The invention relates to wall or ceiling panels of a building forming a tongue and groove joint without fastening elements, said panels comprising a metallic outer surface plate, a metallic inner surface plate arranged at a thickness from the outer surface plate, and heat insulation therebetween; in said tongue and groove joint, the groove is placed at the first edge of the panel and comprises a fold that is bent inwardly from one of said edges of the surface plate in a second direction, and, as an extension thereof, a first bend pointing in the opposite first direction inside said thickness; and the tongue is placed at the other edge of the panel and comprises a bead strip extending outwards, in said second direction of a surface plate, and as an extension thereof, a second bend pointing in said first direction inside said thickness. In particular, the invention relates to a fire resistant panel of this type.
Currently used seams, i.e. tongue and groove joints provided between wall or ceiling panels made of metallic surface plates and insulation provided therebetween, are not the best possible joints. One such tongue and groove joint between light panels is described in the
The object of the invention is to realize a tongue and groove joint of the type described in the beginning of this specification, which joint would have a distinctly better fire resistance than the prior art tongue and groove structures, and which joint would also otherwise have better airtightness and watertightness than known tongue and groove joints. Another object of the invention is to achieve said main objects without using any fire resistant paint or other thermally expanding mass between the insulations of the connected panels, and also without locking the tongue and groove joint with screws or similar means. A third object of the invention is to achieve, for a tongue and groove of this type, also a shape that does not result in mutual matching problems when installing the panels in place, as is sometimes the case with known seam solutions.
The above described drawbacks are eliminated, and the above defined objects achieved by means of a tongue and groove according to the invention, characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1.
It has surprisingly been found that by designing in the tongue and groove joints of wall or ceiling panels both the tongue section and the groove section, so that they include folds and first bends as extensions of the surface plates, and in addition by arranging, as extensions of said bends, another set of inner flanges, at the same time as the tongue bend is preferably arranged on the opposite side of the bead strip than the surface plates, there is achieved a shape-locked joint between the tongue and the groove. The shape-locked joint that is achieved owing to these several plate bends or plate folds, designed according to the invention, drastically improves the sealing of the tongue and groove, particularly in the case of a fire. The reason for this improvement is that in the tongue and groove joint, the combustion gases infiltrating through the plate bends are in the case of a fire conducted towards the heat insulation, and not directly to the seam joint of the insulations provided between the panels, in which case also the insulation capacity remains good, in addition to the improved sealing. We can speak of a three-step locking, where the vertical parts of the tongue and groove, i.e. the parts that are essentially parallel with the panel, stick against each other, and the innermost bend of the panel, pointing towards the inside of the panel, secures the locking, which in the case of a fire is tightened more owing to the expansion of the panels caused by the combustion heat, and owing to the deformations caused by said expansion. In the tongue and groove joint, the same conducting of the combustion gases works in both directions. In addition, the groove part is set precisely and reliably, without wedging, in the tongue part, because the tongue and groove parts do not include inclined surfaces. Thus the wall or ceiling surface formed of the panels is smooth. When being locked, the panel surface plates cannot slide or slip apart. When necessary, a double sealing can be utilized in this tongue and groove joint. As for a flow of water, caused by rain and wind, that attempts to penetrate into the tongue and groove joint, it can be prevented by a capillary groove or water-preventing trough according to the invention. The capillary groove is invisible, hidden in the vertical part of the tongue; owing to the expanded transversal surface, it prevents the water from rising deeper in the tongue and groove joint, and is left invisible after the installation of the next panel. The capillary groove can also be used as an extra sealing in the tongue and groove joint, by extruding for instance sealing mass therein, either in the factory or during the installation step at the building site.
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the appended drawings.
The figures illustrate a panel construction to be used as wall or ceiling panels 1 in a building. This kind of light ceiling or wall panels comprise a metallic outer surface plate 3a, a metallic inner surface plate 3b placed at a thickness W1 thereof and heat insulation 6 in between said two surfaces. For fire safety, the heat insulation is generally mineral wool, but in some cases other heat insulations can also be used, such as foam polymers, for instance foam polyurethane or the like. Each of two superimposed wall panels 1a, 1b and respectively each of two adjacent ceiling panels 1a, 1b are interconnected at the edges by means of a mutual tongue and groove joint 2 without a fastening element. The fact that a fastening element is not provided means that in between the groove 7 and the tongue 8, there are not provided any mutually fastening elements, but there may be provided fasteners, such as screws or bolts, that penetrate the tongue alone and attach it to structures, not illustrated in the drawings. In the preferred embodiments illustrated in the drawings, not even these are provided, but the panels are fastened by other means. The absence of a mutual fastening element between the groove and the tongue enables a self-sealing capacity to be described below. Owing to said lack of fastening elements, in practice - the attached drawings representing, on the other hand, theoretical measures - at least one of the first bends 9a or 9b according to the invention is in contact with at least one of the second bends 10a or respectively 10b, i.e. the bend 9a is in contact with the bend 10a and/or the bend 9b is in contact with the bend 10b. At least between said bends 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b and the plate curves 13a, 13b, 14a, 14b, 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b to be described below, there is not provided any other material than the sealings 21 and 22. In most cases, in similar fashion, at least one of the folds 4a or 4b is in contact with at least one of the second bead strips 5a or respectively 5b. The groove 7 of the tongue and groove joint is provided at the first edge of each panel and comprises a fold 4a or 4b, folded from said edge of a surface plate inwards in said panel 1a, towards the tongue 8, i.e. in the second direction D2, and as an extension thereof, a first bend 9a, 9b pointed in the opposite first direction D1, i.e. outwards towards the edge 1a of said panel, inside the panel thickness W1. The tongue 8 of the tongue and groove joint is located at the second edge of each panel, said edge being opposite to the first edge, and comprises a bead strip 5a or 5b, extending outwards from said panel 1b of a surface plate, towards said edge, i.e. when the groove and tongue are mutually attached, in said second direction D2, and as an extension thereof, a second bend 10a, 10b pointing in said first direction, i.e. in this case towards the panel 1b, inside said panel and in the direction D1 towards said groove 7, inside said second thickness W1. It is pointed out that said panels 1, of which in the above specification, for the sake of clarity there are used individual reference numbers 1a and 1b, are typically identical, containing a groove at one edge and a tongue at the other edge, i.e. in general, there is used a common reference number 1. For special purposes, there can naturally be made panels that are mutually different. If said panel 1 is used as a wall panel or a ceiling panel installed in an inclined position, the tongue 8 is provided at the top edge of the panel, and the groove 7 is provided at the bottom edge of the panel. Thus the first direction D1 points downwards, and the second direction D2 points upwards. In any case, the directions D1 and D2 are parallel with the center line connecting the panel edge on the tongue side and the panel edge on the groove side. If the surface plates are in parallel, the directions D1, D2 are also parallel with them.
According to the invention, the groove 7 comprises a fold 4a, 4b and a first bend 9a, 9b as an extension of both surface plates 3a and 3b, and the tongue 8 is provided with a bead strip 5a, 5b and a second bend 10a, 10b as an extension of both surface plates 3a and 3b, which thus means that the first tongue and groove section 31 located on the side of the first surface plate 3a is essentially of the same type as the second tongue and groove section 32 located on the side of the second surface plate 3b. The first and second tongue and groove sections 31, 32 are not necessarily mutually identical or located at precisely the same height in the directions D1, D2, but according to the invention, they are in principle corresponding in shape, and contain sections or shapes that are functionally of the same type. Thus for example the second tongue and groove section 32 can be located upper, i.e. shifted in the direction D2, or lower, shifted in the direction D1, the curvatures to be dealt with below can be of different orders etc. However, it is most advantageous that the first and second tongue and groove section 31, 32 are identical in measures, in which case the tongue and groove joint 1 is mirror symmetrical with respect to the center plane that is parallel with the panel surface plates. The bead strips 5a, 5b of the tongue 8 according to the invention, as well as the folds 4a, 4b of the groove 7 arranged on both sides thereof, can be essentially parallel with the surface plates 3a, 3b, as is depicted by unbroken lines in the drawings, but especially the tongue bead strips 5a, 5b can also in the second direction D2 approach each other, so that the bead strips form, with respect to the direction of the surface plates, an angle K3 that is smaller than 10°, generally not larger than 7° and typically of the order 5°, as is depicted by dotted lines in
In the groove 7, the distance W2 between the folds 4a, 4b is smaller than the thickness W1 of the wall elements, and in addition the distance W2 of these folds 4a, 4b is larger than the distance W3 of the bead strips 5a, 5b of the tongue 8, but by no more than for the length of the first clearances P1. In similar fashion, in the tongue 8 the distances W4 of the second bends 10a, 10b are larger than the distances W5 off the first bends 9a, 9b of the groove 7, but by no more than for the length of the second clearances P2. Typically these second clearances P2 are smaller than the first clearances P1, and further the second clearances P2 are at least at some point of the distance between the first and second plate curves 13a, 13b, 14a, 14b on one hand, and the distance between the third and fourth plate curves 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b on the other hand, parallel with the surface plates 3a, 3b, preferably along the length HX, i.e. at this point or length, the first and second bends 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b are in parallel. By utilizing this configuration, there is obtained a self-sealing quality for the tongue and groove joint 2 by means of thermal expansion during a fire, which is further enhanced by the existence of the first and second plate curves 13a, 13, 14a, 14b located on both sides of the length HX of the second clearance P2, oriented in the opposite directions and shapewise accurately matching, as well as the existence of the shapewise accurately matching third and fourth plate curves 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b. The mutual matching of said plate curves is achieved so that the distance from the first plate curves to the third plate curves is essentially equal to the distance from the second plate curves to the fourth plate curves, and in a ready-installed tongue and groove joint 2, the first and second plate curves 13a, 13, 14a, 14b mutually and the third and fourth plate curves 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b mutually are simultaneously positioned in corresponding positions, i.e. they could, without the sealing materials 21, 22, get into contact with each other. Thus the above described self-sealing is achieved both in the direction of the surfaces of the panels 1 and in the directions of the panel thicknesses W1. The size of the second clearance P2, as well as both gaps between the first and second plate curves and the third and fourth plate curves, where the first and second sealing materials 21, 22 are located, are at the most three times the thickness S of the surface plates, and advantageously at the most two times the thickness S of the surface plates, in which case it should be observed that the surface plates may have different thicknesses. Typically the size of the second clearance is within the range 0.5 - 1.2 times the thickness of the surface plates, in test pieces about 0.85 times the thickness of the plate. As for the first clearance P1, it is at least 1.2 times but not more than three times the second clearance P2, preferably within the range 1.5 - 2.5 times the second clearance. By means of the design and measures of the tongue and groove sections according to the invention, the tongue and groove joint 2 is when installing and as a ready-made structure fairly loose in a normal situation, but in the case of a fire at least one of the second clearances P2, or at a later stage both second clearances approach zero, thus closing the route of combustion gases. The surface plates 3a, 3b are curved as groove folds 4a, 4b in the semi-curves 17, and as tongue bead strips 5a, 5b in the opposite curve sections 18a and 18b, as is shown in the drawings. When necessary, for example when the panel is used as an exterior wall panel, the tongue 8 according to the invention also comprises, at least in the bead strip 5a on the side of the outer surface plate 3a, pointing in the other direction, a capillary trough 20 parallel with the tongue and groove, which capillary trough decreases the wind-oriented tendency of rain water to penetrate into the tongue and groove joint.
The groove folds 4a, 4b and the first bends 9a, 9b are interconnected by first plate curves 13a, 13b, and the bead strips 5a, 5b and the second bends 10a, 10b of the tongues are interconnected by second plate curves 14a, 14b. The first plate curves 13a, 13b have a first curvature R1, and the second plate curves 14a, 14b have a second curvature R2, and the first curvature R1 is larger than the second curvature R2. The first curvature R1 and the second curvature R2 are convex in the same direction, and especially in the second direction D2, i.e. the first plate curves 13a, 13b and the second plate curves 14a, 14b are all convex in the second direction D2 and concave in the opposite first direction D1. Further, the third plate curves and the fourth plate curves are roughly semicircles, in which case there must naturally be observed the angles K3 possibly formed by the bead strips 5a, 5b. Moreover, the first bends 9a, 9b and the first inner flanges 11a, 11b of the groove are interconnected by third plate curves 15a, 15b, and the second bends 10a, 10b and the second inner flanges 12a, 12b of the tongue are interconnected by fourth plate curves 16a, 16b. The third plate curves 15a, 15b have a third curvature R3, the fourth plate curves 16a, 16b have a fourth curvature R4, and the third curvature is smaller than the fourth curvature. The third curvature R3 and the fourth curvature R4 are convex in the same direction, and especially in the first direction D1, i.e. the third plate curves 15a, 15b and the fourth plate curves 16a, 16b are all convex in the first direction D1 and concave in the opposite second direction D2. Further, the third plate curves and the fourth plate curves are roughly semicircles, in which case - when there are taken into account the above described first and second angles K1, K2 and the fact that the first and second bends 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b are at least roughly parallel with the surface plates 3a, 3b - the third plate curves 15a, 15b form an arch that is at least 30°, preferably at least 45° and typically 60° - 90°, and the fourth plate curves 16a, 16b respectively form an arch that is at least 20° or 25°, preferably at least 35° or 40° and typically 50° - 80° or 55° - 85°. The tongue and groove joint is sealed at least by a first sealing 21 that is arranged in between the above described first plate curves 13a, 13b and the second plate curves 14a, 14b. Advantageously the tongue and groove joint also comprises second sealings 22, which are arranged in between the third plate curves 15a, 15b and the fourth plate curves 16a, 16b. The sealings 21 and 22 are made of a suitable elastic sealing material. The edges 19a, 19b of the heat insulation 6 located between the surface plates are placed, when observed in the directions of the panels or their planes D1, D2, in the area of the third plate curves 15a, 15b and the fourth plate curves 16a, 16b, i.e. in the thickness direction of the panels, between the opposite fourth plate curves 16a and 16b, set against each other, so that they form a mutual border surface 29, in which case the edges 23, 24 of the first inner flanges 11a, 11b and the second inner flanges 12a, 12b are located at the heights H' and H" from the border surface formed by the heat insulation edges 19a, 19b, and on the same side of said border surface 29, i.e. in the second direction D2 when observed from the border surface. It is possible to place the border surface 29 also in the direction of the panel thickness in between the opposite second inner flanges 12a and 12b, but by no means as far as the edges 24 of the second inner flanges; in between said edges 24 and the border surface 29, there must be left clearly said first height H', the size of which is at least half of the third curvature R3, more precisely of the radius of curvature and preferably at least half of the radius of curvature corresponding to the third curvature. The edges 23 of the first inner flanges are located at least at the second height H", which in a preferred embodiment of the figures is at least as large as the first height, i.e. H" ≧ H', but it may also be somewhat smaller than the first height, i.e. H" ≲ H'.
The folds 4a, 4b of the groove, folded in the second direction D2, have a first height H, and the bends 5a, 5b of the tongue, pointing in the second direction D2, have a second height H2, said second height being larger than the first height. Moreover, the first bends 9a, 9b of the groove, pointing in the first direction D1, have a third height H3, and the second bends 10a, 10b of the tongue, pointing in the first direction D1, have a fourth height H4, and the third height is equal to the fourth height or larger or smaller than the fourth height for the length of the third clearance P3.
This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.