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(11) | EP 1 528 234 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | Eight-stroke internal combustion engine utilizing a slave cylinder |
| (57) By the utilizing of a slave cylinder (16) working in coordination with a master cylinder
(14), the slave cylinder receives expended atmospheric air and receives hot, partially
un-burnt exhaust gases from the master cylinder to create a second power-stroke in
the slave cylinder. With the two coordinating cylinders, the entire working process
is from 0 to 810 degrees of revolution crankshaft. The master cylinder cycles work
from 0 to 720 degrees of revolution and slave cylinder cycles work from 90 to 810
degrees of revolution. The master cylinder begins to intake air and fuel at 0 degree
of revolution and slave cylinder begins to intake air at 90 degrees of revolution.
There is an angle of 60-120 degrees differences between master and slave cylinder,
where the slave cylinder is trailing the master. |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the invention
[0001] The present invention is related to an eight-stroke internal combustion engine, which may be used in most any application of present uses of internal combustion engines, such as a transportation vehicle. More specifically this invention relates to an eight-stroke reciprocating piston driven internal combustion engine utilizing a slave cylinder working in cooperation with a master cylinder.
2. Description of the Prior Art
[0002] There are two main types of piston driven reciprocal internal combustion engines, they are the spark ignition engines, and the auto-ignition engines, also called diesel engines.
[0003] These piston driven reciprocal engines, for the most part, use either a two-stroke cycle or more commonly, a four-stroke cycle. The main parts of these engines are; a cylinder containing a piston with a reciprocal movement which is converted into a rotational movement by means of a connecting rod and a crankshaft, and a cylinder head consisting of at least two valves, one exhaust valve and one intake valve. The four stroke or four cycle engine begins by the piston drawing an atomized air-fuel mixture into the cylinder through the intake valve on the first down stroke, the first cycle; then with the valves closed the mixed gases are compressed on the first up stroke, the second cycle; and at or near the top of the first up stroke, the compressed mixture of air and fuel ignites, by either a spark or by auto-ignition, and the mixture, or most of the gas mixture, combusts to produce a second downward stroke the third cycle, which is the power stroke; the second upward stroke, the fourth cycle, pushes the burnt gas mixture and the remaining un-burned gas mixture out of an open exhaust valve to complete the fourth cycle where the rotary or centrifugal motion created by the process is carried by the flywheel for the cycles to continue until either the fuel is shut off or the spark is discontinued.
[0004] The efficiency of the energy produced depends, among other variables, on the amount of air-fuel mixture drawn or forced into the cylinder and the compression volume ratio. The higher the compression volume ratio, the higher the efficiency. The compression volume ratio is limited, in the case of the gasoline engine, by the risk of premature ignition of the mixture and in the case of the diesel engine among other variables, by a sturdy and appropriate combustion chamber.
[0005] It is well known that four-cycle and other multi-cycle internal combustion engines produce exhaust gases that contain un-used energy in the form of un-burnt gasses. Many different approaches have been used to both try to capture the un-used energy within these unburned gases and to try to reduce atmospheric emissions caused by inefficient combustion.
[0006] Inventor is aware of United States Patent 4,917,054 issued to Schmitz on April 17, 1990, "Six-stroke internal combustion engine". This is a reciprocating pistons engine, wherein six strokes used, they are the admission of air, the first compression accompanied or followed by a possible cooling, a second compression followed by a combustion, the first expansion producing a usable work, the second expansion producing usable work and finally the discharge of the combustion gases.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] It is therefore an object of the present invention is to produce an eight-stroke reciprocating piston internal combustion engine with increased fuel efficiency.
[0008] Another object of the present invention, is to produce an eight-stroke reciprocating piston internal combustion engine which is less polluting.
[0009] By the use of a slave cylinder working in coordination with a master cylinder, the slave cylinder both receives cool atmospheric air and receives hot combustion gases from the master cylinder to create a second power-stroke in the slave cylinder. The increased compression ratio of air in the slave cylinder, allows compressed air to be injected into the master cylinder as the master cylinder is in the later half of it's power stroke, this causes a re-burn of the combustion gasses in the master cylinder. This secondary combustion is transferred from the master cylinder, through the coordinate valve to the slave cylinder to produce a second power stroke within the slave cylinder.
[0010] The lower temperature in the slave cylinder makes it possible, by heat transfer, to substantially take full advantage of the heat energy created in the master cylinder.
[0011] With the two coordinating cylinders, the master cylinder and the slave cylinder, there are eight working cycles or strokes, each within 90° of crankshaft revolution of each other. The entire working process is from 0° to 810° of revolution crankshaft. The master cylinder cycles work from 0° to 720° of revolution and slave cylinder cycles work from 90° to 810° of revolution. The master cylinder begins to intake air and fuel at 0 degree of revolution and slave cylinder begins to intake air at 90° of revolution.
[0012] In a conventional internal combustion engine, the engine metal will absorb the heat energy produced by combustion, and the cylinder will be cooled down by the cooling system. Resulting in wasted heat energy. The eight-stroke piston engine uses cold air in the slave cylinder to combine with the "wasted" heat energy to produce power as when the cool air combines with the heat energy and un-burnt gases, the cool air inside the slave cylinder will expand. Therefore, the expanded air will continue the power cycle within the master cylinder by combusting most of the remaining un-burnt gases and as the master cylinder exhaust, it also produces a second power cycle within the slave cylinder without a spark.
[0013] The heat energy and un-burnt gases from the master cylinder will combine with the cool air in the slave cylinder. This will reduce the temperature in the master cylinder lowering the chance of pre-ignition detonation, thus allowing higher compression ratios and will also result in higher thermal efficiency, as the cooler slave cylinder air absorbs the heat energy and the engine metal will absorb less heat.
[0014] Therefore, the embodiment of this invention is an internal combustion engine composed essentially of at least one pair of compressing cylinders. It is plausible that the master cylinder and the slave cylinder could be substantially more or substantially less than 90° off rotation of each other. For ease of explaining this invention the cylinders are discussed herein working 90° off rotation of each other. As well it is also plausible that the slave cylinder could potentially use a third valve giving more control to the coordinate valve port if required. It is also plausible, the displacement of the master cylinder and slave cylinder could be different. As well, the duration of the valve timing may be varied depending on the application requirements and variables in the engine tuning dynamics.
[0015] In theory, the principle of this eight-stroke internal combustion engine can be applied to both the spark ignition engine and the auto-ignition or diesel engine, and the invention could plausibly use a spark in the slave cylinder if so desired.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] The drawings disclose the illustrative embodiments of the present invention which serves to exemplify the various advantages and objects hereof, and are as follows:
FIG. 1 shows the master cylinder intake, stroke #1, at beginning of the stroke and the slave cylinder is in the middle of its exhaust, stroke #8.
FIG. 2 shows the master cylinder intake, stroke #1, at the middle of the stroke and the slave cylinder is finishing its exhaust, stroke #8.
FIG. 3 shows the master cylinder compression, stroke #3, at the beginning of the stroke and the slave cylinder is in the middle of intake, stroke #2.
FIG. 4 shows master cylinder compression, stroke #3, at the middle of the stroke and the slave cylinder is in the end of intake, stroke #2.
FIG. 5 shows master cylinder ignition, stroke #5, at the beginning of the power stroke and the slave cylinder is in the middle of compression, stroke #4.
FIG. 6 shows master cylinder combustion, stroke #5, at the middle of the power stroke and the slave cylinder is at the top of compression, stroke #4.
FIG. 7 shows master cylinder exhaust, stroke #7, at the beginning of the exhaust stroke and the slave cylinder is in the middle of the power stroke, stroke #6.
FIG. 8 shows master cylinder exhaust, stroke #7, at the middle of the exhaust stroke and the slave cylinder is at the end of the power stroke, stroke #6.
FIG. 9 shows the eight-engine working cycles.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0017] The eight-stroke internal combustion engine is generally referred to as 10, it is shown in a cutaway sectional elevation view, where engine 10 comprises a cylinder block 12, and within block 12, there is a master cylinder bore 14 and a slave cylinder bore 16.
[0018] The master cylinder 14 contains a piston 18 which is slidable movable by connecting rod assembly 20, rod 20 is rotationally supported by crankshaft 22, where crankshaft 22 is rotationally supported by cylinder block 12. Slave cylinder bore 16 contains a piston 24 which is slidable movable by connecting rod assembly 26, rod 26 is also rotationally supported by crankshaft 22.
[0019] Fixed atop cylinder block 12 is a cylinder head 28. Above master cylinder 14, cylinder head 28 includes a spark plug 30, an intake valve 32 and a coordinate valve 34. Above slave cylinder 16, cylinder head 22 includes an open port 36 to coordinate valve 34, an intake valve 38 and an exhaust valve 40.
[0020] As seen in FIG. 1, intake stroke, stroke #1, is at the beginning (0°) of the crankshaft 22 rotation cycle. During rotation, master cylinder 14 intakes air and fuel (A/F) through the master cylinder intake valve 32. At this rotational position the slave cylinder piston 24, is in the middle of its exhaust stroke, stroke #8.
[0021] As seen in FIG. 2, intake, stroke #1, is at the middle (90°) of rotation, where the master cylinder 14 intakes A/F through the master cylinder intake valve 32 and slave cylinder 16 is finishing its exhaust stroke, stroke #8 (810° of its cycle rotation completion, or the beginning of a new cycle of rotation).
[0022] As seen in FIG. 3 the master cylinder 14 compression, stroke #3, at the beginning of the stroke (180° of its cycle rotation), where the master cylinder 14 begins compresses A/F and the slave cylinder piston 24 is in the middle of intake, stroke #2, induction of Air only.
[0023] As seen in FIG. 4 master cylinder 14 compression stroke #3, at the middle of the stroke (270° of its cycle rotation), where the master cylinder piston 18 continues compression of A/F and the slave cylinder 16 is in the end of intake, stroke #2.
[0024] As seen in FIG. 5 shows master cylinder 14, upon sparkplug 30 ignition, stroke #5, at the beginning of the power stroke (360° of cycle rotation), where the master cylinder 14 begins combustion of A/F and the slave cylinder piston 24 is in the middle of compression, stroke #4, where the slave cylinder compresses Air only.
[0025] As seen in FIG. 6 master cylinder combustion, stroke #5, at the middle of the power stroke (450° of cycle rotation), where the master cylinder's coordinate valve 34 is already opening (the air from slave cylinder is pushed into master cylinder at about 420 degrees, close to the end of Stroke #4) and the slave cylinder piston 28 is at the top of compression, stroke #4 where the slave cylinder's compressed Air is mixed with combustion gases in master cylinder 14.
[0026] As seen in FIG. 7 master cylinder 14 exhaust, stroke #7, at the beginning of the exhaust stroke (540° of cycle rotation), where the master cylinder 14 begins to exhaust combustion gases through the coordinate valve and the slave cylinder piston 28 is in the middle of the power stroke, stroke #6, where the slave cylinder 16 continues power stroke as the gases expand and are re-burned within both master cylinder 14 as it exhausts through coordinate valve and into slave cylinder 16 as slave cylinder piston 28 continues its power stroke.
[0027] As seen in FIG. 8 where in master cylinder 14, the master cylinder piston 18 is at the middle of the exhaust stroke, stroke #7, (630° of cycle rotation), where the master cylinder piston 18 continues to exhaust combustion gases through the coordinate valve 34 and the slave cylinder 14 is at the end of the power stroke, stroke #6, where the slave cylinder continues to accept the combustion gases from the master cylinder through coordinate valve 34 until coordinate valve 34 closes before the next intake cycle begins.
[0029] Many changes and modifications in the above described embodiments of the invention can, of course be carried out without departing from the scope thereof. Accordingly, to promote the progress in science and the useful arts, the invention is disclosed and is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
1. An multi-cycle, reciprocating piston-type internal combustion engine comprising; at
least one master cylinder 14 which includes a reciprocating piston being connected
to a crankshaft 22, and at least one slave cylinder 16 which includes a reciprocating
piston being connected to said crankshaft 22; and an overhead valve 32 means for,
admission of gases of air and fuel mixture to said master cylinder 14 and admission
of air only to said slave cylinder 16 and discharge of exhaust gases from said slave
cylinder 16; wherein the engine 10 comprises at least two cylinders 16 disposed to
form a pair, one said master cylinder 14 adjacent the other said slave cylinder 16,
with a coordinate means, for coordinating gases between said master cylinder 14 and
adjacent said slave cylinder 16.
2. An internal combustion engine of claim 1, where said coordinating means for coordinating
exchange of gases between said master cylinder 14 and said slave cylinder 16, is a
coordinate valve 34 means at said master cylinder 14 side, where said valve means
includes; a passage port 36 means of sufficient size to permit gases there through
between said slave cylinder 16 and said master cylinder 14, and for channeling gases
through said valve from said master cylinder 14 to said slave cylinder 16.
3. An internal combustion engine according to claim 2, in which said coordinate valve
34 means starts open at approximately 420 degrees of cycle revolution, where the slave
cylinder's compressed air can begin to flow into said master cylinder 14. When engine
10 rotation is at approximately 450 degrees of cycle revolution, all said compressed
air in said slave cylinder 16 will come into said master cylinder 14.
4. An internal combustion engine of claim 3, where said compressed air from said slave
cylinder 16 will combine with heat energy 10 from said master cylinder 14 in said
slave cylinder 16 to produce a second power cycle through said coordinate valve 34
without addition of fuel.
5. An internal combustion engine according to claim 4, where said master cylinder 18
and said slave cylinder 16 are operating 60 degrees to 120 degrees apart, with said
slave cylinder 16 trailing said master cylinder 14.
6. An internal combustion engine as claimed in 1 to 5, wherein said the coordinate valve
34 also included one in said slave cylinder 16 which also includes a spark plug 30;
also, a valve permitting out-flow air in said master cylinder 14.
7. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1 to 5, wherein said master cylinder
14 and said slave cylinder are disposed along a line, adjacent the crankshaft 22 to
which they are connected.
8. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1 to 5, wherein said master cylinder
14 and said slave cylinder 16 are disposed in a V cylinder configuration, adjacent
the crankshaft 22 to which they are connected.
9. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1 to 5, comprised of multiples pairs
of said master cylinder 14 and said slave cylinder 16.
10. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1 to 5, wherein said engine 10 is
an engine 10 of a type charged intake.