[0001] This invention relates to a method for controlling restart of weaving operation of
a loom that enables to effectively prevent formation of a filling bar in a fabric
in restarting weaving operation of the loom.
[0002] When a loom such as a jet loom is brought to a suspended state due to weft insertion
failure or electric power outage, for example, the loom is driven in a backward direction
to conduct a pick finding, and an improperly inserted weft yarn or a weft yarn having
a possibility of insertion failure is completely removed. Then, the loom is brought
to a specific start state, and the weaving operation is restarted.
[0003] When the weaving operation of the loom is restarted, there is a disadvantage that
the density of the weft yarn may be varied in the vicinity of the cloth fell, and
a filling bar may be formed in the fabric. In order to prevent such a drawback, there
is proposed an arrangement in which the loom is restarted while giving vibration to
the warp yarn by way of an eccentric roller (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication
No. 8-246296).
[0004] In the above conventional art, since vibration given to the warp yarn by way of an
eccentric roller is not sufficiently large, the effect of preventing formation of
a filling bar is insufficient. Specifically, a fabric cannot have a desired specific
weft yarn density by beating only once, but several times of beating are required
to obtain a desired proper weft yarn density. Therefore, the weft yarn density varies
from rough to tight in the vicinity of the cloth fell as distanced from the cloth
fell. When the loom is restarted after a temporary stop, and weft yarn insertion is
resumed while giving vibration to the warp yarn, movement of the weft yarn by beating
in the fabric is not the same as in the normal weaving operation before the temporary
stop because a strain of the warp yarn in the weaving operation after the temporary
stop is not the same as that in the normal weaving operation before the temporary
stop. As a result, the warp yarn density is not kept constant.
[0005] It is an object of this invention to provide a method for controlling restart of
weaving operation of a loom which has overcome the problems residing in the prior
art.
[0006] It is another object of this invention to provide a method for controlling restart
of weaving operation of a loom that enables to effectively prevent formation of a
cloth fell resulting from varied weft yarn density without rotating a main shaft,
namely by restarting weaving operation of the loom by moving a heddle frame or frames
up and down in a state that all the devices other than the heddle frames are kept
in an inoperative state.
[0007] According to an aspect of this invention, a loom is restarted by moving at least
one heddle frame up and down without a pause while keeping a main shaft non-rotated
after confirming that the main shaft is set to a restart position, and by rendering
all the heddle frames to a synchronous relation to the main shaft. The "synchronous
relation" in this specification means that each heddle frame is brought to a certain
phase relative to the main shaft so that each heddle frame is operated in accordance
with a shedding pattern in a normal weaving operation.
[0008] According to another aspect of this invention, the heddle frame is selectively moved
up and down in accordance with a heddle frame moving pattern dedicatedly used for
the heddle frame or with a shedding pattern in the normal weaving operation.
[0009] According to yet another aspect of this invention, after the heddle frame is moved
up and down, the heddle frame is rendered to a synchronous relation to the main shaft.
[0010] According to still another aspect of this invention, the heddle frame is moved up
and down by a certain number of times, wherein the number is an integer.
[0011] In the inventive method, the loom is so designed that the heddle frames are moved
up and down without a pause while keeping the main shaft non-rotated after confirming
that the main shaft is set to the restart position to generate a sufficient strain
in the warp yarn. Subsequently, the weaving operation of the loom is restarted after
all the heddle frames are rendered to a synchronous relation to the main shaft. Specifically,
in this arrangement, constant weft yarn density can be secured by properly moving
the weft yarn in the fabric by beating operation after the loom is restarted. Thereby,
a filling bar in the fabric is prevented. Since the heddle frames are moved up and
down without rotating the main shaft, the heddle frames are driven by a dedicated
driving motor other than a main motor for driving the main shaft, and the number of
times and the speed of moving the heddle frames up and down are properly set depending
on, for example, the kind of warp yarn and weft yarn.
[0012] The number of times of moving the heddle frame up and down may range from several
to several tens of times in terms of a reciprocating motion, and the speed of moving
the heddle frame up and down may be the same as the speed in a normal weaving operation,
or may be slower or faster than the speed in the normal weaving operation. Specifically,
the speed of moving the heddle frame up and down is preferably set in the range from
about 50 to 200 % relative to that in the normal weaving operation for the following
reasons. If the speed of the heddle frame is less than 50%, separation of the warp
yarn is deteriorated with the result that a desired warp yarn strain is not provided.
On the other hand, if the speed of the heddle frame is above 200%, an excessive stress
is likely to be exerted to a driving system for driving the heddle frames.
[0013] Moving the heddle frames up and down in accordance with the dedicated vertical movement
pattern makes it possible to move the heddle frames up and down without a pause irrespective
of a required weaving pattern. Thus, the time required for vertical movement of the
heddle frames can be minimized.
[0014] By moving the heddle frames up and down in accordance with the shedding pattern in
the normal weaving operation, a warp yarn strain given by the vertical movement can
be made closer to the warp yarn strain given by the normal weaving operation.
[0015] Rendering the heddle frames to a synchronous relation to the main shaft after moving
the heddle frames up and down is advantageous as follows. The shedding pattern after
restart of the loom can be securely shifted to the shedding pattern before stop of
the loom even in such a condition that the weaving operation of the loom is suspended
by electric power outage with the result that a synchronous relation of the heddle
frames to the main shaft is collapsed, or that the heddle frames are independently
and arbitrarily moved up and down without considering a synchronous relation to the
main shaft. It should be appreciated that the heddle frames are rendered to a synchronous
relation to the main shaft based on the cycle number corresponding to the restart
position and the crank angle of the main shaft so as to attain a desired shedding
pattern in the normal weaving operation.
[0016] In the above arrangement, moving the heddle frames up and down by a certain number
of times (the number is an integer) makes it possible to securely return the heddle
frames to the initial position before start of the vertical movement where the heddle
frames have been set to a synchronous relation to the main shaft upon termination
of the vertical movement. This arrangement can dispense with a synchronizing operation
after the vertical movement. Note that the loom is so designed that the heddle frames
are stopped in a synchronous relation to the main shaft.
[0017] These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become
clear upon a reading of the following description of the preferred embodiments thereof,
taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing an entire system of a loom embodying
the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing essential elements of a control system of the loom;
FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing a weaving pattern and a shedding pattern, respectively;
FIG. 4 is a timing chart of controlling operation of the loom;
FIG. 5 is a chart showing a relationship between time and operation of a heddle frame;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram schematically showing essential elements of a modified control
system;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram schematically showing another modified control system; and
FIGS. 8A and 8B are timing charts showing altered operations of the control system.
[0018] Referring to FIG. 1, a loom includes a shedding motion section provided with a normal
operating device 11, a synchronizing device 12 , a vertical driving device 13, and
a driving controller 21. In FIG. 1, a tension roller R1 disposed at a feeding side
of warp yarn Y, a reed R2 , and a guide roller R3 disposed 'at a winding side of fabric
Ya are exemplified as primary elements of the loom. The warp yarns Y form a shed by
four heddle frames WF. Each of the heddle frames WF is driven by a driving mechanism
WM including a dedicated driving motor M and a crank mechanism.
[0019] A crank angle θ provided from an encoder EN coupled to a main shaft A of the loom
is inputted to the normal operating device 11 as a pulse train signal. The main shaft
A is coupled to an unillustrated main motor. A stop signal Sa is inputted from an
unillustrated loom control circuit to the normal operating device 11. The normal operating
device 11 outputs to the driving controller 21 a target rotating amount Poi (i=1,
2, 3, 4) for driving the corresponding driving motor M as a pulse train signal. Outputs
from the driving controller 21 are individually sent to the respective driving motors
M. The actual rotating amount Pf of the corresponding driving motor M is fed back
to the driving controller 21.
[0020] The synchronizing device 12 receives a restart signal Sb from the loom control circuit
(not shown) and a current position Gi (i=1, 2, 3, 4) of the corresponding heddle frame
WF, as well as the crank angle θ provided from the encoder EN. The current position
Gi represents a current height of the relevant heddle frame WF which is detected based
on the rotated position of the corresponding driving motor M. The synchronizing device
12 outputs to the driving controller 21 an adjusted rotating amount Psi (i=1, 2, 3,
4) for correctively driving the corresponding driving motor M as a pulse train signal.
The synchronizing device 12 receives an output such as Ksi from the normal operating
device 11, which will be described in a later section.
[0021] As shown in FIG. 2, the vertical driving device 13 includes a vertical movement command
section 13a, a first setting section 13b, and a second setting section 13c. The vertical
movement command section 13a receives the restart signal Sb from the loom control
circuit (not shown), and outputs to the driving controller 21 a rotating amount Pq
for moving the corresponding heddle frame WF up and down as a pulse train signal.
When the integrated pulse number corresponding to the rotating amount Pq reaches a
predetermined target rotating amount Pqm outputted from the first setting section
13b, the vertical movement command section 13a stops outputting the rotating amount
Pq to the driving controller 21. The vertical movement command section 13a determines
the pulse frequency of the rotating amount Pq based on a velocity vq of moving the
heddle frame WF up and down. The velocity vq is outputted from the second setting
section 13c.
[0022] The normal operating device 11 has a memory storing, for example, a weaving pattern
(see FIG. 3A) of fabric Ya which is formed in terms of one repeat consisting of a
certain number of cycles (cycle number n=1, 2 , ... , 6) with use of four heddle frames
WF (frame number m=1, 2, 3, 4), and a predetermined shedding pattern Ksi (i=1, 2,
3, 4) (see FIG. 3B) of each heddle frame WF which is defined based on the weaving
pattern. The heddle frames WF are numbered in the order of m=1, 2, 3, 4 from the reed
R2 toward downstream with respect to the warp yarn feeding side. Referring to FIG.
3A, it should be appreciated that the heddle frame of the number m and at the cycle
number n indicated by a square with a cross is shifted to an uppermost position, whereas
the heddle frame indicated by a blank square is shifted to a lowermost position for
forming and closing a shed.
[0023] While the loom is in a normal weaving operation, the crank angle θ is outputted from
the encoder EN to the normal operating device 11 in response to rotation of the main
shaft A. Upon receiving the crank angle θ , the normal operating device 11 specifies
the cycle number n (n=1,2, ..., 6) in one repeat of a designated weaving pattern based
on the crank angle θ, and updates (increments) the cycle number n. Further, the normal
operating device 11 is allowed to output the target rotating amount Poi of each driving
motor M to the driving controller 21 in conformity to the crank angle θ. Upon receiving
the target rotating amount Poi, the driving controller 21 controls the relevant driving
motor M in such a manner that the actual rotating amount Pf of the relevant driving
motor M attain the target rotating amount Poi. Under the control of the driving controller
21, each driving motor M moves the corresponding heddle frame WF upward or downward
based on the shedding pattern Ksi so that the heddle frames WF are moved up and down
in synchronism with rotation of the main shaft A for forming and closing a shed.
[0024] If a weft yarn insertion failure occurs at the cycle number n=n1 during a normal
weaving operation of the loom, the stop signal Sa is generated from the loom control
circuit to suspend driving of the main motor so as to suspend the weaving operation
of the loom. Upon receiving the stop signal Sa, the normal operating device 11 is
allowed to store the incremented cycle number n=n1+1 at the time when the weaving
operation of the loom is suspended. This is for the reason that if a weft yarn insertion
failure occurs, a loom is generally controlled to suspend a next weft yarn insertion
and to stop the weaving operation when the loom is brought to a next cycle. In suspending
weaving operation of the loom, driving of each driving motor M is suspended together
with driving of the main shaft A while keeping a synchronous relation to the main
shaft A.
[0025] In restarting the loom for normal weaving operation, the main shaft A is rotated
in a backward direction for pick finding to the position where the weft yarn insertion
failure occurred at the cycle number n=n1, while keeping the functions of the normal
operating device 11 and the driving controller 21. After the pick finding and removal
of the defective weft yarn, the main shaft A is rotated further in the backward direction
to the restart position corresponding to the cycle number n=n1 - 1. At this time,
the normal operating device 11 decrements the cycle number n based on the crank angle
θ in conformity to the backward rotation of the main shaft A from the stop position
to the restart position. As shown in FIG. 4, in response to generation of the restart
signal Sb in the loom control circuit, the loom is controlled to proceed to a normal
weaving operation by the normal operating device 11 after vertical movement of the
heddle frames WF by the vertical driving device 13 and synchronizing operation by
the synchronizing device 12 are implemented in this order.
[0026] Specifically, referring to FIG. 4, upon receiving the restart signal Sb, the vertical
movement command section 13a of the vertical driving device 13 outputs, to the driving
controller 21, the rotating amount Pq for moving the relevant heddle frame WF up and
down at the pulse frequency which is defined based on the velocity vq outputted from
the second setting section 13c. This operation is performed in the condition: t ≧t1.
Upon receiving the rotating amount Pq, the driving controller 21 drives the relevant
driving motor M based on a constant rotating speed corresponding to the velocity vq
of the relevant heddle frame WF in such a manner that the heddle frames WF are moved
up and down altogether without a pause in accordance with a specific vertical movement
pattern dedicatedly used for the heddle frames WF. This operation is implemented under
the condition: t1≦t<t2. During this operation, a sufficient strain is given to the
warp yarns Y. It should be appreciated that each velocity vq is so regulated that
the rotating speed of the corresponding driving motor M during the vertical movement
falls in the range from 50 to 200% relative to the rotating speed of the motor M during
a normal weaving operation.
[0027] When the integrated pulse number of the rotating amount Pq reaches the predetermined
target rotating amount Pqm, the vertical movement command section 13a suspends the
output of the rotating amount Pq to stop driving the relevant motor M so as to terminate
the vertical movement of the corresponding heddle frame WF at the time t=t
2. It should be appreciated that merely the operation of a single heddle frame WF is
illustrated in FIG. 4.
[0028] Subsequently, the synchronizing device 12 reads the current cycle number n, namely,
the cycle number n=n1
- 1 corresponding to the restart position, as well as the shedding pattern Ksi from
the normal operating device 11, and finds the shedding pattern Ksi=f(n,
θ) based on the crank angle θ corresponding to the restart position. Then, the synchronizing
device 12 calculates the adjusted rotating amount Psi of the relevant driving motor
M that enables the corresponding heddle frame WF at the current position Gi to attain
the required shedding pattern Ksi, and outputs the calculated rotating amount Psi
to the driving controller 21. This operation is implemented under the condition: t
≧ t2a, wherein t2a - t2 ≒ 0. Upon receiving the adjusted rotating amount Psi, the
driving controller 21 drives the relevant driving motor M by the adjusted rotating
amount Psi to bring the corresponding heddle frame WF to a synchronous relation to
the main shaft A during the time t2a ≦ t<t3. Thus, the required shedding pattern Ksi
is realized. It should be noted that the heddle frame WF is shifted to a lowermost
position to be rendered to a synchronous relation to the main shaft A in FIG. 4.
[0029] In FIG. 4, the velocity of the heddle frame WF during a synchronizing operation may
be the same as the velocity vq of the heddle frame WF during a vertical movement or
may be faster or slower than the velocity vq, as far as the heddle frame WF is securely
rendered to a synchronous relation to the main shaft A. Alternatively, the time (t3
- t2a) required for a synchronizing operation may be minimized by automatically selecting
the driving direction of the heddle frame WF for the synchronizing operation that
secures a less adjusted rotating amount Psi for attaining the required shedding pattern
Ksi, in place of making the driving direction of the heddle frame WF for the synchronizing
operation identical to the driving direction during the vertical movement, as shown
in FIG. 4.
[0030] After restart of the loom, the loom is proceeded to a normal weaving operation in
which each heddle frame WF is set to such a position as to continue the shedding pattern
Ksi before the loom is suspended by rotating the relevant driving motor M in conformity
to the rotation of the main shaft A by way of the normal operating device 11 during
the time t≧t3.
[0031] Alternatively, after the vertical driving device 13 moves the heddle frames WF up
and down, the synchronizing device 12 may bring the heddle frames WF to a synchronous
relation to the main shaft A without suspending the heddle frames WF during the time
t2≦t<t3 in FIG. 5. In FIG. 5, merely the operation of a single heddle frame WF is
illustrated, and the heddle frame WF is shifted to an uppermost position during a
synchronizing operation to be rendered to a synchronous relation to the main shaft
A by driving the heddle frame WF in the same direction as in the vertical movement
at a speed slower than the velocity vq. The synchronizing device 12 outputs the adjusted
rotating amount Psi of the relevant driving motor M required for attaining the shedding
pattern Ksi based on the current position Gi of the corresponding heddle frame WF
at the time when the vertical movement of the heddle frame WF is terminated.
[0032] In this embodiment, the loom is so designed that the heddle frames WF are suspended
in a synchronous relation to the main shaft A even if the loom is suspended due to
a reason other than weft yarn insertion failure such as shortage of warp yarn and
forcible manual stop operation. In restarting the loom in such a condition, the loom
is returned to a normal weaving operation by setting the main shaft A to the restart
position after eliminating the cause of suspending operation of the loom, and by moving
the heddle frames WF up and down so as to render all the heddle frames WF to a synchronous
relation to the main shaft A.
[0033] If the loom is suspended owning to electric power outage, there is a likelihood that
the loom is suspended in an asynchronous state to the main shaft A because the rotating
amount of the main shaft A resulting from inertia force is not identical to that of
the respective driving motors M resulting from inertia force. Further, it is highly
likely that the weft yarn inserted immediately before the power outage has insertion
failure. Even in such a case, the heddle frames WF are rendered to a synchronous relation
to the main shaft A with use of the synchronizing device 12, and pick finding is conducted
to remove the defective weft yarn. After setting the main shaft A to the restart position,
and moving each heddle frame WF up and down by the vertical driving device 13 to render
all the heddle frame WF to a synchronous relation to the main shaft A again, the loom
is proceeded to a normal weaving operation.
[0034] In the above embodiment, it is possible to move at least one heddle frame WF up and
down by the vertical driving device 13, in place of moving all the heddle frames WF.
In such an altered arrangement, the synchronizing device 12 performs synchronizing
operation merely with respect to the relevant heddle frame WF. Further, it is possible
to move the heddle frames WF up and down individually in accordance with a vertical
movement pattern individually set for each of the heddle frames WF by providing a
vertical driving device 13 for each of the driving motors M. In such an altered arrangement,
a smoother separating operation of the warp yarns Y can be effectuated by, for example,
moving the heddle frames WF up and down in such a manner that the adjoining heddle
frames WF are set in opposite phase to each other, or by simply moving the adjoining
heddle frames WF up and down alternately.
[0035] The normal operating device 11 has a function of storing a unit shedding pattern
Ksj (j=1, 2, ... ) which is defined per cycle, and a shedding pattern Ksi in one repeat,
which is a combination of a plurality of unit shedding patterns Ksj, in place of storing
a shedding pattern Ksi which is defined with respect to each of the heddle frames
WF, and a function of creating a shedding pattern Ksi of each of the heddle frames
WF based on the combination of the unit shedding patterns Ksj. Since the unit shedding
pattern Ksj=f (θ ) is usable in common among the heddle frames WF at the cycle number
n, there is no need of providing a memory having an exceedingly large capacity capable
of storing an increased number of the heddle frames WF and an increased number of
the cycles constituting one repeat.
[0036] Alternatively, the vertical driving device 13 may allow each heddle frame WF to automatically
return to its initial position where the heddle frame WF is in a synchronous relation
to the main shaft A by moving the relevant heddle frame WF up and down by a certain
number i of times (i is an integer). This arrangement makes it possible to omit synchronizing
operation by the synchronizing device 12 which is implemented after the vertical movement.
Each heddle frame WF is controlled to be moved up and down exactly by the number i
of times by setting in the first setting section 13b the predetermined target rotating
amount Pqm which is equal to an integral multiple of the actual rotating amount Pf
of the corresponding driving motor M required for reciprocating the heddle frame WF
once.
[0037] In the following, described are modifications of the embodiment with reference to
FIGS. 6 through 8. It should be appreciated that elements in the modifications identical
to those in the embodiment are denoted at the same reference numerals.
[0038] Referring to FIG. 6, a pseudo crank angle θ a is outputted from a vertical movement
command section 13a to a normal operating device 11, in place of the arrangement that
the vertical driving device 13 outputs the rotating amount Pq for moving the relevant
heddle frame WF up and down to the driving controller 21. The pseudo crank angle θ
a is a pulse train signal having the same waveform as a crank angle θ provided from
an encoder EN (not shown). In the altered arrangement, the vertical movement command
section 13a in a vertical driving device 13 activates driving motors M by way of the
normal operating device 11 and a driving controller 21 by outputting to the normal
operating device 11 the pseudo crank angle θ a of a pulse frequency which is defined
based on a velocity vq of a relevant heddle frame WF so as to move the heddle frames
WF up and down in accordance with a shedding pattern Ksi during a normal weaving operation.
[0039] As shown in FIG. 6, a time tq during which a relevant heddle frame WF is moved up
and down is set in a first setting section 13b of the vertical driving device 13,
in place of setting the predetermined target rotating amount Pqm for moving the relevant
heddle frame WF up and down. In such an altered arrangement, the vertical movement
command section 13a outputs the pseudo crank angle θ a or the rotating amount Pq during
the time tq so as to move the relevant heddle frame WF up and down.
[0040] Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a synchronizing device 12 inputs an original point signal
Sci (i=1, 2, 3, 4) indicating the initial position of each heddle frame WF in place
of inputting the current position Gi of each heddle frame WF. In such an altered arrangement,
the synchronizing device 12 outputs a signal corresponding to a moved amount of each
heddle frame WF from its initial position to such a position as to attain a required
shedding pattern Ksi=f(n, θ) in terms of an adjusted rotating amount Psi of each driving
motor M. Specifically, after activating each driving motor M and receiving the original
point signal Sci, the synchronizing device 12 rotates each driving motor M by the
adjusted rotating amount Psi to render each heddle frame WF to a synchronous relation
to a main shaft A. Thus, a required shedding pattern Ksi is provided.
[0041] Referring to FIG. 7 showing another modification, the heddle frames WF are moved
up and down by a common driving motor M by way of a common driving mechanism WM such
as a cam mechanism. The driving mechanism WM is coupled to the driving motor M by
way of a clutch CL1, and is coupled to a main shaft A by way of a clutch CL2. The
driving mechanism WM has a function of controlling shedding operation during a normal
weaving operation. In such an altered arrangement, the normal operating device 11
is omitted. Further, the clutch CL2 is a so-called one-point clutch which is selectively
coupled to the main shaft A at a specific crank angle
θ.
[0042] In the above modification, in response to suspending operation of the loom, the driving
motor M is coupled to the driving mechanism WM by way of the clutch CL1, and at the
same time, linkage of the driving mechanism WM to the main shaft A is released by
way of the clutch CL2. Then, a vertical driving device 13 outputs to a driving controller
21 a rotating amount Pq for moving the relevant heddle frame WF up and down to move
the heddle frames WF up and down altogether in accordance with a shedding pattern
Ksi during a normal weaving operation by way of the driving motor M and the driving
mechanism WM. Further, the driving controller 21 sets the driving mechanism WM to
such a position as to be engageable with the clutch CL2 by way of the driving motor
M in response to receiving the adjusted rotating amount Ps from the synchronizing
device 12 so as to render the heddle frames WF to a synchronous relation to the main
shaft A. The loom is brought to a restart state after engaging the clutch CL2 with
the driving mechanism WM to couple the driving mechanism WM to the main shaft A while
disengaging the clutch CL1 from the driving motor M.
[0043] In the above modifications, the velocity vq of moving each heddle frame WF up and
down which is set in the second setting section 13c is properly determined depending
on the kind of warp yarn Y and weft yarn. Further, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, a
vertical driving device 13 may drive a driving motor M at a varied speed in place
of driving the driving motor M at a constant speed. Specifically, the vertical driving
device 13 may stepwise (see FIG. 8A) or continuously (see FIG. 8B) change the rotating
speed v of each driving motor M during a vertical movement of the heddle frames WF
by altering the rotating amount Pq for moving the relevant heddle frame WF up and
down or the pulse frequency of the pseudo crank angle θa in time-series.
[0044] As described above, a sufficient strain is given to warp yarns by moving the heddle
frames up and down while keeping the main shaft non-rotated in restarting weaving
operation of the loom. This arrangement is advantageous in eliminating a drawback
that constant weft yarn density is not secured in the vicinity of a cloth fell immediately
after restart of the loom and in effectively suppressing formation of a filling bar
in the fabric resulting from a varied weft yarn density at the restart of the loom.
[0045] As this invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit
of essential characteristics thereof, the present embodiment is therefore illustrative
an not restrictive, since the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims
rather than by the description preceding them, and all changes that fall within metes
and bounds of the claims, or equivalence of such metes and bounds are therefore intended
to be embraced by the claims.