[0001] The invention relates to fuel-producing industry, in particular to oil and gas industry
and can be used for artificially forming of a hydrocarbon fuel from dry black earth,
black chales and dark grey marls formed as bottom sand-chalk sediments and which are
organic-free.
[0002] It is known that during of millions of years the Earth surface placed above the sea
level can be sunken at depths of many kilometres underneath the surface or raised
up forming mountains due to tectonic Earth forces. If the Earth surface placed above
sea surface has collected many organic materials and then has sunken at great depths,
the organic materials, which are contained in rocks up to 30%, under the influence
of many natural factors are transformed in oil and gases [1-3]. At the initial stage
of the natural formation of hydrocarbon fuel from organic material, e.g. from the
pressure at a depth of 2800 m, when some conditions for an independent natural process
are missing (e.g. impermeability), people try to create these conditions due to a
purposeful search of impermeable areas and then artificially form hydrocarbon fuel
due to injection of a compound medium into the formation zone, thereby initiating
the beginning of the chemical reaction of fuel formation [1,2].
[0003] A disadvantage of this method of the artificial hydrocarbon fuel formation is that
this method is based on the reserves of organic materials already concentrated and
collected in bitumized clays and sands, shale oils and bogenites. These rocks are
placed at great depths and are as if prepared by nature for the hydrocarbon fuel formation.
People only accelerate the natural process of hydrocarbon fuel delivery. Moreover,
this method requires natural underground sealed depots for the fuel to be formed,
which are not enough presented in the nature for fuel formation from organic materials.
People have not yet learned to form the underground sealed depots for the artificial
formed hydrocarbon fuel obtained from the organic materials [2].
[0004] The object of the proposed invention is to provide the humanity with another method
for formation of artificial hydrocarbon fuel, wherein this method is based not on
the already formed organic materials with high hydrocarbons content in a rock, but
on other natural phenomena of the planet Earth of transformation of inorganic compounds
into organic ones. It is known that the sun by its radiation continuously supplies
the Earth with energy at a rate of 1,36 kW/m
2 in high layers of the atmosphere, that amounts to 175 trillion kW on the Earth projection.
According to Coulon's law a charge of one solid, e.g. the sun, exerts influence on
a charge of another solid, e.g. the Earth, with a force in direct proportion to the
quantity of their charges. In order to provide the Earth with its electric charge,
the nature has taken care of that the most part of the radiation and heat energy is
transformed by the sand, more specifically by the complex compound of silicon dioxide
and metal oxides, thereby the latter fulfils have the function of electron donors
and provide for the transformation of the radiation and heat energy of the sun into
electricity. The main metal in such transformation is iron. According to the last
update of the US Geology Service the percentage of iron with respect to the whole
Earth crust mass amounts to 5,8%. The complex compound of silicium is the ordinary
sand which is red-coloured in case of a small contents of iron and has dark-red clay
colour in case of a percentage amounting to 15-20%. Iron is an obligatory element
on the planet Earth according to the law of the Universe for interconnection of planets
with each other. On the very surface of the earth and in an area containing a lot
of oxygen, e.g. in the moist sand, iron is chemically stable only in the form of iron
(III). It is contained in such minerals as magnetite Fe
3O
4, haematite Fe
2O
3, brown iron-ore - limonite 2Fe
2O
3 • 3H
2O. Part of the sun radiation energy at a power rate of 175 trill. kW is transformed
into gelioelectricity and goes into the superconductivity Moho-layer situated at a
depth of 24-45 km underneath the surface between the Earth mantle and the Earth crust.
Moving ahead on layers of the Earth rocks this electricity creates the effect of a
linear electric motor. Due to this effect the whole crust of the Earth is splitted
into tectonic plates having different speeds of movement, and thus, the Earth crust
is continuously moving in horizontal and vertical directions invisibly for a human
eye. So, rock profiles in a well at a depth of 1000 m underneath the surface. It is
said that the ground surface in the valley of the river Pripjat (Republic of Byelorussia)
has raised and sunken with respect to the sea level 27 times during the last extended
period of time. During a regular ground surface sinking iron (III), which was placed
in sand on the Earth surface in a high oxygen percentage zone, has been moved to a
zone, in which the oxygen percentage is decreasing. Since above it a sea had appeared
and this sea has formed chalk sediments which are good sealing materials against moisture
penetration into the lower layers, where sands with iron (III) are located now. In
such a zone with the reduced oxygen percentage minerals containing iron (III) are
transformed in iron (II) [3, page 117] - FeCO
3; FeO; FeS etc., where siderite FeCO
3 of the white colour is placed in dolomites, marls, and FeO has the black colour and
paints everything and dry earth in black. The grade of blackness of the bottom sediments
characterizes the degree of iron (II) - FeO saturation. All bottom sediments comprising
dolomite, marl, argelite, dry black earth are basically carbonate and silica sediments
with different percentages of these elements depending on the rock name. If in a zone
with a low oxygen percentage and containing iron (II) a medium with a high oxygen
percentage, i.e. the water, is injected, a transformation from iron (III) to iron
(II) will begin. Bottom sediments consist of some said sediments and comprise different
chemical elements. If water is supplied into such environment, different chemical
reactions will occur in many directions, thereby forming small quantities of gases.
This is confirmed by the analysis of gas samples taken in a shaft in a zone of black
dry earth. The main chemical element taking part in this difficult reaction is iron
(II) delivering the fuel. The main reaction in which iron (II) takes part happens
according to the following formula in the molecular form:
[0005] In an aqueous medium in which iron (II) takes part, occurs a carbon reduction process
from CO
32 and hydrogen reduction process from H
2O to hydrocarbons. Thereby, released oxygen reacts with iron (II) and produces iron
(III). For the producion of one mole of CH
4 only 3 moles of H
2O are expended, and 12 moles of H
2O are part of limonite (4Fe
2O
3 • 3H
2O). The final stage of the hydrocarbon fuel formation on the ion level is:
[0006] As end products not only CH
4 but also a wide scale of hydrocarbons can be produced.
[0007] The set aim when forming artificial hydrocarbon fuel form organic-free dry black
earth, black chales and dark grey marls in places of their deposition with an average
statistical percentage of iron of 5,8% is achieved by supply of calculated water quantity
into the deposition beds of these rocks and depending on the features of geological
deposition beds the method of formation of artificial hydrocarbon fuel has technological
distinctions. Thus, if underneath the water-bearing sand bed of the upper layer of
the ground surface a chalk bed is located having good sealing properties, and if underneath
this bed a sandstone bed is located cemented by carbonates and iron and these are
not damaged by the tectonic forces, then chalk and cemented sandstone practically
fully separate the water-bearing bed from the laminated sediments, which is confirmed
by the presence of iron (II) in sediments and by the experience in the extraction
of potassium ores in the zone of these beds. This bed will hold the gases and allow
to direct the gas to the desired direction for its collection. The method of formation
of artificially hydrocarbon fuel on the bottom sediment of the valley of the river
Pripjat is presented on Fig.1 as an example with a well having a depth of 1000 m.
Underneath a sand bed 1 a chalk bed 2 and a sandstone bed 3 is placed cemented by
carbonates and iron. Further placed are multibed sediments of dolomite, marl, black
chales and black dry earth 4. Salt sediments 5 alternate with bottom sediments 6.
In order to receive the fuel by a pump 7, water is injected through the borehole 8
in a bed and is distributed by a wash-out device 9 in the bed to the well intended
for release of gases 10 through a collecting device 11. A receiving device 12 receives
the gases. The gases will enter the receiving device 11 as the salt bed is not damaged
by the tectonic forces and, therefore, is sealed against losses. During the transformation
of iron (III) into iron (II) a partially intermediate transformation state is formed
in form of ferriferous gels of different colours is formed. The gels do not require
great volumes in the bed. After the completion of the transformation the gels will
dry out and the rock layer will have micro pores between the layers, which assists
water to penetrate into the layer. To form the fuel is not only possible by pumping
the water through the bed by means of a central well 8 and periphery wells 10 for
gas collection, but also by means of a single well 13. Water is injected in the well
13 by a pump 14 up to the determinated pressure value and then the injection is stopped.
When the pressure exceeds the planned rate of the iron transformation reaction, a
safety valve will be opened and the gas will exit in the receiving device 12. Such
cycles are repeated periodically. As a sealing material preventing the free and uncontrolled
exit of the gas to the ground surface, which are formed in the bottom sediments placed
in the upper salt beds, cemented sandstone 3 and chalk sediments 2 can be used. If
the chalk sealing bed 2, the sandstone 3 and the salt beds are damaged by tectonic
forces and earthquakes and the lower bottom sediments contain a lot of iron (II),
the gases forming by the water injection can be collected due to the placing of a
film cover below the productive layer (Fig. I-I).
[0008] Since the volume of the expected gases is calculated in dependency on the iron (II)
percentage in the rock and on the bed thickness, the whole ground surface of the collecting
place can be sealed by placing a sealing material 16 on the plane ground surface during
the collection time. Tectonic forces of the Earth can sink the bottom sediments with
iron (II) not only to a depth of 1 to 2 km., but also to a depth of 5 to 7 km. The
technology of the formation of artificially hydrocarbon fuel in such depths is the
same.
Bibliographic data.
[0009] 1. Nesterov I.I., "Artificial formation of oil and gas deposits"; Vestnik RAN, 1994,
vol. 64, No. 2, pages 115-127, Prototype.
[0010] 2. Nesterov I.I., "Oil of black shales"; Oil and gas 97/5, pages 46-52. Prototype.
[0011] 3. Skinner B.; "Are the resources of the Earth enough for the mankind?", "Mir", 1989.
