SECURITY ELEMENT FOR DOCUMENTS, BANK NOTES, SECURITY PAPER AND THE LIKE

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a document, bank note, and security paper comprising a security element according to the preamble of claim 1, the features of which are known from document US 6 199 911 B1.

[0002] As is known, security elements for documents, bank notes, security paper and the like have been produced by using threads which, generally speaking, are constituted by a substrate made of clear plastic on which metallic layers, magnetic layers, microprinted layers, fluorescent layers, magnetic codes combined with metallization techniques and so forth have been applied, so as to provide the most disparate kinds of security element.

[0003] The threads thus provided are inserted in the paper fully or partially, in that the thread protrudes on the surface of the paper at discrete portions and is fully embedded in the paper in the remaining portions.

[0004] The current trend has been to provide security elements that would allow the public to perform easy and straightforward verification, and for this purpose threads have been provided in which demetallized regions were provided on the metallized layer and could, for example, form lettering or the like, so as to allow the public to check the littering; said- threads, provided by means of a metallic surface that can also be of the high-reflectance type, have the characteristic that once inserted in the document they are not visible under reflected light but are visible when held up to the light, i.e.. by placing the document between a light source and the person who must perform the verification.

[0005] However, these kinds of solution have several drawbacks, the first one being the.fact that the threads currently used allow lettering or characters that are approximately 0,8 mm high and are therefore not easily visible to users.

[0006] The aim of the invention is to solve the problems noted above by providing a document, bank note, security paper comprising a security element that allows to provide the user, i.e., the public, with the possibility to immediately perceive the presence of the security element in the document together with a criterion that allows to assess its authenticity.

[0007] Within the scope of this aim, a particular object of the invention is to provide a document, bank note, security paper comprising a security element that allows to use various combination of methods that are already commercially available, obtaining a particular combination of effects.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a document, bank note, security paper comprising a security element that by virtue of its particular constructive characteristics is capable of giving the greatest assurances of reliability and safety in use.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a document, bank note, security paper comprising a security element that can be obtained easily starting from commonly commercially available elements and materials and is furthermore competitive from a purely economic standpoint.

[0010] The objects of the invention are achieved by a document, bank note or security paper according to claim 1.

[0011] Further characteristics and advantage will become apparent from the description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of a security element for documents, bank notes, security paper and the like; illustrated only by way of non-limitative example with the aid of the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a schematic view of a document and the like provided with the security element according to the invention, viewed under reflected light;

Figure 2 is a document and the like with the security element according to the invention, viewed against the light;

Figure 3 is a view of a first embodiment of a security element according to the invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic view of an arrangement of layers, taken along the plane IV-IV of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a view of a security element with markings and characters perceivable in negative form;

Figure 6 is a schematic view of an arrangement of layers, taken along the plane VI-VI of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a view of another embodiment with holographic regions;

Figure 8 is a schematic view of an arrangement of layers, taken along the plane VIII-VIII of Figure 7;

Figure 9 is a view of another embodiment of the security element with magnetic portions;

Figure 10 is a schematic view of an arrangement of layers, taken along the plane X-X of Figure 9;

Figure 11 is a schematic view of an arrangement of layers, taken along the plane XI-XI of Figure 9.

[0012] With reference to the cited figures, the security element for documents, bank notes, security paper and the like, according to the invention, is provided so as to be able to perceive immediately its presence inside a document, without thereby requiring particular visual acuity.

[0013] In particular, the security element according to the invention, once inserted in a document; bank note, security card or the like, has the particular characteristic of providing a different dimensional perception when viewed under reflected light and when viewed against the light.

[0014] Considering the first embodiment, shown in Figures 3 and 4, a security element, generally designated by the reference numeral 1, is provided which has a supporting layer 2 that is advantageously formed by a thread or ribbon of plastic such as polyester, polypropylene, polycarbonate and the like and advantageously but not necessarily has a thickness between 8 and 200 µm, preferably between 15 and 23 µm. The security element thus provided is preset to be inserted in the paper both according to the method that provides for full insertion in the paper and according to the method that provides for insertion by segments or windows. A metallized layer 3 is provided on the supporting layer 2, can be made of various materials and has the particularity of having a high reflectance, which is preferably greater than, or equal to, 1.2 Optical Density.

[0015] Said high-reflectance metallized layer can be obtained by means of various materials; such as aluminum, chromium, nickel or other metals or combination of metals or by deposition of alloys.

[0016] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, on both faces of the metallized layer 3, which in practice forms a high reflectance region, there is a low-reflectance region that is advantageously constituted by a layer of print 4 applied by rotogravure, screen printing, offset printing or the like or by deposition and transfer of ribbons, lacquers, or in any case any method capable of providing a region that has a different reflectance and more specifically a certain degree of opacity capable of absorbing light rays.

[0017] The layers 4 can be provided on both faces of the metallized layer or optionally on a single face.

[0018] The assembly is furthermore completed by providing a hot-melt adhesive layer 6, which facilitates the anchoring of the security element when it is inserted in the paper of the document and the like.

[0019] In the specific case, the printed layer affects the central region, while the metallized layer forms two high-reflectance regions at the longitudinal edges of the supporting layer.

[0020] With this type of security element, when musing a security element that has a supporting layer 4 mm wide, it is possible to provide a central printed region of 2 mm, which in practice delimits two high-reflectance bands of 1 mm at each edge.

[0021] By inserting this security element in the document, under reflected light the user easily perceives the presence of an element whose width is defined by the printed region, i.e., by the central low-reflectance or high-opacity region.

[0022] When viewing the document against the light, instead, one has a completely different dimensional perception, since the thread appears with its full width, which is 4 mm.

[0023] By providing the printed layer on only one face, it is possible to have on one face a variation in dimensional perception under reflected light and against the light and to not see, on the opposite face, under reflected light, the presence of the ribbon, which is instead visible against the light.

[0024] The examples shown in Figs. 5 to 11 and their description do not fall under the scope of the invention.

[0025] With reference to Figures 5 and 6, it is possible, to provide a security element, generally designated by the reference numeral 10, which has a supporting layer 11 again made of plastic, of the optically transparent type, on which there is a metallized layer. 12 that is subjected centrally or in another area thereof to demetallization, so as to produce a region that can be affected by the printing 13, so that it is possible to obtain the high-reflectance region at the metallized layer that remains after demetallization and the low-reflectance region at the printed region.

[0026] In the printed region it is possible to provide characters, distinctive markings or the like 15, obtained in negative form, so that in addition to having a dimensional difference under reflected light and against the light, as in the preceding case, it is possible to have lettering revealed.

[0027] The lettering can also be provided on a continuous metallized layer, so that they are visible in reflected light, and these applications can be provided on one face or on both faces.

[0028] It should be added to the above that in order to provide banded regions or the like with the presence of metal, for example alternated with printed regions, it is possible to use various known technologies, such as selective metallization with banded selective deposition by using special-anti-adhesion oils or by means of selective masks, or to provide the longitudinal bands where printing is provided by demetallization of a preceding metallization layer that is protected in the regions where it must persist by virtue of the deposition of protective lacquers that cannot be attacked .by the acids used for demetallization.

[0029] As is evident, it is possible to perform a whole range of combinations of elements always by utilizing the adjacent arrangement of a high-reflectance region and of a low-reflectance region, thus obtaining perceptual variations between the viewing of the document that contains the security element under reflected light and against the light.

[0030] The security element described above is used fully inserted in the document.

[0031] If one uses the method of insertion by segments, it is possible to increase the security criteria by using a thread for example of the type shown in Figures 7 and 8.

[0032] In this case, the thread, generally designated by the reference numeral 20, is provided with a supporting layer 21 on which there is a high-reflectance region provided by metallized layers 21 made of various kinds of metal, on which a holographic lacquer 23 is applied. In this manner it is possible to combine the perception of the different dimensions for the portion that remains inserted in the document with a holographic viewing of the portions that remain externally.

[0033] It is optionally possible to provide, on the printed region that constitutes the low-reflectance region, designated by the reference numeral 24, characters 25 in negative form.

[0034] Advantageously, there is a protective layer 26 made of plastic, which protects the holographically treated surface.

[0035] Furthermore, the holographic surfaces, constituted for example by two bands, can be provided in mutually different manners.

[0036] It is also possible to apply to the metalized regions 22 a sequence of materials such as aluminum, magnesium sulfide and chromium, which when struck by light emit most colors between 400 and 800 nanometers in the visual spectrum while maintaining a very high degree of reflectance; in this manner it is possible to provide a security element that allows to provide a variety of elements that are easy to Interpret and can allow to identify the validity of the document In which the thread is inserted.

[0037] It should be added to the above that in order to very the color characteristics it is possible to provide a layer of fluorescent or phosphorescent or iridescent material.

[0038] For the sake of completeness in description, it should also be added that on the security element 20 there are the usual adhesive and hot-melt adhesive layers for connection and embedding, generally designated by the reference numeral 27.

[0039] According to what is shown in Figures 9 to 11, a security element, generally designated by the reference numeral 30, is provided which has a supporting layer 31 provided with metallized bands or portions 32, optionally covered by holographic lacquer 33, which are arranged extemally with respect to a low-reflectance printed region 35.

[0040] The printed region, if evaluated in a longitudinal direction, has advantageously an alternation of markings and characters 36 that are visible in negative form, with regions affected by magnetic elements 37 that are protected by a covering layer 38 on the face that lies opposite the one provided with the printed layer, which allow to provide a code that can be detected by a machine.

[0041] In this manner it is therefore possible to have, in the low-reflectance region, graphic markings that are visible in negative form and are alternated with regions where a magnetic code is provided.

[0042] With the solutions described above, which can be combined in various manners, a thread or ribbon 4 mm wide, which has from the edge a region of 1 mm of high-reflectance material and at the center a 2-mm region with low reflectance and negative letters, hason the other edge 1 mm of high-reflectance material.

[0043] In these conditions, if the bank note is viewed in reflected light, on both faces one notices the presence of a thread that is 2 mm wide; people with excellent eyesight might also detect the graphic markings or texts provided in the low-reflectance region.

[0044] By transferring the bank note or document from reflected light to backlit conditions, the dimensional difference become immediately evident, since the width changes from 2 to 4 mm and moreover the graphic markings or texts are particularly evident.

[0045] If the thread is inserted in the paper with the technique of insertion by segments, one has regions where the thread is fully inserted and regions in which the thread is on the outer face of the document

[0046] By viewing the bank note in reflected light, on the face where the thread is fully covered one notices the presence of a thread that is 2 mm wide; when the bank note is viewed on the other face, where the threads is inserted by segments, between full insertion and non-insertion, one can see a 2-mm thread when it is covered by the paper, i.e., inserted, and a 4-mm thread when it is not covered by the paper or not inserted; in these positions one can see all the effects produced by any optional holographic method or other color changing method.

[0047] By moving the bank note from reflected light to backlit condition and viewing the face in which the thread is fully inserted, one experiences a width variation from 2 to 4 mm, while by viewing the thread on the opposite face one sees an image with the same width but with an alternation of color effects in register, following the pattern of the thread, which is covered or exposed.

[0048] In the execution of the thread it is preferable to use a supporting layer with a thickness of 15 to 23 µm, on which the metallized layer, preferably aluminum, is deposited and is applied selectively or demetallized in the regions where the printed layer is provided.

[0049] The aluminum is then printed, if the hologram is present, with a holographic lacquer and conventional embossing is performed.

[0050] Then the central region is printed by virtue of a known method

[0051] It is optionally also possible to print immediately the holographic lacquer onto clear polyester, emboss it and then proceed with the step for selective metallization or demetallization by virtue of a known method; then the central region is printed as described earlier.

[0052] It is thus evident from what has been described above that the invention achieves the intended aim and objects, and in particular the fact is stressed that a security element for documents, bank notes, security paper and the like is provided which is extremely versatile and allows to provide a new kind of security document that provides a perceivable dimensional variation between reflected light and backlit conditions.

[0053] In particular, the low-reflectance region of the security element according to the present invention may comprise an ink. Preferably, the low-reflectance region comprises a non-metallic ink.

[0054] The invention can be modified in that the aluminium is printed, if the hologram is present, by a casting process instead of the embossing process.

[0055] Instead of aluminium, a noble metal, aluminium, chromium, copper, nickel or a combination thereof can be used. Preferably, the noble metal is gold.

[0056] At said low-reflectance region, graphic markings can be printed not only in negative form, but they can also be printed in positive form or in both forms so as to be perceivable against the light.

Claims

1. Document, bank note or security paper comprising:

a security element (1; 10) which comprises a continuous supporting layer (2) on which there is at least one metallized layer (3) which forms at least one high-reflectance region,

characterized in that

the metallized layer (3) is covered partially, on at least one face, with a layer of print (4) forming a central printed low-reflectance region (4), while the metallized layer forms two high reflectance regions at the longitudinal edges of the supporting layer (2), wherein

the security element (1; 10) is at least partially inserted in the document, bank note or security paper such that a different dimensional perception of the security element (1; 10) when viewed under reflected light and when viewed against the light is achieved, the security element being fully inserted internally, wherein

the supporting layer (2) is 4 mm wide, and the central printed region (4) of 2 mm delimits two high reflectance regions of 1 mm at each edge.

2. The document, bank note or security paper according to claim 1, wherein said metallized layer (3) is made of a noble metal, aluminium, chromium, copper, nickel or a combination thereof.

3. The document, bank note or security paper according to claim 2, wherein the noble metal is gold.

4. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said metallized layer (3) is subjected to an embossing or a casting process.

5. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said metallized layer (3) is made of metal alloys deposited in vacuum.

6. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element (1; 10) comprises a layer of print (4) on both faces of said metallized layer (3).

7. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element (1; 10) comprises said low-reflectance region (4) in a central region that is longitudinally flanked on both edges by a high-reflectance layer.

8. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element (1; 10) comprises, at said low-reflectance region (4), graphic markings (15; 25) printed in negative and/or positive form and perceivable against the light.

9. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element (1; 10) comprises, on said high-reflectance region, graphic markings and the like printed with low-reflectance in order to be perceivable in reflected light.

10. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said security element (1; 10) is fully inserted in said document and the like.

11. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said security element (1; 10) is inserted by segments in said document and the like.

12. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element (1; 10) comprises a holographic lacquer (23; 33) on said high-reflectance region.

13. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element (1; 10) comprises, on said metallized layer (3), materials suitable to allow the emission of various colours.

14. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said materials comprise aluminium, magnesium sulphide and chromium.

15. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element (1; 10) comprises a layer of fluorescent or phosphorescent or iridescent material.

16. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element (1; 10) comprises magnetic elements (37) in said low-reflectance region (4).

17. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said magnetic elements (37) form a code that can be detected by a machine.

18. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said magnetic elements (37) are interleaved with portions provided with negative graphic markings.

19. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said low-reflectance region (4) comprises ink and preferably non-metallic ink.

20. The document, bank note or security paper according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said low-reflectance region (4) is applied by rotogravure, screen printing, offset printing or by deposition and transfer of ribbons or lacquers.

Ansprüche

1. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier mit einem Sicherheitselement (1; 10), das eine kontinuierliche Stützschicht (2) umfasst, auf der zumindest eine metallisierte Schicht (3) bereitgestellt ist, die zumindest einen Bereich einer hohen Reflexion ausbildet,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die metallisierte Schicht (3) an zumindest einer Fläche mit einer Schicht eines Drucks (4) teilweise bedeckt ist, die einen zentralen gedruckten Bereich niedriger Reflexion (4) ausbildet, während die metallisierte Schicht zwei Bereiche hoher Reflexion an den Längskanten der Stützschicht (2) ausbildet, wobei das Sicherheitselement (1; 10) zumindest teilweise in das Dokument, die Banknote oder das Sicherheitspapier derart eingefügt ist, dass eine unterschiedliche Abmessungswahrnehmung erhalten ist, wenn es unter reflektiertem Licht betrachtet wird und wenn es gegen das Licht betrachtet wird, wobei das Sicherheitselement vollständig innen eingefügt ist,
wobei
die Stützschicht (2) 4 mm breit ist, und der zentrale gedruckte Bereich (4) von 2 mm die zwei Bereiche hoher Reflexion auf 1 mm an jeder Kante begrenzt.

2. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach Anspruch 1, wobei die metallisierte Schicht (3) aus einem Edelmetall, Aluminium, Chrom, Kupfer, Nickel oder einer Kombination daraus hergestellt ist.

3. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Edelmetall Gold ist.

4. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die metallisierte Schicht einem Präge- oder Gussprozess ausgesetzt ist.

5. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die metallisierte Schicht (3) aus Metalllegierungen hergestellt ist, die in einem Vakuum abgelagert sind.

6. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehr der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es an beiden Flächen der metallisierten Schicht (3) eine Schicht eines Drucks (4) umfasst.

7. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es den Bereich niedriger Reflexion (4) in einem Zentralbereich umfasst, der in Längsrichtung an beiden Kanten durch eine Schicht hoher Reflexion flankiert ist.

8. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehr der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es an dem Bereich niedriger Reflexion (4) grafische Markierungen (15; 25) umfasst, die in negativer und/oder positiver Form gedruckt sind und gegen das Licht wahrnehmbar sind.

9. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es an dem Bereich hoher Reflexion grafische Markierungen und Ähnliches umfasst, die mit niedriger Reflexion gedruckt sind, um in einem reflektierten Licht wahrnehmbar zu sein.

10. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sicherheitselement (1; 10) vollständig in das Dokument und Ähnliches eingefügt ist.

11. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sicherheitselement (1; 10) in Segmenten in das Dokument und Ähnliches eingefügt ist.

12. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es an dem Bereich hoher Reflexion einen holografischen Lack (23; 33) umfasst.

13. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es auf der metallisierten Schicht (3) Materialien umfasst, die geeignet sind, die Emission von verschiedenen Farben zu ermöglichen.

14. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Materialien Aluminium, Magnesiumsulfid und Chrom umfassen.

15. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Schicht eines fluoreszierenden oder phosphoreszierenden oder schillernden Materials umfasst.

16. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es in dem Bereich niedriger Reflexion (4) magnetische Elemente (37) umfasst.

17. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die magnetischen Elemente (37) einen Code ausbilden, der durch eine Maschine erfasst werden kann.

18. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die magnetischen Elemente (37) mit Abschnitten ineinander geschachtelt sind, die mit negativen grafischen Markierungen bereitgestellt sind.

19. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bereich niedriger Reflexion (4) eine Tinte und bevorzugt eine nicht metallische Tinte umfasst.

20. Dokument, Banknote oder Sicherheitspapier nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bereich niedriger Reflexion (4) durch Tiefdruck, Siebdruck, Offset-Druck oder durch Ablagerung und Übertragung von Bändern oder Lacken aufgebracht ist.

Revendications

1. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité comprenant :

un élément de sécurité (1 ; 10) qui comprend une couche de support continue (2) sur laquelle il existe au moins une couche métallisée (3) qui forme au moins une zone à haut facteur de réflexion,

caractérisé en ce que :
la couche métallisée (3) est partiellement recouverte, sur au moins une face, d'une couche d'impression (4) formant une zone centrale imprimée à faible facteur de réflexion (4), tandis que la couche métallisée forme deux zones à haut facteur de réflexion au niveau des bords longitudinaux de la couche de support (2), dans lequel :
l'élément de sécurité (1 ; 10) est au moins partiellement inséré dans le document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité, de manière à obtenir une perception dimensionnelle différente de l'élément de sécurité (1 ; 10) lorsqu'on regarde sous une lumière réfléchie, et lorsqu'on regarde à contre-jour, l'élément de sécurité étant entièrement inséré à l'intérieur,

dans lequel :
la couche de support (2) a 4 mm de large, et la zone centrale imprimée (4) de 2 mm délimite deux zones à haut facteur de réflexion de 1 mm au niveau de chaque bord.

2. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite couche métallisée (3) est réalisée en un métal noble, aluminium, chrome, cuivre, nickel ou en une combinaison de ceux-ci.

3. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le métal noble est l'or.

4. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite couche métallisée (3) est soumise à un processus de gaufrage ou de coulée.

5. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite couche métallisée (3) est réalisée en alliages métalliques déposés sous vide.

6. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité, selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (1 ; 10) comprend une couche d'impression (4) sur les deux faces de ladite couche métallisée (3).

7. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (1 ; 10) comprend ladite zone à faible facteur de réflexion (4) dans une zone centrale qui est longitudinalement flanquée sur les deux bords par une couche à haut facteur de réflexion.

8. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (1 ; 10) comprend, au niveau de ladite zone à faible facteur de réflexion (4), des marquages graphiques (15 ; 25) imprimés en négatif et/ou en positif et perceptibles à contre-jour.

9. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (1 ; 10) comprend, sur ladite zone à haut facteur de réflexion, des marquages graphiques et d'autres analogues imprimés avec un faible facteur de réflexion afin d'être perceptibles dans une lumière réfléchie.

10. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément de sécurité (1 ; 10) est entièrement inséré dans ledit document et autres analogues.

11. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément de sécurité (1 ; 10) est inséré par segments dans ledit document et autres analogues.

12. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (1 ; 10) comprend une laque holographique (23 ; 33) sur ladite zone à haut facteur de réflexion.

13. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (1 ; 10) comprend, sur ladite couche métallisée (3), des matériaux appropriés pour permettre l'émission de différentes couleurs.

14. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits matériaux comprennent de l'aluminium, du sulfure de magnésium et du chrome.

15. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (1 ; 10) comprend une couche de matériau fluorescent ou phosphorescent ou iridescent.

16. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (1 ; 10) comprend des éléments magnétiques (37) dans ladite zone à faible facteur de réflexion (4).

17. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments magnétiques (37) forment un code qui peut être détecté par une machine.

18. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments magnétiques (37) sont entrelacés avec des parties munies de marquages graphiques négatifs.

19. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite zone à faible facteur de réflexion (4) comprend de l'encre et de préférence de l'encre non métallique.

20. Document, billet de banque ou papier de sécurité selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite zone à faible facteur de réflexion (4) est appliquée par rotogravure, sérigraphie, impression offset ou par dépôt et transfert de rubans ou de laques.

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