Electrical capacitor

Abstract

 It includes a first armature (5) with an electrode (5c), a first ionizable layer (1), an intermediate conductive element (9), a second ionizable layer (11), a semiconductor layer (3) and a second armature (7) with an electrode (7c), being said semiconductor layer (3) in contact simultaneously with the second armature (7) and with the conductive element (9) and this last one in contact with the two ionizable layers (1 and 11).
It can be applied in different electrical circuits and specially for aerial heads for blocking lightning.

Description

[0001] Electrical capacitor that includes a first armature with an electrode susceptible of loading negatively, a first ionizable layer, an intermediate conductor element being capable of adopting a positive load, a second ionizable layer, a semiconductor layer and a second armature with an electrode capable of loading positively, being said semiconductor layer in contact at the same time with the second armature and with the conductor element and this last one in contact with the two ionizable layers.

BACKGROUNDS OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The object of the present invention refers to an electrical capacitor that contributes new conditions in the operation of the capacitors with respect to their habitual operations.

[0003] In fact the essential composition of an electrical capacitor is well-known, that is a device that in its simplest form consists of two plates called armatures, which they are separated to each other by an insulator called dielectric which it will be able made of a solid material, air or even vacuum. In a moment, one of these plates receives an electrical charge with opposed sign to which one it is received by the other plate or armature.

[0004] The habitual operation of an electrical capacitor is not going to be commented here because this one is widely known by the skilled technicians; but the thing it is interesting to mention is a parameter that presents said capacitors: the dielectric strength, it means, the potential difference that must be reached between the armatures of the capacitor to cause an electrical spark through the dielectric placed between both. In many cases, the value of that parameter or dielectric strength is a restriction for a certain function of the same capacitor.

[0005] It is habitual to file patents about capacitors, where the novel aspect is in the special form of the capacitor or in its concrete manufacture, like for example in European Patent No. 98117728 "Integrated MOS capacitor fabrication method and structure".

[0006] On the other hand the European Patent n° 0874393 distinguishes a capacitor, which it has between the armatures, a layer of a semiconductor substrate and a layer of flat silicon. It is tried to obtain a greater effective surface of the lower electrode.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PATENT APPLICATION

[0007] The present invention contributes some improvements essentially based on the addition of a dynamic dielectric that, in certain conditions allows giving out the dielectric strength to recover it when the causes that caused it disappear, as it is explained more in detail later.

[0008] According to all previous, said capacitor will be formed basically by the mentioned armatures between them will intercalated some ionizable layers and a semiconductor element.

[0009] The present improvements can be an advantageous application in many electrical circuits, and one of the cases where it has a special application the present improved capacitor is, for example, like a preventing device of the formation of atmospheric accidents, such as the lightning, as it will be explained as follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] And in order to facilitate said description, two sheets of drawings are enclosed, for illustrative and non limitative purposes, in which:

• Figure 1 outlines the composition of an electrical capacitor.
• Figure 2 illustrates the same capacitor materialized in a particular embodiment, used as lightning preventing device.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE PATENT APPLICATION

[0011] In accordance to such figures (fig.1) it is possible to appreciate an electrical capacitor constituted in accordance to the following scheme or arrangement: a first element or armature (5), with an electrode (5c), being capable of loading itself negatively; a first ionizable layer as for example air (1); an intermediate conductive element (9), being capable of adopting a positive load; a second ionizable layer (11) as for example air; a semiconductor layer (3), formed by special a dynamic dielectric; and a second armature (7) with an electrode (7c) and being capable of loading itself positively, but with the particularity that it is also in contact to each other the referred semiconductor layer (3), the second armature (7) and the conductive element (9).

[0012] The special nature of the described dynamic dielectric causes that, in certain conditions of load, it is capable of giving out its dielectric strength in order to immediately recuperate it when the circumstances that caused that giving out disappears.

[0013] As it was mentioned more above, one of the particular applications of the present improvements in a capacitor is to block the formation of the lightning, in that case (fig.2) the capacitor will be constituted by a conductive outer housing 9 as a conductive element and a base made of insulating material 14, within said housing there is a ionizable element 11 (air), the special dynamic dielectric or semiconductor element 3 and the armature 7.

[0014] In said case, the explained capacitor would be located at the top of a construction, installation or land elevation, it would be lifted by a mast 7c (electrode) and it would be exposed to the atmospheric disturbances. Because the earth would have many less negative loads than the base of a cloud 5 (armature) located above, said mast 7c would be with a positive potential in respect to that cloud 5.

[0015] The head constituted by the described capacitor is capable of increasing its electrical charge in so far as it increases the load in the base of cloud 5 which cloud belongs to a close atmospheric disturbance, until it reaches a certain constitutive potential, precisely of the threshold of activation of for example, a filter (not illustrated in the drawings) attached that, in atmospheric conditions without disturbances, presents an electrical resistance of practically zero, acting like derivator of undesirable currents of escape to the earth.

[0016] However, in atmospheric conditions with a disturbance, the mentioned filter presents a superconduction with a negative resistance, being activated from the mentioned threshold provided by the capacitor in accordance to the present improvements, causing altogether, a succession of micro-unloads in that cloud 5 and avoiding the formation of the drawing way of the lightning.

[0017] Insulating material 14 is necessary in this concrete embodiment in order to assure that there are no possibilities of a possible transmission between conductive outer housing 9 and the mast 7c.

[0018] Apart from this particular and important case that it has just been shown, the present capacitor with dynamic dielectric will be possible to be applied in numerous cases of electronics and electricity that the skilled technician will know in order to solve problems derived from the classic dielectric strength of the actual capacitors.

[0019] The nature of the invention has been described, it is necessary to point out that the mentioned improvements in an electrical capacitor will be able to be obtained from the most pertinent form and with more suitable materials or means, being all included within the spirit of the following claims.

Claims

1. Improvements in an electrical capacitor, characterized because the same capacitor includes: a first armature (5) with an electrode (5c), a first ionizable layer (1), an intermediate conductive element (9), a second ionizable layer (11), a semiconductor layer (3) and a second armature (7) with an electrode (7c), being this semiconductor layer (3) in contact simultaneously with the second armature (7) and the conductive element (9) and this last one in contact with the two ionizables layers (1 and 11).

2. Improvements according to claim 1, characterized in that the mentioned ionizables elements (1 and 11) are air.

3. Improvements according to claim 1, characterized in that the mentioned semiconductor element (3) is a special dynamic dielectric.

4. Improvements according to some of the previous claims characterized in that said electrical capacitor adopts the following scheme:

- an element (5), corresponding to the first conductor (5c) and capable of loading itself negatively,

- a first ionizable element (1),

- an intermediate element (9) capable of adopting a positive load,

- a second ionizable element (11),

- a semiconductor element (3), and

- an element (7), corresponding to the second conductor (7c) and capable of loading itself positively.

5. Improvements in accordance to some of the previous claims characterized in that there is an insulating material (14) between the conductive element (9) and the armature (7) or its electrode (7c).

Drawing