CORPSE CREMATION PLANT

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention regards a corpse cremation plant.

[0002] The crematory furnace and respective loader are also an object of this invention as parts of said plant.

Background Art

[0003] In prior art different types of crematory furnaces with different structures and functions whose yield is anyway always limited are known.

[0004] A purpose of this invention is that of improving their performances. The use of loading the coffins in crematory furnace either manually or by lifting trucks or by very complicate equipment, generally unsuitable for handling the box containing the coffin is known.

[0005] The manual operation involves the need of turning off the furnace and make it even partially cool, the extraction from the still working or anyway still burning furnace being impossible and anyway dangerous. Furthermore, in the conventional furnaces having a rear ash discharge and a cleaning door placed outside of the furnace axis for the simultaneous presence of the primary burner aligned with the post-combustion upper one and with the bottom lower one, some typical triangle shaped areas are formed in the crematory chamber corners, avoiding the ash total removal and collection for each corpse.

[0006] GB.2180630.A (Furnace Construction Co Limited) - 1 April 1987 discloses a cremator comprising a main crematory chamber with a hot sole realising beneath an underlying chamber, both chambers intercommunicating directly with the chimney; burner means being provided onto the bottom wall.

[0007] US-4401038A (SEGREST WILLIAM) 30 August 1983, discloses a bottom siphon burnt smokes discharging area, realised by a pending partition wall. Said bottom zone being realised not for post-combustion purposes, but for smoke flow purposes only.

[0008] FR2614392A (HURET CHRISTIAN) 28 October 1988, discloses a main crematory chamber with underlying chamber as per GB.2180630.

[0009] GB-2032596-A-(DOWSON & MASON LTD) , 8 May 1980, discloses a main crematory chamber with underlying chamber as per GB.2180630, with passing through structure and double burner means: one on the main crematory chamber and one on the underlying chamber, both applied on the same side of the structure.

[0010] US-A-4321878-A-(SEGREST WILLIAM) 30 March 1982, discloses a main crematory chamber with underlying chamber as per GB.2180630, with chimney burnt smoke flow, placed sideways of the superimposed crematory chambers.

[0011] A purpose of the present invention is that of also obviating the above mentioned drawbacks and increase performance.

Essence of the invention

[0012] As claimed, the problem is solved by means of a corpse crematory plant, with the features of claim 1.

[0013] Thus a combustion bottom with the specific function of increasing the crematory potential and of avoiding the organic liquid spilling is obtained, and not only the functionality but also the combustion yield are increased.

[0014] The post-combustion chamber is placed downstream of the crematory chamber, thus obtaining the advantage of having both the crematory bottom warm and the downstream post-combustion of the smokes before they are conveyed to the chimney.

[0015] In fact the post-combustion area has the function of ensuring the total oxidation of the crematory smokes thanks to a high temperature (850-950°C), a suitable stay time (1 or 2 sec.) and a high turbulence condition (O₂>6%).

[0016] The furnace is functionally equipped with an oleodynamical lifter which by means of a longitudinal telescopic developed support provided for the automatic introduction of the coffin into the crematory chamber, said support involving at the end a scraper able to recover the ashes from the previous cremation.

[0017] Thus, the working cycle is sped up and also the total yield is increased. The coffin loader for crematory furnaces, hereinafter called loader, also avoids the use of industrial equipment such as the lifting trucks for the box handling.

[0018] These and other advantages will appear from the following detailed description of preferred embodiment solutions with the aid of the enclosed drawings whose execution details are not to be considered as limitative but are only given as examples.

[0019] Figure 1,2,3 show three side elevation views of the loader according to the respective functioning.

[0020] Figure 4 shows a front view of the loader.

[0021] Figure 5 and 6 show two top views of the loader bearing structure, in which the moving system and the structure beneath the conveying plane and above it are shown.

[0022] Figures 7 and 8 show a first version of crematory furnace according to this invention with a full feature of the post-combustion bottom chamber.

[0023] Referring to figures 7 to 8 concerning the furnace structure, it may be noticed that:

• the furnace includes a crematory upper main chamber 7 and an underlying chamber placed beneath the said main crematory chamber hot floor-sole (8) , which further heats it by a respective burner, placed under the door entry of the furnace (7'), substantially directed to said sole.

[0024] The crematory hot sole has the function of increasing the plant's capacity and of avoiding the organic liquid 8 spilling.

[0025] The burners are substantially provided in the main crematory chamber (main combustion chamber 7"). Additional burners are provided in the underlying chamber (8").

[0026] The post-combustion happens either beneath said hot sole or at the end of both into said bottom chamber (9).

[0027] The post-combustion chamber provided at the bottom is aligned after the main crematory chamber (7) and underlying chamber (8), integrated into a bottom single-block structure 9-9"' with a smoke return wall 9' and post-burner 9".

[0028] Referring to figures 1 to 6 concerning the loader, it may be noticed that with 1 is indicated the loader base structure and with 2 and 4 are indicated two quadrangularly 41,42-21,22 engaged oscillating parallel uprights, operated for the lowering and lifting by tilting by a fluidynamical cylinder 3 with station 31 and support plane 5 and movable plane 6.

• Before resting the coffin on the upper reference plane 6, the wood shims, which make up the feet for keeping the box lifted from the furnace plane and for allowing the loader withdrawal, are arranged on the loader. The wood shims are burnt together with the coffin.

[0029] The coffin discharge is completely automatic by means of a control electric board, endowed with the interlocks necessary for the crematory process, for avoiding inconsistent actions. The electric board, endowed with emergency control, may work both automatically and manually. Pushing the loading button, the loader rests the coffin in the combustion chamber in 20" and goes back to its starting position in other 20".

[0030] The times are set by means of flow adjustment valves installed on the oleodynamical station.

[0031] The loader is steadily anchored to the transit plane by some expansion bolts passing through the section bars resting on the base structure 1.

• The lifting is obtained by advancement, by oleodynamical piston (3). The box resting plane lifts by a pantograph movement which involves a slight axial advancement of the coffin.

[0032] Coffin insertion into the combustion chamber:

[0033] When the loader is in the highest elevation position, the loader's upper plane is made slide forwards controlled by a chain moved by an hydraulic motor 31 which also controls the piston 3.

[0034] When the upper plane 6 is completely advanced, the coffins is positioned in the combustion chamber. The lifting piston further pushes the plane forwards, lowering it. Thus, the box is laid on the combustion chamber base plane.

[0035] The base plane is withdrawn by the motor driven chain and goes back to its starting position.

[0036] The loader is endowed with respective mechanical limit switches for detecting the described positions:

FC1 Loader's limit switch at rest.

[0037] This is the loader's cycle starting and end position.

FC2 Maximum elevation limit switch.

[0038] Is the position which precedes the coffin insertion into the combustion chamber.

FC3 Forward base plane limit switch.

[0039] After the loader has reached the maximum elevation point, the base plane (6) insertion into the combustion chamber starts. FC3 signals the base plane stroke completion.

FC4 coffin resting laying switch.

[0040] When the base plane has ended its stroke, the loader starts its pantograph movement again and lays the coffin on the plane of the combustion chamber; at this point the base plane may be withdrawn.

FC5 Backed base plane limit switch.

[0041] This is the base plane (6) rest position, at this point the pantograph movement may be carried out in the reverse direction for returning to the loader resting conditions.

Oleodynamical plant

[0042] The pantograph movement is realised by the oleodynamical piston 3.

[0043] The base plane advancement is realised by a hydraulic motor driven chain movement 31. The advancement speed of the base plane 6 is adjusted by flow adjustment valves.

[0044] The loader is endowed with an oleodynamical station with a 10 litres tank and a pump having Pi = 2,2 KW and Pa = 1,7 KW.

Buffering

[0045] A buffering carter having a double aesthetical and safety function for avoiding the operators to contact the mechanical parts which activate the loader, which result completely closed inside of the same carter is provided.

[0046] As claimed the end of the loader's (6) telescopic development platform has a lower point scraper, which lowered on the crematory furnace (7) plane, once the cremation has occurred, allows the ash recovery.

[0047] For such a purpose an ash falling and extraction opening may be provided 7".

[0048] The crematory chamber shape of the furnace allows a complete cleaning of the ashes on the whole bottom surface without creating preferential areas and paths thanks to the cleaning from the front load door.

[0049] The characteristics which the furnace solution have in common are:

• the presence of the hot bottom placed beneath the crematory chamber;
• the particular arrangement of the comburent air distribution nozzles in the crematory chamber such to ensure an air homogeneous distribution along the coffin and a suitable turbulence inside of the same chamber;
• the single-block structure containing the crematory chamber and the post-combustion chamber with rear metal structure for containing the fan and the secondary burner. Such structure has an acousticinsulating function;
• the crematory ash discharge always occurs on the loading side when the loading door opens, the ashes are then made fall into the underlying cinerary drawer which will be manually extracted.

[0050] Further characteristics concern:

• the internal coating with insulating and refractory bricks having an alumina high content (min. 42%) such to ensure a high thermal inertia;
• the opening system with the loading door both oleodynamically and manually operated in case of electric power lack.

Summarising:

[0051] Said crematory furnace always involves a carbon steel structure for containing the secondary burner and the fan having an acoustic insulating function opposed to the loading area (9).

[0052] Advantageously said containing bottom structure (9) is placed after an intermediate chamber (9") with smoke deviation wall (9') and post-combustion (9"), thus realising a post-combustion area placed on the bottom. Said crematory furnace thus involves a burner (9) containing structure, an intermediate post-combustion chamber (9"') endowed with opposite smoke deviation walls (9') and post-combustion burner (9") substantially placed before the smoke discharge towards the chimney and directed towards a post-combustion pre-chamber limited by a partition wall hanging from the top (9').

[0053] Thus the forced path followed by the smokes towards the chimney eases the falling and oxidation of the not yet burnt rough particles. In such solution the smoke outlet occurs from the top;

[0054] In such a case the crematory chamber burner (7") is placed upstream of the loading door (7'), and it is directed downstream where the coffin is positioned.

Claims

1. A corpse cremation plant with a crematory furnace with crematory chamber (7), for charging in said crematory furnace the material to be burnt by an opening door (7') on a hot sole of a main crematory chamber (7), wherein:

- said crematory chamber (7), has an underlying chamber (8), said underlying chamber having the function of further heating the crematory bottom which makes up the resting plane of the corpse being cremated, characterised in that:

- At least a post-combustion chamber (9) with separated post-burners (9") is provided downstream of said combustion chamber (7) and said underlying chamber (6), realising a bottom chamber;

- A crematory burner (7") is placed beneath the access main door (7') and next to an opening communicating with said underlying chamber (8):

- it further includes a liftable base structure 1 and a frame or upper plane (5) and a longitudinally "p" developing support plane (6) and involving at the end a scraper (6') for the respective ash collection, in the respective crematory chamber of said furnace at least an ash collection opening for the scraped extraction (7"') being provided.

2. A corpse cremation plant with a crematory furnace, according to claim 1., characterised in that said bottom chamber (9) contains functional apparatuses and has access to the crematory chamber and to the post-combustion chamber.

3. A corpse cremation plant with a crematory furnace, according to claim 2., characterised in that said post-combustion chamber (9) is endowed with opposite smoke deviation wall placed before the smoke discharge towards the chimney hanging from the top (9'), this latter being preceded by a partition wall which rises from the lower floor and divides it from said crematory chamber (7) and said underlying chamber (8).

4. A corpse cremation plant according to the claim 1 , characterised in that said loader is connected to said base structure by a couple of upperly and lowly engaged uprights (2,4) for forming a parallelogram shaped quadrangle (41,42-21,22) inclinable for lifting or lowering the upper structure (5), by a fluid-dynamical piston (3) which engages on said base structure on one side and on one of said uprights (4) on the other by fluid-dynamical motor driving (31).

5. A corpse cremation plant according to the claim 4 , characterised in that above said plane or upper structure (5) of said loader, slides a further movable plane, which develops projecting on guides (6).

6. A corpse cremation plant according to claims 4-5, characterised in that said movable plane (6) of said loader, is moved to and fro by a transmission chain, the whole controlled by a control single fluid-dynamical station (31) with a servo-control system.

7. A corpse cremation plant according to claims 4-6, characterised in that said loader includes the following limit switches:

- a plane lowering limit switch as a resting limit switch (FC1);

- a maximum lifting limit switch (FC2);

- a limit switch for the movable plane maximum advancement (6, FC3);

- a limit switch for the maximum backing of said movable plane (6, FC5).

Ansprüche

1. Leicheneinäscherungs-Anlage mit einem Verbrennungsofen mit Verbrennungskammer (7), zum Laden des zu verbrennenden Materials in besagten Verbrennungsofen durch eine Tür (7') auf ein heiße Sohle einer Haupt-Verbrennungskammer (7), wobei:

- besagte Verbrennungskammer (7) eine darunterliegende Kammer (8) aufweist, wobei besagte darunterliegende Kammer die Funktion der weiteren Erhitzung des Krematoriumsbodens hat, der die Ruheebene der Leiche bildet, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass:

- mindestens eine Nachverbrennungskammer (9) mit getrennten Nachbrennern (9") unterhalb des Brennraums (7) vorgesehen ist und besagte darunterliegende Kammer (6) eine Bodenkammer darstellt;

- ein Krematoriumbrenner (7") unterhalb der Zugangs-Haupttür (7') und neben einer Öffnung gelegen ist, die mit besagter darunterliegender Kammer (8) in Verbindung steht:

sie umfasst außerdem eine anhebbare Basisstruktur 1 und einen Rahmen oder obere Ebene (5) und eine sich in Längsrichtung "p" erstreckende Auflageebene (6) sowie am Ende einen Abstreifer (6') zur Sammlung der Asche, wobei sich in der betreffenden Verbrennungskammer von besagtem Ofen mindestens eine Öffnung zum Entfernen der abgekratzten Asche (7"') befindet.

2. Leicheneinäscherungs-Anlage mit Verbrennungsofen nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass besagte Bodenkammer (9) funktionale Vorrichtungen enthält und in Verbindung mit der Verbrennungskammer und der Nachverbrennungs-Kammer steht.

3. Leicheneinäscherungs-Anlage mit Verbrennungsofen nach Anspruch 2., gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass besagte Nachverbrennungs-Kammer (9) mit einer gegenüberliegender Rauchableitungswand ausgestattet ist, die vor dem Rauchabzug zum Schornstein gelegen ist, der von oben herabhängt (9'), wobei sich vor letzterem eine Trennwand befindet, die sich vom unteren Boden erhebt und ihn von besagter Verbrennungskammer (7) und besagter darunterliegenden Kammer (8) trennt.

4. Leicheneinäscherungs-Anlage nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass besagte Ladevorrichtung durch ein Paar von oben und unten in Eingriff stehenden Pfosten (2,4) mit besagter Basisstruktur verbunden ist, so dass ein Parallelogramm entsteht (41,42-21,22), das neigbar zum Heben oder Senken der oberen Struktur (5) ist, und zawr über einen flüssigen dynamischen Kolben (3), der auf der einen Seite in besagte Basisstruktur und auf der anderen in einen der Pfosten (4) eingreift und durch einenHydraulikmotor (31) angetrieben ist.

5. Leicheneinäscherungs-Anlage nach Anspruch 4, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass oberhalb besagter Ebene oder oberen Struktur (5) von besagter Ladevorrichtung eine weitere bewegliche Ebene gleitet, die sich auf Führungen (6) erstreckt.

6. Leicheneinäscherungs-Anlage nach Anspruch 4-5, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass besagte bewegliche Ebene (6) von besagter Ladevorrichtung durch eine Übertragungskette hin und her bewegt wird, wobei das ganze von einer einzigen hydraulischen Steuerung (31) mit Servo-Steuerungssystem gesteuert wird.

7. Leicheneinäscherungs-Anlage nach Anspruch 4-6, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass besagte Ladevorrichtung die folgenden Endschalter umfasst:

- einen Endschalter als Ruhe-Endschalter zur Absenkung der Ebene (FC1);

- einen Hebehöchststufen-Endschalter (FC2);

- einen Endschalter für den maximalen Vorschub der beweglichen Ebene (6, FC3);

- einen Endschalter für den maximalen Rückzug von besagter beweglicher Ebene (6, FC5).

Revendications

1. Installation de crémation de cadavres avec un four crématoire ayant une chambre crématoire (7) pour charger dans ledit four crématoire le matériel à être brûlé par une porte d'ouverture (7') sur une sole chaude d'une chambre crématoire principale (7), dans laquelle:

- Ladite chambre crématoire (7) a une chambre sous-jacente (8), ladite chambre sous-jacente ayant la fonction ultérieure de chauffer le fond crématoire configurant le plan de repos du cadavre à incinérer, caractérisée en ce que:

- Au moins une chambre de postcombustion (9) est pourvue avec des brûleurs de postcombustion séparés (9") en aval par rapport à ladite chambre de combustion (7) et ladite chambre sous-jacente (6), comprenant une chambre inférieur ;

- Un brûleur crématoire (7") est placé sous la porte de canalisation principale d'accès (7') et à côté d'une ouverture communiquant avec ladite chambre sous-jacente (8):

- De plus, il inclut une structure de base soulevable 1, un plan supérieur ou de cadre (5) et un plan de support se développant de façon longitudinale "p" (6), impliquant à la fin un racleur (6') pour l'enlèvement des cendres correspondants, la chambre crématoire correspondante audit four étant pourvue à l'intérieur, au moins d'une porte d'enlèvement des cendres pour l'extraction raclée (7").

2. Installation de crémation de cadavres avec un four crématoire, selon la revendication 1., caractérisée en ce que ladite chambre inférieure (9) contient des appareils fonctionnels et a accès à la chambre crématoire et à la chambre de postcombustion.

3. Installation de crémation de cadavres avec un four crématoire, selon la revendication 2., caractérisée en ce que ladite chambre de postcombustion (9) est munie avec un mur de déviation de fumée opposé, placé préalablement à la décharge de fumée vers la cheminée située sur la partie supérieure (9'), cette dernière étant précédée d'un mur de séparation qui s'élève du sol inférieur créant une division entre ladite chambre crématoire (7) et ladite chambre sous-jacente (8).

4. Installation de crémation de cadavres selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ledit chargeur est connecté à ladite structure de base moyennant une paire de montants unis de façon supérieure et inférieure (2,4) pour former un quadrangle en forme de parallélogramme (41,42-21,22) inclinable pour soulever ou descendre la structure supérieure (5), par un piston dynamique de fluide (3) qui unit, d'un côté sur ladite structure de base et de l'autre sur un desdits montants (4) moyennant une conduction motrice dynamique de fluide (31).

5. Installation de crémation de cadavres selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que sur la partie supérieure dudit plan ou structure supérieure (5) dudit chargeur, glisse un plan mobile postérieur se déplaçant par coulissement sur des guides (6).

6. Installation de crémation de cadavres selon les revendications 4-5, caractérisée en ce que ledit plan mobile (6) dudit chargeur, est déplacé de long en large par une chaîne de transmission, la totalité étant contrôlée par une station de contrôle dynamique de fluide unique (31) avec un système de servo-contrôle.

7. Installation de crémation de cadavres selon les revendications 4-6, caractérisée en ce que ledit chargeur inclut les interrupteurs de limite suivants :

- Un interrupteur de limite du plan de descente comme un interrupteur de limite de repos (FC1) ;

- Un interrupteur de limite de soulèvement maximal (FC2) ;

- Un interrupteur de limite d'avancée maximale du plan mobile (6, FC3) ;

- Un interrupteur de limite pour le renforcement maximal dudit plan mobile (6, FC5).

Drawing