The present invention relates to a positive working lithographic printing plate precursor that requires aqueous alkaline processing and comprises an infrared absorbing dye containing a polysiloxane group.
Lithographic printing presses use a so-called printing master such as a printing plate which is mounted on a cylinder of the printing press. The master carries a lithographic image on its surface and a print is obtained by applying ink to said image and then transferring the ink from the master onto a receiver material, which is typically paper. In conventional lithographic printing, ink as well as an aqueous fountain solution (also called dampening liquid) are supplied to the lithographic image which consists of oleophilic (or hydrophobic, i.e. ink-accepting, water-repelling) areas as well as hydrophilic (or oleophobic, i.e. water-accepting, ink-repelling) areas. In so-called driographic printing, the lithographic image consists of ink-accepting and ink-abhesive (ink-repelling) areas and during driographic printing, only ink is supplied to the master.
Printing masters are generally obtained by the so-called computer-to-film method wherein various pre-press steps such as typeface selection, scanning, color separation, screening, trapping, layout and imposition are accomplished digitally and each color selection is transferred to graphic arts film using an image-setter. After processing, the film can be used as a mask for the exposure of an imaging material called plate precursor and after plate processing, a printing plate is obtained which can be used as a master.
A typical printing plate precursor for computer-to-film methods comprise a hydrophilic support and an image-recording layer of a photosensitive polymer layers which include UV-sensitive diazo compounds, dichromate-sensitized hydrophilic colloids and a large variety of synthetic photopolymers. Particularly diazo-sensitized systems are widely used. Upon image-wise exposure, typically by means of a film mask in a UV contact frame, the exposed image areas become insoluble and the unexposed areas remain soluble in an aqueous alkaline developer. The plate is then processed with the developer to remove the diazonium salt or diazo resin in the unexposed areas. So the exposed areas define the image areas (printing areas) of the printing master, and such printing plate precursors are therefore called 'negative-working'. Also positive-working materials, wherein the exposed areas define the non-printing areas, are known, e.g. plates having a novolac/naphtoquinone-diazide coating which dissolves in the developer only at exposed areas.
In addition to the above photosensitive materials, also heat-sensitive printing plate precursors are known. Such materials offer the advantage of daylight stability and are especially used in the so-called computer-to-plate method wherein the plate precursor is directly exposed, i.e. without the use of a film mask. The material is exposed to heat or to infrared light and the generated heat triggers a (physico-)chemical process, such as ablation, polymerization, insolubilization by cross-linking of a polymer or by particle coagulation of a thermoplastic polymer latex, and solubilization by the destruction of intermolecular interactions.
The major problems associated with the prior art materials is (i) the low differentiation between the development kinetics of exposed and non-exposed areas - i.e. the dissolution of the exposed coating in the developer is not completely finished before the unexposed coating also starts dissolving in the developer - and (ii) thermal diffusion of heat into the substrate resulting in a reduced sensitivity of the printing plate precursor. This leads to low quality prints showing unsharp edges and toning (ink-acceptance in exposed areas) and narrow development latitude.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a positive-working lithographic printing plate precursor which shows a high differentiation between exposed and non-exposed areas and which has a high sensitivity. These objects are realized by the material in claim 1 and by the specific embodiments in the dependent claims. By providing a water-repellent compound in the second layer of the coating and by the use of infrared absorbing dyes comprising specific substituents which increase the compatibility of the dye with the second layer of the coating the heat created during infrared exposure is concentrated in the second layer.
The lithographic printing plate precursor of the present invention contains a support having a hydrophilic surface and a coating provided thereon. The coating comprises at least two layers, designated herein as first and second layer, the first layer being closest to the support, i.e. located between the support and the second layer. The printing plate precursor is positive-working, i.e. after exposure by light and development the exposed areas of the coating are removed from the support and define hydrophilic (non-printing) areas, whereas the unexposed coating is not removed from the support and defines an oleophilic (printing) area. The second layer is believed to act as a barrier that prevents penetration of the aqueous alkaline developer into the oleophilic resin of the first layer at unexposed areas. At exposed areas, the barrier function of the second layer can be reduced due to the exposure and dissolution of the coating at those areas can be increased upon immersion in an aqueous alkaline developer. This reduction of the barrier function of the second layer upon exposure can be tested e.g. by measuring the water uptake, due to swelling of the oleophilic resin, of an exposed and a non-exposed sample: typically, the exposed sample absorbs a small amount of water whereas the average water-uptake of non-exposed samples is within statistical error not different from zero.
The barrier function of the second layer arises from the presence of a water-repellent compound. Suitable examples thereof are polymers comprising siloxane and/or perfluoroalkyl units or block- or graft-copolymers comprising a poly- or oligo(alkylene oxide) block and a block of poly- or oligosiloxane and/or perfluoroalkyl units. The water-repellent polymer may be present in an amount of e.g. between 0.5 and 15 mg/m2, preferably between 0.5 and 10 mg/m2, more preferably between 0.5 and 5 mg/m2 and most preferably between 0.5 and 2 mg/m2. Higher or lower amounts are also suitable, depending on the hydrophobic/oleophobic character of the compound. When the water-repellent polymer is also ink-repelling, higher amounts than 15 mg/m2 can result in poor ink-acceptance of the non-exposed areas. An amount lower than 0.5 mg/m2 on the other hand may lead to an unsatisfactory development latitude: development of the exposed areas is not completed before the start of the development of the non-exposed areas.
The block comprising the siloxane and/or perfluoroalkyl units may be a linear, branched, cyclic or complex cross-linked polymer or copolymer. The perfluoroalkyl unit is e.g. a -(CF2)- unit. The number of such units may be larger than 10, preferably larger than 20. The term polysiloxane compound shall include any compound which contains more than one siloxane group -Si(R,R')-O-, wherein R and R' are optionally substituted alkyl or aryl groups. Preferred siloxanes are phenylalkylsiloxanes and dialkylsiloxanes, e.g. phenylmethylsiloxanes and dimethylsiloxanes. The number of siloxane groups -Si(R,R')-O- in the (co-)polymer is at least 2, preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 20. It may be less than 100, preferably less than 60. The alkylene-oxide block preferably includes units of the formula -CnH2n-O- wherein n is preferably an integer in the range 2 to 5. The moiety - CnH2n- may include straight or branched chains. The alkylene-oxide block moiety may also comprise optional substituents. Preferred embodiments and explicit examples of such polymers have been disclosed in
In formula I, a poly(alkylene oxide) block consisting of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units is grafted to a polysiloxane block. In formula II, long chain alcohols consisting of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units are grafted to a trisiloxane group.
The second layer may contain the oleophilic resin as well as the water-repellent compound. However, it is believed that block- or graft-copolymers comprising a poly- or oligo(alkylene oxide) block and a block of poly- or oligosiloxane and/or perfluoroalkyl units due to their bifunctional structure, position themselves during coating at the interface between the coating solution and air and thereby automatically form a separate layer, corresponding to the second layer of the present invention, even when applied as an ingredient of the coating solution of the oleophilic layer.
Alternatively, the water-repellent compound can be applied in a second solution, coated on top of the first layer. In that embodiment, it may be advantageous to use a solvent in the second coating solution that is not capable of dissolving in the ingredients present in the first layer so that a phase of highly concentrated water-repellent polymer is obtained at the top of the material.
Whilst the applicants do not wish to be limited by any theoretical explanation of how their printing plate precursor operates, it is believed that the spreading of the second layer on the first layer is reduced by the exposure, e.g. by 'thermal dewetting', i.e. heat-induced decrease of the surface tension of the polysiloxane, to such an extent that the second layer breaks up, thereby forming an incomplete layer which can no longer shield the first layer from the developer completely. Rubbing with a cotton pad also removes a sufficient amount of the polysiloxane to trigger development. The removal of the polysiloxane by rubbing can be measured e.g. by comparing the ratio of the siloxane 1H-NMR signals versus the signals of the phenolic resin of a sample before and after rubbing.
The oleophilic resin is preferably a polymer that is soluble in an aqueous developer, more preferably an aqueous alkaline developing solution with a pH between 7.5 and 14. Preferred polymers are phenolic resins e.g. novolac, resoles, polyvinyl phenols and carboxy substituted polymers. Typical examples of these polymers are described in
The coating comprises an IR dye containing a polysiloxane group, which sensitizes the material to the IR light used during the exposure. The polysiloxane group can be linear, branched, cyclic or complex cross-linked. The number of silicium atoms in the polysiloxane group may be greater than 2, preferably 4 or greater than 4. Preferred siloxane groups -Si(R,R')-O- are groups wherein R and R' are optionally substituted alkyl or aryl groups. Preferred siloxane groups are phenylalkylsiloxanes and dialkylsiloxanes, e.g. phenylmethylsiloxanes and dimethylsiloxanes. The IR dye is preferably a compound having an absorption maximum in the wavelength range between 750 and 1500 nm, so that a daylight stable material is obtained which can be handled without the need for darkroom conditions. Daylight stable material means that no substantial dissolution in the developer is induced by exposure to visible light.
The sensitizing dye may be present in the first layer, in the second layer discussed above or in an optional other layer. It is believed that the high hydrophobicity of the polysiloxane group comprised in the IR light absorbing dye makes the dye more compatible with the water-repellent compound and thereby promotes the tendency of the dye to position itself preferentially in the second layer, i.e. further away from the support. As a result, the heat generated by the exposure is concentrated in the second layer and a high sensitivity is observed. The concentration of the IR absorbing compound in the coating is typically between 0.25 and 10.0 wt %, more preferably between 0.5 and 7.5 wt %.
Preferred IR absorbing compounds for use in this invention are represented by the general formula III:
- a and b each independently represent an integer from 0 to 4;
- -L1- and -L2- independently represent a divalent linking group such as alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene, -(CH2)t-O-, -(CH2)t-NH-,-(CH2)t-COO-, -(CH2)t-COO-(CH2)u-, -(CH2)t-OCO-,-(CH2)t-OCO-(CH2)u-,-(CH2)t-CONH- or -(CH2)t-CONH-SO2-, or combinations thereof;
- -E1 and -E2 independently represent a neutral, anionic or cationic terminal group selected from alkyl, -H, -OH, -Cl, -Br,-F, -SiRaRbRc (neutral groups); -SO3- , -SO4-, -PO32-, -PO42-, -COO- (anionic groups); -[NRdReRf]+(cationic group);
- Ra, Rb and Rc independently represent an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group;
- Rd, Re and Rf independently represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group; -A1- and -A2- independently represent -[Si(RgRh)-O]m-, -CvF2v-, -[(CF2)2-O]w- or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group;
- Rg and Rh independently represent an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group, -[O-Si(RaRb)]q-E1 or -[O-Si(RaRb)]q-E2;
- with p1 and p2 is 0 or 1;
- with t , u, q and m is 1 or an integer greater than 1;
- with v and w is 2 or an integer greater than 2;
- -Y1- and -Y2- independently represent one or two non-metallic atoms, which may be substituted, necessary to complete a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring;
- -Z1 and -Z2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or -Z1 and -Z2 together represent the necessary atoms to complete a 5- or 6-membered ring;
- R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group or a group selected from a halogen atom, -NO2, -O-Ri, -CO-Ri, -CO-O-Ri, -O-CO-Ri, -CO-NRiRj, -NRiRj, -NRi-CO-Rj, -NRi-CO-O-Rj, -NRi-CO-NRjRk, -SRi, -SO-Ri, -SO2-Ri, -SO2-O-Ri, -SO2NRiRj, a perfluoroalkyl group or a polysiloxane group; each of said groups may optionally comprise a terminal group E defined above as -E1 and -E2 and/or wherein two adjacent groups selected from R1, R2 ,-Y1- and -Y2- together form an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered ring;
- Ri, Rj and Rk independently represent a hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group;
- R3 represents a substituent selected from a hydrogen, a halogen atom, an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, a polysiloxane group, an amino group, a thioalkyl group, a thioaryl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a barbituric group or a thiobarbituric group, each of said groups being optionally substituted;
- X represents one or more optional counter ions selected from: Cl-, Br-, I-, F-, D-SO3-, D-SO4-, D-PO42-, D-PO32-, D-COO-,D-[NRoRpRq]+, ClO4 or BF4-;
- D represents Si(RrRsRt)-[O-Si(RuRv)]n-, [(RrRsRt)SiO]3-Si-, CjF2j+1-, CF3-[(CF2)2-O]i-, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a substituted aryl group;
- with n and i are 1 or an integer greater than 1;
- with j is 3 or an integer greater than 3;
- Ro, Rp, Rq, independently represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group;
- Rr, Rs, Rt, Ru and Rv independently represent an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group;
- with the proviso that for the general formula III above at least one of the following substituents is represented by a polysiloxane group: -A1-, -A2-, R1, R2, R or X.
In the embodiment wherein the IR light absorbing dye carries a negative or positive electrical charge, a counter ion X with opposite charge is required to neutralize the compound. The dye can be anionic or cationic as the chromophore and/or polysiloxane containing substituents on the chromophore and/or other substituents on the chromophore can have a charge. The unit of charge of the dye is determined by the sum of the positive and/or negative charges of the substituents on the dye and one or more counter ions with equal sum of opposite charge is present to neutralize the dye. The unit of charge of the counter ions can be mono or multiple and/or positive or negative.
In the embodiment wherein -E1 and -E2 represent a neutral terminal group such as alkyl, -H, -OH,-F or -SiRaRbRc (and no other charged groups are present on the IR light absorbing dye), a counter ion X carrying a negative charge is present to neutralise the positively charged IR light absorbing dye. If, on the other hand one of the terminal groups is represented by an anionic group such as-SO3-, -SO4-, or -COO (and the other terminal group is represented by a neutral group and no other charged groups are present on the IR light absorbing dye) no counter ion is required. One of the terminal groups can be a cationic group such as -[NRaRbRc]+, than one counter ion carrying two negative charges (e.g. D-PO42-, D-PO32-) or two counter ions each carrying one negative charge (e.g. Cl, Br-, I-, F-, D-SO3-, D-SO4-, D-COO-, ClO4- or BF4-) are present. Depending on the kind of the terminal groups -E1 and -E2 and their unit of charge, none, one or more counter ions are necessary to neutralise the IR light absorbing dye.
In the embodiment wherein R3 represents a substituent carrying a negative charge, e.g. a negatively charged barbituric group, and no other substituents carrying a positive or negative charge are present on the IR light absorbing dye, a Zwitterion where the sum of charge of the dye is zero is obtained and no counter ion is present.
Negatively charged barbituric group:
Suitable subclasses of the above IR light absorbing dyes are represented by the following formulae:
In the above formulae IV to XIV, P1, P2, a, b, -L1-, -L2-, -A1 -, -A2-, -E1, -E2, R1, R2, R3, -Y1-, -Y2-, -Z1, -Z2 and X have the same meaning as in formula III above; R4 and R5 have the same meaning as defined above, with the proviso that at least one of the following substituents is represented by a polysiloxane group: -A1-, -A2-, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 or X.
Additional suitable subclasses of IR light absorbing dyes are represented by formulae wherein two adjacent R1 groups or two adjacent R2 groups form an optionally substituted phenyl group, annelated with another phenyl group of the dye. So any of the formulae III to XIV wherein such phenyl group is present also represent dyes that are suitable for a precursor of the present invention. Two preferred embodiments of such dyes are represented by formulae XV and XVI:
- P1, P2, a, b, -L1-, -L2-, -E1 , -E2 , -A1-,-A2-, -Y1-, -Y2 -, -Z1, - Z2, -R3 and X have the same meaning as in formula III above;
- c and d are independently 0, 1 or 2;
- each R6 to R9 independently represent a group as defined for R1 and R2 above;
In formulae IV to XIV two adjacent R1 groups and/or two adjacent R2 groups can form an optionally substituted annelated phenyl group and such subclasses also are part of the present invention.
Other preferred subclasses of IR light absorbing dyes are represented by formula III in which the polysiloxane group is covalently linked to the dye and/or comprised in the counter ion X, if a counter ion X is present. The indices/substituents p1, p2, -L1-, -L2-, -E1, -E2, -A1-, -A2-, -Y1-, -Y2-, R1, R2, R3, -Z1, -Z2 and X have the same meaning as in formula III above.
Additional preferred subclasses of IR light absorbing dyes are represented by formula III in which the polysiloxane group is not covalently linked to the dye but comprised in the counter ion X. The indices/substituents p1, p2, -L1-, -L2-, -E1, -E2, -A1-, -A2-, -Y1-, -Y2-, R1, R2, R3, -Z1, -Z2 and X have the same meaning as in formula III above with the proviso that:
- -A1-, -A2-, R1, R2 and R3 can not represent a polysiloxane group;
- X contains a polysiloxane group.
Further preferred subclasses of IR light absorbing dyes are represented by the following formulae XVII and XVIII:
- R10 represents -(CH2)e-Si-[OSi(R11R12R13)]3 or
-(CH2)e-OCO-(CH2)f-[Si(R14R15)-O]g-(CH2)h-CH3;
- R4 and R5 have the same meaning as defined above;
- R11, R12, R13, R14 and R15 independently represent an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group;
- e, f, g and h are 1 or an integer greater than 1.
Specific examples of IR absorbing dyes that are preferred for use in this invention include the following compounds:
Next to the preferred infrared dyes containing a polysiloxane group, the coating can contain additional infrared absorbing dyes such as cyanine dyes or pigments such as carbon black. Examples of suitable IR absorbers are described in e.g.
The first layer may further contain other ingredients such as additional binders to improve the run length of the plate, colorants, development inhibitors as disclosed in
Suitable development accelerators are described in e.g.
The support has a hydrophilic surface or is provided with a hydrophilic layer. The support may be a sheet-like material such as a plate or it may be a cylindrical element such as a sleeve which can be slid around a print cylinder of a printing press. Preferably, the support is a metal support such as aluminum or stainless steel.
A particularly preferred lithographic support is an electrochemically grained and anodized aluminum support. The anodized aluminum support may be treated to improve the hydrophilic properties of its surface. For example, the aluminum support may be silicated by treating its surface with a sodium silicate solution at elevated temperature, e.g. 95°C. Alternatively, a phosphate treatment may be applied which involves treating the aluminum oxide surface with a phosphate solution that may further contain an inorganic fluoride. Further, the aluminum oxide surface may be rinsed with a citric acid or citrate solution. This treatment may be carried out at room temperature or may be carried out at a slightly elevated temperature of about 30 to 50°C. A further interesting treatment involves rinsing the aluminum oxide surface with a bicarbonate solution. Still further, the aluminum oxide surface may be treated with polyvinylphosphonic acid, polyvinylmethylphosphonic acid, phosphoric acid esters of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylsulfonic acid, polyvinylbenzenesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid esters of polyvinyl alcohol, and acetals of polyvinyl alcohols formed by reaction with a sulfonated aliphatic aldehyde. It is further evident that one or more of these post treatments may be carried out alone or in combination. More detailed descriptions of these treatments are given in
According to another embodiment, the support can also be a flexible support, which is provided with a hydrophilic layer, hereinafter called 'base layer'. The flexible support is e.g. paper, plastic film, thin aluminum or a laminate thereof. Preferred examples of plastic film are polyethylene terephthalate film, polyethylene naphthalate film, cellulose acetate film, polystyrene film, polycarbonate film, etc. The plastic film support may be opaque or transparent.
The base layer is preferably a cross-linked hydrophilic layer obtained from a hydrophilic binder cross-linked with a hardening agent such as formaldehyde, glyoxal, polyisocyanate or a hydrolyzed tetra-alkylorthosilicate. The latter is particularly preferred. The thickness of the hydrophilic base layer may vary in the range of 0.2 to 25 µm and is preferably 1 to 10 µm.
The hydrophilic binder for use in the base layer is e.g. a hydrophilic (co)polymer such as homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl alcohol, acrylamide, methylol acrylamide, methylol methacrylamide, acrylate acid, methacrylate acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate or maleic anhydride/vinylmethylether copolymers. The hydrophilicity of the (co)polymer or (co)polymer mixture used is preferably the same as or higher than the hydrophilicity of polyvinyl acetate hydrolyzed to at least an extent of 60% by weight, preferably 80% by weight.
The amount of hardening agent, in particular tetraalkyl orthosilicate, is preferably at least 0.2 parts per part by weight of hydrophilic binder, more preferably between 0.5 and 5 parts by weight, most preferably between 1 parts and 3 parts by weight.
The hydrophilic base layer may also contain substances that increase the mechanical strength and the porosity of the layer. For this purpose colloidal silica may be used. The colloidal silica employed may be in the form of any commercially available water dispersion of colloidal silica for example having an average particle size up to 40 nm, e.g. 20 nm. In addition inert particles of larger size than the colloidal silica may be added e.g. silica prepared according to Stöber as described in
Particular examples of suitable hydrophilic base layers for use in accordance with the present invention are disclosed in
It is particularly preferred to use a film support to which an adhesion improving layer, also called support layer, has been provided. Particularly suitable adhesion improving layers for use in accordance with the present invention comprise a hydrophilic binder and colloidal silica as disclosed in
The printing plate precursor of the present invention can be exposed to light, e.g. by means of LEDs or a laser head. Preferably, one or more lasers or a laser diode are used. The light used for the exposure is infrared light having a wavelength in the range from about 750 to about 1500 nm and preferably a laser such as a semiconductor laser diode, a Nd:YAG or a Nd:YLF laser is used. The required laser power depends on the sensitivity of the image-recording layer, the pixel dwell time of the laser beam, which is determined by the spot diameter (typical value of modern plate-setters at 1/e2 of maximum intensity: 10-25 µm), the scan speed and the resolution of the exposure apparatus (i.e. the number of addressable pixels per unit of linear distance, often expressed in dots per inch or dpi; typical value: 1000-4000 dpi).
Two types of laser-exposure apparatuses are commonly used: internal (ITD) and external drum (XTD) plate-setters. ITD plate-setters for thermal plates are typically characterized by a very high scan speed up to 1500 m/sec and may require a laser power of several Watts. The Agfa Galileo T (trademark of Agfa Gevaert N.V.) is a typical example of a plate-setter using the ITD-technology. XTD plate-setters operate at a lower scan speed typically from 0.1 m/sec to 20 m/sec and have a typical laser-output-power per beam from 20 mW up to 500 mW. The Creo Trendsetter plate-setter family (trademark of Creo) and the Agfa Excalibur plate-setter family (trademark of Agfa Gevaert N.V.) both make use of the XTD-technology.
The known plate-setters can be used as an off-press exposure apparatus, which offers the benefit of reduced press down-time. XTD plate-setter configurations can also be used for on-press exposure, offering the benefit of immediate registration in a multi-color press. More technical details of on-press exposure apparatuses are described in e.g.
In the development step, the non-exposed areas of the coating are removed by immersion in an aqueous alkaline developer, which may be combined with mechanical rubbing, e.g. by a rotating brush. The development step may be followed by a drying step, a rinsing step, a gumming step, and/or a post-baking step.
The printing plate thus obtained can be used for conventional, so-called wet offset printing, in which ink and an aqueous dampening liquid are supplied to the plate. Another suitable printing method uses so-called single-fluid ink without a dampening liquid. Single-fluid inks which are suitable for use in the method of the present invention have been described in
2 mol of product 1 and 1 mol of product 2 are dissolved in 7.5 1 acetonitrile and stirred at 70°C for 90 minutes. After this period, 17 1 acetonitrile is added and the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature. IR-1 is filtered and dried. (Yield = 46%)
1 mol of product 4, 1.4 mol of product 3 and 1 mol of potassium Iodide are added to 0.3 1 sulfolane. The reaction mixture is kept for 6 hours at 150°C; subsequently the mixture is cooled to room temperature and 2 1 methyl-tertiair-butylether is added. After extraction with 10 1 water, 2 1 butylacetate is added to the organic layer. The reaction mixture is stirred for 30 minutes and product 1 is filtered and dried. (yield = 21%)
1 mol of product 5 and 3.5 mol of product 6 are added to 0.3 1 ethylacetate and the mixture is kept at 65°C for 30 minutes. 0.75 1 methyl-tertiair-butylether and 0.7 1 hexane are added and product 2 is filtered and dried. (yield = 55%)
To 1 mol of product 7 in 0.8 1 toluene and 1 mol of acetic acid, 1,13 mol of product 6 is added at room temperature. Subsequently 1,5 1 hexane is added and the reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Product 5 is filtered and dried. (yield = 79%)
1 mol of product 8, 1.1 mol cyclopentanon, 0.07 mol ammonium acetate and 0.15 1 methanol are mixed and refluxed for 4.5 hours. After that period, 1 l toluene is added and methanol and water are separated by distillation. The reaction solution obtained is used for synthesis of intermediate product 5.
1 mol of product 9, 1 mol of product 10, 2 mol of acetic acid anhydride and 0.15 l acetic acid are reacted at 90 °C for 2.5 hours. Acetic acid is removed by vacuum distillation and product 8 is obtained.
1 mol of product 11 is dissolved in 0.07 1 toluene and 1 mol of product 12 is added at 50°C. The solvent is evaporated and product 9 is obtained.
4 mol of product 14 and 2 mol of product 18 are stirred in 10 1 toluene for 10 minutes at 80 °C. Subsequently, 1 mol of product 13 and 40 l toluene are added. The reaction mixture is refluxed for 45 minutes. The organic layer is evaporated and the remaining product is dissolved in a mixture of 5 1 toluene and 5 1 methanol. 40 1 methanol is added and IR-2 is filtered and dried. (yield = 50%)
1 mol of product 15, 1.1 mol of product 16 and 1.5 mol of potassium acetate are dissolved in 4 1 methylene chloride and 6 1 methanol. The mixture is stirred for one hour at room temperature. Product 13 is filtered and dried. (yield = 30%)
A mixture of 2 mol of product 19, 1 mol of product 20, 4 1 methanol, 0.5 1 triethyl amine and 0.4 1 acetic acid anhydride is stirred at 60°C for 2 hours. 200 g NaI and 4 l methyl-tertiair-butylether are added. Product 15 is filtered and dried. (yield = 25%)
1 mol of product 3 and 0.1 mol 2-bromoethanol are dissolved in 0,2 1 sulfolane and are kept at 100°C for 4 hours. Adding 1 l acetone precipitates the product. Product 19 is filtered and dried. (yield = 82%)
A mixture of 1 mol of product 29, 0.5 1 toluene, 0.18 1 acetic acid, 1.05 mol of product 10 and 0.25 1 acetic acid anhydride are kept at 100°C for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture is poured into methanol/water and product 16 is filtered and dried. (yield = 44%)
2 mol of product 17 and 1 mol of product 18 are stirred at 90°C for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture is poured into methanol/water and product 29 is filtered and dried. (yield = 28%)
4 mol of product 14, 10 l toluene and 2 mol of product 18 are kept at 80°C for 10 minutes. Subsequently 1 mol of product 24 and 50 l toluene are added and the mixture is refluxed for 45 minutes. The organic layer is evaporated and 5 1 toluene and 5 1 methanol is added. After addition of 40 1 methanol, IR-3 is filtered and dried. (yield = 75 %)
8 l methanol, 4 1 methylene chloride, 1 mol of product 25, 1 mol of product 16 and 1.5 mol of potassium acetate are stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Adding methyl ethyl ketone precipitates the product. Product 19 is filtered, washed with water and dried. (yield = 67%)
2 l methanol, 0.25 1 triethylamine, 2 mol of product 26, 1 mol of product 20 and 0.2 1 acetic acid anhydride are stirred at 60°C for 2 hours. Product 25 is filtered and dried. (yield = 40%)
1 mol of product 27 and 1.1 mol of 2-bromoethanol are dissolved in 2 1 sulfolane and stirred at 100°C for 4 hours. Adding aceton precipitates the product. Product 26 is filtered and dried. (yield = 85%)
10 mol of dimethylformamide, 3 mol phosphorylchloride are heated to 65°C. Than 1 mol of cyclopentanon is dropped to this mixture and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at 60°C. The reaction mixture is poured into 2 1 water containing 7 mol sodium acetate. Product 20 is filtered and dried. (yield = 60%)
4 mol of product 28 and 2 mol of product 18 are added to 50 1 toluene and the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes at 80°C. 1 mol of product 24 and 50 1 toluene are added and the mixture is refluxed for 45 minutes. The organic layer is evaporated and 500 1 hexane is added. The mixture is filtered and the filtrate is evaporated. IR-4 is obtained. (yield = 11%)
Product 30 + product 16 → IR -COMP1
1 mol of product 30 and 1 mol of product 16 are dissolved in 15 1 methanol and 7 1 methylene chloride. 2 mol potassium acetate is added and the mixture is stirred for 3 hours at 40°C. After evaporation of methylene chloride, COMP-1 is filtered and dried. (Yield 46%)
1 mol of product 32 and 2 mol of product 31 are added to 2 1 acetic acid anhydride and 2.2 mol triethylamine. The mixture is stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. After stirring 40 l ethyl acetate is added and product 30 is filtered and dried. (Yield = 30%)
1 mol of product 27 and 2 mol n-butyl bromide are stirred in 0.5 1 sulfolane for four hours at 100°C. Product 31 is filtered, washed with ethyl acetate and dried. (Yield: 61%)
1 mol of product 33 and 2 mol of product 34 are dissolved in 5 1 acetone and 2 1 water and stirred for one hour at room temperature. Product 32 is filtered and dried. (Yield = 80%)
These examples demonstrate the use of infrared dyes which contain a polysiloxane group in a coating according to the present invention in which the water repellent-compound is a polysiloxane containing polymer.
A 0.30 mm thick aluminum foil was degreased by immersing the foil in an aqueous solution containing 5 g/l of sodium hydroxide at 50°C and rinsed with demineralized water. The foil was then electrochemically grained using an alternating current in an aqueous solution containing 4 g/l of hydrochloric acid, 4 g/l of hydroboric acid and 5 g/l of aluminum ions at a temperature of 35°C and a current density of 1200 A/m2 to form a surface topography with an average center-line roughness Ra of 0.5 µm.
After rinsing with demineralized water the aluminum foil was then etched with an aqueous solution containing 300 g/l of sulfuric acid at 60°C for 180 seconds and rinsed with demineralized water at 25°C for 30 seconds.
The foil was subsequently subjected to anodic oxidation in an aqueous solution containing 200 g/l of sulfuric acid at a temperature of 45°C, a voltage of about 10 V and a current density of 150 A/m2 for about 300 seconds to form an anodic oxidation film of 3.00 g/m2 of Al2O3 then washed with demineralized water, post-treated with a solution containing polyvinylphosphonic acid and subsequently with a solution containing aluminum trichloride, rinsed with demineralized water at 20°C during 120 seconds and dried.
The solutions in Table 1 below were coated on the above support at a wet coating thickness of 20 µm and dried for 1 minute at 130°C. The materials were then imaged on a Creo Trendsetter 3244 (830 nm) using different energy density settings (intensity at the image plane) in the range from 80 mJ/cm2 up to 200 mJ/cm2. The plates were then processed by dipping for 60 seconds in a development tank filled with DP300 (aqueous alkaline developer commercially available from Agfa) at a temperature of 25°C. The IR-sensitivity of the different compositions corresponds to the minimum energy density setting that is required to obtain a 50% reduction of the light absorption of the coating, measured on the developed plate at the wavelength maximum of the contrast dye, in areas which have been exposed with a dot area of a 50% screen (@200 lpi).
The results in Table 1 indicate that the coating which comprises an infrared dye containing a polysiloxane group provide a higher sensitivity than the comparative coating in which the corresponding infrared dye does not contain a polysiloxane group.
**Triaryl methane dye commercially available from BASF
***a polymer containing polysiloxane commercially available from Tego Chemie, Essen, Germany; 10 wt.% solution in methoxypropanol.
****a polymer containing polysiloxane commercially available from Tego Chemie, Essen, Germany; 10 wt.% solution in methoxypropanol.
These examples demonstrate the use of an infrared dye which contains a polysiloxane group in a coating according to the present invention in which the water repellent-compound is a perfluoroalkyl containing polymer.
The support was prepared as described in examples 1 and 2.
The solutions in Table 2 below were coated on the above support at a wet coating thickness of 20 µm and dries for 1 minute at 130°C. The materials were then imaged on a Creo Trendsetter 3244 (830 nm) using different energy density settings (intensity at the image plane) in the range from 80 mJ/cm2 up to 200 mJ/cm2. The plates were then processed by dipping for 60 seconds in a development tank filled with DP300 (aqueous alkaline developer commercially available from Agfa) at a temperature of 25°C. The IR-sensitivity of the different compositions corresponds to the minimum energy density setting that is required to obtain a 50% reduction of the light absorption of the coating, measured on the developed plate at the wavelength maximum of the contrast dye, in areas which have been exposed with a dot area of a 50% screen (@200 lpi).
The results in Table 2 indicate that the coating which comprises an infrared dye containing a polysiloxane group provides a higher sensitivity than the comparative coating in which the corresponding infrared dye does not contain a polysiloxane group.
**Triaryl methane dye commercially available from BASF
***a polymer containing perfluoroalkyl commercially available from 3M; 10 wt.% solution in methoxypropanol.