[0001] This invention is concerned with improving the adhesion of coatings to substrates.
More particularly, though not exclusively, this invention is concerned with a method
for improving the adhesion of a coating to aluminum, galvinized steel, vinyl, PVC,
TPO, Hypalon®, pressure treated wood, plywood and bitumenous substrates, as well as
chalky acrylic coated surfaces of such substrates.
[0002] EPDM and asphalt membranes encompass about 70% of the total roofing market. A large
portion of the remaining market consists of various metal substrates, such as aluminum
and galvanized steel. Other substrates used comprise single ply substrates made from
PVC (polyvinyl chloride), TPO (thermoplastic polyolefin) and Hypalon®. Hypalon is
a trade name for a sysnthetic rubber produced by DuPont Dow. It is described as a
chlorosulfonated polyethylene and is produced as white chips. It can be used for the
production of many products, including sheet roofing substrates and protective / decorative
coatings. Still other substrates used comprise spray applied polyurethane foam. All
of these substrates can benefit from the use of a coating to improve aesthetics, reduce
energy costs, and improve durability.
[0003] The architectural coatings industry use paints to coat similar substrates used in
the roofing market. The paint market has somewhat different performance criteria than
coatings used in roofing; i.e. paints are applied thinner (3 to 8 dry mls versus 20
to 25 dry mls for roof mastics) and paints are not expected to perform in areas where
water ponding is prevalent. Many of the metals used in the roofing market are used
for applications in the architectural markets. Metal used in both the architectural
and roofing markets can be factory applied as well as painted at the job site. The
architectural coatings industry utilize many other substrates, not prevalent in the
roofing market. Pressure treated wood, chalky acrylic and factory applied coatings
to aluminum and vinyl substrates are examples of commonly used materials that can
be painted. Coating these substrates is necessary because of degradation and weathering.
Weathered substrates that have been previously painted frequently have chalky surfaces
that are difficult to adhere to, yet need to be re-coated to prevent degradation of
the substrate.
[0004] In either the roofing or architectural industry the key criteria for the coating
is the ability of this coating to adhere well to the substrate. Cleaning with water
before coating may improve adhesion of the coating as compared to not rinsing the
substrate surface and cleaning with detergents has also shown to help. The detergent
of the present invention exhibits an ability to significantly improve adhesion properties
of substrates to coatings. Several substrates have shown to be difficult to adhere
to, such as aluminum, galvanized steel, pressure treated wood and weather treated
pine. The use of the aqueous detergent composition and method of the present invention
has improved adhesion to such substrates.
[0005] A coating system which displays good adhesion and superior resistance to blistering,
especially when exposed to ponded water is disclosed in US-A-5059456. This system
relies upon the use of a water-based tiecoat between the membrane and the coating.
The tiecoat consists of a water-insoluble latex polymer and multivalent metal ion,
wherein the latex polymer comprises units such as would result from preparation from
a monomer mixture comprising at least 20 weight %, based on the weight of the monomer
mixture, of at least one hydrophobic monomer selected from the group consisting of
(C
4-C
20 )-alkyl methacrylates and (C
8-C
20)-alkyl acrylates, and from 3.0 weight % to 7.5 weight % of methacrylic acid, based
on the weight of the monomer mixture, and where the latex polymer has a glass transition
temperature of from -20°C to 5°C, and where the molar ratio of the multivalent metal
ion to the methacrylic acid in the latex polymer is from about 1:1 to about 0.375:1.
The tiecoat is applied to a membrane before subsequent application of a coating. Though
this system offers properties of adhesion and resistance to blistering which are superior
to conventional mastic systems on bituminous membranes, there is no disclosure of
coating aluminum, galvinized steel or pressure treated wood substrates.
[0006] It is an object of the present invention to provide a coating system that offers
improved adhesion on aluminum, galvinized steel, vinyl, PVC, TPO, Hypalon®, pressure
treated wood, plywood and bitumenous substrates, as well as chalky acrylic coated
surfaces of such substrates.
[0007] In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for improving
the adhesion between a coating and a substrate, which method comprises:
(A) selecting a substrate from the group consisting of aluminum, galvinized steel,
vinyl, polyvinyl chloride, thermoplastic polyolefin, chlorosulfonated polyethylene,
pressure treated wood, plywood and chalky acrylic coated surfaces thereof;
(B) treating a surface of the substrate with an aqueous detergent composition; then
(C) rinsing said surface of the substrate with water to remove said detergent composition;
and then
(D) applying a coating composition to said rinsed surface of the substrate, wherein
said aqueous detergent composition has a pH greater than 8 and comprises from 1 to
10 % by weight phosphate and from 1 to 10 % by weight silicate.
[0008] Surprisingly, it has been found that by pre-treating a substrate with said detergent
composition before applying a conventional coating composition, a synergistic improvement
in adhesion between the substrate and coating can be achieved. The surprising advantages
of the present invention may be measured for both coatings applied on newly laid substrates
and coatings applied on old substrates that have been previously coated and left for
an extended period of time.
[0009] Preferably, the substrate for application of the invention is aluminum, galvinized
steel, vinyl, PVC, Hypalon®, pressure treated wood or plywood. Preferably, the aqueous
detergent composition of the present invention is allowed to sit for five (5) minutes,
followed by the rinsing step. Preferably the rinsing step includes both a power wash
at a pressure of 193 x 10
5 N/m
2 (2500 psi) and a non-presured rinse.
[0010] The coating composition may be any composition traditionally used in coating such
sunbstrates, preferably comprising a water-insoluble latex polymer binder, having
a glass transition temperature of from -45°C to 50°C (as measured by the Fox equation),
which is preferably acrylic or styrene/acrylic. In addition to the latex polymer,
the composition will comprise at least one or more of the following components: pigments,
extenders, dispersants, surfactants, coalescents, wetting agents, thickeners, rheology
modifiers, drying retarders, plasticizers, biocides, mildewicides, defoamers, colorants,
waxes, dirt pick-up retarders, adhesion promoters, zinc oxide and solid silica. The
coating composition is preferably an architectural roof coating composition or mastic
coating composition. The binder used in the coating composition is preferably a commercially
available binder useful for such applications, such as a binder selected from the
group including Rhoplex AC-261, Rhoplex EC-1791, Rhoplex 2019R and Rhoplex EC-2885
available from Rohm and Haas Company; Acronal NX 3250 available from BASF AG and DA26NA
available from Dow. More preferably, the binder is selected from the group including
Rhoplex AC-261, Rhoplex EC-1791, Rhoplex EC-2885 and Acronal NX 3250. Rhoplex AC-261
and Rhoplex EC-1791 are the most preferred coating compositions.
[0011] The aqueous detergent composition comprises from 1 to 10%, preferably 2 to 8 %, more
preferably 3 to 6%, by weight of said composition of a mono- or polyphosphate or a
mixture of such phosphates, preferably selected from the group consisting of trisodium
phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate and tripotassium phosphate. Trisodium phosphate
is the most preferred. The aqueous detergent composition comprises from 1 to 10%,
preferably 2to 8 %, more preferably 3 to 6%, by weight of said composition of a meta-,
ortho- or para-silicate or a mixture of such silicates, preferably selected from the
group consisting of sodium metasilicate and potassium metasilicate. Sodium metasilicate
is the most preferred. The phosphates and silicates useful in the detergent composition
are those commonly used in conventional detergent compositions, such as in dishwashing
and clothes-washing detergents.
[0012] The aqueous detergent composition may also comprise other components typically found
in aqueous detergent composition. For example, the composition may comprise up to
5%, preferably up to 2%, by weight of at least one compound selected from the group
consisting of octylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol, octyphenoxy polyethoxy ethylphosphate,
polyethylene glycol and phosphoric acid.
[0013] The aqueous detergent composition has a pH of above 8, preferably a pH from 9 to
14, and most preferably a pH from 12 to 14.
[0014] The best results are obtained from the present invention when all the surface of
the substrate is contacted with the detergent composition. The detergent composition
may be spread over the surface by spray application methods or with the aid of a stiff
brush. The detergent composition should preferably be left to stand in contact with
the surface of the membrane for a minimum of five (5) minutes. For example, though
an improvement in adhesion of a coating may be measured when the detergent composition
is left to treat the surface for less than 30 seconds, the best results are achieved
when the detergent composition is allowed to contact the surface for at least 5 minutes.
A contact time significantly over 5 minutes will tend not to lead to any significant
further improvements in adhesion, though in practice contact times may be 10 to 30
minutes depending on the size of the substrate and the speed of the operator. Permitting
the detergent to dry on the surface before rinsing may not be detrimental to the method
of the present invention, provided the surface is rinsed well afterwards to remove
the detergent.
[0015] The best results are obtained from the present invention when rinsing the substrate's
surface removes substantially all of the detergent composition. High efficiency rinsing
may involve the use of a stiff brush and/or the use of a high pressure hose. Typically,
the high pressure hose will release rinse water at 193 x 10
5 N/m
2 (2500 psi).
[0016] The following Examples, including Comparative Examples, are given solely for the
purpose of illustrating the invention and are in no way to be considered limiting.
Tests
[0017] In the examples, the coatings are subjected to dry and wet adhesion tests. These
are performed in accordance with ASTM Protocol D903.
Example 1 - Preparation of aqueous detergent composition
[0018] An aqueous detergent composition, with the formulation indicated in Table 1, was
prepared by mixing the components in the prescribed amounts in a pail. The composition
was mixed in the pail until all components appeared to have dissolved. The aqueous
detergent composition was prepared in in accordance with the present invention and
has a pH above 13.
Table 1
Aqueous Detergent Composition |
Detergent Components |
Parts by Weight |
Sodium Metasilicate |
5 |
Soap |
2.4 |
Trisodium phosphate |
5 |
Water |
87.8 |
[0019] Soap = 127 parts octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol
58.5 parts octylphenoxypolyethoxyethylphosphate
3.9 parts polyethylene glycol
11.7 parts phosphoric acid
18.9 parts water
Example 2- Substrate preparation
[0020] Various substrates, as shown in Example 3, were laid flat on a surface. The upper
surface of each substrate was then washed with tap water using a high pressure hose.
After washing with water, 30 cm
2 sections of each substrate was then treated with the detergent composition of Example
1, by spray application of about 100 cm
3 of detergent composition over the surface to be treated and brushing the composition
over the surface and allowing it to stand for 5 minutes. Then the detergent composition
was washed away with tap water from a high pressure hose at 193 x 10
5 N/m
2 (2500 psi).
[0021] Each of the treated sections and a section not treated with detergent on each substrate
was then coated in a conventional manner with a general composition as shown below
in Tables 2.1 through 2.4.
Table 2.2
Coating Formulation MB-3640 |
Grind |
INGREDIENTS |
kg/378.54 liters
(lbs/100gal) |
A |
Water |
65.8 (145.0) |
|
Tamol 165A |
2.59 (5.7) |
|
Aqueous Ammonia(28%) |
1.36 (3.0) |
|
Nopco NXZ |
1.36 (3.0) |
|
Duramite |
178.04 (392.5) |
|
TiPure R-960 |
28.35 (62.5) |
|
B. Letdown Phase under mild agitation |
|
Nopco NXZ |
1.36 (3.0) |
|
Lipacryl® MB-3640 |
222.3 (490.1) |
|
C. Premix B:
Premix the following ingredients and add slowly while stirring. |
|
|
|
Water |
5.76 (12.7) |
|
Texanol |
2.72 (6.0) |
|
Skane M-8 |
1.36 (3.0) |
D. Premix C:
Premix the following ingredients and add slowly while string. Mix for a minimum of
15 minutes or until consistency is smooth. |
|
|
Propylene Glycol |
|
4.53 (10.0) |
Natrosol®250HR |
|
1.81 (4.0) |
E. Adjust pH to 9.0-10.0 with |
|
|
Aqueous Ammonia(28%) |
|
|
|
Physical Constants: |
|
|
Solids Content, % |
|
|
By weight |
64.3 |
|
By Volume |
50.1 |
|
PVC |
38.8 |
|
Density, lbs/gal |
11.4 |
|
PH |
9.0-10.0 |
|
Table 2.3
Coating Formulation AC-261 or ML 200 Sheen |
Grind |
INGREDIENTS |
kg/378.54 liters |
|
|
(lbs/100gal) |
A |
Tamol 731(25%) |
7.24(15.97) |
|
Propylene Glycol |
34.8(76.72) |
|
Foamaster VL |
0.48(1.06) |
|
Rozone 2000 |
1.18(2.60) |
|
Acrysol RM-825 |
0.53(1.19) |
|
Water |
45.36(100.00) |
|
Ti-Pure R-902 |
120.72(266.15) |
|
Minex 4 |
48.29(106.47) |
Letdown |
|
|
B |
Rhoplex AC-261 or Rhoplex ML-200 |
205.2(452.47) |
C |
Texanol |
10.14(22.36) |
D |
Foamaster VL |
0.48(1.06) |
E |
Acrysol RM-2020 |
12.07(26.60) |
F |
Water |
26.92(59.34) |
|
Physical Constants: |
|
|
Solids Content, % |
|
|
By weight |
53.99 |
|
By Volume |
37.36 |
|
PVC |
35.00 |
|
Density, lbs/gal |
11.3 |
|
pH |
9.0-10.0 |
|
Table 2.4
Coating Formulation for Test Sample |
Grind |
INGREDIENTS |
kg/378.54 liters |
|
|
(lbs/100gal) |
A |
Natrasol 250 MHR(2.5%) |
45.36 (100) |
|
Ethylene Glycol |
9.43 (20.8) |
|
Propylene Glycol |
13.2(29.2) |
|
Tamol 1124 |
1.7(3.8) |
|
Colloids 643 |
0.8(1.7) |
|
Rozone |
2.6(5.7) |
|
Ti-Pure R-902 |
52.6(120.7) |
|
Icecap K |
5.2(12.1) |
|
Celite 281 |
15.6 (36.2) |
|
Letdown |
|
|
B |
OP-96 |
41.5(96.67) |
C |
Rhoplex ML-200 |
131.0(288.7) |
D |
Texanol |
4.1(9.3) |
E |
Colloids 643 |
0.7(1.7) |
F |
Aq Ammonia(28%) |
0.2(0.5) |
G |
RM-2020 |
5.2(12.0) |
H |
Water |
55.2(121.7) |
Physical Constants: |
|
|
Solids Content, % |
|
|
By weight |
|
|
By Volume |
30.0 |
|
PVC |
45.00 |
|
Density, lbs/gal |
11.3 |
|
Example 3 - Testing different coating compositions on various substrates
[0022] The dry and wet adhesion properties and blister properties of different commercially
available coating compositions were evaluated on various substrates, as described
above, with the aqueous detergent composition of Example 1. The results are shown
in Tables 3, 4, 5 and 6.
Table 3
180 Degree Peel Adhesion
For Dry Film Coating Applications of 8-10 mils
Measured in Newtons/Meter |
|
7 Day Testing Time
Dry Condition |
7 Day Testing Time
Dry / 4 Hour Wet Condition |
Substrate
- coating binder |
Without Detergent Treatment |
With Detergent Treatment |
Without Detergent Treatment |
With Detergent Treatment |
Galvanized Steel |
- Rhoplex AC-261 |
350 |
788 |
350 |
455 |
- Rhoplex EC-1791 |
438 |
438 |
245 |
333 |
Aluminum Panel |
|
|
|
|
- Rhoplex AC-261 |
140 |
1015 |
228 |
455 |
- Rhoplex EC-1791 |
262 |
490 |
|
|
Aluminum Siding with chalky acrylic coated surface |
- Rhoplex ML-200 |
000 |
350 |
|
|
- Rhoplex EC-1791 |
403 |
490 |
|
|
Vinyl Siding |
- Rhoplex ML-200 |
438 |
525 |
53 |
175 |
- Rhoplex EC-1791 |
490 |
508 |
210 |
525 |
Pressure Treated White Pine |
- Rhoplex AC-261 |
875 |
963 |
525 |
613 |
Plywood;T-11 |
- Rhoplex ML-200 |
438 |
613 |
|
|
Table 4
180 Degree Peel Adhesion
For Dry Film Coating Applications of 18-20 mils
Measured in Newtons/Meter |
|
7 Day Testing Time
Dry Condition |
7 Day Testing Time
Dry / 4 Hour Wet Condition |
Substrate
- coating binder |
Without Detergent Treatment |
With Detergent Treatment |
Without Detergent Treatment |
With Detergent Treatment |
PVC Single Ply |
- Rhoplex EC-1791 |
263 |
298 |
175 |
438 |
Hypalon® Single Ply |
- Rhoplex EC-1791 |
315 |
403 |
158 |
438 |
Aged Modified Bitumen |
- MB-3640 |
228 |
350 |
|
|
Hypalon is a registered trademark of DuPont Dow. |
Table 5
Adhesion To Chalky Acrylic Coated Aluminum Siding |
Conditions
Sample |
Panel #1 |
Panel #2 |
|
Water Rinse Only |
Detergent then power wash rinse |
|
X Hatch |
Knife |
X Hatch |
Knife |
24 Hour Dry |
|
|
|
|
Behr® Premium Exterior Flat |
20% |
2 |
100% |
8 |
Test Sample Coating |
10% |
2 |
100% |
8 |
45 PVC/30VS Flat |
|
|
|
|
24 Hour Dry 4 Hours Fog |
|
|
|
|
Behr® Premium Exterior Flat |
20% |
4 |
100% |
8 |
Test Sample Coating |
0% |
2 |
100% |
6 |
45 PVC/30VS Flat |
|
|
|
|
7 Day Dry |
|
|
|
|
Behr® Premium Exterior Flat |
0% |
4 |
100% |
8 |
Test Sample Coating |
0% |
4 |
100% |
8 |
45 PVC/30VS Flat |
|
|
|
|
7 Day Dry, 4 Hours Fog |
|
|
|
|
Behr® Premium Exterior Flat |
0% |
2 |
100% |
8 |
Test Sample Coating |
0% |
2 |
100% |
6 |
45 PVC/30VS Flat |
|
|
|
|
PVC means pigment volume concentration. |
VS means volume solids. |
X Hatch or Grid Tape Adhesion
[0023] Place a comb-like metal template on the surface of the test paint and run the Stanley
Utility Knife or Excel Adhesion Knife through each slit, thus inscribing 11 parallel
cuts in the paint film. Wear a leather glove on the hand holding the template to avoid
cuts. The template is then rotated 90° and placed over the same area, and a second
set of 11 cuts is made. The horizontal and vertical cuts form a 100 square test area
(the Gardner Adhesion Knife produces similar test areas). One inch wide Permacel™
tape with a 10.16 cm (4 inch) overlap at one end to form a pull tab is applied over
the test area. The tape is rubbed with an eraser to assure good contact over the test
area, and then using the overlap for grip, the tape is pulled quickly at a 180° angle
from the substrate. Then immediately determine knife peel adhesion. These tests should
be performed as quickly as possible because adhesion improves with drying exposure
in air.
Knife Peel Test
[0024] Make two knife cuts through the test film with the Excel Adhesion Knife, formingan
X intersecting at about a 30° angle. For difficult or hard to cut substrates, the
Stanley Utility Knife can be used. Using the point of the Excel Adhesion Knife, attempt
to peel the latex paint from the substrate, at the point of intersection. The degree
of peeling difficulty is subjectively rated according to the following chart:
Knife Peel Rating:
[0025]
10 ― no peeling
9 ― very difficult
8 ― difficult
7 ― moderately difficult
6 ― slightly to mod. Difficult
5 ― slightly difficult
4 ― fairly easy
3 ― easy
2 ― very easy
1 ― falls off
[0026] Each of the samples for Table 6 were tested in accordance with the ASTM D 714 rating
scale, rated for both blister size and density.
Table 6
Blistering of Chalky Acrylic Coated Aluminum Siding |
Conditions
Sample |
Panel #1 |
Panel #2 |
|
Water Rinse Only |
Detergent then power wash rinse |
|
Size |
Density |
Size |
Density |
24 Hour Dry 4 Hours Fog |
|
|
|
|
Behr® Premium Exterior Flat |
#8 |
Moderate |
10 |
10 |
Test Sample Coating |
#8 |
Few |
10 |
10 |
45 PVC/30VS Flat |
|
|
|
|
7 Day Dry, 4 Hours Fog |
|
|
|
|
Behr® Premium Exterior Flat |
#6 |
Moderate |
10 |
10 |
Test Sample Coating |
#10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
45 PVC/30VS Flat |
|
|
|
|
PVC means pigment volume concentration. |
VS means volume solids. |
[0027] It is shown in Tables 3, 4, 5 and 6 that improvement in adhesion and blister ratings
between a coating composition and various substrates are improved through the pre-treatment
of the substrate with the aqueous detergent composition of the present invention.
1. A method for improving the adhesion between a coating and a substrate, which method
comprises:
(A) selecting a substrate from the group consisting of aluminum, galvinized steel,
vinyl, polyvinyl chloride, thermoplastic polyolefin, chlorosulfonated polyethylene,
pressure treated wood, plywood and chalky acrylic coated surfaces thereof
(B) treating a surface of the substrate with an aqueous detergent composition; then
(C) rinsing said surface of the substrate with water to remove said detergent composition;
and then
(D) applying a coating composition to said rinsed surface of the substrate, wherein
said aqueous detergent composition has a pH greater than 8 and comprises from 1 to
10 % by weight phosphate and from 1 to 10 % by weight silicate.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the phosphate is a monophosphate.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the monophosphate is trisodium phosphate.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the silicate is a metasilicate.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the metasilicate is sodium metasilicate.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the pH of the detergent composition is in the range
of 9 to 14.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the coating is a mastic or paint coating.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the rinsing comprises a power wash at a pressure of
at least 193 x 105 N/m2 (2500 psi).