Electromagnetically-powered valve operating apparatus of automative internal combustion engine

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine and an electromagnetically-powered valve operating apparatus according to the preamble portion of claim 1.

Description of the Prior Art

[0002] A valve operating system for an intemal combustion engine in a vehicle of the above type is disclosed, for instance, in US 5,669,341.

[0003] In recent years, there have been proposed and developed various automotive valve operating apparatus each of which has electromagnetically-operated valve units for electromagnetically opening and closing intake and exhaust valves. Such automotive valve operating apparatus having electromagnetically-operated valve units have been disclosed in Japanese Patent Provisional Publication Nos. 61-247807, 7-324609, and 9-256825.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] Opening and closing actions of an exhaust valve tend to be both affected by residual in-cylinder pressure, still remaining in the combustion chamber when opening the exhaust valve at the end of the combustion stroke and when closing the exhaust valve at the end of the exhaust stroke. On the other hand, only an intake pressure having a comparatively low pressure level acts on an intake valve. From the viewpoint discussed above, the inventor of the invention discovers that it is desirable to downsize only an electromagnetically-operated intake-port valve unit in comparison with an electromagnetically-operated exhaust-port valve unit. Hitherto, a specification (size and type) of an electromagnetically-operated intake-valve unit and a specification of an electromagnetically-operated exhaust-valve unit were identical to each other, thus increasing the total size of an engine cylinder head in a vertical direction of the engine as well as in a direction of its width. As a result, an engine-hood line must be designed to be higher. This reduces design flexibility in a limited space of the engine. Also, the electromagnetically-operated intake-valve unit uses the same large-sized electromagnetic coils as the electromagnetically-operated exhaust-valve unit, thereby resulting in an increase in electric-power consumption.

[0005] Accordingly, it is a principal object of the invention to provide a valve-operating apparatus of an automotive internal combustion engine having electromagnetically-operated valve units, which avoids the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art.

[0006] It is another object of the invention to provide a small-sized valve-operating apparatus of an automotive internal combustion engine having electromagnetically-operated valve units, which can compactly design in the vicinity of a cylinder head, and reduce electric-power consumption.

[0007] In order to accomplish the aforementioned and other objects of the present invention, claim 1 provides a suitable vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine and an electromagnetically-powered valve operating apparatus. Said vehicle according to claim 1 comprises a first valve operating unit adapted to be connected to an intake valve located in a cylinder head, the first valve operating unit comprising a first flanged plunger connected to a valve stem of the intake valve and having a flanged portion, a first pair of electromagnetic coils respectively facing to both faces of the flanged portion of the first flanged plunger, and a first pair of coil springs permanently biasing the valve stem of the intake valve respectively in a direction opening the intake valve and in a direction closing the intake valve, the first pair of coil springs cooperating with the first pair of electromagnetic coils for electromagnetically opening and closing the intake valve by electromagnetic force plus spring bias, a second valve operating unit adapted to be connected to an exhaust valve located in the cylinder head, the second valve operating unit comprising a second flanged plunger connected to a valve stem of the exhaust valve and having a flanged portion, a second pair of electromagnetic coils respectively facing to both faces of the flanged portion of the second flanged plunger, and a second pair of coil springs permanently biasing the valve stem of the exhaust valve respectively in a direction opening the exhaust valve and in a direction closing the exhaust valve, the second pair of coil springs cooperating with the second pair of electromagnetic coils for electromagnetically opening and closing the exhaust valve by electromagnetic force plus spring bias, the vehicle being characterised in that the first valve operating unit is relatively down-sized in comparison with the second valve operating unit, so that a spring height of each of the first pair of coil springs is set at a smaller value by setting a spring bias of each of the first pair of coil springs at a lower value than each of the second pair of coil springs, and so that a coil outside diameter and a coil height of each of the first pair of electromagnetic coils are both reduced by reducing a number of turns of each of the first pair of electromagnetic coils and by weakening a magnitude of electromagnetic force created by each of the first pair of electromagnetic coils in comparison with each of the second pair of electromagnetic coils.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] 

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a first embodiment of the valve operating apparatus of the invention, combined with an internal combustion engine transversely placed with respect to the x-axis of a vehicle axis system (x, y, z).

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a second embodiment of the valve operating apparatus of the invention, combined with an internal combustion engine transversely placed with respect to the x-axis of the vehicle axis system (x, y, z), and slanted to the front side.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a third embodiment of the valve operating apparatus of the invention, combined with an internal combustion engine longitudinally placed with respect to the y-axis of the vehicle axis system (x, y, z), and slanted to one side of the vehicle.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a fourth embodiment of the valve operating apparatus of the invention, combined with a V-type internal combustion engine longitudinally placed with respect to the y-axis of a vehicle axis system (x, y, z).

Fig. 5 is a graph illustrating the relationship among an exhaust-valve open timing (EVO), an intake-valve open timing (IVO), and an in-cylinder pressure in the combustion chamber.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] Referring now to the drawings, particularly to Fig. 1, the electromagnetically-powered valve operating apparatus of the invention is exemplified in an in-line internal combustion engine transversely mounted with respect to the x-axis of a vehicle axis system (x, y, z). As seen in Fig. 1, a cylinder head denoted by reference sign 1 is formed with an intake-air port (simply an intake port) 2 and an exhaust-air port (simply an exhaust port)4. An intake valve 3 is located in the cylinder head 1 for opening and closing the intake port 2, while an exhaust valve 5 is located in the cylinder head 1 for opening and closing the exhaust port 4. In the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the engine is transversely placed on its engine mounting so that the side of installation of the intake valve 3 is directed in the front of the vehicle, whereas the side of installation of the exhaust valve 5 is directed in the rear of the vehicle. The valve operating apparatus of the first embodiment has an intake-valve side valve operating unit 10 (see the front half of the cylinder head 1) and an exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20 (see the rear half of the cylinder head 1). The intake-valve side valve operating unit 10 is provided for electromagnetically opening and closing the intake valve 3, while the exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20 is provided for electromagnetically opening and closing the exhaust valve 5.

[0010] The intake-valve side valve operating unit 10 comprises a contact 3b fitted onto the valve stem 3a of the intake valve 3, a flanged plunger unit 11 having a plunger rod (or a plunger holding rod) 12 whose lower end is in abutted-engagement with the contact 3b, upper and lower electromagnetic coils 13 and 14 arranged coaxially around the plunger rod 12 in a manner so as to respectively face to upper and lower flat-faced surfaces of the flanged portion of the flanged plunger unit 11, a lower coil spring unit 15 permanently biasing the valve stem 3a in a direction closing the intake valve 3, and an upper coil spring unit 16 permanently biasing the valve stem 3a in a direction opening the intake valve 3. The lower coil spring unit 15 comprises a coiled helical compression spring and a spring retainer fixedly connected to the valve stem 3a for retaining one end (an upper end) of the coiled helical compression spring. The other end (a lower end) of the coiled helical compression spring of the lower coil spring unit 15 is seated on a spring seat (not numbered) fixed to the cylinder head. On the other hand, the upper coil spring unit 16 is located at the upper end of the intake-valve side valve operating unit 10 in such a manner as to permanently spring-load the upper end of the plunger rod 12 in the opening direction of the intake valve 3. In more detail, the upper coil spring unit 16 comprises a coiled helical compression spring and a spring retainer (not numbered) fixedly connected to the uppermost end of the plunger rod 12 for retaining one end (a lower end) of the coiled helical compression spring, and a cylindrical hollow spring casing (not numbered) serving as a spring seat for the other end (an upper end) of the coiled helical compression spring. When the lower electromagnetic coil 14 of the intake-valve side valve operating unit 10 is activated, the flanged portion of the flanged plunger 11 is attracted downwards in one axial direction of the plunger rod 12 by way of attraction force (electromagnetic force electromagnetically produced) created by the coil 14 energized, with the result that the intake valve 3 is opened. Conversely, when the upper electromagnetic coil 13 of the intake-valve side valve operating unit 10 is activated, the flanged portion of the flanged plunger 11 is attracted upwards in the other axial direction of the plunger rod 12 by way of attraction force created by the coil 13 energized, with the result that the intake valve 3 is closed. The helical compression spring of the lower coil spring unit 15 is provided for holding the closed state of the intake valve 3, whereas the helical compression spring of the upper coil spring unit 16 is provided for holding the opened state of the intake valve 3. The upper electromagnetic coil 13 has the same standard (the same specification, that is, the same number of turns of wire and the nominal size (inside and outside diameters) of wire) as the lower electromagnetic coil 14, while the coiled helical spring of the lower coil spring unit 15 has the same standard (the same specification, that is, the same spring stiffness and the same spring size and dimensions) as that of the upper coil spring unit 16. The electromagnetic coils (13, 14) and the coil spring units (15, 16) cooperate with each other to electromagnetically open and close the intake valve 3 by way of electromagnetic force plus spring bias.

[0011] On the other hand, the exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20 comprises a contact 5b fitted onto the valve stem 5a of the exhaust valve 5, a flanged plunger unit 21 having a plunger rod (or a plunger holding rod) 22 whose lower end is in abutted-engagement with the contact 5b, upper and lower electromagnetic coils 23 and 24 arranged coaxially around the plunger rod 22 in a manner so as to respectively face to upper and lower flat-faced surfaces of the flanged portion of the flanged plunger unit 21, a lower coil spring unit 25 permanently biasing the valve stem 5a in a direction closing the exhaust valve 5, and an upper coil spring unit 26 permanently biasing the valve stem 5a in a direction opening the exhaust valve 5. The lower coil spring unit 25 comprises a coiled helical compression spring and a spring retainer fixedly connected to the valve stem 5a for retaining one end (an upper end) of the coiled helical compression spring. The other end (a lower end) of the coiled helical compression spring of the lower coil spring unit 25 is seated on a spring seat (not numbered) fixed to the cylinder head. The upper coil spring unit 26 is located at the upper end of the exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20 in such a manner as to permanently spring-load the upper end of the plunger rod 22 in the opening direction of the exhaust valve 5. In more detail, the upper coil spring unit 26 comprises a coiled helical compression spring and a spring retainer (not numbered) fixedly connected to the uppermost end of the plunger rod 22 for retaining one end (a lower end) of the coiled helical compression spring, and a cylindrical hollow spring casing (not numbered) serving as a spring seat for the other end (an upper end) of the coiled helical compression spring. When the lower electromagnetic coil 24 of the exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20 is activated, the flanged portion of the flanged plunger 21 is attracted downwards in one axial direction of the plunger rod 22 by way of attraction force created by the coil 24 energized, with the result that the exhaust valve 5 is opened. Conversely, when the upper electromagnetic coil 23 of the exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20 is activated, the flanged portion of the flanged plunger 21 is attracted upwards in the other axial direction of the plunger rod 22 by way of attraction force created by the coil 23 energized, with the result that the exhaust valve 5 is closed. The helical compression spring of the lower coil spring unit 25 is provided for holding the closed state of the exhaust valve 5, whereas the helical compression spring of the upper coil spring unit 26 is provided for holding the opened state of the exhaust valve 5. The upper electromagnetic coil 23 has the same standard (the same specification, that is, the same number of turns of wire and the nominal size (inside and outside diameters) of wire) as the lower electromagnetic coil 24, while the coiled helical spring of the lower coil spring unit 25 has the same standard (the same specification, that is, the same spring stiffness and the same spring size and dimensions) as that of the upper coil spring unit 26. The electromagnetic coils (23, 24) and the coil spring units (25, 26) cooperate with each other to electromagnetically open and close the exhaust valve 5 by way of electromagnetic force plus spring bias.

[0012] Referring now to Fig. 5, there is shown the diagram of in-cylinder pressure plotted against crank angle. In Fig. 5, EVO denotes an exhaust-valve open timing of the exhaust valve 5, IVO denotes an intake-valve open timing of the intake valve 3, PE corresponds to a pressure level of residual pressure, still remaining in the combustion chamber and acting on the valve head of the exhaust valve 5 when opening the exhaust valve 5 at the end of the combustion stroke (before BDC), and PI corresponds to a pressure level of intake pressure acting on the valve head of the intake valve 3 when opening the intake valve 3 at the beginning of the intake stroke (at TDC). As can be appreciated from the graph of Fig. 5, the valve head of the exhaust valve 5 receives the residual pressure PE (having a comparatively high pressure level) remaining in the combustion chamber at the end of the combustion stroke. As discussed above, in order to properly satisfactorily open and close the exhaust valve 5, the coiled helical compression springs of the coil spring units (25, 26) included in the exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20 must be designed to produce a spring bias enough to overcome the resultant force of the residual in-cylinder pressure PE, a frictional force (the resistance against sliding movement of the plunger rod 22 reciprocating in the inner peripheries of the two electromagnetic coils 23 and 24, and the resistance against reciprocating movement of the valve stem 5a of the exhaust valve 5). In order to produce an electromagnetic force substantially corresponding to the magnitude of the spring bias of the coiled helical compression springs of the coil spring units (25, 26), each of the electromagnetic coils 23 and 24 uses a large number of turns. As a consequence, as compared to the intake-valve side valve operating unit 10, the size of the exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20 is large. On the other hand, the intake valve 3 opens at a time when the residual pressure in the combustion chamber drops and thus the in-cylinder pressure almost reaches the intake pressure PI (intake manifold pressure). In other words, it is possible to open the intake valve 3 by a spring bias slightly greater than a frictional force (the resistance against sliding movement of the plunger rod 12 reciprocating in the inner peripheries of the two electromagnetic coils 13 and 14, and the resistance against reciprocating movement of the valve stem 3a). For the reasons set out above, a spring bias (or a spring stiffness or a spring constant) of each of the coiled helical compression springs of the coil spring units 15 and 16 included in the intake-valve side valve operating unit 10, is designed to be lower than that of each of the coiled helical compression springs of the coil spring units 25 and 26 included in the exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20. In other words, preload of each of the coil spring units (15, 16) of the intake-valve side valve operating unit 10 is set at a lower level than that of each of the coil spring units (25, 26) of the exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20, to such an extent that the preload of the intake-valve side coil spring unit overcomes the resistance against sliding movement of the plunger rod 12 reciprocating in the inner peripheries of the two electromagnetic coils 13 and 14, and the resistance against reciprocating movement of the valve stem 3a. As a result, under a preload condition where the intake-valve side valve operating unit 10 and the exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20 are installed on the cylinder head, the axial length (or the spring height) of each of the intake-valve side coil springs (15, 16) is shorter than that of each of the exhaust-valve side coil springs (25, 26). In order to produce an electromagnetic force substantially corresponding to the magnitude of the spring bias of the coiled helical compression springs of the intake-valve side coil spring units (15, 16), each of the electromagnetic coils 13 and 14 uses a small number of turns, thereby producing a relatively reduced electromagnetic force, in comparison with each of the electromagnetic coils 23 and 24 of the exhaust-valve side. The reduced number of turns of each of the coils (13, 14) included in the intake-valve side valve operating unit 10 results in a more reduced electromagnetic-coil height as well as a more reduced electromagnetic-coil outside diameter. As a result of this, the total size (the entire height and the outside diameter) of the intake-valve side valve operating unit 10 is reduced in comparison with that of the exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20. According to the electromagnetically-powered valve operating apparatus of the first embodiment, when comparing the intake-valve side valve operating unit 10 with the exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20, the spring height (the axial length) of each of the coiled helical compression springs of the coil spring units (15, 16) is dimensioned to be relatively short, the coil height and the coil diameter of each of the coils (13, 14) are both dimensioned to be relatively small. This enables downsizing of the intake-valve side valve operating unit 10. This permits the surroundings of the cylinder head 1 to be compactly designed. This also enhances design flexibility in engine-mounting (the degree of freedom in engine lay-out). Additionally, each of the electromagnetic coils 13 and 14 is small-sized in due consideration of the relatively reduced size (the reduced spring bias or the reduced spring stiffness) of each of the coil spring (15, 16), such that its electromagnetic force is lowered or weakened as compared to the respective coil (23, 24) included in the exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20. This reduces electric-power consumption. In the first embodiment, the electromagnetically-powered valve operating apparatus of the invention is applied to a case of an internal combustion engine transversely mounted, in which the relatively-small-sized intake-valve side valve operating unit 10 faces to the front of the vehicle and the relatively-large-sized exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20 faces to the rear of the vehicle. The height from the ground to the uppermost end of the front half of the cylinder head, which uppermost end is determined by the tip of the intake-valve side valve operating unit 10, is somewhat lowered as compared to the height from the ground to the uppermost end of the rear half of the cylinder head. This facilitates a slanted nose of the vehicle (see the slanted hood line of an engine hood 30 of the transversely-mounted engine shown in Fig. 1), and also enlarges the degree of freedom of modeling of the front portion of the vehicle body. The layout of the electromagnetically-powered valve operating apparatus of the first embodiment (with the relatively-small-sized intake-valve side valve operating unit 10 facing to the front of the vehicle and the relatively-large-sized exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20 facing to the rear of the vehicle), as seen in Fig. 1, is useful to a particular case where the engine is transversely mounted in an upright state shown in Fig. 1 or in a backwardly-slanted state (not shown). In other words, the layout of the valve operating apparatus of the first embodiment is useful for a particular case that the engine is transversely mounted in the upright state so that the engine centerline (indicated by one-dotted line in Fig. 1) of the internal combustion engine is substantially parallel to the z-axis of the vehicle axis system (x, y, z). The layout of the valve operating apparatus of the first embodiment is also useful for a particular case that the engine is transversely mounted in the backwardly-slanted state so that the engine centerline of the internal combustion engine is inclined backwards from the z-axis of the vehicle axis system (x, y, z).

[0013] Referring now to Fig. 2, there is shown the second embodiment of the electromagnetically-powered valve operating apparatus in combination with an in-line internal combustion engine transversely mounted with respect to the x-axis of the vehicle axis system (x, y, z). In contrast to the electromagnetically-powered valve operating apparatus of the first embodiment (Fig. 1), in the electromagnetically-powered valve operating apparatus of the second embodiment the relatively-small-sized intake-valve side valve operating unit 10 is installed on the rear half of the cylinder head 1 so that the intake-valve side valve operating unit 10 faces to the rear of the vehicle, whereas the relatively-large-sized exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20 is installed on the front half of the cylinder head 1 so that the exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20 faces to the front of the vehicle. As shown in Fig. 2, the engine is slanted forwards by a forwardly-slanted angle θ₁. In the second embodiment, the relatively-small-sized intake-valve side valve operating units 10 are mounted transversely with respect to the x-axis of the vehicle axis system (x, y, z) and placed on the rear half of the cylinder head 1, and thus it is possible to straighten an intake manifold (not shown). This facilitates the layout of the induction system, and also reduces the resistance against mass flow of induced fresh air, thus enhancing the engine performance (particularly engine power output). In case of the electromagnetically-power valve operating apparatus of the second embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the relatively-large-sized exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20 is transversely placed on the front half of the cylinder head 1 in such a manner as to face to the front of the vehicle, but, the engine is slanted forwards by the slant angle θ₁. The forwardly-slanted engine design contributes to reduction in the height from the ground to the uppermost end of the front half of the cylinder head (i.e., the height from the ground to the hood line), thus permitting the slant-nose design. Additionally, The forwardly-slanted engine design reduces the height from the ground to an exhaust manifold (not shown) of the transversely-placed engine. This decreases the length of the exhaust system between the exhaust manifold and an exhaust emission control device (not shown), thereby enhancing temperature-rise characteristics of the exhaust emission control device, and consequently improving the exhaust emission performance.

[0014] Referring now to Fig. 3, there is shown the third embodiment of the electromagnetically-powered valve operating apparatus in combination with an in-line internal combustion engine longitudinally mounted with respect to the y-axis of the vehicle axis system (x, y, z). As seen in Fig. 3, in the electromagnetically-powered valve operating apparatus of the third embodiment, the engine is slanted to one side (that is, a side of installation of the exhaust valve 5) by a transversely-slanted angle θ₂, so that the height (H₁) from the ground to the uppermost end of the relatively-large-sized exhaust-valve side valve operating unit 20 is substantially equal to the height (H₁) from the ground to the uppermost end of the relatively-small-sized intake-valve side valve operating unit 10. Even in case that the valve operating apparatus of the invention is applied to the longitudinally-placed engine, the previously-discussed transversely-slanted engine layout (of the transversely-slanted angle θ₂,) contributes to reduction in the total height H₁ of the cylinder head 1 from the ground. This enlarges the degree of freedom of modeling of the front portion (containing the engine hood 30) of the vehicle body.

[0015] Referring to Fig. 4, there is shown the fourth embodiment of the electromagnetically-powered valve operating apparatus in combination with a V-type internal combustion engine longitudinally mounted with respect to the y-axis of the vehicle axis system (x, y, z) and having engine cylinders arranged in two banks set at an angle (see two cylinder blocks (6, 6) shown in Fig. 4). In the valve operating apparatus of the fourth embodiment, the relatively-small-sized intake-valve side valve operating units (10, 10) installed on the two cylinder heads (1, 1) are located at the inside of the V- type engine (that is, the inside halves of the two cylinder heads, these inside halves facing to each other), while the relatively-large-sized exhaust-valve side valve operating units (20, 20) installed on the two cylinder heads (1, 1) are located at the outside of the V-type engine (that is, the outside halves of the two cylinder heads, these outside halves facing apart from each other). As clearly seen in Fig. 4, in the fourth embodiment, the relatively-small-sized intake-valve side valve operating units (10, 10) are mounted on the respective inside halves of the two cylinder heads (1, 1) set at the V type. With this arrangement, the induction system can be easily located or concentrated in the vicinity of the center of the V-type engine. This facilitates the layout of the induction system. Additionally, the height from the ground to the uppermost end of each of the relatively-small-sized intake-valve side valve operating units (10, 10) corresponds to the total height H₂ of the cylinder heads (1, 1) from the ground, thereby effectively reducing the height H₂ of the cylinder heads (1, 1). This enlarges the degree of freedom of modeling of the front portion (containing the engine hood 30) of the vehicle body and enhances design flexibility. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, although the relatively-small-sized intake-valve side valve operating units (10, 10) are arranged inside of the V layout, the relatively-large-sized exhaust-valve side valve operating units (20, 20) may be arranged inside of the V layout, while arranging the relatively-small-sized intake-valve side valve operating units (10, 10) at the outside of the V-type engine. In this modification, there is a tendency for the height H₂ from the ground to the tip ends of the cylinder heads (1, 1) to be somewhat high in comparison with the example shown in Fig. 4. In lieu thereof, the modification has the merit of reduced entire width of the V-type engine.

[0016] While the foregoing is a description of the preferred embodiments carried out the invention, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments shown and described herein, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of this invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine and an electromagnetically-powered valve operating apparatus comprising:

a first valve operating unit (10) adapted to be connected to an intake valve (3) located in a cylinder head (1);
said first valve operating unit (10) comprising
a first flanged plunger (11) connected to a valve stem (3a) of the intake valve (3) and having a flanged portion,
a first pair of electromagnetic coils (13,14) respectively facing to both faces of the flanged portion of said first flanged plunger (11), and
a first pair of coil springs (15,16) permanently biasing the valve stem (3a) of the intake valve (3) respectively in a direction opening the intake valve (3) and in a direction closing the intake valve (3), said first pair of coil springs (15,16) cooperating with said first pair of electromagnetic coils (13,14) for electromagnetically opening and closing the intake valve (3) by electromagnetic force plus spring bias;

a second valve operating unit (20) adapted to be connected to an exhaust valve (5) located in the cylinder head (1); said second valve operating unit (20) comprising
a second flanged plunger (21) connected to a valve stem (5a) of the exhaust valve (5) and having a flanged portion,
a second pair of electromagnetic coils (23,24) respectively facing to both faces of the flanged portion of said second flanged plunger (21), and
a second pair of coil springs (25,26) permanently biasing the valve stem (5a) of the exhaust valve (5) respectively in a direction opening the exhaust valve (5) and in a direction closing the exhaust valve (5), said second pair of coil springs (25,26) cooperating with said second pair of electromagnetic coils (23,24) for electromagnetically opening and dosing the exhaust valve (5) by electromagnetic force plus spring bias, characterised in that
said first valve operating unit (10) is relatively down-sized in comparison with said second valve operating unit (20), so that a spring height of each of said first pair of coil springs (15,16) is set at a smaller value by setting a spring bias of each of said first pair of coil springs (15,16) at a lower value than each of said second pair of coil springs (25,26), and so that a coil outside diameter and a coil height of each of said first pair of electromagnetic coils (13,14) are both reduced by reducing a number of turns of each of said first pair of electromagnetic coils (13,14) and by weakening a magnitude of electromagnetic force created by each of said first pair of electromagnetic coils (13,14) in comparison with each of said second pair of electromagnetic coils (23,24).

2. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine is transversely mounted with respect to a x-axis of a vehicle axis System (x, y, z), so that said first valve operating unit (10) faces to the front of the automotive vehicle and said second valve operating unit (20) faces to the rear of the automotive vehicle.

3. The vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the internal combustion engine, transversely mounted with respect to the x-axis of the vehicle axis system (x, y, z), is in an upright state, so that an engine centerline of the internal combustion engine is substantially parallel to a z-axis of the vehicle axis system (x, y, z).

4. The vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the internal combustion engine, transversely mounted with respect to the x-axis of the vehicle axis system (x, y, z), is in a backwardly-slanted state, so that an engine centerline of the internal combustion engine is inclined backwards from the z-axis of the vehicle axis system (x, y, z).

5. The vehide according to claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine is transversely mounted with respect to the x-axis of the vehicle axis system (x, y, z) and slanted toward the front of the automotive vehicle, so that said first valve operating unit (10) faces to the rear of the automotive vehicle and said second valve operating unit (20) faces to the front of the automotive vehicle.

6. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine is longitudinally mounted with respect to the y-axis of the vehicle axis system (x, y, z) and slanted toward one side of the automotive vehicle, so that the internal combustion engine is slanted toward a side of installation of said second valve operating unit (20) by a predetermined slant angle.

7. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine comprises a V-type engine having two cylinder heads respectively arranged in two banks set at an angle and longitudinally mounted with respect to the y-axis of the vehicle axis system (x, y, z), and wherein said first valve operating unit (10) is installed on each of inside halves of the cylinder heads (1), and said second valve operating unit (20) is installed on each of outside halves of the cylinder heads (1), said inside halves face to each other and said outside halves face apart from each other.

Ansprüche

1. Fahrzeug, das einen Verbrennungsmotor und eine elektromagnetisch angetriebene Ventilbetätigungsvorrichtung umfasst, die umfasst:

eine erste Ventilbetätigungseinheit (10), die so eingerichtet ist, dass sie mit einem Einlassventil (3) verbunden ist, das sich in einem Zylinderkopf (1) befindet;
wobei die erste Ventilbetätigungseinheit (10) einen ersten mit Flansch versehenen Kolben (11), der mit einem Ventilschaft (3a) des Einlassventils (3) verbunden ist und einen mit Flansch versehenen Abschnitt hat,
ein erstes Paar elektromagnetischer Spulen (13, 14), die jeweils beiden Flächen des mit Flansch versehenen Abschnitts des ersten mit Flansch versehenen Kolbens (11) zugewandt sind, und
ein erstes Paar Spulen-Federn (15, 16) umfasst, die den Ventilschaft (3a) des Einlassventils (3) permanent in eine Richtung zum Öffnen des Einlassventils (3) bzw. in eine Richtung zum Schließen des Einlassventils (3) spannen, wobei das erste Paar Spulen-Federn (15, 16) mit dem ersten Paar elektromagnetischer Spulen (13, 14) zusammenwirkt, um das Ansaugventil (3) durch elektromagnetische Kraft und Federspannung elektromagnetisch zu öffnen und zu schließen;

eine zweite Ventilbetätigungseinheit (20), die so eingerichtet ist, dass sie mit einem Auslassventil (5) verbunden ist, das sich in dem Zylinderkopf (1) befindet, wobei die zweite Ventilbetätigungseinheit (20)
einen zweiten mit Flansch versehenen Kolben (21), der mit einem Ventilschaft (5a) des Auslassventils (5) verbunden ist und einen mit Flansch versehenen Abschnitt hat,
ein zweites Paar elektromagnetischer Spulen (23, 24), die jeweils beiden Flächen des mit Flansch versehenen Abschnitts des zweiten mit Flansch versehenen Kolbens (21) zugewandt sind, und
ein zweites Paar Spulen-Fedem (25, 26) umfasst, die den Ventilschaft (5a) des Auslassventils (5) permanent in eine Richtung zum Öffnen des Auslassventils (5) bzw. in eine Richtung zum Schließen des Auslassventils (5) spannen, wobei das zweite Paar Spulen-Fedem (25, 26) mit dem zweiten Paar elektromagnetischer Spulen (23, 24) zusammenwirkt, um das Auslassventil (5) durch elektromagnetische Kraft und Federspannung elektromagnetisch zu öffnen und zu schließen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:

die erste Ventilbetätigungseinheit (10) verglichen mit der zweiten Ventilbetätigungseinheit (20) relativ klein bemessen ist, so dass eine Federhöhe jeder des ersten Paars von Spulen-Federn (15, 16) auf einen kleineren Wert eingestellt ist, indem eine Federspannung jeder des ersten Paars von Spulen-Federn (15, 16) auf einen niedrigeren Wert eingestellt wird als der jeder des zweiten Paars von Spulen-Federn (25, 26), und so dass ein Spulen-Außendurchmesser sowie eine Spulenhöhe jeder des ersten Paar elektromagnetischer Spulen (13, 14) beide verringert werden, indem eine Anzahl von Wicklungen jeder des ersten Paars elektromagnetischer Spulen (13, 14) verringert wird und eine Stärke der elektromagnetischen Kraft, die von jeder des ersten Paars elektromagnetischer Spulen (13, 14) erzeugt wird, im Vergleich zu jeder des zweiten Paars elektromagnetischer Spulen (23, 24) abgeschwächt wird.

2. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Verbrennungsmotor in Bezug auf eine x-Achse eines Fahrzeug-Achsensystems (x, y, z) quer montiert ist, so dass die erste Ventilbetätigungseinheit (10) der Vorderseite des Kraftfahrzeugs zugewandt ist und die zweite Ventilbetätigungseinheit (20) der Rückseite des Kraftfahrzeugs zugewandt ist.

3. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 2, wobei der Verbrennungsmotor, der in Bezug auf die x-Achse des Fahrzeug-Achsensystems (x, y, z) quer montiert ist, sich in einem aufrechtstehenden Zustand befindet, so dass eine Motor-Mittellinie des Verbrennungsmotors im Wesentlichen parallel zu einer z-Achse des Fahrzeug-Achsensystems (x, y, z) ist.

4. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 2, wobei der Verbrennungsmotor, der in Bezug auf die x-Achse des Fahrzeug-Achsensystems (x, y, z) quer montiert ist, sich in einem nach hinten gekippten Zustand befindet, so dass eine Motor-Mittellinie des Verbrennungsmotors gegenüber der z-Achse des Fahrzeug-Achsensystems (x, y, z) nach hinten geneigt ist.

5. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Verbrennungsmotor in Bezug auf die x-Achse des Fahrzeug-Achsensystems (x ,y, z) quer montiert und zur Vorderseite des Kraftfahrzeugs hin gekippt ist, so dass die erste Ventilbetätigungseinheit (10) der Rückseite des Kraftfahrzeugs zugewandt ist und die zweiten Ventilbetätigungseinheit (20) der Vorderseite des Kraftfahrzeugs zugewandt ist.

6. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Verbrennungsmotor in Bezug auf die y-Achse des Fahrzeug-Achsensystems (x, y, z) längs montiert und zu einer Seite des Kraftfahrzeugs hin gekippt ist, so dass der Verbrennungsmotor um einen vorgegebenen Neigungswinkel zu einer Seite der Installation der zweiten Ventilbetätigungseinheit (20) hin geneigt ist.

7. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Verbrennungsmotor ein V-Motor umfasst, der zwei Zylinderköpfe hat, die jeweils in zwei Reihen angeordnet sind, die sich in einem Winkel befinden, und in Bezug auf die y-Achse des Fahrzeug-Achsensystems (x, y, z) längs montiert sind, und wobei die erste Ventilbetätigungseinheit (10) an jeder Innenhälfte der Zylinderköpfe (1) installiert ist und die zweite Ventilbetätigungseinheit (20) an jeder Außenhälfte der Zylinderköpfe (1) installiert ist, wobei die Innenhälften einander zugewandt sind und die Außenhälften voneinander weggewandt sind.

Revendications

1. Véhicule comprenant un moteur à combustion interne et un appareil de commande de soupape électromagnétique comprenant:

une première unité d'actionnement de soupape (10) apte à être reliée à une soupape d'admission (3) située dans une culasse (1);
ladite première unité d'actionnement de soupape (10) comprenant
un premier plongeur à bride (11) relié à une tige de soupape (3a) de la soupape d'admission (3) et comportant une portion bridée,
une première paire de bobines électromagnétiques (13,14) orientées respectivement vers les deux faces de la portion bridée dudit premier plongeur bridé (11), et
une première paire de ressorts hélicoïdaux (15,16) sollicitant en permanence la tige de soupape (3a) de la soupape d'admission (3) respectivement dans une direction ouvrant la soupape d'admission (3) et dans une direction fermant la soupape d'admission (3), ladite première paire de ressorts hélicoïdaux (15,16) coopérant avec ladite première paire de bobines électromagnétiques (13,14) pour ouvrir et fermer d'une manière électromagnétique la soupape d'admission (3) par la force électromagnétique plus la sollicitation du ressort;

une deuxième unité d'actionnement de soupape (20) apte à être reliée à une soupape d'échappement (5) située dans la culasse (1); ladite deuxième unité d'actionnement de soupape (20) comprenant
un deuxième plongeur à bride (21) relié à une tige de soupape (5a) de la soupape d'échappement (5) et comportant une portion bridée,
une deuxième paire de bobines électromagnétiques (23,24) orientées respectivement vers les deux faces de la portion bridée dudit deuxième plongeur à bride (21) et
une deuxième paire de ressorts hélicoïdaux (25,26) sollicitant en permanence la tige de soupape (5a) de la soupape d'échappement (5) respectivement dans une direction ouvrant la soupape d'échappement (5) et dans une direction fermant la soupape d'échappement (5), ladite deuxième paire de ressorts hélicoïdaux (25,26) coopérant avec ladite deuxième paire de bobines électromagnétiques (23,24) pour ouvrir et fermer d'une manière électromagnétique la soupape d'échappement (5) par la force électromagnétique plus la sollicitation du ressort, caractérisé en ce que

ladite première unité d'actionnement de soupape (10) est d'une dimension relativement petite en comparaison avec ladite deuxième unité d'actionnement de soupape (20) de sorte qu'une hauteur de ressort de chacun de ladite première paire de ressorts hélicoïdaux (15,16) est réglée à une plus petite valeur en réglant une sollicitation par ressort de chacun de ladite première paire de ressorts hélicoïdaux (15,16) à une valeur plus basse que chacun de ladite deuxième paire de ressorts hélicoïdaux (25,26), et de sorte qu'un diamètre extérieur de bobine et une hauteur de bobine de chacune de ladite première paire de bobines électromagnétiques (13,14) sont tous les deux réduits en réduisant un nombre de tours de chacune de ladite première paire de bobines électromagnétiques (13,14) et en affaiblissant une grandeur de la force électromagnétique créée par chacune de ladite première paire de bobines électromagnétiques (13,14) en comparaison à chacune de ladite deuxième paire de bobines électromagnétiques (23,24).

2. Véhicule selon la revendication 1, où le moteur à combustion interne est installé transversalement par rapport à un axe-x d'un système d'axes de véhicule (x,y,z) de sorte que ladite première unité d'actionnement de soupape (10) est orientée vers l'avant du véhicule automobile et ladite deuxième unité d'actionnement de soupape (20) est orientée vers l'arrière du véhicule automobile.

3. Véhicule selon la revendication 2, où le moteur à combustion interne, installé transversalement par rapport à l'axe-x du système d'axes de véhicule (x,y,z) se trouve dans un état érigé de telle sorte qu'une ligne centrale de moteur du moteur à combustion interne est sensiblement parallèle à un axe-z du système d'axes (x,y,z) du véhicule.

4. Véhicule selon la revendication 2, où le moteur à combustion interne, installé transversalement par rapport à l'axe-x du système d'axes (x,y,z) du véhicule, se trouve dans un état incliné vers l'arrière de sorte qu'une ligne centrale du moteur à combustion interne est inclinée vers l'arrière depuis l'axe-z du système d'axes (x,y,z) du véhicule.

5. Véhicule selon la revendication 1, où le moteur à combustion interne est installé transversalement par rapport à l'axe-x du système d'axes (x,y,z) du véhicule et est incliné vers l'avant du véhicule automobile de sorte que ladite première unité d'actionnement de soupape (10) est orientée vers l'arrière du véhicule automobile, et ladite deuxième unité d'actionnement de soupape (20) est orientée vers l'avant du véhicule automobile.

6. Véhicule selon la revendication 1, où le moteur à combustion interne est installé longitudinalement par rapport à l'axe-y du système d'axes (x,y,z) du véhicule et est incliné vers un côté du véhicule automobile de sorte que le moteur à combustion interne est incliné vers un côté d'installation de ladite deuxième unité d'actionnement de soupape (20) selon un angle d'inclinaison prédéterminé.

7. Véhicule selon la revendication 1, où le moteur à combustion interne comprend un moteur de type V ayant deux culasses agencées respectivement dans deux bancs établis selon un angle et installés longitudinalement par rapport à l'axe-y du système d'axes (x,y,z) du véhicule, et où ladite première unité d'actionnement de soupape (10) est installée sur chacune des moitiés intérieures des culasses (1), et ladite deuxième unité d'actionnement de soupape (20) est installée sur chacune des moitiés extérieures des culasses (1), lesdites moitiés intérieures sont orientées l'une vers l'autre, et lesdites moitiés extérieures sont éloignées l'une de l'autre.

Drawing