="col11" align="char" char=",">0,024</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">27MC5u</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">0,26</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,19</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">0,25</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">0,033</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">0,015</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">0,09</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">1,09</entry>
<entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">0,04</entry>
<entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">0,13</entry>
<entry namest="col11" nameend="col11" align="char" char=",">0,025</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">27MC5r</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">0,26</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,31</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">0,24</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">0,072</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">0,016</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">0,12</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">1,11</entry>
<entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">0,05</entry>
<entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">0,16</entry>
<entry namest="col11" nameend="col11" align="char" char=",">0,025</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">27CD4u</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">0,27</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">0,74</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">0,25</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">0,032</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">0,012</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">0,15</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">1,08</entry>
<entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">0,22</entry>
<entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">0,17</entry>
<entry namest="col11" nameend="col11" align="char" char=",">0,028</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">30M5</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">0,30</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,41</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">0,24</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">0,072</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">0,015</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">0,13</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">0,43</entry>
<entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">0,06</entry>
<entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">0,16</entry>
<entry namest="col11" nameend="col11" align="char" char=",">0,025</entry></row>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">20CD4</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">0,20</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">0,82</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=",">0,23</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=",">0,029</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=",">0,013</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=",">0,14</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=",">1,05</entry>
<entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=",">0,27</entry>
<entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=",">0,17</entry>
<entry namest="col11" nameend="col11" align="char" char=",">0,029</entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
</table>
</tables> et les courbes JOMINY étaient telles que : 
<tables id="tabl0004" num="0004">
<table frame="all">
<tgroup cols="8" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
<colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="19.68mm"/>
<colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19.68mm"/>
<colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19.68mm"/>
<colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19.68mm"/>
<colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="19.68mm"/>
<colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="19.68mm"/>
<colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="19.68mm"/>
<colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="19.68mm"/>
<thead valign="top">
<row rowsep="1">
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">(duretés en HRC)</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center">27MC5</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">29MC5</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">27MC5u</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">27MC5r</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">27CD4u</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">30M5</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">20CD4</entry></row></thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">J<sub>3</sub></entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">48,8</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">49,7</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">49</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">48,5</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">48,9</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">50</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">45,3</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">J<sub>7</sub></entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">45,8</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">47,3</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">45,6</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">45,9</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">46,1</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">40,3</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">40,8</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">J<sub>11</sub></entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">40,3</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">43,2</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">40,4</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">41</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">39,8</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">31,9</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">34,4</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">J<sub>15</sub></entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">36,6</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">39,6</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">36,8</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">37,6</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">35,6</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">28,4</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">31,2</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">J<sub>25</sub></entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">32,7</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">35,1</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">33</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">33,7</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">31,6</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">24,4</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">27,8</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">|J<sub>11m</sub>-J<sub>3m</sub>x14/22-J<sub>25m</sub>x8/22|</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">2,6</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">1,19</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">2,7</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">2,1</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">2,8</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">8,8</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">4,53</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">J<sub>3m</sub> - J<sub>15m</sub></entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">12,2</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">10,1</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">12,2</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">10,9</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">9</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">21,6</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">14,1</entry></row>
<row>
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">10 x (J<sub>7m</sub> - J<sub>11m</sub>) / (4 x (J<sub>15m</sub> - J<sub>25m</sub>))</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">3,52</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">2,27</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">3,42</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">3,14</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">3,94</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">5,25</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">8</entry></row>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">10 x (J<sub>7m</sub> - J<sub>15m</sub>) / (8 x (J<sub>15m</sub> - J<sub>25m</sub>))</entry>
<entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=",">5,9</entry>
<entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=",">2,13</entry>
<entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">2,89</entry>
<entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">2,66</entry>
<entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">3,28</entry>
<entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">3,72</entry>
<entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">3,87</entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
</table>
</tables></p>
<p id="p0024" num="0024">Après cémentation, les pièces ont nécessité une reprise d'usinage. De plus, la teneur en carbone dans la couche cémentée, à 0,1 mm sous la surface, n'était que de 0,8 %. Ce dernier résultat, montre que, outre la plus faible sensibilité aux déformations, l'acier selon l'invention se cémente mieux que l'acier selon l'art antérieur.</p>
</description><!-- EPO <DP n="9"> -->
<claims id="claims01" lang="fr">
<claim id="c-fr-01-0001" num="0001">
<claim-text>Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce de mécanique en acier selon lequel on fabrique une ébauche de pièce en acier et on effectue un traitement de cémentation ou de carbonitruration éventuellement à haute température d'au moins une partie de la surface de l'ébauche de la pièce, <b>caractérisé en ce que</b> la composition chimique de l'acier dont est constitué la pièce comprend, en poids :<maths id="math0043" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,2 % ≤ C ≤ 0,26 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0043" file="imgb0043.tif" wi="40" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0044" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,05 % ≤ Si ≤ 0,5 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0044" file="imgb0044.tif" wi="41" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0045" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>1% ≤ Mn ≤ 1,6%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0045" file="imgb0045.tif" wi="33" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0046" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,4% ≤ Cn ≤ 1,5%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0046" file="imgb0046.tif" wi="36" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0047" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,08% ≤ Mo ≤ 0,27%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0047" file="imgb0047.tif" wi="41" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0048" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Ni ≤ 0,6%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0048" file="imgb0048.tif" wi="32" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0049" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,003 % ≤ Al ≤ 0,06 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0049" file="imgb0049.tif" wi="45" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0050" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Cu ≤ 0,3 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0050" file="imgb0050.tif" wi="37" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0051" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ S ≤ 0,1 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0051" file="imgb0051.tif" wi="34" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0052" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>P ≤ 0,03 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0052" file="imgb0052.tif" wi="22" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0053" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0,05%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0053" file="imgb0053.tif" wi="33" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> éventuellement, jusqu'à 0,02 % de tellure, jusqu'à 0,04 % de sélénium, jusqu'à 0,07 % de plomb, jusqu'à 0,005 % de calcium, le reste étant du fer et des impuretés résultant de l'élaboration, la composition chimique étant ajustée pour que la courbe JOMINY de l'acier soit telle que :<maths id="math0054" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>45 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 50 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0054" file="imgb0054.tif" wi="46" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0055" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>39 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 47 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0055" file="imgb0055.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0056" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>31 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 40 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0056" file="imgb0056.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> et pour que les valeurs moyennes J<sub>3m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> et J<sub>25m</sub> de cinq essais JOMINY soient telles que :<maths id="math0057" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>|J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> x 14/22 - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> x 8 / 22| ≤ 2,5 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0057" file="imgb0057.tif" wi="90" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> et,<maths id="math0058" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 9 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0058" file="imgb0058.tif" wi="38" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0002" num="0002">
<claim-text>Procédé selon la revendication 1 <b>caractérisé en ce que</b> l'acier est tel que :<maths id="math0059" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 8 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0059" file="imgb0059.tif" wi="38" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><!-- EPO <DP n="10"> --></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0003" num="0003">
<claim-text>Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2 <b>caractérisé en ce que</b> les valeurs moyennes J<sub>7m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> et J<sub>25m</sub> de cinq essais JOMINY soient telles que :<maths id="math0060" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (4 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2,15</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0060" file="imgb0060.tif" wi="85" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0004" num="0004">
<claim-text>Procédé selon la revendication 1, la revendication 2 ou la revendication 3, <b>caractérisé en ce que</b> les valeurs moyennes J<sub>7m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> et J<sub>25m</sub> de cinq essais JOMINY soient telles que :<maths id="math0061" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (8 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0061" file="imgb0061.tif" wi="80" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0005" num="0005">
<claim-text>Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 <b>caractérisé en ce que</b> :<maths id="math0062" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,21 % ≤ C ≤ 0,25 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0062" file="imgb0062.tif" wi="42" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0063" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,1 % ≤ Si ≤ 0.45 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0063" file="imgb0063.tif" wi="41" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0064" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>1,1 % ≤ Mn ≤ 1,5 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0064" file="imgb0064.tif" wi="40" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0065" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,9 % ≤ Cr ≤ 1,4 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0065" file="imgb0065.tif" wi="39" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0066" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,09 % ≤ Mo ≤ 0,26 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0066" file="imgb0066.tif" wi="45" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0067" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Ni ≤ 0,6 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0067" file="imgb0067.tif" wi="36" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0068" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,005 % ≤ Al ≤ 0,05 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0068" file="imgb0068.tif" wi="45" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0069" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Cu ≤ 0,3 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0069" file="imgb0069.tif" wi="37" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0070" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,02 % ≤ S ≤ 0,09 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0070" file="imgb0070.tif" wi="42" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0071" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>P ≤ 0,03 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0071" file="imgb0071.tif" wi="22" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0072" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0,05%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0072" file="imgb0072.tif" wi="33" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><!-- EPO <DP n="11"> --></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0006" num="0006">
<claim-text>Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 <b>caractérisé en ce que</b> la teneur en azote de l'acier est comprise entre 0,004 % et 0,02 %.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0007" num="0007">
<claim-text>Acier de cémentation ou de carbonitruration <b>caractérisé en ce que</b> sa composition chimique comprend, en poids :<maths id="math0073" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,2 % ≤ C ≤ 0,26 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0073" file="imgb0073.tif" wi="40" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0074" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,05 % ≤ Si ≤ 0,5 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0074" file="imgb0074.tif" wi="41" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0075" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>1 % ≤ Mn ≤ 1,6 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0075" file="imgb0075.tif" wi="37" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0076" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,4 % ≤ Cr ≤ 1.5 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0076" file="imgb0076.tif" wi="39" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0077" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,08 % ≤ Mo ≤ 0,27 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0077" file="imgb0077.tif" wi="45" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0078" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Ni ≤ 0,6 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0078" file="imgb0078.tif" wi="36" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0079" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,003 % ≤ Al ≤ 0,06 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0079" file="imgb0079.tif" wi="45" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0080" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Cu ≤ 0,3 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0080" file="imgb0080.tif" wi="37" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0081" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ S ≤ 0,1 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0081" file="imgb0081.tif" wi="34" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0082" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>P ≤ 0,03 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0082" file="imgb0082.tif" wi="22" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0083" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0,05%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0083" file="imgb0083.tif" wi="33" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> éventuellement, jusqu'à 0,02 % de tellure, jusqu'à 0,04 % de sélénium, jusqu'à 0,07 % de plomb, jusqu'à 0,005 % de calcium, le reste étant du fer et des impuretés résultant de l'élaboration.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0008" num="0008">
<claim-text>Acier de cémentation ou de carbonitruration selon la revendication 7 <b>caractérisé en ce que</b> sa composition chimique est telle que :<maths id="math0084" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,21 % ≤ C ≤ 0,25 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0084" file="imgb0084.tif" wi="42" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0085" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,1 % ≤ Si ≤ 0,45 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0085" file="imgb0085.tif" wi="41" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0086" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>1,1 % ≤ Mn ≤ 1,5 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0086" file="imgb0086.tif" wi="40" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0087" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,9 % ≤ Cr ≤ 1,4 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0087" file="imgb0087.tif" wi="39" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0088" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,09 % ≤ Mo ≤ 0,26 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0088" file="imgb0088.tif" wi="45" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0089" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Ni ≤ 0,6 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0089" file="imgb0089.tif" wi="36" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0090" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,005 % ≤ Al ≤ 0,05 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0090" file="imgb0090.tif" wi="45" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0091" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Cu ≤ 0,3 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0091" file="imgb0091.tif" wi="37" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0092" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,02% ≤ S ≤ 0,09 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0092" file="imgb0092.tif" wi="40" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0093" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>P ≤ 0,03 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0093" file="imgb0093.tif" wi="22" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0094" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0,05%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0094" file="imgb0094.tif" wi="33" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><!-- EPO <DP n="12"> --></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0009" num="0009">
<claim-text>Acier de cémentation ou de carbonitruration selon la revendication 7 ou la revendication 8 <b>caractérisé en ce que</b> sa courbe JOMINY est telle que :<maths id="math0095" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>45 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 50 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0095" file="imgb0095.tif" wi="46" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0096" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>39 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 47 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0096" file="imgb0096.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0097" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>31 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 40 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0097" file="imgb0097.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> les valeurs moyennes J<sub>3m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> et J<sub>25m</sub> de cinq essais JOMINY étant telles que :<maths id="math0098" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>|J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> x 14 /22 - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> x 8 /22| ≤ 2,5 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0098" file="imgb0098.tif" wi="90" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> et,<maths id="math0099" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 9 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0099" file="imgb0099.tif" wi="38" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0010" num="0010">
<claim-text>Acier de cémentation ou de carbonitruration selon la revendication 9 <b>caractérisé en ce que</b> :<maths id="math0100" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 8 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0100" file="imgb0100.tif" wi="38" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0011" num="0011">
<claim-text>Acier de cémentation ou de carbonitruration selon la revendication 9 ou la revendication 10 <b>caractérisé en ce que</b> les valeurs moyennes J<sub>7m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> et J<sub>25m</sub> de cinq essais JOMINY soient telles que :<maths id="math0101" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (4 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2,15</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0101" file="imgb0101.tif" wi="85" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0012" num="0012">
<claim-text>Acier de cémentation ou de carbonitruration selon la revendication 9, la revendication 10 ou la revendication 11, <b>caractérisé en ce que</b> les valeurs moyennes J<sub>7m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> et J<sub>25m</sub> de cinq essais JOMINY soient telles que :<maths id="math0102" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (8 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0102" file="imgb0102.tif" wi="80" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0013" num="0013">
<claim-text>Acier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 12 <b>caractérisé en ce que</b> sa teneur en azote est comprise entre 0,004 % et 0,02 %.</claim-text></claim>
</claims><!-- EPO <DP n="13"> -->
<claims id="claims02" lang="de">
<claim id="c-de-01-0001" num="0001">
<claim-text>Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mechanischen Werkstücks aus Stahl, bei welchem man einen Rohling aus Stahl herstellt und eine Zementations- oder Carbonitrierungsbehandlung ggf. bei hoher Temperatur mindestens eines Teils der Oberfläche des Rohlings des Werkstücks vornimmt, <b>dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß</b> die chemische Zusammensetzung des Stahls, aus dem das Werkstück besteht, in Gewicht umfaßt:<maths id="math0103" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,2 % ≤ C ≤ 0,26 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0103" file="imgb0103.tif" wi="40" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0104" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,05 % ≤ Si ≤ 0,5 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0104" file="imgb0104.tif" wi="41" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0105" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>1 % ≤ Mn ≤ 1,6 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0105" file="imgb0105.tif" wi="37" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0106" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,4 % ≤ Cr ≤ 1,5 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0106" file="imgb0106.tif" wi="39" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0107" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,08 % ≤ Mo ≤ 0,27 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0107" file="imgb0107.tif" wi="45" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0108" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Ni ≤ 0,6 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0108" file="imgb0108.tif" wi="36" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0109" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,003% ≤ Al ≤ 0,06 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0109" file="imgb0109.tif" wi="43" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0110" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Cu ≤ 0,3 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0110" file="imgb0110.tif" wi="37" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0111" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ S ≤ 0,1 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0111" file="imgb0111.tif" wi="34" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0112" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>P ≤ 0,03 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0112" file="imgb0112.tif" wi="22" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0113" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Ti ≤ 0,05 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0113" file="imgb0113.tif" wi="38" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> ggf. bis 0,02 % Tellur, bis 0,04 % Selen, bis 0,07 % Blei, bis 0,005 % Calcium, wobei der Rest Eisen und durch die Bearbeitung entstandene Verunreinigungen sind, wobei die chemische Zusammensetzung so eingestellt ist, daß die Jominy-Kurve des Stahl so beschaffen ist, daß:<maths id="math0114" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>45 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 50 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0114" file="imgb0114.tif" wi="46" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0115" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>39 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 47 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0115" file="imgb0115.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0116" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>31 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 40 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0116" file="imgb0116.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><!-- EPO <DP n="14"> --> und daß die Mittelwerte J<sub>3m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> und J<sub>25m</sub> von fünf Jominy-Versuchen so beschaffen sind, daß:<maths id="math0117" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>|J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> x 14/22 - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> x 8/22| ≤ 2,5 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0117" file="imgb0117.tif" wi="86" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> und<maths id="math0118" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 9 HRC.</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0118" file="imgb0118.tif" wi="39" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0002" num="0002">
<claim-text>Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, <b>dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß</b> der Stahl so beschaffen ist, daß:<maths id="math0119" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 8 HRC.</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0119" file="imgb0119.tif" wi="39" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0003" num="0003">
<claim-text>Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, <b>dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß</b> die Mittelwerte J<sub>7m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> und J<sub>25m</sub> von fünf Jominy-Versuchen so beschaffen sind, daß:<maths id="math0120" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (4 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2,15.</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0120" file="imgb0120.tif" wi="86" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0004" num="0004">
<claim-text>Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, Anspruch 2 oder Anspruch 3, <b>dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß</b> die Mittelwerte J<sub>7m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> und J<sub>25m</sub> von fünf Jominy-Versuchen so beschaffen sind, daß:<maths id="math0121" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (8 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2.</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0121" file="imgb0121.tif" wi="81" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0005" num="0005">
<claim-text>Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, <b>dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß</b>:<maths id="math0122" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,21 % ≤ C ≤ 0,25 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0122" file="imgb0122.tif" wi="42" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0123" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,1 % ≤ Si ≤ 0,45 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0123" file="imgb0123.tif" wi="41" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0124" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>1,1 % ≤ Mn ≤ 1,5 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0124" file="imgb0124.tif" wi="40" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0125" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,9 % ≤ Cr ≤ 1,4 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0125" file="imgb0125.tif" wi="39" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0126" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,09 % ≤ Mo ≤ 0,26 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0126" file="imgb0126.tif" wi="45" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0127" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Ni ≤ 0,6 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0127" file="imgb0127.tif" wi="36" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0128" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,005% ≤ Al ≤ 0,05 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0128" file="imgb0128.tif" wi="43" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0129" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Cu ≤ 0,3 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0129" file="imgb0129.tif" wi="37" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0130" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,02 % ≤ S ≤ 0,09 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0130" file="imgb0130.tif" wi="42" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0131" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>P ≤ 0,03 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0131" file="imgb0131.tif" wi="22" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0132" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Ti ≤ 0,05 %.</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0132" file="imgb0132.tif" wi="38" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><!-- EPO <DP n="15"> --></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0006" num="0006">
<claim-text>Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, <b>dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß</b> der Stickstoffgehalt des Stahls zwischen 0,004 % und 0,02 % beträgt.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0007" num="0007">
<claim-text>Zementations- oder Carbonitrierungsstahl, <b>dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß</b> seine chemische Zusammensetzung in Gewicht umfaßt:<maths id="math0133" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,2 % ≤ C ≤ 0,26 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0133" file="imgb0133.tif" wi="40" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0134" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,05 % ≤ Si ≤ 0,5 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0134" file="imgb0134.tif" wi="41" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0135" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>1 % ≤ Mn ≤ 1,6 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0135" file="imgb0135.tif" wi="37" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0136" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,4 % ≤ Cn ≤ 1,5 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0136" file="imgb0136.tif" wi="40" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0137" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,08 % ≤ Mo ≤ 0,27 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0137" file="imgb0137.tif" wi="45" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0138" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Ni ≤ 0,6 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0138" file="imgb0138.tif" wi="36" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0139" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,003% ≤ Al ≤ 0,06 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0139" file="imgb0139.tif" wi="43" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0140" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Cu ≤ 0,3 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0140" file="imgb0140.tif" wi="37" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0141" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ S ≤ 0,1 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0141" file="imgb0141.tif" wi="34" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0142" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>P ≤ 0,03 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0142" file="imgb0142.tif" wi="22" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0143" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Ti ≤ 0,05 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0143" file="imgb0143.tif" wi="38" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> ggf. bis 0,02 % Tellur, bis 0,04 % Selen, bis 0,07 % Blei, bis 0,005 % Calcium, wobei der Rest Eisen und durch die Bearbeitung entstandene Verunreinigungen sind.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0008" num="0008">
<claim-text>Zementations- oder Carbonitrierungsstahl nach Anspruch 7, <b>dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß</b> seine chemische Zusammensetzung so beschaffen ist, daß:<maths id="math0144" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,21 % ≤ C ≤ 0,25 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0144" file="imgb0144.tif" wi="42" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0145" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,1 % ≤ Si ≤ 0,45 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0145" file="imgb0145.tif" wi="41" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0146" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>1,1 % ≤ Mn ≤ 1,5 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0146" file="imgb0146.tif" wi="40" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0147" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,9 % ≤ Cr ≤ 1,4 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0147" file="imgb0147.tif" wi="39" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0148" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,09 % ≤ Mo ≤ 0,26 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0148" file="imgb0148.tif" wi="45" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0149" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Ni ≤ 0,6 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0149" file="imgb0149.tif" wi="36" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0150" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,005% ≤ Al ≤ 0,05 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0150" file="imgb0150.tif" wi="43" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0151" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Cu ≤ 0,3 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0151" file="imgb0151.tif" wi="37" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0152" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0,02 % ≤ S ≤ 0,09 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0152" file="imgb0152.tif" wi="42" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><!-- EPO <DP n="16"> --><maths id="math0153" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>P ≤ 0,03 %</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0153" file="imgb0153.tif" wi="22" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0154" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0 % ≤ Ti ≤ 0,05 %.</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0154" file="imgb0154.tif" wi="38" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0009" num="0009">
<claim-text>Zementations- oder Carbonitrierungsstahl nach Anspruch 7 oder Anspruch 8, <b>dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß</b> seine Jominy-Kurve so beschaffen ist, daß:<maths id="math0155" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>45 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 50 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0155" file="imgb0155.tif" wi="46" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0156" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>39 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 47 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0156" file="imgb0156.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0157" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>31 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 40 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0157" file="imgb0157.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> wobei die Mittelwerte J<sub>3m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> und J<sub>25m</sub> von fünf Jominy-Versuchen so beschaffen sind, daß:<maths id="math0158" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>|J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> x 14/22 - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> x 8/22| ≤ 2,5 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0158" file="imgb0158.tif" wi="86" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> und<maths id="math0159" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 9 HRC.</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0159" file="imgb0159.tif" wi="39" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0010" num="0010">
<claim-text>Zementations- oder Carbonitrierungsstahl nach Anspruch 9, <b>dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß</b><maths id="math0160" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 8 HRC.</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0160" file="imgb0160.tif" wi="39" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0011" num="0011">
<claim-text>Zementations- oder Carbonitrierungsstahl nach Anspruch 9 oder Anspruch 10, <b>dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß</b> die Mittelwerte J<sub>7m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> und J<sub>25m</sub> von fünf Jominy-Versuchen so beschaffen sind, daß:<maths id="math0161" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (4 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2,15.</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0161" file="imgb0161.tif" wi="86" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0012" num="0012">
<claim-text>Zementations- oder Carbonitrierungsstahl nach Anspruch 9, Anspruch 10 oder Anspruch 11, <b>dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß</b> die Mittelwerte J<sub>7m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> und J<sub>25m</sub> von fünf Jominy-Versuchen so beschaffen sind, daß:<maths id="math0162" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (8 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2.</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0162" file="imgb0162.tif" wi="81" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0013" num="0013">
<claim-text>Stahl nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12, <b>dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß</b> sein Stickstoffgehalt zwischen 0,004 % und 0,02 % beträgt.</claim-text></claim>
</claims><!-- EPO <DP n="17"> -->
<claims id="claims03" lang="en">
<claim id="c-en-01-0001" num="0001">
<claim-text>Process for manufacturing a mechanical steel part wherein a steel blank is produced and a treatment of carburization or carbonitridation, optionally at high temperature, of at least part of the surface of the blank is carried out, <b>characterised in that</b> the chemical composition of the steel from which the part is made comprises, by weight:<maths id="math0163" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.2% ≤ C ≤ 0.26%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0163" file="imgb0163.tif" wi="36" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0164" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.05% ≤ Si ≤ 0.5%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0164" file="imgb0164.tif" wi="36" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0165" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>1% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.6%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0165" file="imgb0165.tif" wi="33" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0166" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.4% ≤ Cr ≤ 1.5%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0166" file="imgb0166.tif" wi="35" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0167" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.08% ≤ Mo ≤ 0.27%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0167" file="imgb0167.tif" wi="41" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0168" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Ni ≤ 0.6%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0168" file="imgb0168.tif" wi="32" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0169" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.003% ≤ Al ≤ 0.06%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0169" file="imgb0169.tif" wi="41" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0170" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Cu ≤ 0.3%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0170" file="imgb0170.tif" wi="33" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0171" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ S ≤ 0.1%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0171" file="imgb0171.tif" wi="30" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0172" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>P ≤ 0.03%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0172" file="imgb0172.tif" wi="20" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0173" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0.05%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0173" file="imgb0173.tif" wi="33" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> optionally up to 0.02% tellurium, up to 0.04% of selenium, up to 0.07% of lead, up to 0.005% of calcium, the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the production process, the chemical composition being adjusted so that the JOMINY curve of the steel is such that:<maths id="math0174" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>45 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 50 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0174" file="imgb0174.tif" wi="46" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0175" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>39 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 47 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0175" file="imgb0175.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0176" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>31 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 40 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0176" file="imgb0176.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><!-- EPO <DP n="18"> --> and so that the mean values J<sub>3m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> and J<sub>25m</sub> of five JOMINY tests are such that:<maths id="math0177" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>|J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> X 14/22 - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> x 8/22| ≤ 2.5 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0177" file="imgb0177.tif" wi="87" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> and<maths id="math0178" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 9 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0178" file="imgb0178.tif" wi="38" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0002" num="0002">
<claim-text>Process according to claim 1, <b>characterised in that</b> the steel is such that:<maths id="math0179" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 8 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0179" file="imgb0179.tif" wi="38" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0003" num="0003">
<claim-text>Process according to claim 1 or claim 2, <b>characterised in that</b> the mean values J<sub>7m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> and J<sub>25m</sub> of five JOMINY tests are such that:<maths id="math0180" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (4 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2.15</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0180" file="imgb0180.tif" wi="85" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0004" num="0004">
<claim-text>Process according to claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, <b>characterised in that</b> the mean values J<sub>7m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> and J<sub>25m</sub> of five JOMINY tests are such that:<maths id="math0181" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (8 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>) ≤ 2</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0181" file="imgb0181.tif" wi="79" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0005" num="0005">
<claim-text>Process according to one of claims 1 to 4, <b>characterised in that</b>:<maths id="math0182" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.21% ≤ C ≤ 0.25%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0182" file="imgb0182.tif" wi="38" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0183" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.1% ≤ Si ≤ 0.45%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0183" file="imgb0183.tif" wi="36" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0184" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>1.1% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.5%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0184" file="imgb0184.tif" wi="36" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0185" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.9% ≤ Cr ≤ 1.4%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0185" file="imgb0185.tif" wi="35" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0186" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.09% ≤ Mo ≤ 0.26%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0186" file="imgb0186.tif" wi="41" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0187" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Ni ≤ 0.6%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0187" file="imgb0187.tif" wi="32" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0188" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.005% ≤ Al ≤ 0.05%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0188" file="imgb0188.tif" wi="41" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0189" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Cu ≤ 0.3%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0189" file="imgb0189.tif" wi="33" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><!-- EPO <DP n="19"> --><maths id="math0190" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.02% ≤ S ≤ 0.09%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0190" file="imgb0190.tif" wi="37" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0191" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>P ≤ 0.03%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0191" file="imgb0191.tif" wi="20" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0192" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0.05%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0192" file="imgb0192.tif" wi="33" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0006" num="0006">
<claim-text>Process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, <b>characterised in that</b> the nitrogen content of the steel is between 0.004% and 0.02%.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0007" num="0007">
<claim-text>Carburized or carbonitrided steel, <b>characterised in that</b> its chemical composition comprises, by weight:<maths id="math0193" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.2% ≤ C ≤ 0.26%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0193" file="imgb0193.tif" wi="36" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0194" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.05% ≤ Si ≤ 0.5%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0194" file="imgb0194.tif" wi="36" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0195" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>1% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.6%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0195" file="imgb0195.tif" wi="33" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0196" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.4% ≤ Cr ≤ 1.5%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0196" file="imgb0196.tif" wi="35" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0197" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.08% ≤ Mo ≤ 0.27%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0197" file="imgb0197.tif" wi="41" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0198" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Ni ≤ 0.6%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0198" file="imgb0198.tif" wi="32" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0199" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.003% ≤ Al ≤ 0.06%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0199" file="imgb0199.tif" wi="41" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0200" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Cu ≤ 0.3%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0200" file="imgb0200.tif" wi="33" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0201" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ S ≤ 0.1%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0201" file="imgb0201.tif" wi="30" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0202" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>P ≤ 0.03%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0202" file="imgb0202.tif" wi="20" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0203" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0.05%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0203" file="imgb0203.tif" wi="33" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> optionally up to 0.02% tellurium, up to 0.04% of selenium, up to 0.07% of lead, up to 0.005% of calcium, the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the production process.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0008" num="0008">
<claim-text>Carburized or carbonitrided steel according to claim 7, <b>characterised in that</b> its chemical composition is such that:<maths id="math0204" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.21% ≤ C ≤ 0.25%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0204" file="imgb0204.tif" wi="38" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0205" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.1% ≤ Si ≤ 0.45%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0205" file="imgb0205.tif" wi="36" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0206" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>1.1% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.5%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0206" file="imgb0206.tif" wi="36" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0207" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.9% ≤ Cr ≤ 1.4%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0207" file="imgb0207.tif" wi="35" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><!-- EPO <DP n="20"> --><maths id="math0208" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.09% ≤ Mo ≤ 0.26%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0208" file="imgb0208.tif" wi="41" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0209" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Ni ≤ 0.6%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0209" file="imgb0209.tif" wi="32" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0210" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.005% ≤ Al ≤ 0.05%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0210" file="imgb0210.tif" wi="41" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0211" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Cu ≤ 0.3%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0211" file="imgb0211.tif" wi="33" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0212" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0.02% ≤ S ≤ 0.09%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0212" file="imgb0212.tif" wi="37" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0213" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>P ≤ 0.03%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0213" file="imgb0213.tif" wi="20" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0214" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><mtext>0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0.05%</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0214" file="imgb0214.tif" wi="33" he="4" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0009" num="0009">
<claim-text>Carburized or carbonitrided steel according to claim 7 or 8, <b>characterised in that</b> its JOMINY curve is such that:<maths id="math0215" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>45 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 50 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0215" file="imgb0215.tif" wi="46" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0216" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>39 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 47 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0216" file="imgb0216.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><maths id="math0217" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>31 HRC ≤ J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 40 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0217" file="imgb0217.tif" wi="48" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> the mean values J<sub>3m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> and J<sub>25m</sub> of five JOMINY tests being such that:<maths id="math0218" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>|J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> x 14/22 - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> x 8/22| ≤ 2.5 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0218" file="imgb0218.tif" wi="86" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths> and<maths id="math0219" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 9 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0219" file="imgb0219.tif" wi="38" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0010" num="0010">
<claim-text>Carburized or carbonitrided steel according to claim 9, <b>characterised in that</b>:<maths id="math0220" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>3m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext> ≤ 8 HRC</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0220" file="imgb0220.tif" wi="38" he="5" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0011" num="0011">
<claim-text>Carburized or carbonitrided steel according to claim 9 or claim 10, <b>characterised in that</b> the mean values J<sub>7m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> and J<sub>25m</sub> of five JOMINY tests are such that:<maths id="math0221" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>11m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (4 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2.15</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0221" file="imgb0221.tif" wi="85" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths><!-- EPO <DP n="21"> --></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0012" num="0012">
<claim-text>Carburized or carbonitrided steel according to claim 9, claim 10 or claim 11, <b>characterised in that</b> the mean values J<sub>7m</sub>, J<sub>11m</sub>, J<sub>15m</sub> and J<sub>25m</sub> of five JOMINY tests are such that:<maths id="math0222" num=""><math display="block"><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>10 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>7m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext>) / (8 x (J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>15m</mtext></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mtext> - J</mtext></mrow><mrow><mtext>25m</mtext></mrow></msub><mtext>)) ≤ 2</mtext></mrow></math><img id="ib0222" file="imgb0222.tif" wi="80" he="6" img-content="math" img-format="tif"/></maths></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0013" num="0013">
<claim-text>Steel according to any one claims 7 to 12, <b>characterised in that</b> its nitrogen content is between 0.004% and 0.02%.</claim-text></claim>
</claims>
</ep-patent-document>
