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(11) | EP 1 205 610 B1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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| (54) |
Wall and roof assemblies Wand- und Dachmontage Montage d'une paroi ou toiture |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
[0001] The present invention relates to a sub-structure for retaining sheet material forming an outer surface of a building in spaced relation to an underlying structure. The sub-structure may be used to support a new outer roof or wall surface in spaced apart relation to an existing roof or wall, or other suitable underlying structures (such as joists formerly supporting a replaced roof). The invention relates in particular to support members to which the outer roof or wall surface is attached and to brackets by means of which the support members are attached in spaced relation to the underlying structure.
[0002] FR-A-2 782 336 describes metal stirrup pieces which are inserted in the hollows of existing corrugated roofing members to support an outer roof. The metal stirrup pieces may have outwardly inclined edges which engage with a longitudinally extensive support member.
[0003] FR-A-2 467 927 describes a ceiling suspension system in which a supporting member engages with a bracket having arcuate comers.
[0004] The refurbishment of roofs or walls of existing buildings may be achieved by providing a supporting grid over the existing wall or roof to which a new wall or roof outer surface is attached. The supporting grid must be attached to an existing structural element of the building such as an existing wall or existing roof joists and brackets are provided so that the supporting grid is in spaced relation to the existing structure. For new buildings, the supporting grid is simply attached to suitable structural elements of the building. One advantage of mounting the new roof or wall membrane in spaced relation to the underlying structure is that, provided a lining membrane or the like is provided at the inner side, a void is created which can be filled with suitable insulating material.
[0005] GB-A-2 148 975 describes one form of such a structure in which a bracket is located in a generally "C" shaped support member by a twist and lock action. A disadvantage of the system described in GB-A-2 148 975 is that in use the bracket may be caused to rotate so that it becomes loose and allows movement of the new roof/wall structure.
[0006] Another system, described in GB-A-2 240 558, and presenting all the features of the preamble of claim 1, tries to overcome this disadvantage by providing the bracket with tongue portions which engage parts of the support member to prevent rotation of the bracket.
[0007] In both the system of GB-A-2 148 975 and that of GB-A-2 240 558, it is necessary to insert the bracket into an end of the support member and then to slide the bracket along the support member until it is in its desired use position. The bracket is then rotated until it engages the support member and it is locked in its position of use. Systems of this sort have two particular disadvantages. Firstly, it is often a requirement to position the brackets in very specific locations. For example, a new roof structure is often mounted over an existing roof structure which has a corrugated profile. In this case, the brackets must be mounted in the support member so that in use they sit in the valleys of the corrugated profile. As there may be many brackets for each support member, accurate location of all the brackets is difficult and it can also be difficult to adjust the position of a wrongly located bracket. Secondly, the brackets are not secured to the underlying structure until after they have been located in the support member and the support member has been placed in position. Thus, the support member interferes with access to the bracket for inserting and tightening fixings (usually self-tapping screws) which is inconvenient and does not promote secure and accurate fixing of the brackets.
[0008] The present invention seeks to overcome the above disadvantages. In particular, by means of the present invention it is possible to mount the brackets in the desired locations on the underlying structure and subsequently to mount the support member on the brackets. Thus, the brackets can easily and accurately be attached at desired locations on the underlying structure, and access for the bracket fixing is not hindered by the presence of the support member.
[0009] According to the present invention there is provided a sub-structure for retaining sheet material forming an outer surface of a building in spaced relation to an underlying structure, the sub-structure comprising:
(i) a longitudinally extensive support member having a support surface adapted to receive the sheet material and first and second legs depending from respective side edges of the support structure and each having a free end distal from the support surface and including an engagement formation, the support surface and the legs defining a hollow interior of the support member, at least the first of the first and second legs being resiliently deformable from a rest condition to a condition in which the legs are spaced further apart; and
(ii) a bracket including a first portion adapted to be secured to the underlying structure and a second portion adapted to lie substantially within the hollow interior of the support member, the second portion having a top edge and first and second oppositely disposed side edges adapted to lie adjacent the respective inner surfaces of the first and second legs, each side edge including a recess which co-operates with the engagement formation on the respective leg to retain the support member on the bracket,
wherein the first leg of the support member has a greater length than the second leg and the recess in the first side edge of the bracket is at a greater distance from the top edge than is the recess in the second side edge, and in that the first side edge of the second portion of the bracket is so sized and shaped that at least the first leg of the support member is deformed away from the rest condition as the support member is mounted on the bracket to be engaged by a snap-fit action with said bracket.[0010] At least part of the engagement formation(s) may enter the recesses to an extent that the support member adopts substantially its rest configuration when mounted on the bracket in the use position.
[0011] At least one of the side edges of the bracket may include a portion having a convex profile whereby the second portion is so sized and shaped that the at least one resiliently deformable leg is deformed away from the rest condition as the support member is mounted on the bracket.
[0012] The second portion of the bracket may comprise a substantially straight top edge which lies in use proximate the undersurface of the support surface of the support member, the portion having a convex profile depending from one end of the top edge, and an arcuate portion leading from the other end of the top edge to the other of the side edges.
[0013] The first portion of the bracket may include a foot which contacts the underlying structure in use and by means of which the bracket is secured in use to the underlying structure.
[0014] For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference is made, by way of example only, to the following drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a section through a prior art cavity wall assembly in accordance with the structure described in GB-A-2 148 975;
Figure 2 is an exploded view of the prior art section shown in Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a part sectional view of a prior art roof sub-structure as described in GB-A-2 240 558;
Figure 4 is a plan view of part of a bracket forming part of a sub-structure in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 5 is a transverse section through a support member for co-operation with the bracket of Figure 4, in accordance with the present invention; and
Figure 6 is a transverse section through an alternative support member.
[0015] Referring now to Figures 1 and 2, in the prior art assembly the outer surface of the wall comprises sheet material 1 in the form of a series of overlapping corrugated panels.
[0016] The panels of sheet material 1 are mounted on a C-section supporting member 2 which in turn is mounted on brackets 3. The brackets 3 are provided with slots 4 into which lips 5,6 of support member 2 are inserted (by a twisting of the bracket 3) to lock the bracket 3 in the support member 2. The sheet material 1 is secured to the brackets 3 by means of self tapping screws (not illustrated). The assembly of Figures 1 and 2 is also provided with a lining 7 of sheet material, thereby to define a cavity 8 between the sheet material 1 and the lining 7. The lining 7 is attached to the underlying structure 9 of the building. The brackets 3 are attached at 10 (by self tapping screws) to the underlying structure 9. Although illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 with respect to wall cladding, structures of this type are also suitable for new or replacement roofing structures.
[0017] Figure 3 shows another prior art structure comprising a bracket 30 and a support member 31. Sheet material 32 is attached to the top surface 33 of support member 31. The bracket 30 is mounted on underlying structure 34 by means of a foot 35. A liner 36 is disposed on the underlying structure 34 and passes between the bracket 30 and the underlying structure 34. The bracket 30 includes tongues 37, 38 and slots 39, 40 which co-operate with recesses 41, 42 formed in the support member 31 to retain the support member 31 on the bracket 30. Elements 43, 44 (which project out of the plane of the paper) act to prevent rotation of bracket 30 in support member 31.
[0018] In both constructions illustrated in Figures 1 to 3 it is a particular disadvantage that the brackets must first be set in position in the support member before the support member (with the brackets attached) is placed in its location of use. It is often the case, especially, for example, when covering an underlying surface such as an old wall or roof with a corrugated profile, that the brackets must be disposed (with respect to the underlying structure) in specific locations, with limited margin for error. Such specific locations may, for example, be the valleys in the corrugated profile of the underlying structure, or the location of particular elements of the underlying structure capable of supporting the new sheet material outer surface via the brackets. It can be difficult to locate the brackets in the correct location in the support member and, if the brackets are found to be in the wrong position when the support member is offered to the underlying structure, it can be difficult to adjust their position. Furthermore, the support member can often obstruct access to the fixing point for attaching the brackets to the underlying structure. The present invention seeks to overcome these deficiencies.
[0019] Figures 4 and 5 illustrate respectively a part of a bracket 50 and a support member 70, in accordance with the present invention. Only the upper part of the bracket is shown in Figure 4. The lower part of the bracket (not illustrated) by means of which it is attached to the underlying structure may be formed as known from the prior art. For example one or more feet may be formed at the base of the bracket extending generally perpendicularly with respect to the main portion of the bracket, these feet including one or more holes for fixings such as self tapping screws.
[0020] The bracket 50 includes a top edge 51 which is generally straight and side edges generally indicated at 52 and 53. Recesses 54 and 55 are formed in side edges 52 and 53 respectively. The bracket 50 is preferably formed from steel (especially galvanized steel) or may be formed from other suitable material having the required characteristics of strength and rigidity. The bracket may be formed from a web of steel material having a thickness of between 1mm and 5mm, preferably about 3mm.
[0021] The support member 70 is illustrated in transverse cross-section and extends along a major axis perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The length of a given support member will depend on the particular circumstances of its use, but may be several metres. The support member 70 includes a support surface 71 to which, in use, the sheet material forming the (new) outer surface of the building is attached. The sheet material will often take the form of rolled metal sheets, such as of steel or aluminium. These sheets can be formed with a corrugated or ridged profile and adjacent sheets will normally overlap and, ideally be provided with inter-engaging means to hold the sheets together to form a single surface. Other sheet materials can also be used, such as suitably strong and durable plastics materials. A lining material, for example a waterproof lining material, co-extensive with the sheet material, may be placed between the support surface 71 and the sheet material. The support surface 71 may be formed with a number of ribs which may be longitudinal, transverse, or in other directions. These ribs may serve to increase the rigidity of the support surface and it has been suggested that the resistance to being pulled out of a fixing of particular thread diameter may be improved by the presence of the ribs. However, this advantage is only likely to be achieved when the fixing passes through a valley between the ribs and such precision in location of the fixing may not be possible where, for example, the ribs on the support surface 71 are obscured by a liner. Depending from the respective edges of the support surface 71 are legs 72, 73 which are as illustrated preferably of unequal length, although this need not necessarily be so. The free ends 74, 75 of the legs 72, 73 are provided with engagement formations 76, 77 which preferably extend continuously along the length of the support member 70. The engagement formations 76, 75 are formed as lips or hooks depending from the respective legs 72, 73. The support member 70 is preferably made from steel, especially galvanized steel, having a thickness of from 0.5 to 5mm, especially about 1mm to 2mm, particularly about 1.25mm. Other materials may be used provided that they are suitable for fixing the sheet material and meet other requirements outlined below.
[0022] The bracket 50 includes a portion 56 of the side edge 52 having an outwardly convex profile 57. The portion 56 in the embodiment illustrated depends from the top edge 51 and terminates at the upper limit 58 of recess 54. The portion 56 is illustrated in Figure 4 as having a smoothly progressive convexly curved surface, and this is the preferred arrangement as it provides the easiest mounting of the support member 70 on the bracket 50. However, other convex profiles may be suitable, such as a more steeply curved surface, or two plane surfaces extending respectively from the top edge 51 and the upper limit 58 of recess 54 and meeting at an apex, provided only that the support member 70 can be mounted on the bracket 50 by means of a reasonable force applied to cause resilient deformation of the support member 70, as described below. A portion 59 of the side edge 53 between the top edge 51 and the recess 55 has a generally arcuate shape.
[0023] The leg 72 of support member 70 is resiliently deformable from the rest condition illustrated in Figure 5 generally in the direction indicated by arrow A. The spacing d between the free end 74 of leg 72 and leg 73 is thereby increased. When the leg 72 is no longer subjected to the force causing the deformation, the leg 72 returns resiliently to the rest condition illustrated in Figure 5. If desired, the leg 73 may be resiliently deformable and the support surface 71 may also be capable of some resilient deformation.
[0024] In use of the sub-structure of the invention (comprising the bracket(s) and the support member(s), the brackets are first secured in the desired locations on the underlying structure. In this context, the underlying structure may be an existing wall or roof, or other suitable structural frameworks or elements of a building. The brackets may be secured by suitable fixings such as self tapping screws, or may be fixed to the underlying structure by means of an adhesive. When the required number of brackets has been fixed in position, the support member is placed loosely over the brackets so that the upper portions of the brackets 50 begin to enter the hollow region 78 of the support member 70 defined by the legs 72, 73 and support surface 71. The brackets 50 are initially prevented from fully entering the hollow region 78 of the support member 71 because the width of the bracket 30 in the area including the convexly profiled region 57 is greater than the spacing d of the support member. A force is then applied to the support member 70, usually to the support surface 71, to urge the support member 70 further onto the brackets 50. The leg 72 of the support member 70, and possibly other parts of the support member 70, are caused to deform resiliently so that the spacing d is increased. In this way, the free ends 74, 75 of the legs 72,73 can slide over the convexly profiled surface 57 and arcuate surface 59 respectively so that the upper portions of bracket 30 enter further into hollow region 78. As the support member 70 reaches its final use position with respect to the brackets 50 the engagement formations 76, 77 enter the respective recesses 54, 55 so that the support member 70 resiliently returns to its rest condition with a "snap" action. The engagement formations 76, 77 co-operate with the upper edges 58, 60 of the recesses 54, 55 in a latching action to retain the support member 70 securely on the brackets 50.
[0025] The support member 70 should have a sufficient resistance to resilient deformation so that a substantial force is required to urge the support member 70 into engagement with the brackets 50. In this way, the support member 70 is securely retained on the brackets 50 because a large force is required in order to overcome the resistance to deformation of the support member 70 and to urge it out of engagement with the brackets 50. In order to urge the support member 70 into engagement with a given bracket 50, a minimum force of approximately 600N, more especially 1000N should be required. The required force will, of course, be determined by factors such as the material used to form the support member 70, the thickness of the material and the degree of deformation which is required.
(i) a longitudinally extensive support member (70) having a support surface (71) adapted to receive the sheet material and first and second legs (72, 73) depending from respective side edges of the support structure and each having a free end (74, 75) distal from the support surface and including an engagement formation (76, 77), the support surface and the legs defining a hollow interior (78) of the support member, at least the first (72) of the first and second legs being resiliently deformable from a rest condition to a condition in which the legs are spaced further apart; and
(ii) a bracket (50) including a first portion adapted to be secured to the underlying structure and a second portion adapted to lie substantially within the hollow interior (78) of the support member (70), the second portion having a top edge (51) and first and second oppositely disposed side edges (52, 53) adapted to lie adjacent the respective inner surfaces of the first and second legs (72, 73), each side edge including a recess (54, 55) which co-operates with the engagement formation (76, 77) on the respective leg to retain the support member (70) on the bracket,
wherein the first leg (72) of the support member has a greater length than the second leg (73) and the recess (54) in the first side edge (52) of the bracket is at a greater distance from the top edge (51) than is the recess (55) in the second side edge (53), and characterised in that the first side edge (52) of the second portion of the bracket is so sized and shaped that at least the first leg (72) of the support member (70) is deformed away from the rest condition as the support member is mounted on the bracket to be engaged by a snap-fit action with said bracket.(i) ein sich längs erstreckendes Tragelement (70) mit einer Auflagefläche (71) zum Aufnehmen des flächigen Materials und einem ersten und einem zweiten Schenkel (72, 73), die von betreffenden Seitenrändern der Tragkonstruktion abhängen und jeweils distal von der Auflagefläche ein freies Ende (74, 75) haben, und mit einem Eingriffsgebilde (76, 77), wobei die Auflagefläche und die Schenkel ein hohles Inneres (78) des Tragelements definieren, wobei vom ersten und zweiten Schenkel wenigstens der erste Schenkel (72) federnd aus einem Ruhezustand in einen Zustand, in dem die Schenkel weiter voneinander beabstandet sind, verformbar ist; und
(ii) eine Stütze (50) mit einem ersten Teil, der zur Befestigung an der darunterliegenden Konstruktion ausgeführt ist, und einem zweiten Teil, der ausgeführt ist, um im Wesentlichen in dem hohlen Inneren (78) des Tragelements (70) zu liegen, wobei der zweite Teil einen oberen Rand (51) und einen ersten und einen zweiten, entgegengesetzt angeordneten Seitenrand (52, 53) hat, die ausgeführt sind, um neben den betreffenden Innenflächen des ersten und des zweiten Schenkels (72, 73) zu liegen, wobei jeder Seitenrand eine Ausnehmung (54, 55) hat, die mit dem Eingriffsgebilde (76, 77) am betreffenden Schenkel zusammenwirkt, um das Tragelement (70) an der Stütze zu halten,
wobei der erste Schenkel (72) des Tragelements eine größere Länge als der zweite Schenkel (73) hat und die Ausnehmung (54) im ersten Seitenrand (52) der Stütze sich in größerer Entfernung vom oberen Rand (51) befindet als die Ausnehmung (55) im zweiten Seitenrand (53), und dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Seitenrand (52) des zweiten Teils der Stütze größenmäßig so bemessen und so geformt ist, dass wenigstens der erste Schenkel (72) des Tragelements (70) beim Anbringen des Tragelements an der Stütze aus dem Ruhezustand weg verformt wird, um durch ein Einschnappen mit der genannten Stütze verrastet zu werden.(i) un élément de support (70) qui s'étend longitudinalement, ayant une surface de support (71) adaptée pour recevoir le matériau en tôle/feuille et une première et une deuxième branches (72, 73) suspendues depuis des bords latéraux respectifs de la structure de support et ayant chacune une extrémité libre (74, 75) en aval de la surface de support et comprenant une formation d'engagement (76, 77), la surface de support et les branches délimitant un intérieur creux (78) de l'élément de support, la première (72) au moins des première et deuxième branches étant élastiquement déformable depuis un état de repos jusqu'à un état en lequel les branches sont écartées davantage ; et
(ii) un élément de fixation (50) qui comprend une première partie adaptée pour être fixée à la structure sous-jacente et une deuxième partie adaptée pour reposer sensiblement dans l'intérieur creux (78) de l'élément de support (70), la deuxième partie ayant un bord supérieur (51) et un premier et un deuxième bords latéraux (52, 53) disposés l'un en face de l'autre, adaptés pour reposer à proximité des surfaces intérieures respectives des première et deuxième branches (72, 73), chaque bord latéral comprenant un évidement (54, 55) qui coopère avec la formation d'engagement (76, 77) sur la branche respective, pour retenir l'élément de support (70) sur l'élément de fixation,
dans laquelle la première branche (72) de l'élément de support est plus longue que la deuxième branche (73), et l'évidement (54) dans le premier bord latéral (52) de l'élément de fixation est à une plus grande distance du bord supérieur (51) que l'évidement (55) dans le deuxième bord latéral (53), etcaractérisée en ce que le premier bord latéral (52) de la deuxième partie de l'élément de fixation et dimensionné et conformé de sorte qu'au moins la première branche (72) de l'élément de support (70) est déformée à partir de son état de repos quand l'élément de support est monté sur l'élément de fixation, pour être engagée avec ledit élément de fixation par un mouvement d'encliquetage.