ATBECHDEDKESFRGBGRITLILUNLSEMCPTIESILT..FIRO..CY..TRBGCZEEHUPLSK....IS..............................*JDIM360 Ver 2.15 (14 Jul 2008) - 2999001/01737620CORRECTED EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATIONB9B120121003W1deAnsprüche ENenClaims ENfrRevendications ENEP05725336.1200503112006100520080912enenen79924120040312US2012100320124020070103200701201205232012212011120720121003201240B25B 23/142 20060101AFI20051004BHEP B25B 15/02 20060101ALI20051004BHEP deDREHMOMENTBEGRENZUNGSGRIFFenTORQUE LIMITING HANDLEfrPOIGNEE SERVANT A LIMITER LE COUPLEDE-A1- 4 022 763DE-U1- 8 204 454BONDHUS, John7736 Aladdin Avenue NWBuffalo, Minnesota 55313USPETROSKE, Mark12076 165th Avenue SEBecker, Minnesota 55308USBondhus Corporation100089872M 2615 EP1400 East Broadway, P.O. Box 660Monticello, MN 55362USVossius & Partner100751388Siebertstrasse 481675 MünchenDEATBEBGCHCYCZDEDKEEESFIFRGBGRHUIEISITLILTLUMCNLPLPTROSESISKTRUS200500811320050311enWO20050900062005092920053920070103200701 Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a torque limiting tool that uses a longitudinal biasing force to bias interface member radially outward against an inner surface of an outer handle.

Background of the Invention

There are many situations where systems, mechanisms, or devices are assembled at a point of delivery where it is disadvantageous to attach a nut, bolt, or other fastener with too much or too little torque. One solution to this problem is to provide a torque wrench or similar device that is calibrated to apply a pre-determined amount of torque to such a fastener. When the pre-determined amount of torque is applied, the torque wrench slips and the fastener is no longer turned, thereby preventing damage to the fastener or the objects secured by the fastener.

Such torque wrenches are well known in the art. However, many existing torque wrenches require a large number of components, including compression springs and complex drive mechanisms, which must be manufactured from wear resistant metals to deal with high forces. Furthermore, such torque wrenches are frequently bulky because of the large number of components and the manner in which they are positioned inside of the wrench handle.

DE 82 04 454 U1 discloses a self-releasing torque wrench with a spring-loaded coupling mechanism. Balls are mounted in a cage and are stressed radially outwards centrally by an axially running tension spring. The balls form an interface with a surface of a bushing. The location where the balls contact the surface is substantially a point contact, with minimal surface area.

US 3 272 036 discloses a torque limiting wrench with two complementary coaxial rotatable members mounted for rotation relative to one another. Torque is transferred from a ratchet to a drive plug via intermediate elongated rollers.

Brief Summary of the Invention

The present invention is directed to an torque wrench with a reduced number of components, resulting in less complexity and lower cost. The present torque wrench distributes the forces across larger surface areas than a conventional torque wrench, resulting in a reduced need for wear resistant and higher cost materials, such as metals. Low cost materials, such a plastics, can be substituted.

The torque limiting tool includes an inner handle having a tool coupling portion, a biasing assembly aperture, and at least one radially oriented slot. At least one interface member is located in the radially oriented slot. The interface member comprises an elongated surface generally oriented along a longitudinal axis of the tool. A biasing assembly is located in the biasing assembly aperture that provides a longitudinal biasing force that biases the interface member radially outward. An outer handle having an inner surface limits radial displacement of the interface member.

The tool coupling portion can be a tool receiving aperture extending along the longitudinal axis of the inner handle or an outer surface of the inner handle. A plurality of tools are preferably provided that releasably engage with the tool coupling portion.

The biasing assembly aperture is typically connected to the radially oriented slot. The proximal end of the biasing assembly aperture preferably includes a threaded portion. The radially oriented slots preferably include at least one angled surface. The interface member preferably includes at least one surface oriented toward the biasing assembly aperture at an acute angle with respect to the longitudinal axis.

The elongated surface of the interface member is generally flush with the outer surface of the inner handle when the longitudinal biasing force is removed. The biasing force displaces the elongated surface of the interface member above the outer surface of the inner handle. The elongated surface is at least about 12.7 mm (0.5 inches) long, and more preferably at least 25.4 mm (1.0 inches) long. The elongated surface can be curvilinear, planar, or a variety of other shapes.

The longitudinal biasing force is typically provided by a spring. The longitudinal biasing force is preferably adjustable.

In one embodiment, the biasing assembly includes a biasing member with a leading edge engaged with the interface member. A retainer engages with the proximal end of the inner handle. A spring is compressively interposed between the biasing member and the retainer. The leading edge of the biasing member preferably form an acute angled with respect to the longitudinal axis. The biasing member is preferably slidably engaged with the biasing assembly aperture. In one embodiment, the retainer is threadably engaged with a proximal end of the inner handle so that the location of the retainer relative to a proximal end of the inner handles is adjustable.

The inner surface of the outer handle can include a variety of structures, such as detents. Alternatively, the inner surface can be curvilinear, smooth, symmetrical or asymmetrical, regular or irregular, etc.

In operation, the interface member is displaced radially inward when a torque applied to the tool coupling portion exceeds a threshold value. The inner handle rotates within the outer handle when a torque applied to the tool coupling portion exceeds a threshold value. The rotation of the inner handle relative to the outer handle can be uni-directional or bi-directional.

When a torque is applied to the inner handle in a first direction that exceeds a threshold value, the inner handle rotates in the first direction within the outer handle. When a torque is applied to the inner handle in a second direction that exceeds the threshold value, the inner handle does not substantially rotate within the outer handle. The inner handle, interface members, and outer handle can be made of metal, ceramic, polymeric materials, a composite, or combinations thereof.

The present invention is also directed to a method of limiting torque transmission. A longitudinal biasing force is generated along a longitudinal axis of an inner handle. The longitudinal biasing force is coupled to one or more interface members. The longitudinal biasing force biases a longitudinally oriented elongated surface on the interface members radially outward. The radial movement of the interface members is restrained by an outer handle surrounding at least a portion of the inner handle. The inner handle is permitted to rotate relative to the outer handle when a torque applied to the inner handle exceeds a threshold level.

The method includes coupling one of a plurality of tools to the inner handle. The longitudinal biasing force can also be adjusted. The elongated surface is displaced above an outer surface of the inner handle. The interface member is displaced radially inward when a torque applied to the inner handle exceeds a threshold value. The inner handle is rotated within the outer handle when a torque applied to the inner handle exceeds a threshold value. The rotation of the inner handle relative to the outer handle can be uni-directional or bi-directional.

In one embodiment, the method includes applying a torque to the inner handle in a first direction that exceeds a threshold value so that the inner handle rotates within the outer handle in the first direction. When torque is applied to the inner handle in a second direction that exceeds the threshold value, however, the inner handle does not substantially rotate in the second direction within the outer handle.

Brief Description of the Several Views of the Drawing

Detailed Description of the Invention

Figure 1 illustrates an inner handle 20 for a torque limiting tool (see e.g., Figures 15,23,24) in accordance with the present invention. The inner handle 20 includes a proximal end 22 and a distal end 24. The distal end 24 of the inner handle 20 includes a tool coupling portion 25. In the illustrated embodiment, the tool coupling portion 25 comprises a receiving aperture 26 that extends along longitudinal axis 28. The tool receiving aperture 26 is designed to releasably engage with a variety of tools 80, such as illustrated in Figure 15. Alternatively, the tools 80 couple with the outer surface 216 of inner handle 202 (see, e.g., Figure 24).

The distal end 24 can be tapered as shown in Figures 1 and 2. Alternatively, the distal end 24 can be straight or a variety of other symmetrical or asymmetrical shapes. A variety of tools 80 can be coupled to the tool coupling portion, such as for example Philips head screwdrivers, flathead screwdrivers, wrenches, socket wrenches or any number of alternative tools.

The inner handle 20 includes a biasing assembly aperture 30 located at or near the proximal end 22. The proximal end 22 of the biasing assembly aperture 30 preferably includes threaded portion 36. Alternatively, the threaded portion 36 can be located on the outer surface 34 of the inner handle 20. In another embodiment, the tool coupling portion 25 and the biasing assembly aperture 30 can both be located at the proximal end 22, or the distal end 24, of the inner handle 20.

At least one radially oriented slot 32 is located between biasing assembly aperture 30 and distal end 24 of inner handle 20. In the illustrated embodiment, inner handle 20 includes four slots 32. In the embodiment of Figure 1, the biasing assembly aperture 30 extends into the radially oriented slots 32. In an alternative embodiment, a spacer or other structure is inserted between biasing assembly aperture 30 and slots 32.

The slots 32 preferably include angled surface 38 oriented toward at least the biasing assembly aperture 30. In the illustrated embodiment, the slots 32 include angled surfaces 38 at both ends. Alternatively, the slots 32 can be formed without angled surfaces, such as illustrated in Figure 16.

Figures 3 through 8 illustrate one embodiment of a interface member 40 in accordance with the present invention. As illustrated in Figures 3 through 4, the interface member 40 includes an elongated surface 42 at a distal end and a proximal end 43. When located in a radially oriented slot 32, the elongated surface 42 is oriented generally parallel with the longitudinal axis 28. In one embodiment, the interface members 40 are sized so that the elongated surfaces 42 is flush with the outer surface 34 of the inner handle 20.

As will be discussed in connection with Figure 15, the elongated surface 42 is configured to engage with an inner surface 50 of outer handle 46. In the present invention, the elongated surface 42 transmits torque from the outer handle 46 to the inner handle 20, and hence, to the tool 80. By increasing the surface area of the elongated surface 42, higher torque can be transmitted. Alternatively, lower cost materials, such as plastics, can be used to construct the interface elements 40 and handles 20, 46 of the present invention. The elongated surface 42 preferably has a length "L" of at least 12.7 mm (0.5 inches), more preferably 25.4 mm (1.0 inch), and most preferably at least 1.25 inches. The width "W" is typically less than the length "L".

The interface members 40 are generally wedge-shaped as shown on Figures 3 through 8. In the illustrated embodiment, the interface members 40 include at least one side surface 44 that forms an acute angle with respect to the longitudinal axis 28 when inserted in the radially oriented slot 32. The surface 44 is oriented toward the biasing assembly aperture 30 to engage with the biasing assembly 60 (see Figure 15). In another embodiment, the interface member 40 can be rectangular (see Figure 16), or a variety of other shapes.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the cross-section of the elongated surface 42 has a generally arcuate shape. Alternatively, the cross-section of the elongated surface 42' can be curvilinear shape (see Figure 7), planar 42"(see Figure 8), or a variety of other shapes.

Figures 9 through 13 illustrate various views of one embodiment of the outer handle 46 in accordance with the present invention. Outer surface 48 of the outer handle 46 preferably includes a plurality of grooves or flat portions 54 that facilitate gripping. The outer surface 48 can also have a slightly course or pebbled finish to provide a non-slip surface. Alternatively, outer surface 48 can be smooth.

The outer handle 46 includes a primary opening 52 that is sized to receive the inner handle 20. Inner surface 53 of the outer handle 46 is preferably smooth. Inner surface 50 of the outer handle 46, however, preferably includes a structure 56 configured to engage with the elongated surface 42 of the interface member 40. In the illustrated embodiment, the structure 56 of the inner surface 50 is curvilinear with peaks 56A and valleys 56B. The peaks 56A and valleys 56B can be regular or irregular in shape and/or spacing, symmetrical or asymmetrical, etc. In another embodiment, the structure 56 comprises a plurality of detents. In an alternate embodiment, the inner surface 50' can be smooth, such as illustrated in Figure 14.

The inner handle 20, the interface members 40, and the outer handle 46 can be manufactured from a variety of materials, such as metal, ceramic, polymeric materials, composites, or any such combination thereof. Polymeric materials suitable for use in the present invention include acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, acetal, acrylic, polyamide nylon 6-6, nylon, polycarbonate, polyester, polyether etherketone, polyetheride, polyether sulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polystyrene, polysulfone, and styrene acrylonitrile. In the preferred embodiment, the components 20, 40, and 46 are constructed from reinforced nylon. Suitable reinforcing materials include aramid, carbon, glass, polyester or mica fibers, or some combination thereof.

Figure 15 illustrates one embodiment of an adjustable torque limiting tool 58 in accordance with the present invention. In the context of the present torque limiting tool 58, torque should be understood as the torque 81 on the inner handle 20 and/or the tool 80 relative to the torque 79 on the outer handle 46. In particular, the torque 79 applied to the outer handle 46 is transmitted to the inner handle 20 and/or tool 80 at the torque 81, up to a threshold torque set by the functioning of the mechanism 58.

The outer handle 46 substantially surrounds inner handle 20. In the illustrated embodiment, the distal end 24 of the inner handle 20 abuts shoulder 74 in the outer handle 46. Cap 62 attaches to the primary opening 52 of the outer handle 46 to secure the inner handle 20 in place. The cap 62 preferably includes threads 65 (see Figure 21) that engage with threads 57 on the outer handle 46 (see Figures 12-14). The cap 62 also preferably includes an opening 63 that provides easy access for adjusting retainer 66.

Biasing assembly 60 includes spring 68 compressively interposed between the retainer 66 and an biasing member 64. The retainer 66 is engaged with proximal end 22 of inner handle 20. In the illustrated embodiment, the retainer 66 is threadably engaged with the treaded portion 36 on the inner handle 20. The threaded portion 36 permits the location of the retainer 66 to be adjusted along the longitudinal axis 28 relative to the inner handle 22. By advancing the retainer 66 toward the distal end 24, the compressive force on the spring 68 is increased. In an alternate embodiment, the location of the retainer 66 is fixed. In the illustrated embodiment, the spring 68 is a conventional coil spring. The spring 68 can be replaced by an elastomeric material, a memory metal, or a variety of other biasing devices.

The biasing member 64 is positioned to bias the interface members 40 radially outward. The biasing member 64 is preferably located in the biasing assembly aperture 30. Alternatively, the biasing member 64 can be located in the radially oriented slots 32.

In the illustrated embodiment, the biasing member 64 includes a leading edge 70 that is angled with respect to the longitudinal axis 28. The angle of the leading edge 70 is preferably complementary to the angle of the side surface 44 on the interface members 40. In an alternate embodiment, the leading edge 70 could be substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 28.

Figure 16 illustrates an alternative interface member 40' in accordance with the present invention. The biasing member 64' includes an angled leading edge 70' that acts on a substantially rectangular interface member 40'. The longitudinal biasing force 76 causes the leading edge 70' to urge the interface member 40' radically outward, generating the radially outward biasing force 77.

Biasing assembly 60 creates a longitudinal biasing force 76 that acts along longitudinal axis 28. The biasing member 64 transmits the longitudinal biasing force 76 to the interface members 40. As the biasing member 64 advances along the longitudinal axis 28 toward the distal end 24, the interface of the angled surfaces 44, 70 slide relative to each other to convert the longitudinal biasing force 76 into a radially outward biasing force 77. The radially outward biasing force 77 urges the elongated surface 42 against the inner surface 50 of the outer handle 46. The magnitude of the radially outward biasing force 77 can be adjusted (increased or decreased) by moving the retainer 66 relative to the inner handle 20.

As shown in Figure 15, when longitudinal biasing force 76 acts on the interface member 40, the elongated surface 42 is displaced so that it is above the outer surface 34 of inner handle 20. In the configuration of Figure 15, a space 78 exists between the proximal ends 43 of the interface members 40 and a gap 72 exists between the side surfaces 44 and the angled surfaces 38 (see Figure 2) on the inner handle 20. The space 78 and the gap 72 provide clearance for some radially inward displacement of the interface members 40.

During normal operating conditions, the elongated surface 42 is typically engaged with one of the valleys 56B on the structure 56 of the outer handle 46. When torque 79 applied to the outer handle 46 is greater than the torque 81 desired at the tool 80, the elongated surface 42 slides out valley 56B and up onto one of the peaks 56A. Movement of the elongated surface 42 out of a valley 56A toward a peak 56A displaces the interface member 40 radially inward. Simultaneously, the biasing member 64 is displaced toward the proximal end 22 of the inner handle 20. The space 78 and the gap 72 provide clearance for the interface members 40 to move radially inward.

Once the elongated surface 42 reaches a peak 56A, continued application of torque 79 causes the interface member 40 to advance to an adjacent valley 56B. The radially outward biasing force 77 displaces the interface member 40 into the adjacent valley 56B.

If the torque 79 continues to exceed the threshold value, the outer handle 46 rotates around the inner handle 20, preventing the tool 80 from transmitting torque 81 greater than the threshold value. In one embodiment, the present adjustable torque limiting tool 58 responds the same way to torque 79 applied in either direction. That is, the rotation of the inner handle 20 relative to the outer handle 46 is bi-directional.

In one embodiment, the peaks 56A and valleys 56B, and/or the elongated surface 42, are asymmetrical so as to provide different limits on the torque 81 delivered at the tool 80 depending upon the direction of rotation (see e.g., Figure 25). In yet another alternate embodiment, the present adjustable torque limiting tool 58 transmits limited toque in one direction of rotation, but transmits significantly higher torque in the other direction, typically limited only by failure of the tool 58 or the item being torqued.

The threshold value corresponds to the torque 79 at which the interface members 40 slip. By increasing the longitudinal biasing force 76, the threshold value is increased. Similarly, by decreasing the longitudinal biasing force 76, the threshold value is decreased. As discussed above, the compression of the spring 68, and hence the longitudinal biasing force 76, can be adjusted by moving the retainer 66 relative to the threaded portion 36. In an alternate embodiment, the spring 68 can be replaced with a spring having a different spring force.

Figures 17 through 20 provide various views of the preferred biasing member 64 of the present invention. The biasing member 64 includes base 86 and head 88. Head 88 preferably includes a plurality of notches 90 and a tip 92. Notches 90 are intended to engage with surface 44 of interface members 40. Alternatively, notches 90 can be omitted or could have some other configuration such as planar or curvilinear.

Figures 21 and 22 illustrate the cap 62 in greater detail. The cap 62 preferably includes threads on surface 65 that engage with corresponding threads 57 on the outer handle 46.

Figure 23 illustrates an alternative embodiment of adjustable torque limiting tool 158 in accordance with the present invention. Spring 168 oriented along longitudinal axis 128 acts on ball 196. Application of biasing force 176 on the ball 1 96 acts to displace interface members 140 radially outward. Shoulder 198 on inner handle 120 acts as a stop for ball 199. The interface of the elongated surface 142 with the inner surface 156 of the outer handle 146 causes the interface member 140 to be generally self-leveling.

When the torque 179 applied to the outer handle 146 exceeds a threshold value of torque 181 desired at the tool coupling portion 125, member 140 is displaced radially inward and the inner handle 120 slips against outer handle 146, thereby limiting the transmission of torque to the tool coupling portion 125.

Figure 24 illustrates an alternate adjustable torque limiting tool 200 in accordance with the present invention. Inner handle 202 includes a shoulder 204 that engages with a corresponding shoulder 206 on inner surface 208 of the outer handle 210. Distal end 212 of the inner handle 202 extends beyond the outer handle 210, providing a location adapted to couple with a variety of tools 214. In the illustrated embodiment, the tools 214 releasably couple with outer surface 216 of the distal end 212.

Figure 25 is a schematic illustration of an alternate inner surface 250 of an outer handle 252 engaged with an interface member 260. The inner surface 250 includes a structure 254 that limits torque transmission to the inner handle 251 when the outer handle 252 is rotated in the direction 256. Interface member 260 includes a first surface portion 262 that rides up surface 264 on the structure 254. The second surface portion 266 of the interface member 260 abuts the surface 268 on the structure 254 to transmits theoretically unlimited torque when the outer handle 252 is rotated in the direction 258.

In operation, when a torque applied to the inner handle 251 in the direction 258 exceeds a threshold value, the inner handle 251 rotates within the outer handle 254 in the direction 258. When a torque applied to the inner handle 251 in the direction 256 exceeds the threshold value, the inner handle 251 does not substantially rotate within the outer handle 252.

 A torque limiting tool comprising: an inner handle (20) comprising a tool coupling portion (25) and at least one radially oriented slot (32); at least one interface member (40) located in the radially oriented slot (32) of the inner handle, the interface member (40) comprising an elongated surface generally oriented parallel to a longitudinal axis (28) of the inner handle (20); a coil spring (68) compressively interposed between a retainer (66) and a biasing member (64) located in a biasing assembly aperture (30) and oriented along the longitudinal axis (28) to provide a longitudinal biasing force that biases the interface member (40) radially outward; and an outer handle (46) having an outer surface oriented generally parallel to the longitudinal axis (28) adapted to be gripped by a user and an inner surface (50) limiting radial displacement of the interface member (40) the elongated surface (42) on the interface member (40) is configured to engage with the inner surface (50) of the outer handle (46) comprising an elongated surface area of engagement at least 12.7 mm (0.5 inches) long and generally oriented generally parallel to the longitudinal axis (28) of the inner handle, one or more of the inner handle (20), the outer handle (46) and the interface member (40) made of a polymeric material. The tool of claim 1 wherein the tool coupling portion (25) comprises a tool receiving aperture (26) extending along the longitudinal axis (28) of the inner handle (20). The tool of claim 1 wherein the tool coupling portion (25) comprises an outer surface of the inner handle. The tool of claim 1 comprising a plurality of tools (80) each adapted to releasably engage with the tool coupling portion (25). The tool of claim 1 wherein the biasing assembly aperture (30) is connected to the radially oriented slot (32). The tool of claim 1 wherein a proximal end of the biasing assembly aperture (30) comprises a threaded portion. The tool of claim 1 wherein the radially oriented slots (32) comprise at least one angled surface. The tool of claim 1 wherein the interface member (40) comprises at least one surface oriented toward the biasing assembly aperture (30) at an acute angle with respect to the longitudinal axis (28). The tool of claim 1 wherein the elongated surface (42) of the interface member (40) is generally flush with an outer surface of the inner handle (20) when the longitudinal biasing force is removed. The tool of claim 1 wherein the biasing force displaces the elongated surface (42) of the interface member (40) above an outer surface of the inner handle (20). The tool of claim 1 wherein the elongated surface (42) is at least 25.4 mm (1,0 inch) long. The tool of claim 1 wherein the elongated surface (42) comprises a curvilinear shape. The tool of claim 1 wherein the elongated surface (42) comprises a planar portion. The tool of claim 1 wherein the biasing assembly (60) comprises a spring (68). The tool of claim 1 wherein the longitudinal biasing force is adjustable. The tool of claim 1 wherein the biasing member (64) comprises a leading edge engaged with the interface member. The tool of claim 16 wherein the leading edge of the biasing member (64) forms an acute angle with respect to the longitudinal axis. The tool of claim 16 wherein the biasing member (64) is slidably engaged with the biasing assembly aperture. The tool of claim 1 wherein the retainer (66) is threadably engaged with a proximal end of the inner handler (20). The tool of claim 19 wherein the location of the retainer (66) relative to a proximal end of the inner handle (20) is adjustable. The tool of claim 1 wherein the inner surface (50) of the outer handle (46) comprises a plurality of detents. The tool of claim 1 wherein the inner surface (50) of the outer handle (46) comprises a curvilinear surface. The tool of claim 1 wherein the inner surface (50) of the outer handle (46) comprises a generally smooth surface. The tool of claim 1 wherein the inner surface (50) of the outer handle (46) is asymmetrical. The tool of claim 1 wherein the outer handle (46) substantially surrounds the inner handle (20). The tool of claim 1 wherein the interface member (40) is displaced radially inward when a torque applied to the tool coupling portion exceeds a threshold value. The tool of claim 1 wherein the inner handle (20) rotates within the outer handle (46) when a torque applied to the tool coupling portion exceeds a threshold value. The tool of claim 27 wherein the rotation of the inner handle (20) relative to the outer handle (46) is bi-directional. The tool of claim 1 wherein a torque applied to the inner handle (20) in a first direction that exceeds a threshold value causes the inner handle (20) to rotate in the first direction within the outer handle (46) and a torque applied to the inner handle (20) in a second direction that exceeds the threshold value does not substantially rotate the inner handle (20) within the outer handle (46). The tool of claim 1 comprising: an elongated outer handle (46) having a primary opening to a central aperture adapted to receive the inner handle (20); and a cap (62) attached to the primary opening (52) of the outer handle (46) that is sized to receive the inner handle (20) to secure the inner handle in place. The tool of claim 1 wherein one or more of the inner handle (20) the outer handle (46) and the interface members (40) are made of metal, ceramic, a composite, or a combination thereof. The tool of claim 1 wherein the biasing assembly aperture (30) is located in the inner handle. A method of limiting torque transmission comprising the steps of: generating a longitudinal biasing force along a longitudinal axis (28) of an inner handle (20); positioning a coil spring (68) compressively between a retainer (66) and a biasing member (64) in a biasing assembly aperture, the coil spring oriented along the longitudinal axis (28) to provide a longitudinal biasing force; coupling the longitudinal biasing force to one or more interface members located in a radially oriented slot (32) of the inner handle, the longitudinal biasing force biasing a longitudinally oriented elongated surface on the one or more interface members (40) radially outward; positioning at least a portion of the inner handle (20) in an outer handle (46), the outer handle (46) having an outer gripping surface oriented generally parallel to the longitudinal axis (28) adapted to be gripped by a user; restraining the radial movement of the one or more interface members (40) in the outer handle (46) such that the elongated surface on the one or more interface members (40) is in direct contact with the inner surface (50) of the outer handle (46) comprising an elongated surface area of engagement at least 12.7 mm (0.5 inches) long and generally oriented generally parallel to the longitudinal axis (28) of the inner handle (20), one or more of the inner handle (20), the outer handle (46) and the one or more interface members is made of a polymeric material; positioning a tool in a tool coupling portion on the inner handle; and permitting the inner handle (20) to rotate relative to the outer handle (46) when a torque applied from the tool to the inner handle exceeds a threshold level. The method of claim 33 comprising coupling one of a plurality of tools (80) to the inner handle. The method of claim 33 comprising adjusting the longitudinal biasing force. The method of claim 33 comprising displacing the elongated surface above an outer surface of the inner handle (20). The method of claim 33 comprising displacing the one or more interface members radially inward when a torque applied to the inner handle (20) exceeds a threshold value. The method of claim 33 wherein the rotation of the inner handle (20) relative to the outer handle (46) is bi-directional. The method of claim 33 comprising the steps of: applying a torque to the inner handle (20) in a first direction that exceeds a threshold value so that the inner handle (20) rotates within the outer handle (46) in the first direction; and applying a torque to the inner handle (20) in a second direction that exceeds the threshold value without permitting the inner handle (20) to substantially rotate in the second direction within the outer handle. The method of claim 33 comprising the step of: removing a spring that provides the longitudinal biasing force from the inner handle; and inserting a different spring having a different spring constant into the inner handle. Drehmomentbegrenzungswerkzeug, das aufweist: einen inneren Griff (20) mit einem Werkzeugkupplungsabschnitt (25) und mindestens einem radial ausgerichteten Schlitz (32); mindestens ein in dem radial ausgerichteten Schlitz (32) des inneren Griffs angeordnetes Anpassungsglied (40), wobei das Anpassungsglied (40) eine langgestreckte Oberfläche aufweist, die im Allgemeinen parallel zu einer Längsachse (28) des inneren Griffs (20) ausgerichtet ist; eine zwischen einem Halter (66) und einem Vorspannglied (64) unter Druck eingesetzte Spiralfeder (68), die in einer Vorspannbaugruppenöffnung (30) angeordnet und in Richtung der Längsachse (28) ausgerichtet ist, um eine längsgerichtete Vorspannkraft bereitzustellen, die das Anpassungsglied (40) radial nach außen vorspannt; und einen äußeren Griff (46) mit einer im Allgemeinen parallel zur Längsachse (28) ausgerichteten Außenfläche, die so angepasst ist, dass sie von einem Benutzer ergriffen werden kann, und einer Innenfläche (50), welche die Radialverschiebung des Anpassungsglieds (40) begrenzt, wobei die langgestreckte Oberfläche (42) an dem Anpassungsglied (40) für den Eingriff mit der Innenfläche (50) des äußeren Griffs (46) konfiguriert ist, der eine langgestreckte Eingriffsfläche von mindestens 12,7 mm (0,5 Zoll) Länge aufweist, die im Allgemeinen parallel zur Längsachse (28) des inneren Griffs ausgerichtet ist, wobei eine oder mehrere der Komponenten innerer Griff (20), äußerer Griff (46) und Anpassungsglied (40) aus Polymerwerkstoff hergestellt sind. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Werkzeugkupplungsabschnitt (25) eine Werkzeugaufnahmeöffnung (26) aufweist, die sich in Richtung der Längsachse (28) des inneren Griffs (20) erstreckt. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Werkzeugkupplungsabschnitt (25) eine Außenfläche des inneren Griffs aufweist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, das eine Vielzahl von Werkzeugen (80) aufweist, die jeweils an einen lösbaren Eingriff mit dem Werkzeugkupplungsabschnitt (25) angepasst sind. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Vorspannbaugruppenöffnung (30) mit dem radial ausgerichteten Schlitz (32) verbunden ist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei ein proximales Ende der Vorspannbaugruppenöffnung (30) einen Gewindeabschnitt aufweist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei die radial ausgerichteten Schlitze (32) mindestens eine abgewinkelte Oberfläche aufweisen Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Anpassungsglied (40) mindestens eine Oberfläche aufweist, die zur Vorspannbaugruppenöffnung (30) hin in einem spitzen Winkel bezüglich der Längsachse (28) ausgerichtet ist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei die langgestreckte Oberfläche (42) des Anpassungsglieds (40) im Allgemeinen bündig mit einer Außenfläche des inneren Griffs (20) ist, wenn die längsgerichtete Vorspannkraft weggenommen wird. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Vorspannkraft die langgestreckte Oberfläche (42) des Anpassungsglieds (40) über einer Außenfläche des inneren Griffs (20) verschiebt. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei die langgestreckte Oberfläche (42) eine Länge von mindestens 25,4 mm (1,0 Zoll) aufweist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei die langgestreckte Oberfläche (42) eine gekrümmte Form aufweist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei die langgestreckte Oberfläche (42) eine ebene Form aufweist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Vorspannbaugruppe (60) eine Feder (68) aufweist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei die längsgerichtete Vorspannkraft einstellbar ist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Vorspannglied (64) eine Vorderkante aufweist, die im Eingriff mit dem Anpassungsglied ist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 16, wobei die Vorderkante des Vorspannglieds (64) einen spitzen Winkel mit der Längsachse bildet. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 16, wobei das Vorspannglied (64) in gleitenden Eingriff mit der Vorspannbaugruppenöffnung gebracht wird. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Halter (66) in Gewindeeingriff mit einem proximalen Ende des inneren Griffs (20) gebracht wird. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 19, wobei die Position des Halters (66) bezüglich eines proximalen Endes des inneren Griffs (20) verstellbar ist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Innenfläche (50) des äußeren Griffs (46) eine Vielzahl von Arretierungen aufweist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Innenfläche (50) des äußeren Griffs (46) eine gekrümmte Oberfläche aufweist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Innenfläche (50) des äußeren Griffs (46) eine im Allgemeinen glatte Oberfläche aufweist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Innenfläche (50) des äußeren Griffs (46) asymmetrisch ist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei der äußere Griff (46) den inneren Griff (20) weitgehend umschließt. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Anpassungsglied (40) radial nach innen verschoben wird, wenn ein am Werkzeugkupplungsabschnitt angreifendes Drehmoment einen Schwellwert überschreitet. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei sich der innere Griff (20) innerhalb des äußeren Griffs (46) dreht, wenn ein am Werkzeugkupplungsabschnitt angreifendes Drehmoment einen Schwellwert überschreitet. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 27, wobei die Drehung des inneren Griffs (20) gegenüber dem äußeren Griff (46) bidirektional ist. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei ein am inneren Griff (20) in einer ersten Richtung angreifendes Drehmoment, das einen Schwellwert überschreitet, eine Drehung des inneren Griffs (20) in der ersten Richtung innerhalb des äußeren Griffs (46) bewirkt, und ein am inneren Griff (20) in einer zweiten Richtung angreifendes Drehmoment, das den Schwellwert überschreitet, den inneren Griff (20) nicht wesentlich innerhalb des äußeren Griffs (46) dreht. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, das aufweist: einen langgestreckten äußeren Griff (46) mit einer Primäröffnung zu einer zentralen Öffnung, die an die Aufnahme des inneren Griffs (20) angepasst ist; und eine an der Primäröffnung (52) des äußeren Griffs (46) angebrachte Kappe (62), die so bemessen ist, dass sie den inneren Griff (20) aufnimmt, um den inneren Griff zu fixieren. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine der Komponenten innerer Griff (20), äußerer Griff (46) und Anpassungsglieder (40) aus Metall, Keramik, einem Verbundstoff oder einer Kombination davon besteht. Werkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei sich die Vorspannbaugruppenöffnung (30) im äußeren Griff befindet. Verfahren zur Begrenzung der Drehmomentübertragung, mit den folgenden Schritten: Erzeugen einer längsgerichteten Vorspannkraft in Richtung einer Längsachse (28) eines inneren Griffs (20); Positionieren einer Spiralfeder (68) unter Druck zwischen einem Halter (66) und einem Vorspannglied (64) in einer Vorspannbaugruppenöffnung, wobei die Spiralfeder (68) in Richtung einer Längsachse (28) ausgerichtet wird, um eine längsgerichtete Vorspannkraft bereitzustellen; Koppeln der längsgerichteten Vorspannkraft an ein oder mehrere, in einem radial ausgerichteten Schlitz (32) des inneren Griffs angeordnete Anpassungsglieder, wobei die längsgerichtete Vorspannkraft eine in Längsrichtung ausgerichtete langgestreckte Oberfläche an dem einen oder den mehreren Anpassungsgliedern (40) radial nach außen vorspannt; Positionieren zumindest eines Abschnitts des inneren Griffs (20) in einem äußeren Griff (46), wobei der äußere Griff (46) eine äußere Greiffläche aufweist, die im Allgemeinen parallel zur Längsachse (28) ausgerichtet und so angepasst ist, dass sie von einem Benutzer ergriffen werden kann; Einschränken der radialen Bewegung des einen oder der mehreren Anpassungsglieder (40) in dem äußeren Griff (46), so dass sich die langgestreckte Oberfläche des einen oder der mehreren Anpassungsglieder (40) in direktem Kontakt mit der Innenfläche (50) des äußeren Griffs (46) befindet, der eine langgestreckte Eingriffsfläche mit einer Länge von mindestens 12,7 mm (0,5 Zoll) aufweist, die im Allgemeinen parallel zu der Längsachse (28) des inneren Griffs (20) ausgerichtet ist, wobei eine oder mehrere der Komponenten innerer Griff (20), äußerer Griff (46) und das eine oder die mehreren Anpassungsglieder (40) aus Polymerwerkstoff bestehen; Anordnen eines Werkzeugs in einem Werkzeugkupplungsabschnitt an dem inneren Griff; und Zulassen einer Drehung des inneren Griffs (20) bezüglich des äußeren Griffs (46), wenn ein von dem Werkzeug an dem inneren Griff angreifendes Drehmoment einen Schwellwert überschreitet. Verfahren nach Anspruch 33 mit Ankuppeln eines von einer Vielzahl von Werkzeugen (80) an den inneren Griff. Verfahren nach Anspruch 33 mit Einstellen der längsgerichteten Vorspannkraft. Verfahren nach Anspruch 33 mit Verschieben der langgestreckten Oberfläche über einer Außenfläche des inneren Griffs (20). Verfahren nach Anspruch 33 mit Verschieben des einen oder der mehreren Anpassungsglieder radial nach innen, wenn ein an dem inneren Griff (20) angreifendes Drehmoment einen Schwellwert überschreitet. Verfahren nach Anspruch 33, wobei die Drehung des inneren Griffs (20) bezüglich des äußeren Griffs (46) bidirektional ist. Verfahren nach Anspruch 33, mit den folgenden Schritten: Anlegen eines Drehmoments an den inneren Griff (20) in einer ersten Richtung, wobei das Drehmoment einen Schwellwert überschreitet, so dass sich der innere Griff (20) innerhalb des äußeren Griffs (46)in der ersten Richtung dreht; und Anlegen eines Drehmoments an den inneren Griff (20) in einer zweiten Richtung, wobei das Drehmoment den Schwellwert überschreitet ohne zuzulassen, dass sich der innere Griff (20) erheblich in der zweiten Richtung innerhalb des äußeren Griffs dreht. Verfahren nach Anspruch 33, mit dem folgenden Schritt: Entfernen einer Feder, welche die längsgerichtete Vorspannkraft bereitstellt, aus dem inneren Griff; und Einsetzen einer anderen Feder mit einer anderen Federkonstante in den inneren Griff. Outil de limitation de couple, comprenant : une poignée intérieure (20) comprenant une partie de couplage d'outil (25) et au moins une fente orientée radialement (32) ; au moins un organe d'interface (40) situé dans la fente orientée radialement (32) de la poignée intérieure, l'organe d'interface (40) comprenant une surface allongée généralement orientée parallèlement à un axe longitudinal (28) de la poignée intérieure (20) ; un ressort hélicoïdal (68) interposé de manière à pouvoir être compressé entre une fixation (66) et un organe de polarisation (64) situé dans une ouverture d'ensemble de polarisation (30) et orienté le long de l'axe longitudinal (28) pour fournir une force de polarisation longitudinale qui polarise l'organe d'interface (40) radialement vers l'extérieur ; et une poignée extérieure (46) ayant une surface extérieure orientée généralement parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal (28) apte à être prise par un utilisateur et une surface intérieure (50) limitant le déplacement radial de l'organe d'interface (40), la surface allongée (42) sur l'organe d'interface (40) étant configurée pour se mettre en prise avec la surface intérieure (50) de la poignée extérieure (46) comprenant une zone de surface allongée de mise en prise d'au moins 12,7 mm (0,5 pouce) de long et généralement orientée généralement parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal (28) de la poignée intérieure, un ou plusieurs de la poignée intérieure (20), la poignée extérieure (46) et l'organe d'interface (40) étant constitués d'un matériau polymérique. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la partie de couplage d'outil (25) comprend une ouverture de réception d'outil (26) s'étendant le long de l'axe longitudinal (28) de la poignée intérieure (20). Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la partie de couplage d'outil (25) comprend une surface extérieure de la poignée intérieure. Outil selon la revendication 1, comprenant une pluralité d'outils (80) étant chacun apte à se mettre en prise de manière libérable avec la partie de couplage d'outil (25). Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'ouverture d'ensemble de polarisation (30) est connectée à la fente orientée radialement (32). Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel une extrémité proximale de l'ouverture d'ensemble de polarisation (30) comprend une partie filetée. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les fentes orientées radialement (32) comprennent au moins une surface angulaire. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'organe d'interface (40) comprend au moins une surface orientée vers l'ouverture d'ensemble de polarisation (30) à un angle aigu par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (28). Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la surface allongée (42) de l'organe d'interface (40) est généralement arasée avec une surface extérieure de la poignée intérieure (20) lorsque la force de polarisation longitudinale est supprimée. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la force de polarisation déplace la surface allongée (42) de l'organe d'interface (40) au-dessus d'une surface extérieure de la poignée intérieure (20). Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la surface allongée (42) est d'au moins 25,4 mm (1,0 pouce) de long. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la surface allongée (42) comprend une forme curviligne. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la surface allongée (42) comprend une partie plane. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'ensemble de polarisation (60) comprend un ressort (68). Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la force de polarisation longitudinale est réglable. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'organe de polarisation (64) comprend un bord avant en prise avec l'organe d'interface. Outil selon la revendication 16, dans lequel le bord avant de l'organe de polarisation (64) forme un angle aigu avec l'axe longitudinal. Outil selon la revendication 16, dans lequel l'organe de polarisation (64) est mis en prise de manière à pouvoir coulisser avec l'ouverture d'ensemble de polarisation. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la fixation (66) est mise en prise de manière filetée avec une extrémité proximale de la poignée intérieure (20). Outil selon la revendication 19, dans lequel l'emplacement de la fixation (66) par rapport à une extrémité proximale de la poignée intérieure (20) est réglable. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la surface intérieure (50) de la poignée extérieure (46) comprend une pluralité de détentes. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la surface intérieure (50) de la poignée extérieure (46) comprend une surface curviligne. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la surface intérieure (50) de la poignée extérieure (46) comprend une surface généralement lisse. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la surface intérieure (50) de la poignée extérieure (46) est asymétrique. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la poignée extérieure (46) entoure sensiblement la poignée intérieure (20). Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'organe d'interface (40) est déplacé radialement vers l'intérieur lorsqu'un couple appliqué à la partie de couplage d'outil dépasse une valeur de seuil. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la poignée intérieure (20) tourne à l'intérieur de la poignée extérieure (46) lorsqu'un couple appliqué à la partie de couplage d'outil dépasse une valeur de seuil. Outil selon la revendication 27, dans lequel la rotation de la poignée intérieure (20) par rapport à la poignée extérieure (46) est bidirectionnelle. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel un couple appliqué à la poignée intérieure (20) dans une première direction qui dépasse une valeur de seuil amène à la poignée intérieure (20) à tourner dans la première direction à l'intérieur de la poignée extérieure (46), et un couple appliqué à la poignée intérieure (20) dans une deuxième direction qui dépasse la valeur de seuil ne fait pas sensiblement tourner la poignée intérieure (20) à l'intérieur de la poignée extérieure (46). Outil selon la revendication 1, comprenant : une poignée extérieure allongée (46) ayant un orifice principal sur une ouverture centrale apte à recevoir la poignée intérieure (20) ; et un capuchon (62) attaché à l'orifice principal (52) de la poignée extérieure (46) qui est dimensionné pour recevoir la poignée intérieure (20) pour maintenir la poignée intérieure en place. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel un ou plusieurs de la poignée intérieure (20), la poignée extérieure (46) et l'organe d'interface (40) sont constitués de métal, de céramique, d'un composite ou d'une combinaison de ceux-ci. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'ouverture d'ensemble de polarisation (30) est située dans la poignée intérieure. Procédé de limitation de transmission de couple, comprenant les étapes de : la génération d'une force de polarisation longitudinale le long d'un axe longitudinal (28) d'une poignée intérieure (20) ; le positionnement d'un ressort hélicoïdal (68) de manière à pouvoir être compressé entre une fixation (66) et un organe de polarisation (64) dans une ouverture d'ensemble de polarisation, le ressort hélicoïdal (68) étant orienté le long de l'axe longitudinal (28) pour fournir une force de polarisation longitudinale ; le couplage de la force de polarisation longitudinale à un ou plusieurs organes d'interface situés dans une fente (32) orientée radialement de la poignée intérieure, la force de polarisation longitudinale polarisant une surface allongée orientée longitudinalement sur un ou plusieurs organes d'interface (40) radialement vers l'extérieur ; le positionnement d'au moins une partie de la poignée intérieure (20) dans une poignée extérieure (46), la poignée extérieure (46) ayant une surface de préhension extérieure orientée généralement parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal apte à être prise par un utilisateur ; la restriction du mouvement radial du ou des organes d'interface (40) dans la poignée extérieure (46) de sorte que la surface allongée du ou des organes d'interface (40) soit en contact direct avec la surface intérieure (50) de la poignée extérieure (46) comprenant une zone de surface allongée de mise en prise d'au moins 12,7 mm (0,5 inch) de long et généralement orientée généralement parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal (28) de la poignée intérieure (20), un ou plusieurs de la poignée intérieure (20), la poignée extérieure (46) et l'un ou plusieurs organes d'interface étant constitués d'un matériau polymérique ; le positionnement d'un outil dans une partie de couplage d'outil sur la poignée intérieure ; et la permission pour la poignée intérieure (20) de tourner par rapport à la poignée extérieure (46) lorsqu'un couple appliqué de l'outil à la poignée intérieure dépasse un niveau de seuil. Procédé selon la revendication 33, comprenant le couplage de l'un d'une pluralité d'outils (80) à la poignée intérieure. Procédé selon la revendication 33, comprenant le réglage de la force de polarisation longitudinale. Procédé selon la revendication 33, comprenant le déplacement de la surface allongée au-dessus d'une surface extérieure de la poignée intérieure (20). Procédé selon la revendication 33, comprenant le déplacement d'un ou plusieurs organes d'interface radialement vers l'intérieur lorsqu'un couple appliqué à la poignée intérieure (20) dépasse une valeur de seuil. Procédé selon la revendication 33, dans lequel la rotation de la poignée intérieure (20) par rapport à la poignée extérieure (46) est bidirectionnelle. Procédé selon la revendication 33, comprenant les étapes de : l'application d'un couple à la poignée intérieure (20) dans une première direction qui dépasse une valeur de seuil de sorte que la poignée intérieure (20) tourne à l'intérieur de la poignée extérieure (46) dans la première direction ; et l'application d'un couple à la poignée intérieure (20) dans une deuxième direction qui dépasse la valeur de seuil sans permettre à la poignée intérieure (20) de tourner sensiblement dans la deuxième direction à l'intérieur de la poignée extérieure. Procédé selon la revendication 33, comprenant les étapes de : l'enlèvement d'un ressort qui fournit la force de polarisation longitudinale de la poignée intérieure ; et l'insertion d'un ressort différent ayant une constante de ressort différente dans la poignée intérieure.
REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Patent documents cited in the description