The present invention relates to computer network communications generally and more particularly to apparatus and methods for providing security in computer network communications.
There exist a large number of U.S. Patents which deal with security in computer network communications. The following U.S. Patents and the references cited therein are believed to represent the state of the art: 5,951,698; 5,918,008; 5,907,834; 5,892,904; 5,889,943; 5,881,151; 5,859,966; 5,854,916; 5,842,002; 5,832,208; 5,826,012; 5,822,517; 5,809,138; 5,802,277; 5,748,940; 5,684,875; 5,679,525; 5,675,711; 5,666,411; 5,657,473; 5,649,095; 5,623,600; 5,613,002; 5,537,540; 5,511,184; 5,111,163; 5,502,815; 5,485,575; 5,473,769; 5,452,442; 5,398,196; 5,359,659; 5,319,776.
Security in computer network communications deals with two general types of malicious content which may be communicated over a network to a computer: viruses and vandals. Viruses may be classified into a number of categories, such as file infectors, file system viruses, macro viruses and system/boot record infectors.
Vandals are distinguished from viruses in that whereas viruses require a user to execute a program in order to cause damage, vandals are auto-executable Internet applications and may cause immediate damage. Currently the following types of vandals are known: Java applets, ActiveX objects, scripts and cookies. Vandals may bide in various types of communicated content, including Email, web content, legitimate sites and file downloads.
It is known to employ proxy servers to detect and prevent receipt of malicious content by a computer. Use of proxy servers for this type of application is described inter alia in the aforesaid U.S. Patents 5,951,698; 5,889,943 & 5,623,600. The use of proxy servers for this purpose has a number of disadvantages including non-real time operation, generation of network bottlenecks, requiring special configuration of each desktop and relative ease of bypass by a user.
WO 00/00879 discloses a Virtual Private Network (VPN) in which computers are connected to access filters that provide access checking at IP-level and protocol. The access filters comprise proxies that, efter having checked and confurned that access is to be allowed, check all data entering the VPN and transfer such data to the clients and to a temporary file for virus checking, preventing the last portion of data from being sent to the clients until virus checking is complete.
WO 97/39399 discloses an apparatus for detecting and eliminating viruses which may be introduoed by messages through a postal node of a network e-mail system, in which postal node is polled for unscanned messages, which are downloaded and checked for viruses into a memory of the node.
The present invention seeks to provide apparatus and a method for protection of computers against malicious content generally in real time and without requiring the use of a proxy server. The apparatus and the method according to the invention are defined in the appented claims.
There is provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a gateway including an input for receiving communications packets, an output for outputting communications packets generally in real time with respect to receipt thereof, a policy manager determining criteria for collection and inspection of a collection of packets and a packet collection agent receiving packets from the input in accordance with criteria established by the policy manager and including a content inspector inspecting the collection of packets in accordance with criteria established by the policy manager and being operative to prevent supply of at least one packet of a collection of packets to the output when the collection of packets includes undesirable content in accordance with the criteria established by the policy manager.
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a method for protecting a computer from malicious content comprising the steps of:
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one packet is the last packet of a file.
The present invention will be understood and appreciated more fully from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the drawings in which:
The present invention seeks to provide protection of a computer against malicious content without requiring the use of a proxy server.
Reference is now made to Fig. 1A, which is a simplified block diagram illustration of implementation of the invention in a firewall-type configuration for checking incoming Internet but not intranet traffic. As seen in Fig. 1A, there is provided a typical computer 10 in which resides conventional TCP/IP routing software 12. Computer 10 is typically connected to a network 13.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a packet collection agent (PCA) 14 is interposed between a network interface card (NIC) 16 which receives Internet traffic and the TCP/IP routing software 12. In this embodiment, a separate NIC 18 handles intranet traffic and does not have a PCA interfaced between it and the TCP/IP routing software 12.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the PCA 14 interfaces with policy manager software 20, which determines collection criteria, i.e. which types of packets of which types of files are collected, and inspection criteria, i.e. which types of content in a file are not allowed to pass to or from network 13.
Based on the criteria established by the policy manager software 20, the PCA 14 operates content inspector software 22, which inspects the packets of a file which fits the criteria for collection and inspection. The content inspector software 22 operates based on criteria established by the policy manager software 20 and reports its inspection findings to the PCA 14. Alternatively, policy manager software 20 may be obviated. In such a case, the PCA 14 and the content inspector software are each programmed with suitable criteria.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the PCA 14 does not delay transmittal of most packets, even of files that require inspection. Rather, while transmitting all but typically the last packet in a file, it operates content inspector software 22 to inspect the contents of the file. If the contents are found to be acceptable, typically the last packet is released. If the contents of a file are not found to be acceptable by the criteria typically established by the policy manager software 20, at least one packet, typically the last packet, is not released, preventing activation of the unacceptable content by the computer.
Reference is now made to Fig. 1B, which illustrates implementation of the invention for checking all incoming communications along a network 28. In this illustrated embodiment, as seen in Fig. 1B, there is provided a typical computer 30 on which resides TCP/IP software 32. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a packet collection agent (PCA) 34 is interposed between a network interface card (NIC) 36, which receives Internet and intranet traffic, and the TCP/IP software 32.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as in the embodiment of Fig. 1A, the PCA 34 interfaces with policy manager software 40, which determines collection criteria, i.e. which types of packets of which types of files are collected, and inspection criteria, i.e. which types of content in a file are not allowed to pass to the computer.
Based on the criteria typically established by the policy manager software 40, the PCA 34 operates content inspector software 42, which inspects the packets of a file which fits the criteria for collection and inspection. The content inspector software 42 operates typically based on criteria established by the policy manager software 40 and reports its inspection findings to the PCA 34.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the PCA 34 does not delay transmittal of most packets, even of files that require inspection. Rather while transmitting all but typically the last packet in a file, it operates content inspector software 42 to inspect the contents of the file. If the contents are found to be acceptable, typically the last packet is released. If the contents of a file are not found to be acceptable by the criteria typically established by the policy manager software 40, at least one packet, typically the last packet, is not released, preventing activation of the unacceptable content by the computer.
Reference is now made to Fig. 2, which is a simplified block diagram illustration of the use of multiple content inspectors by a single packet collection agent. As illustrated in Fig. 2, a single PCA 50 may interface with a single policy manager 52, which may, in certain embodiments be obviated, and with a plurality of content inspectors 54 simultaneously. This type of arrangement may be particularly useful for handling high traffic volumes.
Reference is now made to Fig. 3, which is a simplified flow chart illustrating operation of a PCA in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As seen in Fig. 3, upon receipt of a packet, if the packet is received in the context of an existing file and is not the last packet, the packet is simultaneously stored and released to its destination, generally in real time.
If the packet is the last packet in a file, the PCA typically obtains the inspection criteria from the policy manager and sends all of the packets in the file to a content inspector for inspection in accordance with the inspection policy typically established by the policy manager. If the file passes inspection, the last packet is released as well. If not, the last packet is not released.
If the packet is the first packet of a new file and thus is a control packet as opposed to a data packet, the PCA employs the collection criteria typically established by the policy manager to determine whether the file requires inspection. If not, the packet and all subsequent packets of that file are immediately released as they arrive. If the file is a type of file that is not permitted, no packets are released. If, however, the file is a type of file that requires inspection, the packet is immediately released and the subsequent packets are inspected.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by what has been particularly shown and described herein above.
Where technical features mentioned in any claim are followed by reference signs, those reference signs have been included for the sole purpose of increasing the intelligibility of the claims and accordingly, such reference signs do not have any limiting effect on the scope of each element identified by way of example by such reference signs.