Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to polyester yarn comprising polytrimethylene terephthalate,
and to its method of production. More particularly, it relates to polyester yarn and
to a method of producing polyester yarn characterized in that yarn production can
be carried out stably at high speeds without package tightening and with little variation
in properties in the fibre lengthwise direction and, furthermore, when made into a
fabric, there is little sense of tightness because it stretches at a low modulus,
and it has a soft handle.
Background Art
[0002] Polytrimethylene terephthalate fibre is outstanding in its elastic recovery following
elongation, possesses a low Young's modulus and soft bending characteristics and has
good dyeing properties and, furthermore, chemically it has stable properties in the
same way as polyethylene terephthalate. Hence, as may be seen for example from US
Patent Nos 3,584,103 and 3,681,188, it has long been the subject of research as a
potential clothing material.
[0003] However, the starting material 1,3-propanediol is comparatively expensive, so polytrimethylene
terephthalate has not been used as a synthetic fibre hitherto.
[0004] In recent years, as disclosed for example in US Patent 5,304,691, a cheap method
for the synthesis of 1,3-propanediol has been discovered, so the value of polytrimethylene
terephthalate fibre has been re-examined.
[0005] According to investigations carried out by the present inventors, if the two-stage
method generally employed in the case of polyethylene terephthalate fibre is applied
as it is to polytrimethylene terephthalate, directly after spinning there commences
a change in internal structure and, as a result of a phenomenon referred to as package
tightening, differences in properties arise due to differences in the extent of such
changes in internal structure between the package inner and outer layers, and so fibre
of stable quality is not obtained.
[0006] As, a means for resolving this problem, there has been proposed a method using DSD
in which the spinning process and drawing process are conducted continuously and,
prior to winding-up, the internal structure is subjected to heat setting, as described
in JP-A-52-8123. However, even by this method it has not been possible to suppress
package tightening completely.
Objective of the Invention
[0007] The present invention has as its objective to provide a polyester yarn which shows
no package tightening in the yarn production process so that a package of stable product
quality is obtained and, furthermore, which has a low Young's modulus in the elastic
recovery region, and is outstanding in its soft stretch properties and softness; together
with a method for the production of this polyester yarn.
Disclosure of the Invention
[0008] For the purposes of resolving the aforesaid problem, the polyester yarn of the present
invention has the following constitution. Specifically, the present invention relates
to polyester yarn which is characterized in that it is a multifilament yarn substantially
comprising polytrimethylene terephthalate, and as well as the strength from the stressstrain
curve being at least 3 cN/dtex and the Young's modulus being no more than 25 cN/dtex,
the minimum value of the differential Young's modulus at 3-10% extension is no more
than 10 cN/dtex and the elastic recovery following 10% elongation is at least 90%.
[0009] Furthermore, this polyester yarn can be obtained by a method of producing polyester
yarn which is characterized in that multifilament yarn obtained by the melt spinning
of polymer substantially comprising polytrimethylene terephthalate of intrinsic viscosity
[η] at least 0.7 is hauled-off at a spinning rate of at least 2000 m/min and, without
winding up, subjected to drawing and heat-treatment, after which it is continuously
subjected to a relaxation heat treatment at a relaxation factor of 6 to 20% and wound-up
as a package.
[0010] Moreover, woven fabric of the present invention has the following constitution. Specifically,
it is a woven fabric which is characterized in that the aforesaid polyester yarn is
used as the warp yarn and/or the weft yarn in the form of a twisted yarn of twist
coefficient 10,000 to 20,000.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0011]
Figure 1: This is a schematic diagram showing an example of spin-drawing equipment
for obtaining the polyester yarn of the present invention.
Figure 2: This is a schematic diagram showing another example of spin-drawing equipment
for obtaining polyester yarn of the present invention.
Figure 3: This shows the stress-strain curve and the differential Young's modulus-strain
curve for polyester yarn of the present invention (Example 1).
Figure 4: This shows the stress-strain curve and the differential Young's modulus-strain
curve for polyester yarn lying outside the present invention (Comparative Example
4).
Explanation of the numerical codes
[0012]
1: spinneret
2: cooling chimney
3: oiling guide
4: first heated roller
5: second heated roller
6: cooling roller
7: interlacing nozzle
8: winder
Best Mode for Carrying out the Invention
[0013] The polyester yarn of the present invention is multifilament yarn substantially comprising
polytrimethylene terephthalate.
[0014] In the present invention, the polyester from which the polyester yarn is composed
is polytrimethylene terephthalate (hereinafter abbreviated to PTT) where at least
90 mol% of the structural units are obtained from terephthalic acid as the chief acid
component and 1,3-propanediol as the chief glycol component. However, there may be
included copolymer components which can form other ester bonds, in a proportion which
does not exceed 10 mol% and preferably does not exceed 6 mol%. Examples of copolymerizable
compounds include dicarboxylic acids such as isophthalic acid, succinic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic
acid, adipic acid, dimer acid, sebacic acid and 5-sodiumsulphoisophthalic acid, and
diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butanediol,
neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol,
but there is to be no restriction to these. Moreover, optionally, there may be added
titanium dioxide as a delustrant, fine silica or alumina particles as a lubricant,
hindered phenol derivatives as an antioxidant, and colouring pigments, or the like.
[0015] It is important that the strength of the polyester yarn of the present invention
be at least 3 cN/dtex. If the strength is less than 3 cN/dtex, as well as this leading
to fuzzing and yarn breaks in subsequent processing stages such as weaving, the product
obtained will also have reduced tear strength.
[0016] Furthermore, there is an inverse correlation between the extension at break and the
frequency of occurrence of fuzzing at the time of weaving, and the higher the breaking
extension while still satisfying the requirement in terms of practical strength, the
more the occurrence of fuzzing can be suppressed. Hence, the residual extension is
preferably at least 40% and more preferably at least 45%.
[0017] Again, it is important that the polyester yarn of the present invention has a Young's
modulus of no more than 25 cN/dtex and that it has a minimum value of differential
Young's modulus at 3-10% extension of no more than 10 cN/dtex. These properties are
closely related to the elongation characteristics and the elastic recovery characteristics
in a stretch fabric, and in order to attain the soft stretch property which is the
objective of the present invention it is preferred that these properties have low
values. That is to say, by satisfying all the above properties, when in the form of
a fabric there is easy initial stretch (low Young's modulus) and, furthermore, within
the extension range of 3-10%, which is the practical stretch recovery region, elongation
is possible with no resistance (low differential Young's modulus). Hence, it is possible
to produce a soft stretch fabric which is outstanding in its comfort when worn.
[0018] The Young's modulus has a linear relationship to the flexural stiffness of the fabric,
and the lower the Young's modulus the more outstandingly soft is the fabric handle.
Hence, the Young's modulus is preferably no more than 22 cN/dtex and more preferably
no more than 20 cN/dtex.
[0019] In the same way, the minimum value of the differential Young's modulus at 3-10% extension
is preferably no more than 8 cN/dtex and more preferably no more than 5 cN/dtex.
[0020] The polyester yarn of the present invention has an elastic recovery of at least 90%
following 10% elongation. If the elastic recovery is less than 90%, then there occurs
the problem known as 'sagging' where, following elongation, there remains a portion
which has undergone partial plastic deformation, so the woven material quality is
reduced. The elastic recovery following 10% elongation is preferably at least 95%
and more preferably at least 98%.
[0021] Now, the fact that yarn comprising PTT has outstanding elastic recovery is due to
a considerable extent to its molecular structure. The reasons are thought to be because,
in the crystal structure of PTT, the methylene chain of the alkylene glycol moiety
has a gauche-gauche conformation, and interaction due to the stacking of benzene rings
is low and the density low, so that flexibility is high, and hence the molecular chains
readily stretch and recover by means of methylene chain rotation in the alkylene glycol
moiety.
[0022] In experiments by the present inventors it was shown that the higher the degree of
crystallinity the higher the elastic recovery. Consequently, the degree of crystallinity
is preferably at least 30% and more preferably at least 35%. Here, the measurement
of the degree of crystallinity was carried out based on the density in accordance
with the density gradient column method of JIS L1013 (Chemical Fibre Filament Yarn
Test Methods).
[0023] Furthermore, preferably, the boiling water shrinkage of the polyester yarn of the
present invention is 3-15% and, moreover, the maximum value of the shrinkage stress
is no more than 0.3 cN/dtex and the temperature at which the maximum value of shrinkage
stress is shown is at least 120°C.
[0024] The boiling water shrinkage is one of the most important factors in terms of carrying
out fabric design, and by making the boiling water shrinkage at least 3%, the setting
properties are made favourable in subsequent processing stages, while by making it
no more than 15% it is possible to obtain a fabric with a soft handle which is free
of any sense of harshness. In the same way, if the heat shrink stress is too high,
excess shrinkage will be introduced and the fabric handle will be harsh. Hence, in
order to achieve a soft handle with no sense of harshness, the maximum value of the
shrinkage stress is preferably no more than 0.3 cN/dtex and more preferably 0.15 to
0.25 cN/dtex. Again, the temperature at which the maximum value of shrinkage stress
is shown is preferably at least 120°C and more preferably at least 130°C in order
to facilitate subsequent processing such as setting and bulking-up.
[0025] In the case of the polyester yarn of the present invention, it is preferred that
the CV% of the yarn lengthwise direction continuous shrinkage factor be no more than
5%. The CV% of the continuous shrinkage factor is an index of the uniformity of internal
strain in the yarn lengthwise direction, and the smaller this value the higher the
quality. In order to obtain fabric of high quality, the CV% is preferably no more
than 5% and more preferably no more than 4%.
[0026] Again, it is preferred that the CF (coherence factor) value lies in the range 1-30,
by subjecting the polyester yarn of the present invention to an interlacing treatment.
Where the CF value is at least 1, it is possible to suppress single filament breaks
at the time of yarn production and processing, and also at the time of weaving. Furthermore,
where the CF value is no more than 30, when for example performing combination to
produce a combined yarn with different shrinkage as one component yarn, migration
is facilitated, so this is preferred. It is further preferred that the CF value be
5 to 25.
[0027] The cross-sectional shape of the fibre from which the polyester yarn of the present
invention is composed may be of circular cross-section, triangular cross-section,
multilobal cross-section, flattened cross-section, X-shaped cross-section or other
known profile section, and there are no particular restrictions thereon. Suitable
selection may be made in accordance with the objectives..
[0028] Again, in order to enhance the softness when made into a woven fabric, the single
filament fineness is preferably no more than 5 dtex and more preferably no more than
3 dtex.
[0029] In the case of the polyester yarn of the present invention, there is a strong correlation
between the twist coefficient and the stretch property and, once the twist coefficient
exceeds a fixed value, there is a tendency for the stretch property to rapidly increase.
In practice, for a woven fabric employing yarn of twist coefficient about 5000, the
percentage stretch is about 5%, but with a twist coefficient of 10,000 it is about
15% and with a twist coefficient of 14,000 it is about 30%. Hence, while the polyester
yarn obtained in the present invention may be employed without twisting, it is more
preferred that it be given a medium to hard twist with a twist coefficient of 10,000
to 20,000.
[0030] Now, the twist coefficient K is expressed by the relationship:-

where, T = number of twists per metre of yarn length and D = yarn fineness (decitex).
[0031] Here, T, the number of twists per metre of yarn length, is the value determined by
untwisting the yarn with an electrically-powered twist detector under a 90 x 10
-3 cN/dtex load, and dividing the number of 'untwists' when the yarn is completely untwisted
by the yarn length following untwisting.
[0032] The form of the fabric of the present invention may be that of a woven material,
knitted material, nonwoven material or cushion material, etc, with suitable selection
being made according to the objectives, and the fabric can be used in shirts, blouses,
trousers, suits, blousons.and the like.
[0033] Next, an example of the method of producing the polyester yarn of the present invention
is provided.
[0034] As the method for producing the PTT which is the starting material for the polyester
yarn of the present invention, there can be used a known method as it is. The intrinsic
viscosity [η] of the PTT employed needs to be at least 0.7 in order to raise the spinnability
at the time of yarn production and in order to obtain yarn of practical strength,
but at least 0.8 is preferred.
[0035] Furthermore, in the production of the polyester yarn of the present invention, there
may be employed continuous polymerization and spinning whereby, following the polymerization,
the polymer is directly subjected to spinning and drawing, or alternatively the polymer
may first be converted into chip and dried, and then the spinning and drawing carried
out.
[0036] The spinning temperature at the time of the melt spinning is preferably a temperature
10-60°C higher than the melting point of the PTT in order to stabilize the discharge
from the spinneret, and more preferably the melt spinning is carried out at a temperature
equal to the melting point plus 20 to 50°C. Again, in order to suppress oligomer deposition
in the spinning and to enhance the spinning properties, there may be optionally provided
2-20 cm below the spinneret a heat shroud or suction device, or a means for generating
an inert gas such as air, steam or nitrogen for preventing oxidative degradation of
the polymer or spinneret contamination.
[0037] What is most important when producing the polyester yarn of the present invention
is that there be employed the direct spin-draw method in which the drawing is immediately
carried out following spinning, without temporarily winding-up.
[0038] In undrawn yarn comprising PTT, as stated above, a change in the internal structure
begins right after spinning, with the phenomenon referred to as package tightening
occurring, and this is a cause of differences in properties arising between the package
inner and outer layers. When the present inventors carried out an investigation to
suppress this package tightening, they found that an effective method comprises hauling-off
the yarn at a spinning rate of at least 2,000 m/min and then, without temporarily
winding up, immediately subjecting the yarn to drawing and heat treatment, after which
it is continuously given a relaxation heat treatment by a relaxation factor of 5 to
20%. By using this method, the problem of package tightening is markedly improved,
and it is possible to obtain yarn of high quality in which differences between the
package interior and exterior layers are extremely small. Moreover, it has also been
discovered that, by subjecting the yarn to a relaxation heat treatment at a high relaxation
factor, there is obtained soft stretch yarn which is easily stretched and has a low
Young's modulus in the elongation recovery region.
[0039] In order to reduce yarn unevenness and obtain uniform yarn which does not tend to
show defects such as dyeing variations, it is important that the spinning rate be
at least 2,000 m/min. By raising the spinning rate, the spinning tension is raised,
and by making the yarn less susceptible to the effects of external disturbances the
draw-down behaviour is made stable. Hence, the spinning rate is preferably at least
3,000 m/min. Furthermore, in order to secure stable spinnability, it is preferred
that the spinning rate be no more than 6,000 m/min.
[0040] Again, it is preferred that the draw ratio be set such that the residual extension
is at least 40%.
[0041] It is important that the relaxation factor at the time of the relaxation heat treatment
following the drawing be made at least 6 to 20% in order to obtain the polyester yarn
which is the objective of the present invention. By carrying out a relaxation heat
treatment of at least 6% following drawing, it is possible to accelerate the relaxation
of internal strain in the fibre, so the level of delayed relaxation of the residual
strain is low and package tightening is suppressed. Furthermore, as explained above,
by the relaxation heat treatment, elongation is facilitated in the practical extension
range (up to 10% extension) and it is possible to confer outstanding characteristics
in terms of soft stretch properties. It is further preferred that the relaxation factor
be at least 8%. On the other hand, in order to achieve stability of yarn passage in
the yarn production process, the relaxation factor is preferably no more than 20%
and more preferably no more than 18%.
[0042] The relaxation heat treatment is now explained with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
[0043] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the method using a cooling roller in the relaxation
heat treatment. Following discharge from spinneret
1, cooling is carried out in chimney
2, then convergence and oiling effected at oiling guide
3 and the yarn hauled-off and the temperature raised by first heated roller
4, after which drawing and heat setting are performed between first heated roller
4 and second heated roller
5. Furthermore, after passing through the drawing process, by employing the heat of
second heated roller 5, a relaxation heat treatment is carried out between the second
heated roller
5 and cooling roller
6, and winding-up performed by winder
8. Now, in order to conduct the relaxation heat treatment still more efficiently, carrying
out the relaxation treatment using a heat treatment means employing hot air or steam
as a heating medium between the second heated roller
5 and cooling roller
6, or carrying out the relaxation treatment in two stages by providing a third heated
roller, are effective means for realizing the objective of the present invention.
[0044] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a method employing an interlacing nozzle in the
relaxation heat treatment, and interlacing nozzle
7 has the role of a yarn cooling device and of a tension gradient controller. That
is to say, by means of the interlacing treatment it is possible to lower the yarn
tension prior to interlacing, so by utilizing the shrinkage stress produced by the
heat of second heated roller
5 it is possible to perform a relaxation heat treatment between the second heated roller
5 and interlacing nozzle
7. In such circumstances, the relaxation factor can be controlled by varying the actuating
air pressure of the interlacing nozzle. Again, the relaxation treatment may also be
carried out using a heat treatment means employing hot air or steam as a heating medium
between the second heated roller
5 and interlacing nozzle
7, or in two stages by providing a third heated roller.
[0045] In each case the relaxation factor is readily controlled and they are methods which
are favourably employed in obtaining the polyester yarn of the present invention.
[0046] In the case of the heated roller (the second heated roller in the examples illustrated
in Figure 1 and Figure 2) which serves both for the drawing and heat setting and for
the relaxation heat treatment, it is preferred that there be used a textured roller
of surface roughness 1.5S to 8S. The surface roughness is the section value of the
maximum height (R
max) described in JIS B0601, and 1.5S to 8S in practice corresponds to the section values
1.6S, 3.2S, 6.3S. In terms of maximum height, this corresponds to more than 0.8 µm
and up to 6.3 µm. By making the surface roughness at least 1.5S, the frictional coefficient
between the yarn and roller is considerably reduced and there is a suitable degree
of slip, so even at a high relaxation factor there is no winding of the yarn back
on the heating roller, and stable yarn production is possible. As the surface roughness
becomes higher, so yarn passage becomes more stable in the relaxation process but,
if it exceeds 8S, the yarn surface is excessively abraded so a reduction in strength
is brought about. The surface roughness of the heated roller is more preferably 3.2S
to 6.3S (R
max: 1.7-6.3 µm). Now, the surface roughness is determined from measurement of the maximum
height R
max using a Hommel Tester model T1000, made by the Hommel Co., based on JIS B0601.
[0047] In order to produce yarn stably without yarn breaks, the drawing temperature (the
temperature of the first heated roller) is preferably 10-50°C higher than the glass
transition temperature of the PTT, and more preferably the drawing is carried out
at the glass transition temperature plus 20 to 40°C. The heat setting and relaxation
heat treatment temperature (the temperature of the second heated roller) should be
set within the range 90-180°C so as to achieve the desired percentage heat shrinkage
but, in order to effect uniform relaxation of the residual stresses formed by the
drawing, a temperature in the range 105-180°C is more preferred.
[0048] Furthermore, the spinning oil applied will contain lubricant, emulsifier and antistatic
agent, etc. Specifically, examples include mineral oils such as liquid paraffin, fatty
acid esters such as octyl palmitate, lauryl oleate and isotridecyl stearate, dibasic
acid diesters such as dioleyl adipate and dioctyl sebacate, esters of polyhydric alcohols
such as trimethylolpropane trilaurate and coconut oil, aliphatic sulphur-containing
esters such as lauryl thiodipropionate, nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene
oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene castor oil ether, polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether
and trimethylolpropane trilaurate, anionic surfactants such as alkyl sulphonate and
alkyl phosphate type metal salts or amine salts, sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate, sodium
alkanesulphonate, etc, tetramethylene oxide/ethylene oxide copolymers, propylene oxide/ethylene
oxide copolymers, nonionic surfactants and the like, and there is employed a formulation
which enhances the passage through the yarn production, warping and fabric production
stages, in particular passage through the reeds and heddles at the time of weaving.
Where required, there may also be used rust preventives, antibacterial agents, antioxidants,
penetrating agents, surface tension lowering agents, phase reversal viscosity lowering
agents, wear preventing agents and other such modifiers, or the like.
[0049] From the point of view of passage through subsequent processing stages, the amount
of oil applied is preferably 0.3 to 1.2 wt% in terms of the yarn.
Examples
[0050] Below, the present invention is explained in further detail by means of examples.
Now, the various property values in the examples were determined by the following
methods.
A. Intrinsic Viscosity [η]
Using an Ostwald viscometer, sample polymer was dissolved in o-chlorophenol (abbreviated
below to OCP) and the relative viscosity ηr determined at a number of points, after which the value at infinite dilution was
obtained by extrapolation.
B. Strength, Extension and Young's Modulus (initial resistance to stretching)
The sample was subjected to measurement using a Tensilon UCT-100 produced by the Orientec
Co., under constant rate of elongation conditions as described in JIS L1013 (Chemical
Fibre Filament Yarn Test Methods). The breaking extension was determined from the
elongation at the point showing the maximum tenacity in the S-S curve.
Furthermore, the Young's modulus was measured under the conditions given for the initial
resistance to stretching in 7.10 of JIS L1013 (Chemical Fibre Filament Yarn Test Methods).
C. Differential Young's Modulus
This was determined by differentiation of stress with respect to extension at points
on the S-S curve obtained in B.
D. Elastic Recovery
Using a Tensilon UCT-100 produced by the Orientec Co. and with the clamp spacing at
20 cm, the sample was stretched to 10% of the clamp spacing at a rate of extension
of 10 cm/min, then the load immediately removed at the same rate, and the elastic
recovery determined from the hysteresis curve recorded.

- α:
- elongation when stretched 10%
- β:
- recovered elongation up to the point when the stress equals the initial load
E. Shrinkage Stress
Measurement was carried out at a rate of temperature rise of 2.4°C/sec using a thermal
stress measurement device produced by Kanebo Engineering (Co.). The sample comprised
a 2 x 10 cm loop and the initial tension = fineness (decitex) x 0.9 x (1/30) gf.
F. CV% of Continuous Shrinkage Factor in Yarn Lengthwise Direction
Using an FTA500 made by the Toray Engineering Co., measurement was carried out with
the set tension = fineness (decitex) x 0.9 x (1/60) gf, treatment temperature = 100°C
(under steam), yarn velocity = 10 m/min and sample length = 10 m. The shrinkage was
recorded on a chart and the CV% of the continuous shrinkage factor in the yarn lengthwise
direction determined.
G. CF Value
Measurement was carried out under the conditions shown for the Degree of Interlacing
in 7.13 of JIS L1013 (Chemical Fibre Filament Yarn Test Methods). The CF value (coherence
factor) was determined from the average value L (mm) of the length of the interlace
using the following formula, based on 50 measurements.

H. Degree of Crystallinity
The density was measured in accordance with the Density Gradient Column Method in
7.14.2 of JIS L1013 (Chemical Fibre Filament Yarn Test Methods) and the degree of
crystallinity obtained by the following formula.

- Xc:
- degree of crystallinity (%)
- d:
- measured yarn density
- dc:
- density of completely crystalline region
- da:
- density of completely amorphous region
Here, d
c = 1.387 g/cm
3, d
a = 1.295 g/cm
3
Example 1
[0051] Using the spin-draw machine shown in Figure 1, homo-PTT of intrinsic viscosity [η]
0.96 was melted and spun from 24-hole spinneret
1 at a spinning temperature of 265°C and, after cooling in chimney
2 and then converging and oiling at oiling guide
3, haul-off was performed at 3,000 m/min by means of first heated roller
4, and having raised the temperature of the yarn by five laps at 70°C, drawing was
carried out by means of second heated roller
5 at a drawing rate of 4800 m/min (draw ratio = 1.6). After heat-setting by five laps
at 140°C, relaxation was performed by a relaxation factor of 10% between second heated
roller
5 and cold roller 6, and then while performing an interlacing treatment at an actuating
pressure of 0.2 MPa using interlacing device
7, wind-up was performed at 4220 m/min with winder
8, and 54 decitex, 24 filament, drawn yarn obtained. Now, for second heated roller
5 there was used a textured roll of surface hardness 3.2S (R
max: 3 µm).
[0052] The yarn production characteristics were good and there were no yarn breaks or filament
wrap-around. Furthermore, the strength of the polyester yarn obtained was 3.6 cN/dtex,
the Young's modulus (initial resistance to stretching) was 20.8 cN/dtex, the minimum
value of the differential Young's modulus at an extension of 3-10% was 1.8 cN/dtex,
and the elastic recovery following 10% elongation was 97.8%. The physical properties
are shown in Table 1, and the stress-strain curve and the differential Young's modulus-strain
curve are shown in Figure 3.
[0053] Moreover, when weaving was carried out as a 1/4 twill using this multifilament yarn
as the warp/weft, the weaving characteristics and the woven material quality were
good and the material possessed light stretchability.
Example 2, Example 3
[0054] The same conditions were employed as in Example 1 except that the drawing rate was
either 4350 m/min (draw ratio = 1.45) [Example 2] or 5000 m/min (draw ratio = 1.67)
[Example 3]. The polyester yarn of Example 2 had a strength of 3.3 cN/dtex, which
was lower than that of Example 1. Other characteristics were good in the same way
as in Example 1. Moreover, while in the case of the polyester yarn of Example 3 the
number of machine stoppages at the time of weaving increased to about twice when compared
to Example 1, other properties were good.
Example 4, Example 5
[0055] The same conditions were used as in Example 1 except that the relaxation factor between
the second heated roller 5 and the cold roller
6 was made 6% [Example 4] or 18% [Example 5]. The polyester yarns of Example
4 and Example 5 were good in terms of their yarn production properties and woven material
quality in the same way as in Example 1, and they had light soft stretchability. In
particular, the woven material of Example 5 was even more outstanding in its softness
than that of Example 1.
Comparative Example 1
[0056] The same conditions were used as in Example 1 except that there was employed homo-PTT
of intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.68. The spinnability of the polyester of Comparative
Example 1 was poor and there were numerous yarn breaks in the drawing zone, so sampling
was impossible.
Comparative Example 2
[0057] The same conditions were used as in Example 1 except that the drawing rate was made
3900 m/min (draw ratio = 1.3). The polyester yarn of Comparative Example 2 had low
strength and high 'extension, the strength being 2.9 cN/dtex and the extension 73.5%,
and furthermore its elastic recovery following 10% stretching was low and the practical
durability after forming a fabric was poor.
Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4
[0058] The same conditions were used as in Example 1 except that the relaxation factor between
the second heated roller
5 and the cold roller
6 was made 22% or 3%. In the case of the polyester yarn of Comparative Example 3 where
the relaxation factor was 22%, there was considerable yarn oscillation over the second
heated roller and, furthermore, yarn breaks occurred with yarn twisting around the
second heated roller.
[0059] In the case of Comparative Example 4 where the relaxation factor was 3%, differences
in properties arose between the package inner layer and outer layer due to occurrence
of package tightening, and there were variations in thickness matching the package
end face period. Furthermore, the weaving properties were poor and the quality of
the dyed product was bad. Again, while the fabric possessed stretchability, it exhibited
elongation characteristics where stretching was extremely difficult. The physical
properties are shown in Table 1, and the stress-strain curve and the differential
Young's modulus-strain curve are shown in Figure 4.
Comparative Example 5
[0060] The same conditions were used as in Example 1 except that the drawing rate was made
5250 m/min (draw ratio = 1.75), cold roller
6 was removed and the relaxation factor was made 0%. In the case of Comparative Example
5, there was marked package tightening exceeding even that of Comparative Example
4 arid, furthermore, the fabric obtained had stretch characteristics in which elongation
was extremely difficult, and it was inferior too in its softness.
Example 6
[0061] The same conditions were used as in Example 1 except that the first heated roller
4 velocity was made 1000 m/min and the second heated roller 5 velocity was made 3500
m/min (draw ratio = 3.5). Fabric comprising the polyester yarn of Example 6 showed
good stretch characteristics in the same way as in Example 1, but dyeing unevenness
arose in the dyed fabric which was thought to be due to yarn unevenness.
Example 7
[0062] The same conditions were used as in Example 1 except that the second heated roller
5 was changed to a 0.8S (R
max: no more than 0.8µm) mirror surface roll. In the case of Example 7, the travelling
yarn in the relaxation zone between the second heated roller and cold roller
6 was unstable, and oscillation occurred on the second heated roller, with winding
back on the roller and numerous yarn breaks occurring. Hence, compared to Example
1 the number of yarn breaks was about 10-fold.
Example 8
[0063] The polyester yarn obtained in Example 1 was subjected to 2000 t/m (twist coefficient
K: 14700) S/Z twisting to produce warp and weft yarns, and then a 1/4 twill fabric
was produced. This was subjected to relaxation scouring at 98°C by the usual method,
and then, intermediate setting carried out at 160°C. Subsequently, 15 wt% weight reduction
was carried out with hot aqueous 3% NaOH solution, dyeing then performed and finish
setting carried out. The fabric obtained was soft and its stretch properties were
extremely outstanding.
[0064] In the table, 'relaxation factor' refers to the 'relaxation factor between the second
heated roller and the cold roller
6'; the 'differential Young's modulus' refers to the 'minimum value of differential
Young's modulus at an extension of 3 to 10%'; the 'elastic recovery' refers to the
'elastic recovery following 10% elongation'; the 'shrinkage stress' refers to the
'maximum value of shrinkage stress'; the 'peak temperature' refers to the 'temperature
showing the maximum value of shrinkage stress'; the 'shrinkage CV%' refers to the
'CV% of the lengthwise direction continuous shrinkage'; and the 'woven fabric quality'
refers to the 'quality of the appearance of the woven fabric after dyeing (functional
evaluation)'.
Industrial Applicability
[0065] With regard to the polyester yarn of the present invention and its method of production,
as well as there being no package tightening in the yarn production stage and the
package having a stable quality, it is possible to obtain woven fabric of low Young's
modulus in the elastic recovery region and which is outstanding in its soft-stretch
properties and softness.

1. Polyester yarn which is characterized in that it is a multifilament yarn substantially comprising polytrimethylene terephthalate,
and as well as the strength from the stress-strain curve being at least 3 cN/dtex
and the Young's modulus being no more than 25 cN/dtex, the minimum value of the differential
Young's modulus at 3-10% extension is no more than 10 cN/dtex and the elastic recovery
following 10% elongation is at least 90%.
2. Polyester yarn according to Claim 1 which is characterized in that the Young's modulus is no more than 22 cN/dtex.
3. Polyester yarn according to Claim 1 which is characterized in that the minimum value of the differential Young's modulus at 3-10% extension is no more
than 5 cN/dtex.
4. Polyester yarn according to Claim 1 which is characterized in that the residual extension is at least 45%.
5. Polyester yarn according to Claim 1 which is characterized in that the elastic recovery following 10% elongation is at least 95%.
6. Polyester yarn according to Claim 1 which is characterized in that the degree of crystallinity is at least 30%.
7. Polyester yarn according to Claim 1 which is characterized in that the boiling water shrinkage is 3-15% and, furthermore, the maximum value of the shrinkage
stress is no more than 0.3 cN/dtex and the temperature at which the maximum value
of shrinkage stress is shown is at least 120°C.
8. Polyester yarn according to Claim 7 which is characterized in that the maximum value of the shrinkage stress is 0.15 to 0.25 cN/dtex.
9. Polyester yarn according to Claim 7 which is characterized in that the temperature at which the maximum value of shrinkage stress is shown is at least
130°C.
10. Polyester yarn according to Claim 1 which is characterized in that the CV value of the continuous shrinkage in the yarn lengthwise direction is no more
than 5%.
11. Polyester yarn according to Claim 1 which is characterized in that the CF value is 1-30.
12. Polyester yarn according to Claim 11 which is characterized in that the CF value is 5-25.
13. Polyester yarn according to Claim 1 where the fineness of the individual filaments
from which the polyester yarn is composed is no more than 3 dtex.
14. A woven fabric which is characterized in that polyester yarn according to any of Claims 1 to 13 is used as the warp yarn and/or
the weft yarn in the form of a twisted yarn of twist coefficient 10,000 to 20,000.
15. A method of producing polyester yarn which is characterized in that multifilament yarn obtained by the melt spinning of polymer substantially comprising
polytrimethylene terephthalate of intrinsic viscosity [η] at least 0.7 is hauled-off
at a spinning rate of at least 2000 m/min and, without winding up, subjected to drawing
and heat-treatment, after which it is continuously subjected to a relaxation heat
treatment at a relaxation factor of 6 to 20% and wound up as a package.
16. A method of producing polyester yarn according to Claim 15 which is characterized in that there is carried out the melt spinning of polytrimethylene terephthalate of intrinsic
viscosity [η] at least 0.8.
17. A method of producing polyester yarn according to Claim 15 which is characterized in that the spinning is carried out at a temperature 20-50°C higher than the melting point
of the polytrimethylene terephthalate.
18. A method of producing polyester yarn according to Claim 15 which is characterized in that it is hauled-off at a spinning rate of at least 3,000 m/min.
19. A method of producing polyester yarn according to Claim 15 which is characterized in that the relaxation heat treatment is carried out at a relaxation factor of 8 to 18%.
20. A method of producing polyester yarn according to Claim 22 which is characterized in that there is used a textured roll of surface roughness 1.5S-8S in the drawing and heat-treatment.
21. A method of producing polyester yarn according to Claim 15 which is characterized in that there is used a textured roll of surface roughness 3.2S-6.3S in the drawing and heat-treatment.
22. A method of producing polyester yarn according to Claim 15 which is characterized in that the drawing temperature is 10-50°C higher than the glass transition temperature of
polytrimethylene terephthalate.
23. A method of producing polyester yarn according to Claim 15 which is characterized in that the heat setting and relaxation heat treatment are carried out at a temperature in
the range 105-180°C.