[0001] The present invention relates to an elevator as defined in the preamble of claim
1.
[0002] A widely used elevator suspension solution is to suspend the elevator car and counterweight
on the hoisting ropes by means of a diverting pulley or diverting pulleys because
in this way the elevator hoisting machine can be designed according to a lower torque
requirement than if the elevator car and counterweight were suspended without such
suspending diverting pulleys. Especially the suspension of the elevator car is often
implemented by using a pair of diverting pulleys to guide a large rope loop or a rope
loop passed under the elevator car so that it comprises a rope portion between the
diverting pulleys which in most cases is substantially horizontal and that the ropes
go upwards from the diverting pulleys. This type of solutions are known e.g. from
specifications EP 0 631 967 and EP 0 749 931. It is also possible to develop solutions
in which the ropes have to be passed downwards from the pair of diverting pulleys.
The ropes in the rope portion between the pulleys of the pair of diverting pulleys
should meet the diverting pulleys substantially in alignment with the rope grooves
provided in these pulleys, because even a very small angle between the direction of
the rope groove of the diverting pulley and the rope running in the rope groove causes
a significantly increased wear of the rope groove and/or the rope. Especially in elevators
having small diverting pulleys, aligning the diverting pulleys in a given exact orientation
is a demanding task.
[0003] An object of the invention is to provide an economical and both structurally and
functionally simple method of aligning the ropes of a rope portion between the diverting
pulleys of a pair of diverting pulleys mounted on an elevator car or counterweight
and the rope grooves of the pair of rope pulleys with each other. Another object is
to position mutually corresponding rope grooves of the pair of diverting pulleys in
the same plane of rotation. A further object of the invention is to enable an aligned
positioning of the pulleys forming the pair of diverting pulleys mounted on the elevator
car and/or counterweight. Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method
of positioning the rope pulleys to be mounted on the elevator car and/or counterweight
and engaged by the same hoisting rope loop with respect to each other and preferably
also with respect to the elevator car or counterweight so that they can be fixed to
the elevator car or respectively the counterweight. An object of the invention is
to develop the elevator without machine room so as to allow more efficient space utilization
in the building and elevator shaft while at the same time facilitating installation
and maintenance. It is also an object to increase the reliability of alignment of
the diverting pulleys and to enable the use of simpler fastening structures for mounting
the diverting pulleys, especially in elevator solutions that use diverting pulleys
having a clearly smaller diameter than those conventionally used at present.
[0004] As for the features of the invention, we refer especially to the claims. The elevator
of the invention is characterized by what is disclosed in the characterization part
of claim 1. Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is disclosed
in the other claims.
[0005] The elevator of the invention comprises a set of hoisting ropes and an elevator car
suspended by the hoisting ropes. Especially in the case of traction sheave elevators,
it is advantageous to use a counterweight. The suspension of the elevator car and/or
counterweight on the hoisting ropes has been implemented using a pair of rope pulleys.
Each one of the rope pulleys forming the pair of rope pulleys is separately rotatably
mounted with bearings on its mounting frame, which may be a box, a shaft support or
extension or other frame part supporting the pulley on a fixing point or fixing support
on the elevator car or counterweight, which may be e.g. a car or counterweight frame
supporting the elevator car or counterweight, or some other suitable fixing point
in these. Elevator cars without counterweight, especially lightweight elevator cars,
often have reinforced parts for distributing the loads, and a mounting support can
be easily formed in such a reinforced part. The mounting frame is secured to the car
using screws, bolts and nuts, rivets, glue or by some other method. For example, in
bolt and nut mounting, it is often necessary to provide suitable holes for the bolts
in a suitable part of the mounting frame. The mounting frame sets the mutual orientation
of the plane of rotation of the rope pulley and the fixing part of an aligning means
provided in the frame so that when two rope pulleys are connected as a pair by means
of one aligning means, the planes of rotation of both rope pulleys coincide with a
sufficient accuracy, which in practice means that the direction of the ropes of the
rope portion between the pulleys forming the pair of rope pulleys differs very little
from the plane of rotation of the rope pulley as the ropes meet the rope groove of
the rope pulley. A very slight difference like this is clearly under one degree. By
applying the invention, it is easy to achieve a positioning of rope pulleys with a
difference or at most 1/7 degree or even less than 1/10 degree. When a round bar or
tube is used as an aligning means, the connection can be implemented using e.g. a
sleeve provided in the mounting frame. The sleeve and the round bar or tube to be
placed in it can be quite easily so fitted that the tolerance between them ensures
accurate alignment and the sleeve can be placed accurately in position in the mounting
frame. When the aligning means consists of a bar with straight sides, the attachment
to the mounting frame can be implemented using a surface parallel to the plane of
rotation of the rope pulley in the mounting frame.
[0006] By applying the invention, it is possible to achieve one or more the following advantages,
among others:
- reliable alignment of the diverting pulleys reduces the threshold for the use of diverting
pulleys of a small diameter, allowing a more compact elevator to be more easily achieved,
- the alignment and mounting of the diverting pulleys on the elevator car and/or counterweight
is facilitated and elevator installation times and total installation costs are reduced,
- the mounting of the diverting pulleys on the elevator car or counterweight can be
made simpler because mutual alignment of the diverting pulleys is ensured separately.
[0007] In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference to a few
embodiment examples, which do not constitute a limitation of the invention, referring
to the attached drawings, wherein
- Fig. 1
- presents a diagram representing an elevator according to the invention, and
- Fig. 2
- presents a diagram representing a diverting pulley used according to the invention.
[0008] Fig. 1 presents an elevator structure applying the invention. The elevator is preferably
an elevator without machine room, with the drive machine 6 placed in the elevator
shaft. The elevator presented here is a traction sheave elevator with machine above.
The passage of the hoisting ropes 3 is as follows: One end of the ropes is immovably
secured to fixing point 13 in the upper part of the shaft above the path of a counterweight
2 moving along counterweight guide rails 11, said fixing point being supported e.g.
by a wall or the ceiling of the elevator shaft or by at least one guide rail, from
which fixing point the ropes go downwards and meet diverting pulleys 9 provided with
rope grooves and used to suspend the counterweight, which diverting pulleys are rotatably
mounted on the counterweight 2 and from which the ropes 3 go further upwards to the
traction sheave 7 of the drive machine 6, passing over it along the rope grooves of
the traction sheave. The diverting pulleys are interconnected by an aligning bar 20.
From the traction sheave 7, the ropes 3 go further downwards to the elevator car 1
moving along car guide rails 10, passing under it via diverting pulleys 4 having rope
grooves and used to suspend the elevator car on the hoisting ropes. From the elevator
car, the ropes go further upwards to a fixing point 14 in the upper part of the shaft,
where the second end of the ropes 3 is immovably secured. Of the diverting pulleys
4, only one is visible. The diverting pulleys of the pair of diverting pulleys suspending
the elevator car are interconnected by an aligning bar 21. The fixing point 13 in
the upper part of the shaft, the traction sheave 7 and the diverting pulley 9 suspending
the counterweight on the ropes are preferably so disposed with respect to each other
that both the rope portion going from fixing point 13 to the counterweight 2 and the
rope portion going from the counterweight 2 to the traction sheave 7 are aligned substantially
in the direction of the path of the counterweight 2. Another preferred solution is
one in which the fixing point 14 in the upper part of the shaft, the traction sheave
7 and the diverting pulleys 4 suspending the elevator car on the ropes are so disposed
with respect to each other that both the rope portion going from the fixing point
14 to the elevator car and the rope portion going from the elevator car 1 to the traction
sheave 7 are substantially in alignment with the path of movement of the elevator
car 1. In this case, no auxiliary diverting pulleys are needed to guide the passage
of the ropes in the shaft. The effect of the rope suspension on the elevator car 1
is substantially centric as far as the diverting pulleys 4 suspending the elevator
car are disposed substantially symmetrically with respect to the vertical center line
passing through the mass center of the elevator car 1.
[0009] The drive machine 6 preferably placed in the elevator shaft is of a flat construction,
in other words, it has a small thickness in relation to its width and/or height, or
it is at least slim so that it can be accommodated between the elevator car and a
wall of the elevator shaft. There are also other possibilities regarding the placement
of the machine. It can be placed e.g. so that the slim machine is partly or completely
between an imaginary extension of the elevator car and a shaft wall. Equipment needed
for the supply of power to the motor driving the traction sheave 7 as well as equipment
needed for the control of the elevator can advantageously be placed in the elevator
shaft, as such equipment can be mounted in a common instrument panel 8, or they can
be placed separately from each other or integrated partly or completely with the drive
machine 6. The drive machine may be of geared or gearless type. A preferable solution
is a gearless machine comprising a motor provided with permanent magnets. The drive
machine can be secured in place to a wall or the ceiling of the elevator shaft, to
a guide rail or guide rails or to some other structure, such as a beam or frame. If
the elevator were to be implemented as an elevator with machine below, then another
possibility would be to mount the machine on the floor of the elevator shaft. Fig.
1 represents a preferable 2:1 suspension arrangement, but the invention can also be
implemented in the case of an elevator having a higher suspension ratio of the elevator
car and/or counterweight, e.g. 4:1. The invention can also be applied in elevators
without counterweight. The mutual alignment of two counterweight diverting pulleys
9 or two car diverting pulleys 9 implemented using aligning bars 20, 21 or other types
of similarly functioning aligning means does not bear the supporting forces required
when the diverting pulleys are secured to the counterweight or car but only align
the diverting pulleys with each other.
[0010] Fig. 2 presents a rope pulley 4 or 9 belonging to the pair of rope pulleys on the
elevator car or counterweight, with the ropes of the set of hoisting ropes 3 running
in the rope grooves of the rope pulley. The rope pulley is rotatably mounted with
bearings on a box-shaped mounting frame 23 of the rope pulley. The mounting frame
has a first connecting part 24 for attachment to a mounting support provided in the
elevator car or counterweight and a second connecting part 25 for attachment to a
separate aligning means 20 or 21 connecting the two rope pulleys of a pair of rope
pulleys. The position and direction of the second connecting part 25, in this case
a sleeve, set the middle plane of the rope pulley to the middle plane of the aligning
means 20, 21, in this case a tube, so the alignment takes place in the same way at
both ends. With the help of a mark provided on the tube and the sleeve or by other
means, the mounting frames at either end of the tube can be oriented in the same direction
with respect to the axis of the tube.
[0011] It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that different embodiments of the
invention are not limited to the examples described above, but that they may be varied
within the scope of the claims presented below. In this application, different embodiments
do not exclude each other, but different features of the embodiments can be used in
other embodiments where appropriate. Inventive content may also be present in the
goal setting or in sub-objectives as well as in the problem having led to the invention
or likewise in the sub-problems described. Both matter of a nature relating to objectives
and matter of a nature relating to problems may have been presented explicitly or
it appears implicitly from the context. The matter presented in the application includes
inventive content that can also be defined in other ways than is done in the claims
below.
1. An elevator comprising a set of hoisting ropes (3), an elevator car (1) suspended
by the set of hoisting ropes and possibly a counterweight (2) suspended by the set
of hoisting ropes, in which elevator the hoisting ropes are received by pair of rope
pulleys provided on the elevator car and/or counterweight, which hoisting ropes have
been arranged to pass via the rope pulleys of the said pair of rope pulleys so that
they run from a first rope pulley of the pair of rope pulleys to a second rope pulley
of the pair of rope pulleys, and in which elevator the rope pulleys are rotatably
mounted with bearings on the mounting frame (23) of the aforesaid rope pulley, the
said mounting frame comprising at least one first connecting part (24), by means of
which the rope pulley is secured to a mounting support on the elevator car or counterweight,
characterized in that the mounting frame (23) of each rope pulley in the pair of rope pulleys is provided
with at least one second connecting part (25) and that the second connecting part
has been arranged to be connected with accurate alignment to an aligning means (20,21)
separate from the mounting support.
2. An elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that the aligning means (20,21) is a part of the elevator car or counterweight.
3. An elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that the aligning means (20,21) is a part separate from the elevator car and counterweight.
4. An elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aligning means (20,21) is a tube or bar, and that the aligning means and the
second connecting part (25) are connected together by a form fit.
