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EP 1 882 080 B9 |
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CORRECTED EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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Note: Bibliography reflects the latest situation |
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Correction information: |
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Corrected version no 1 (W1 B1) |
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Corrections, see Description |
(48) |
Corrigendum issued on: |
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01.09.2010 Bulletin 2010/35 |
(45) |
Mention of the grant of the patent: |
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07.10.2009 Bulletin 2009/41 |
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Date of filing: 11.05.2006 |
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International Patent Classification (IPC):
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International application number: |
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PCT/GB2006/001733 |
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International publication number: |
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WO 2006/120453 (16.11.2006 Gazette 2006/46) |
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WELLBORE CLEANING TOOL AND METHOD
BOHRLOCHREINIGUNGSWERKZEUG UND -VERFAHREN
OUTIL DE NETTOYAGE DE PUITS DE FORAGE ET SON PROCEDE
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Designated Contracting States: |
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AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE
SI SK TR |
(30) |
Priority: |
12.05.2005 GB 0509715
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Date of publication of application: |
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30.01.2008 Bulletin 2008/05 |
(73) |
Proprietor: Specialised Petroleum Services Group Limited |
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Aberdeen AB32 6UF (GB) |
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Inventor: |
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- TELFER, George
Aberdeen AB25 2RE (GB)
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(74) |
Representative: Ede, Eric et al |
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Murgitroyd & Company
165-169 Scotland Street Glasgow G5 8PL Glasgow G5 8PL (GB) |
(56) |
References cited: :
GB-A- 2 350 632
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US-B1- 6 439 303
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Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European
patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to
the European patent
granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall
not be deemed to
have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent
Convention).
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[0001] The present invention relates to a cleaning tool for use in cleaning ferrous material
from a wellbore, a cleaning assembly comprising a plurality of such wellbore cleaning
tools, and to a method of cleaning ferrous materials from a wellbore. In particular,
but not exclusively, the present invention relates to a cleaning tool comprising at
least one magnet for cleaning ferrous material from a wellbore.
[0002] In the oil and gas exploration and production industry, a wellbore or borehole of
an oil or gas well is typically drilled from surface to a first depth and lined with
a steel casing which is cemented in place. The borehole is then extended and a further
section of tubing known as a liner is located in the borehole, extending from the
casing to a producing formation, and is also cemented in place. The well is then completed
by locating a string of production tubing within the casing/liner, through which well
fluids flow to surface.
[0003] However, before the well can be completed, it is necessary to clean the lined wellbore
and replace the fluids present in the wellbore with a completion fluid such as brine.
The cleaning process serves to remove solids adhered to the wall of the casing or
liner; to circulate residual drilling mud and other fluids out of the wellbore; and
to filter out solids present in the wellbore fluid. A considerable amount of debris
in the wellbore and on the surface of the casing/liner comprises rust particles and
metal chips or scrapings originating from equipment used in the well and the casing
or liner itself.
[0004] Various types of cleaning tools are known, one of which is generically referred to
as a casing scraper. Tools of this type typically incorporate casing scraper blades
designed to scrape the inner surface of the casing/liner, for removing relatively
large particles or debris from the surface of the tubing. Whilst it is recognised
that it is desirable to utilise such cleaning tools to clean the casing/liner, when
a casing scraper is removed from the well, the scraper blades can dislodge further
debris into the wellbore fluid, negating the effect of cleaning procedures previously
carried out. Similar difficulties have been encountered with other types of cleaning
tools, including those having brushes or other abrading surfaces, circulation tools
and the like.
[0005] In an effort to overcome disadvantages associated with the use of such tools, magnetic
well cleaning apparatus has been developed, such as that disclosed in the Applicant's
UK Patent Number 2350632, which includes a number of magnets. In use, ferrous metal and debris present in
the wellbore is attracted to the magnets and carried out of the wellbore when the
cleaning tool is removed or "tripped" from the well.
[0006] GB-A-2 350 632 discloses the preamble of independent claims 1 and 41.
[0007] It is amongst the objects of embodiments of the present invention to obviate or mitigate
at least one of the foregoing disadvantages. In particular, it is amongst the objects
of embodiments of the present invention to provide an improved wellbore cleaning tool.
[0008] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cleaning
as claimed in claim 1.
[0009] By providing a cleaning tool having a magnet which is selectively movable between
a deactivated position and an activated position, the cleaning tool may be run into
a wellbore to be cleaned and positioned at a desired location within the wellbore
without the tool becoming overloaded with ferrous material during run-in and prior
to positioning at the desired location. It will therefore be understood that the cleaning
tool may be selectively activated or switched-on by controlling movement of the magnet
between the deactivated and activated positions. Thus following run-in and positioning
of the tool at said desired location, the magnet may be moved to the activated position
so that a cleaning operation may commence. This also provides the advantage that fluid
flow past the cleaning tool carrying entrained ferrous material is not hampered.
[0010] It will be understood that references herein to ferrous material are to materials
containing iron such as metal cuttings, shavings, chips, dislodged rust or the like
which are found downhole, such as may be produced during downhole procedures. Such
ferrous materials may, for example, be produced during drilling or milling of a window
in a casing or liner, or may be dislodged during a cleaning operation.
[0011] It will also be understood that the tool serves for cleaning ferrous material from
a wellbore in that the magnet generates a magnetic field which attracts ferrous material
present in the wellbore towards the tool. Thus by translating the tool relative to
the wellbore (with the magnet in the activated position), the magnet may cause ferrous
materials in the wellbore to become attracted towards and thus adhered to the tool,
thereby facilitating removal of the ferrous material from the wellbore.
[0012] Preferably, the deactivated position of the magnet is a retracted or switched-off
position, whilst the activated position is an extended, operating position/switched-on
position. It will therefore be understood that the cleaning tool may be selectively
activated or switched-on by controlling movement of the magnet between the retracted
and extended positions.
[0013] Preferably also, the magnet is adapted to be selectively restrained or otherwise
maintained in the deactivated position. The magnet may therefore be held in the deactivated
position until such time as it is desired to commence a cleaning operation, whereupon
the magnet may be moved to the extended position.
[0014] The tool main body may comprise a passage or channel in a wall thereof and the magnet
may be adapted for movement within or relative to the passage between the deactivated
and activated positions. The passage may extend in a substantially radial direction,
relative to the tool main body. In embodiments of the invention, the magnet may be
mounted within the passage and may be located within the passage when in the deactivated
position. In alternative embodiments of the invention, the magnet may be located outside
the passage when in the deactivated position and may be moved into and along the passage
during travel from the deactivated position to the activated position.
[0015] The tool may comprise a pressure equalisation valve for facilitating pressure equalisation
between an exterior and an interior of the tool. The valve may be a breather valve
comprising an opening for permitting fluid communication between the exterior and
the interior of the tool. Providing such a valve may avoid the potential for rupture
of components of the tool which may occur where sealed interior components or areas
of the tool are pressurised to atmospheric pressure before being run downhole, which
could otherwise occur when the tool is exposed to the high pressures found downhole.
[0016] The valve may be of a flexible material such as a rubber, elastomeric or like material,
and may comprise an opening in the form of a slit. The valve may also be for restricting
entry of solid particles into the tool interior, whilst permitting fluid communication.
The tool interior may be at least partially filled with a filler fluid, particularly
a lubricant such as an oil, and the filler fluid may be pressurised on exposure to
fluid exterior of the tool. In embodiments of the invention, where the tool includes
a main body having a passage or channel in a wall thereof in which the/each magnet
is mounted for movement, the passage may be filled with filler fluid. This may prevent
or restrict solids, particularly solid particles in drilling fluid, from entering
the passage and thus restricting or preventing movement of the magnet between the
deactivated and activated positions.
[0017] The magnet may be adapted to be biased or urged towards the activated position, and
the tool may comprise a biasing assembly for biasing the magnet towards the activated
position. The tool may comprise a mechanical biasing assembly such as a spring, piston
or the like, or a shoulder or cam surface on an actuating sleeve or mandrel; or an
electro-mechanical biasing assembly such as a solenoid, for urging the magnet towards
the activated position. Alternatively, the tool may comprise a main magnet serving
for cleaning ferrous material from the wellbore and a biasing magnet associated with
the main magnet, for selectively urging the main magnet towards the activated position.
The biasing magnet may be adapted to be located in a position in common pole-to-pole
opposition (for example, N-N or S-S) with the main magnet, to exert a magnetic repulsion
force on the main magnet, thereby urging the main magnet towards the activated position.
[0018] The cleaning tool may comprise a locking arrangement or mechanism for selectively
restraining the magnet in the deactivated position. The locking arrangement may comprise
an inner sleeve or mandrel mounted for movement relative to the main body, movement
of the mandrel serving for moving the magnet between the deactivated and activated
positions. The inner mandrel may be movable between a first position where the magnet
is in the deactivated position, and a further position where the magnet is permitted
to move or is urged to the activated position. It will therefore be understood that
movement of the inner mandrel between said first and further positions may govern
movement of the magnet.
[0019] The inner mandrel may be selectively restrained in the first position to thereby
selectively restrain the magnet in the deactivated position. To achieve this, the
locking arrangement may comprise a shearable pin, screw or the like or a releasable
latch or lock, which may restrain the mandrel in the first position. The shearable
pin may be adapted to shear in response to an applied force to thereby release the
mandrel, permitting the mandrel to move to the further position and thus permitting
the magnet to move to the activated position. The shear pin may be adapted to shear
on application of a determined shear force.
[0020] In preferred embodiments, the tool comprises a valve or ball seat formed in a central
bore or passage of the tool, in particular on or in the inner mandrel. The ball seat
may define an upset or shoulder extending into the central bore of the tool and adapted
to receive a ball valve. In this fashion, a ball travelling through the wellbore may
locate on the ball seat to block or restrict flow through the central bore. This may
facilitate application of a fluid pressure force on the ball seat and thus upon the
inner mandrel. When fluid pressure on the ball is raised above a determined level,
a fluid pressure force may be exerted on the mandrel sufficient to shear the shear
pin to move the mandrel from the first to the further position.
[0021] The ball and/or the ball seat may be deformable, which may facilitate blow-through
of the ball past the ball seat. In this fashion, fluid flow through the central bore
may be resumed following movement of the mandrel to the further position. The cleaning
tool may, for example, comprise a sleeve having a ball seat of the type disclosed
in the Applicant's International Patent Publication No.
WO2004088091.
WO2004088091 discloses a downhole tool which can perform a task in a wellbore, such as circulating
fluid radially from the tool. The function is selectively performed by virtue of a
sleeve moving within a central bore of the tool. Movement of the sleeve is effected
by dropping a ball through a ball seat on the sleeve, and is controlled by an index
sleeve such that the tool can be cycled back to a first operating position by dropping
identical balls through the sleeve. It will be understood that an elevated fluid pressure
force may be required to be applied to the ball in order to blow the ball through
the seat. The tool may comprise a ball catcher for catching or collecting the ball
following blow-through.
[0022] In embodiments of the invention, the magnet may be mounted in or on or otherwise
coupled to the inner mandrel, such that movement of the mandrel between the first
and the further position carries the magnet therewith. Where the tool main body comprises
a passage for receiving the magnet, the mandrel may be movable from the first position,
where the magnet may be misaligned with the passage, and the further position, where
the magnet may be aligned with the passage. This may permit the magnet to enter the
passage and move to the activated position. The mandrel may be restrained against
rotation relative to the main body. This may ensure correct rotational alignment of
the magnet with the passage. The tool may include a key assembly including a track
formed in one of the mandrel and the main body and a key formed in the other one of
the mandrel and the main body, the key arrangement permitting axial movement of the
mandrel relative to the main body but preventing relative rotation.
[0023] In alternative embodiments of the invention, the magnet may be mounted on or in the
tool main body and may in particular be mounted in the passage in the main body. The
magnet may be attracted to the inner mandrel and thus held in the deactivated position.
Following movement of the inner mandrel from the first to the further position, the
magnet may be urged/repelled towards the activated position by the biasing magnet.
[0024] In the activated position, the magnet preferably resides within the circumference
of the tool main body, but may alternatively protrude from an outer surface of the
main body.
[0025] The tool may comprise a no-go, shoulder or the like for restraining movement of the
inner mandrel beyond the further position.
[0026] Preferably, the tool comprises a plurality of magnets. In particular embodiments,
the tool may comprise at least one set of magnets, the set comprising a plurality
of magnets spaced around a circumference of the tool main body.. The magnets in the
set may be mutually equidistantly spaced around the circumference of the main body.
In particular preferred embodiments, the tool comprises a plurality of such sets of
magnets, the sets relatively spaced in a direction along an axial length of the tool
main body. The magnets in adjacent sets may be circumferentially aligned with corresponding
magnets in an adjacent set or sets, or may be staggered. This may facilitate creation
of a spread magnetic field in use of the tool.
[0027] The magnet may be a permanent magnet or an electro-magnet.
[0028] Preferably, the tool comprises a magnetic sub or body portion which houses or defines
the magnets, which portion may form part of the tool main body. The tool may comprise
a stabiliser, centraliser or the like. In a preferred embodiment, the tool comprises
first and second axially spaced stabilisers, with the magnetic sub or portion located
between the stabilisers. The magnetic sub may be of an outer diameter less than the
maximum outer diameter of the stabiliser, to define an annulus or area between the
casing, liner or the like and the outer surface of the magnetic sub. This may provide
a stand-off from the casing inner wall in which ferrous material may be collected
and stored during passage of the tool through the wellbore.
[0029] The tool may comprise a plurality of magnetic subs each housing or defining a respective
magnet. The magnetic subs may be mounted on or around a common inner mandrel, or each
may comprise a respective inner mandrel, and the inner mandrel of one magnetic sub
may be coupled to a corresponding mandrel of an adjacent sub. Thus where the tool
comprises three such magnetic subs, the inner mandrel of a first or upper sub may
be coupled to a second sub, and the inner mandrel of the second sub may be coupled
to a respective mandrel of a third sub.
[0030] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an assembly
for use in cleaning ferrous material from a wellbore, the assembly comprising a plurality
of cleaning tools coupled together, each cleaning tool comprising a cleaning tool
according to the first aspect of the invention.
[0031] Further features of the cleaning tools are defined above in relation to the first
aspect of the present invention.
[0032] Preferably, the cleaning tools are axially spaced, and may be coupled together through
an intermediate tubing, sub, connector or the like. The cleaning tools may be adapted
to be sequentially activated or operated. This may be achieved by landing a ball on
a ball seat of a first tool and activating the tool as described above, and then blowing
the ball through the first tool into a second tool, the ball landing on a ball seat
of the second tool, to activate the second tool. This process may be repeated as necessary
to sequentially activate further tools. The axial spacing of the tools may be selected
such that when the ball is blown through a first tool, it is not caused to be blown
through a further tool located downhole from the first tool, but seats on the valve
seat of the further tool.
[0033] Alternatively, the tools may be coupled together end-to-end, for example, two tools
may be coupled in tandem. The tools may be adapted to be simultaneously activated.
[0034] Preferably also, the magnets of the respective cleaning tools are adapted to be simultaneously
moved to their respective activated positions. In this fashion, each cleaning tool
may be simultaneously activated. To achieve this, the inner mandrels of the tools
may be coupled together. Alternatively, the apparatus may comprise a single inner
mandrel extending between the cleaning tools such that movement of the mandrel from
the first to the further position moves the magnets of the cleaning tools to their
respective activated positions.
[0035] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a drilling
or milling string comprising:
a drilling or milling tool; and a cleaning tool according to the first aspect of the
invention.
[0036] By providing a string including a drilling or milling tool and the cleaning tool,
a drilling or milling operation may be carried out and the cleaning tool may be utilised
to clean the wellbore during tripping out of the string, and thus in a single procedure
or run. This may be of a particular utility during milling of a window in the wall
of a casing, such as during formation of a lateral wellbore.
[0037] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method
as claimed in claim 41.
[0038] Embodiments of the present invention will now be in described, by way of example
only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figs 1 to 5 are longitudinal half-sectional views of a cleaning tool for use in cleaning
ferrous material from a wellbore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the
present invention, and illustrated from top to bottom from Fig 1 through to Fig 5;
Fig 6 is a view of part of the tool corresponding to the view shown in Fig 3, with
a lower half of the Figure illustrating the cleaning tool following movement of a
magnet of the tool from a deactivated position to an activated position;
Fig 7 is an enlarged sectional view of the cleaning tool of Figs 1 to 6, taken about
the line A-A of Fig 3;
Fig 8 is a longitudinal half-sectional view of part of a cleaning tool for use in
cleaning ferrous material from a wellbore in accordance with an alternative embodiment
of the present invention, the tool shown in the upper half of the Figure with a magnet
of the tool in a deactivated position, and in a lower half of the Figure with the
magnet in an activated position;
Fig 9 is a sectional view of the cleaning tool of Fig 8 taken about the line B-B of
Fig 8; and
Fig 10 is a longitudinal half-sectional view of part of a cleaning tool for use in
cleaning ferrous material from a wellbore in accordance with a further alternative
embodiment of the present invention, the tool shown in a deactivated position.
[0039] Turning firstly to Figs 1 to 5, there are shown longitudinal half-sectional views
of a cleaning tool for use in cleaning ferrous material from a wellbore 10 in accordance
with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tool indicated generally
by reference numeral 12 and illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 from top to bottom. The
wellbore 10 is a wellbore of an oil or gas well and has been drilled from surface
through rock formations 14, and lined with a steel casing 16 which has been cemented
in place at 18, in a fashion known in the art. For ease of illustration, the wellbore
10 is only shown in detail in Fig 1. As will be described in more detail below, the
cleaning tool 12 is typically for use in cleaning ferrous material from the wellbore
10 preparatory to completion of the well.
[0040] The cleaning tool 12 generally comprises a tool main body 19 and at least one magnet
20 mounted for selective movement relative to the main body 19 between a deactivated
or retracted position and an activated or extended, operating position which is shown
in the bottom half of Fig 6.
[0041] The cleaning tool 12 is provided as part of a tool string run into the wellbore 10
and may, for example, form part of a drilling or milling string (not shown) including
a milling tool to be used for forming a window in the casing 16. A window may be formed
in the casing 16 as part of a procedure to form a lateral wellbore extending from
and tied into the main bore 10. By providing a string including a drilling or milling
tool and the cleaning tool 12, a drilling or milling operation may be carried out
and the cleaning tool 12 may be utilised to clean the wellbore during tripping out
of the string and thus in a single procedure or run, without requiring a separate
cleaning run subsequent to milling of the window.
[0042] The tool is shown in Figs 1 to 5 in a running-in configuration with the magnet 20
in a deactivated or retracted position. Once the cleaning tool 12 has been located
at a desired position within the wellbore 10, the magnet 20 is moved outwardly to
the activated or extended, operating position of Fig 6. The magnetic field generated
by the magnet 20 serves to attract ferrous material present in the wellbore 10, and
collects such ferrous material during passage of the cleaning tool 12 along the length
of the wellbore 10. Thus by passing the cleaning tool 12 from a downhole location
to surface, ferrous material in the wellbore 10 is collected and returned to surface,
thereby cleaning the well.
[0043] The structure and method of operation of the cleaning tool 12 will now be described
in more detail with reference also to Fig 7, which is a cross-sectional view of the
cleaning tool 12 taken about the line A-A of Fig 3.
[0044] The cleaning tool 12 includes two stabilisers, an upper stabiliser 22 (Fig 2) and
a lower stabiliser 24 (Figs 3 /4) spaced along a length of the tool from the upper
stabiliser 22. The upper stabiliser 22 is provided on an upper sub or portion 26 of
the tool main body 19, whilst the lower stabiliser 24 is provided on a lower sub or
portion 28, which is coupled to the upper portion 26 by a threaded connection 30.
A magnetic section 32 is located between the upper and lower stabilisers 22, 24, and
comprises a number of sets of magnets, five of which are shown in the Figures and
given the reference numerals 34a to e. Each of the sets of magnets 34 comprises five
mutually circumferentially spaced magnets 20, as shown in the sectional view of Fig
7, which illustrates the set 34d.
[0045] The main body 19 includes an outer sleeve 36 which is located around an intermediate
body portion 38, and an inner sleeve 40. Each of the outer sleeve 36 and the intermediate
portion 38 are typically of a non-magnetically conductive steel, whilst the inner
sleeve 40 is typically of a magnetically conductive steel. The intermediate body portion
38 and the inner sleeve 40 form part of a locking arrangement 37, and together define
a number of radial passages or channels 42, with one such passage 42 provided for
each of the magnets 20. Accordingly, a number of sets of such passages 42a to e are
provided for the magnets 20 of the magnet sets 34a to 34e. Also, the inner sleeve
40 is rotationally secured relative to the intermediate body portion 38 by a key assembly
44, and the sleeve 40 is chamfered at 46, to ease passage of the magnets 20, as will
be described below.
[0046] The locking arrangement 37 also includes an inner mandrel 50 which is mounted for
movement relative to the main body 19 along a main bore 52 of the cleaning tool 12.
The mandrel 50 is axially moveable between a first position shown in Figs 1 to 5,
and a further position shown in Fig 6, and is initially held in the first position
by a number of shear screws or pins 54, each of which engages in an axial slot 56
formed in an outer surface of the mandrel 50. The shear screws 54 prevent axial travel
of the mandrel 50 within the main body 19 until such time as the screws have been
sheared, and prevent rotation of the mandrel relative to the body 20. As will be described
below, this ensures that the magnets 20 are axially aligned with the passages 42.
[0047] The mandrel 50 also defines a ball seat 58 in the form of a shoulder or upset extending
inwardly into the main bore 52 and which is shaped to receive a ball (not shown) pumped
downhole through the main bore 52. The ball and/or the ball seat 58 may be deformable,
and may be of the type disclosed in the Applicant's International Patent Publication
No
WO 2004088091. However, it will be understood that alternative structures or arrangements of the
ball and/or ball seat may be utilised.
[0048] When it is desired to activate the cleaning tool 12 and to move the various magnets
20 to their extended positions, a ball is pumped down the tool string through the
tool main bore 52 and is received by the ball seat 58. This causes a restriction to
fluid flow through the tool 12, increasing back-pressure and exerting a fluid pressure
force on the mandrel 50. This increase in pressure is detected at surface, and the
fluid pressure is then ramped up above a threshold level, shearing the screws 54.
The mandrel 50 is then released and travels downwardly, axially aligning the magnets
20 with the passages 42.
[0049] The tool also includes a number of biasing assemblies, one associated with each magnet
20, which are given the reference numeral 60. Each biasing assembly 60 includes a
cup or housing 62 of a conductive steel in which the magnet 20 is mounted, and the
cup 62 is located within a cylindrical recess 64 formed in the mandrel 50 outer surface.
A biasing spring 66 is located between the base of the recess 64 and the cup 62, and
exerts a force on the cup 62, and thus on the magnet 20, tending to urge the magnet
20 radially outwardly. In the retracted position of the magnet 20 shown in Figs 1
to 5, the springs 66 are compressed. As the mandrel 50 travels downwardly, the cups
62 become axially aligned with the respective passages 42 and the cup travels up the
chamfered surface 46 (urged by the spring 66), carrying the magnets 20 to the extended,
operating position shown in Fig 6.
[0050] In the operating position of the magnets 20, the magnets generate a magnetic field
which, for example, in the location X (Fig 6) in close proximity to the outer sleeve
36, has a field strength of around 3,600 Gauss. This contrasts with a field strength
of around only 15 Gauss in the region X when the magnets 20 are in their retracted
positions, as the magnetic field is impeded by the non-conductive intermediate body
portion 38. Similarly, a field strength of only around 40 Gauss is generated in the
central bore 52 near the magnets 20 when in their retracted positions.
[0051] It will therefore be understood that the magnetic field felt by ferrous materials
present in the wellbore when the magnets 20 are in their retracted or deactivated
positions is not sufficiently large to attract the materials to the cleaning tool
12, especially in a fluid flow environment. This ensures that the tool 12 does not
become overloaded with ferrous material until it has been run and located at a desired
position downhole.
[0052] When the magnets 20 have been latched out in their extended positions, the fluid
pressure behind the ball may be again ramped up, to blow the deformable ball through
the ball seat 58, allowing resumption of unrestricted fluid flow through the tool
12. It will be understood that where the ball seat 58 is deformable, the ball may
be blown through by deformation of the seat 58, rather than the ball. However, as
noted above, alternative ball and/or ball seat structures or arrangements may be utilised,
and such structures or arrangements may permit resumption of unrestricted flow. A
suitable ball-catcher (not shown) is provided below the tool 12 to catch the ball
and prevent it being discharged into the well bore.
[0053] The mandrel 50 is held in the position of Fig 6 by a combination of location of the
magnets 20 in their respective passages 42, and the fact that an upper end 68 of the
mandrel 50 experiences a fluid pressure force (due to fluid flow through the main
bore 52) tending to urge the mandrel downwardly. Further downward travel of the mandrel
50 is, however, retained by a shoulder 70 on the lower sub 28, which abuts a collar
72 on a lower end of the mandrel 50.
[0054] With the cleaning tool 12 now activated, a magnetic field is generated which attracts
ferrous material 73 in the wellbore 10 towards the outer sleeve 36. These materials
are held within an annulus 74 defined between the casing 16 and the outer sleeve 36
provided by the stand-off of the sleeve 36 from the casing 16 wall, defined by the
stabilisers 22 and 24. The cleaning tool 12 is then translated along the casing 16
to surface, and ferrous materials in the wellbore 10 are collected in the annulus
74.
[0055] On return of the tool 12 to surface, the mandrel 50 can be returned to the first
position and the magnets 20 returned to their deactivated, retracted positions of
Figs 1 to 5, facilitating release of the ferrous materials. The tool can then be reset
for a further cleaning operation simply by removing the remaining sheared portions
of the screws 54, and replacing the shear screws.
[0056] Turning now to Fig 8, there is shown a longitudinal part-sectional view of a portion
of a cleaning tool for use in cleaning ferrous material from a wellbore in accordance
with an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the cleaning tool indicated
generally by reference numeral 100. The tool 100 is also shown in the cross-sectional
view of Fig 9, which is taken in the direction B-B of Fig 8. Like components of the
tool 100 with the tool 10 of Figs 1 to 7 share the same reference numerals incremented
by 100. However, only the differences between the tool 100 and the tool 10 will be
described herein in detail.
[0057] In the tool 100, magnets 120 are mounted within passages 142 and are thus located
within the passages 142 when in their respective retracted positions, as shown in
the upper half of Fig 8. Each set 134 of magnets 120 includes nine mutually circumferentially
spaced magnets 120.
[0058] The tool 100 includes biasing assemblies 160 associated with each magnet 120, and
the biasing assemblies include biasing magnets 76. The magnets 120 thus form main
magnets serving for cleaning ferrous material from the wellbore 10. The biasing magnets
76 are positioned with their poles in opposite orientation to the poles of the main
magnets 120, and in the illustrated embodiment, the S pole is located radially inwardly.
The tool 100 also includes a keeper plate 78 associated with each magnet 120 and secured
to the mandrel 150. In the first position of the mandrel 150, the main magnets 120
are attracted to the keeper plates 78 and thus held in their deactivated or retracted
positions. When it is desired to move the main magnets 120 to their activated or extended
positions, the mandrel 150 is moved downwardly in the same fashion as the tool 10,
to align the biasing magnets 76 with the main magnets 120. In this position of the
mandrel 150, magnetic repulsion (pole to pole) between the biasing magnets 76 and
the main magnets 120 urges the main magnets 120 radially outwardly along the passages
142 to their extended positions, as shown in the lower half of Fig 8. The main magnets
120 then serve for collecting ferrous material in the same fashion as the cleaning
tool 10.
[0059] Turning now to Fig 10, there is shown is a longitudinal half-sectional view of part
of a cleaning tool for use in cleaning ferrous material from a wellbore, in accordance
with a further alternative embodiment of the present invention, the tool shown in
a deactivated position and indicated generally by reference numeral 200. The tool
200 is in fact similar in structure and operation to the tool 100 shown in Figs 8
and 9, and like components of the tool 200 with the tool 100 share the same reference
numerals, incremented by 100. Only the substantive differences between the tool 200
and the tool 100 will be described herein.
[0060] In Fig. 10, only part of the tool 200 is illustrated, showing a biasing magnet 276e.
It will be understood that the tool 200 includes a number of sets of such magnets
276 spaced circumferentially around the tool, in a similar fashion to the tool 100.
As noted above, the tool 200 is shown in a deactivated position, where the biasing
magnets 276e are axially misaligned with corresponding magnets 220e, which serve for
cleaning the wellbore 10.
[0061] The tool 200 includes a pressure equalisation valve 80, for facilitating pressure
equalisation between the wellbore 10 and an interior area 82 of the tool 200, defined
between an inner mandrel 250 and an intermediate body portion 38. The valve 80 takes
the form of a 'breather' valve, which is of a flexible material such as a rubber,
elastomeric or like material. The breather valve 80 is generally disc-shaped, and
comprises a slit (not shown) cut in the middle that permits fluid communication between
the wellbore 10 and the interior area 82. The valve 80 is held in place by a holder
arrangement 86, comprising a hollow threaded grubscrew 88. In use, the breather valve
80 serves to restrict entry of solid particles into the tool interior area 82, whilst
permitting fluid communication.
[0062] The tool interior area 82 is filled with a filler fluid 84, particularly a lubricant
such as oil. The oil 84 fills each of the passages 242 in which the main magnets 220
are located, however, the main magnets 220 are not sealed relative to walls of the
passages 242, to avoid hydraulic lock and permit the desired movement. The oil 84
is supplied into the area 82 at surface and thus at atmospheric pressure. When the
tool 200 is run-in to the wellbore 10, the oil 84 is pressurised due to the fluid
communication provided through the breather valve 80, but is kept in place by the
breather valve.
[0063] This arrangement of the breather valve 80 and the oil 84 provides numerous advantages.
Specifically, as discussed above in relation to the tool 100, the main magnets 220
are housed at the-bottom of the passages 242 when in their deactivated positions,
and urged to the top of these passages during movement towards their activated positions.
In the tool 100, the intention is that the passages 142 fill with drilling mud or
other fluid present at the top of the well while deploying the tool 100. However,
drilling mud is laden with particulates which can settle out when the mud is vibrated,
such as when the tool 100 is being rotated during drilling. The Applicant anticipates
that such settling or 'decantation' could potentially cause the main magnets 120 of
the tool 100 to become stuck within the respective passages 142, and hence unable
to be moved to their activated positions.
[0064] By filling the passages 242 of the tool 200 with a clean oil 84 at surface, as the
tool 200 is run in the well, the oil 84 in the passages 242 will be pressurised by
allowing some fluid to force entry from the wellbore 10 through the breather valve.
In a similar fashion, the oil 84 will be allowed to depressurise through the breather
valve 80 when pulling out of the well. It will be appreciated by those skilled in
the art of downhole tool design that this is preferred in order to prevent the potential
for the high hydrostatic pressures found downhole from rupturing steel or other components
of the tool 200.
[0065] It will be understood that the tool 10 may be provided with a similar breather valve
to the valve 80 of the tool 10, and may be filled with a lubricating oil.
[0066] Each of the tools 10, 100 or 200 may be provided as part of a tool string comprising
a number of such tools spaced along a length of the string. The cleaning tools 10,
100 or 200 may be sequentially activated by landing a ball on a ball seat of a first
tool 10, 100 or 200, and activating the tool as described above, and then blowing
the ball through the first tool into a second tool 10, 100 or 200, the ball landing
on a ball seat of the second tool, to activate the second tool. This process is repeated
as necessary to sequentially activate further tools if provided. The axial spacing
of the tools is selected such that when the ball is blown through the first tool 10,
100 or 200 it is not caused to be blown through a further tool 10, 100 or 200 located
downhole from the first tool, but seats on the valve seat of the further tool.
[0067] Various modifications may be made to the foregoing without departing from the scope
of the present invention.
[0068] For example, whilst the present invention has been described as a cleaning tool,
assembly and method of cleaning ferrous material from a wellbore, it will be understood
that the invention has uses in relation to cleaning of ferrous materials from alternative
conduits or tubing such as pipelines or other downhole tubing.
[0069] In the assembly comprising a plurality of tools, the tools may be coupled together
end to end. The tools may be adapted to be operated simultaneously, rather than sequentially.
In these circumstances, the mandrels of the respective tools may be connected together
such that when a ball is received on a ball seat of an upper such tool, downward movement
of the mandrel of the upper tool carries each mandrel downwardly, thereby activating
all of the tools simultaneously. A suitable ball catcher would be provided in the
string below the lowermost cleaning tool.
[0070] The tool may comprise a mechanical biasing assembly such as a piston or the like,
or a shoulder or cam surface on an actuating sleeve or mandrel; or an electro-mechanical
biasing assembly such as a solenoid, for urging the magnet towards the extended position.
[0071] In the extended position, the magnet may protrude from an outer surface of the main
body. The magnet may be an electro-magnet.
1. A cleaning tool (12) for use in cleaning ferrous material (73) from a wellbore (10),
the cleaning tool (12) comprising:
a tool main body (19); and
at least one magnet (20) mounted for selective movement relative to the main body
(19) between a deactivated position and an activated position;
characterised in that the deactivated position is located radially inwards of the activated position, relative
to the tool main body (19).
2. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deactivated position of the
at least one magnet (20) is a retracted position and the activated position is an
extended position.
3. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in either of claims 1 or 2, wherein the at least one
magnet (20) is adapted to be selectively restrained in the deactivated position.
4. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the at least one magnet
(20) is adapted to be held in the deactivated position until it is desired to commence
a cleaning operation.
5. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the tool main body
(19) comprises at least one passage (42) in a wall thereof, and wherein the at least
one magnet (20) is adapted for movement relative to the passage (42) between the deactivated
and activated positions.
6. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the at least one passage (42)
extends in a substantially radial direction, relative to the tool main body (19).
7. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in either of claims 5 or 6, wherein the at least one
magnet (120) is located within the passage (142) when in the deactivated position.
8. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in either of claims 5 or 6, wherein the at least one
magnet (20) is located outside the passage (42) when in the deactivated position,
and is adapted to be moved into and along the passage (42) during travel from the
deactivated position to the activated position.
9. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the tool (12) comprises
a pressure equalisation valve (80) for facilitating pressure equalisation between
an exterior and an interior of the tool (12).
10. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the valve (80) is a breather valve
comprising an opening for permitting fluid communication between the exterior and
the interior of the tool (12).
11. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in either of claims 9 or 10, wherein the valve (80)
is adapted to restrict entry of solid particles into the tool interior, whilst permitting
fluid communication.
12. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein an interior of the
tool (12) is at least partially filled with a lubricant fluid (84).
13. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in claim 12, when dependent on claim 5, wherein the
at least one passage (42) contains lubricant fluid (84).
14. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the magnet (20) is
biased towards the activated position.
15. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in claim 14, wherein the tool (12) comprises a mechanical
biasing assembly (60) for biasing the magnet (20) towards the activated position.
16. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in claim 14, wherein the tool (12) comprises at least
one main magnet (120) for cleaning ferrous material (73) from the wellbore (10) and
a corresponding at least one biasing magnet (76) associated with the main magnet (120),
for selectively urging the main magnet (120) towards the activated position.
17. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in claim 16, wherein the at least one biasing magnet
(76) is adapted to be located in a position in common pole-to-pole opposition with
the main magnet (120), to exert a magnetic repulsion force on the main magnet (120),
thereby urging the main magnet (120) towards the activated position.
18. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the cleaning tool
(12) comprises a locking mechanism (37) for selectively restraining the at least one
magnet (20) in the deactivated position.
19. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising an inner mandrel
(50) mounted for movement relative to the main body (19), and wherein movement of
the mandrel (50) serves for moving the at least one magnet (20) between the deactivated
and activated positions.
20. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in claim 19, wherein the inner mandrel (50) is movable
between a first position where the at least one magnet (20) is in the deactivated
position, and a further position where the at least one magnet (20) is permitted to
move to the activated position.
21. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in claim 20, wherein the inner mandrel (50) is selectively
restrained in the first position to thereby selectively restrain the at least one
magnet (20) in the deactivated position.
22. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in either of claims 20 or 21, wherein the at least
one magnet (20) is coupled to the inner mandrel (50) such that movement of the mandrel
(50) between the first and the further position carries the magnet (20) therewith.
23. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in claim 22, wherein the tool main body (19) comprises
at least one passage (42) in a wall thereof, the at least one magnet (20) being adapted
for movement relative to the passage (42) between the deactivated and activated positions,
and wherein the mandrel (50) is movable from the first position, where the magnet
(20) is misaligned with the passage (42), and the further position, where the magnet
(20) is aligned with the passage (42).
24. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 23, wherein the tool (12)
includes a key assembly (44) including a track formed in one of the mandrel (50) and
the main body (19) and a key formed in the other one of the mandrel (50) and the main
body (19), the key assembly (44) permitting axial movement of the mandrel (50) relative
to the main body (19) but preventing relative rotation.
25. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein the at least
one magnet (120) is mounted in the tool main body (19) and held in the deactivated
position by magnetic attraction with the inner mandrel (150).
26. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in claim 25, when dependent on claim 16, wherein following
movement of the inner mandrel (150) from the first to the further position, the at
least one main magnet (120) is urged towards the activated position by the at least
one biasing magnet (76).
27. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein in the activated position,
the at least one magnet (20) resides within the circumference of the tool main body
(19).
28. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein in the activated
position, the at least one magnet (20) protrudes from an outer surface of the main
body (19).
29. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the tool (12) comprises
a ball seat (58) formed in a central bore (52) of the tool (12), the ball seat (58)
defining an upset extending into the central bore (52) and adapted to receive a ball
valve for movement of the at least one magnet (20) to the activated position.
30. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in claim 29, when dependent on claim 19, wherein the
ball seat (58) is formed on the inner mandrel (50).
31. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the tool (12) comprises
at least one set (34) of magnets, the set (34) comprising a plurality of magnets (20)
spaced around a circumference of the tool main body (19).
32. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in claim 31, wherein the tool (12) comprises a plurality
of such sets (34) of magnets, the sets (34) relatively spaced in a direction along
an axial length of the tool main body (19).
33. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any either of claims 31 or 32, wherein the tool
(12) comprises a magnetic sub (32) which houses the magnets (20).
34. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in claim 33, wherein the magnetic sub (32) is located
axially between upper and lower stabilisers (22, 24) on the tool body (19), an outer
diameter of the sub (32) being less than the maximum outer diameter of the stabilisers
(22, 24), to define an annulus in which ferrous material (73) is collected and stored
during passage of the tool (12) through the wellbore (10).
35. A cleaning tool (12) as claimed in either of claims 33 or 34, wherein the tool (12)
comprises a plurality of magnetic subs (32) each housing respective magnets (20),
and wherein the magnetic subs (32) are mounted around a common inner mandrel (50)
for urging the magnets (20) towards their activated positions.
36. An assembly for use in cleaning ferrous material (73) from a wellbore (10), the assembly
comprising a plurality of cleaning tools (12) coupled together, each cleaning tool
(12) comprising a cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any of claims 1 to 35.
37. An assembly as claimed in claim 36, wherein the cleaning tools (12) are adapted to
be sequentially activated.
38. An assembly as claimed in claim 37, wherein the cleaning tools (12) are adapted to
be sequentially activated by landing a ball on a ball seat (58) of a first tool to
activate the first tool, and then blowing the ball through the first tool into a further
tool, to activate the further tool.
39. An assembly as claimed in claim 36, wherein the tools (12) are coupled together end-to-end
and adapted to be simultaneously activated.
40. A drilling or milling string comprising:
a drilling or milling tool; and
a cleaning tool (12) as claimed in any of claims 1 to 35.
41. A method of cleaning ferrous material (73) from a wellbore (10), the method comprising
the steps of:
running a cleaning tool (12) into a wellbore (10) to be cleaned with a magnet (20)
of the cleaning tool (12) in a deactivated position;
moving the magnet (20) from the deactivated position to an activated position; and
translating the cleaning tool (12) relative to the wellbore (10) to collect ferrous
material (73) present in the wellbore (10);
characterised in that the step of moving the magnet (20) from the deactivated position to the activated
position comprises moving the magnet (20) radially outwards relative to a main body
(19) of the cleaning tool (12).
1. Ein Reinigungswerkzeug (12) zur Verwendung beim Reinigen eines Bohrlochs (10) von
eisenhaltigem Material (73), wobei das Reinigungswerkzeug (12) Folgendes beinhaltet:
einen Werkzeughauptkörper (19) und
mindestens einen Magnet (20), der zur selektiven Bewegung relativ zu dem Hauptkörper
(19) zwischen einer deaktivierten Position und einer aktivierten Position montiert
ist;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die deaktivierte Position relativ zu dem Werkzeughauptkörper (19) radial einwärts
von der aktivierten Position befindet.
2. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die deaktivierte Position des mindestens
einen Magnets (20) eine eingefahrene Position ist und die aktivierte Position eine
ausgefahrene Position ist.
3. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei der mindestens eine
Magnet (20) angepasst ist, um in der deaktivierten Position selektiv zurückgehalten
zu werden.
4. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der mindestens
eine Magnet (20) angepasst ist, um in der deaktivierten Position gehalten zu werden,
bis gewünscht wird, einen Reinigungsvorgang zu starten.
5. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Werkzeughauptkörper
(19) in einer Wand davon mindestens einen Durchgang (42) beinhaltet, und wobei der
mindestens eine Magnet (20) zu einer zu dem Durchgang (42) relativen Bewegung zwischen
der deaktivierten und der aktivierten Position angepasst ist.
6. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei sich der mindestens eine Durchgang
(42) relativ zu dem Werkzeughauptkörper (19) in einer im Wesentlichen radialen Richtung
erstreckt.
7. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, wobei sich der mindestens
eine Magnet (120) innerhalb des Durchgangs (142) befindet, wenn in der deaktivierten
Position.
8. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, wobei sich der mindestens
eine Magnet (20) außerhalb des Durchgangs (42) befindet, wenn in der deaktivierten
Position, und angepasst ist, um während des Wegs aus der deaktivierten Position in
die aktivierte Position in den und entlang dem Durchgang (42) bewegt zu werden.
9. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Werkzeug
(12) ein Druckausgleichsventil (80) zum Erleichtern des Druckausgleichs zwischen einem
Äußeren und einem Inneren des Werkzeugs (12) beinhaltet.
10. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß Anspruch 9, wobei das Ventil (80) ein Entlüftungsventil
ist, das eine Öffnung beinhaltet, um eine Fluidverbindung zwischen dem Äußeren und
dem Inneren des Werkzeugs (12) zu erlauben.
11. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, wobei das Ventil (80)
angepasst ist, um den Eintritt von festen Teilchen in das Werkzeuginnere zu beschränken,
während die Fluidverbindung erlaubt ist.
12. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein Inneres
des Werkzeugs (12) mindestens teilweise mit einem Schmierfluid (84) gefüllt ist.
13. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß Anspruch 12, wenn von Anspruch 5 abhängig, wobei der
mindestens eine Durchgang (42) Schmierfluid (84) enthält.
14. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Magnet
(20) in Richtung der aktivierten Position vorgespannt ist.
15. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß Anspruch 14, wobei das Werkzeug (12) eine mechanische
Vorspannanordnung (60) zum Vorspannen des Magnets (20) in Richtung der aktivierten
Position beinhaltet.
16. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß Anspruch 14, wobei das Werkzeug (12) mindestens einen
Hauptmagnet (120) zum Reinigen des Bohrlochs (10) von eisenhaltigem Material (73)
und einen entsprechenden mindestens einen Vorspannmagnet (76), welcher dem Hauptmagnet
(120) zugehörig ist, zum selektiven Drängen des Hauptmagnets (120) in Richtung der
aktivierten Position beinhaltet.
17. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß Anspruch 16, wobei der mindestens eine Vorspannmagnet
(76) angepasst ist, um sich in einer Position in gemeinsamer Pol-an-Pol-Gegenüberstellung
mit dem Hauptmagnet (120) zu befinden, um eine magnetische abstoßende Kraft auf den
Hauptmagnet (120) auszuüben, wodurch der Hauptmagnet (120) in Richtung der aktivierten
Position gedrängt wird.
18. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Reinigungswerkzeug
(12) einen Sperrmechanismus (37) zum selektiven Zurückhalten des mindestens einen
Magnets (20) in der deaktivierten Position beinhaltet.
19. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, das einen Innendorn
(50) beinhaltet, der zur Bewegung relativ zu dem Hauptkörper (19) montiert ist, und
wobei die Bewegung des Dorns (50) dazu dient, den mindestens einen Magnet (20) zwischen
der deaktivierten und der aktivierten Position zu bewegen.
20. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß Anspruch 19, wobei der Innendorn (50) zwischen einer
ersten Position, in der der mindestens eine Magnet (20) in der deaktivierten Position
ist, und einer weiteren Position, in der dem mindestens einen Magnet (20) erlaubt
ist, sich in die aktivierte Position zu bewegen, bewegbar ist.
21. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß Anspruch 20, wobei der Innendorn (50) selektiv in der
ersten Position zurückgehalten wird, um dadurch den mindestens einen Magnet (20) selektiv in der deaktivierten Position zurückzuhalten.
22. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 20 oder 21, wobei der mindestens
eine Magnet (20) so an den Innendorn (50) gekoppelt ist, dass die Bewegung des Dorns
(50) zwischen der ersten und der weiteren Position den Magnet (20) mit sich trägt.
23. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß Anspruch 22, wobei der Werkzeughauptkörper (19) in einer
Wand davon mindestens einen Durchgang (42) beinhaltet, wobei der mindestens eine Magnet
(20) zu einer zu dem Durchgang (42) relativen Bewegung zwischen der deaktivierten
und der aktivierten Position angepasst ist, und wobei der Dorn (50) aus der ersten
Position, in der der Magnet (20) von dem Durchgang (42) versetzt ist, in die weitere
Position, in der der Magnet (20) nach dem Durchgang (42) ausgerichtet ist, bewegbar
ist.
24. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 23, wobei das Werkzeug (12)
eine Keilanordnung (44) umfasst, die eine in einem von dem Dorn (50) und dem Hauptkörper
(19) gebildete Führungsbahn und einen in dem anderen von dem Dorn (50) und dem Hauptkörper
(19) gebildeten Keil umfasst, wobei die Keilanordnung (44) eine Axialbewegung des
Dorns (50) relativ zu dem Hauptkörper (19) erlaubt, jedoch eine relative Drehung verhindert.
25. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 21, wobei der mindestens
eine Magnet (120) in dem Werkzeughauptkörper (19) montiert ist und durch magnetische
Anziehung mit dem Dorn (150) in der deaktivierten Position gehalten wird.
26. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß Anspruch 25, wenn von Anspruch 16 abhängig, wobei im
Anschluss an eine Bewegung des Innendorns (150) aus der ersten in die weitere Position
der mindestens eine Hauptmagnet (120) durch den mindestens einen Vorspannmagnet (76)
in Richtung der aktivierten Position gedrängt wird.
27. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der mindestens
eine Magnet (20) in der aktivierten Position innerhalb des Umfangs des Werkzeughauptkörpers
(19) bleibt.
28. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 26, wobei der mindestens eine
Magnet (20) in der aktivierten Position von einer Außenoberfläche des Hauptkörpers
(19) vorsteht.
29. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Werkzeug
(12) einen in einer Mittelbohrung (52) des Werkzeugs (12) gebildeten Kugelsitz (58)
beinhaltet, wobei der Kugelsitz (58) eine Stauchung definiert, die sich in die Mittelbohrung
(52) erstreckt, und angepasst ist, um ein Kugelventil zur Bewegung des mindestens
einen Magnets (20) in die aktivierte Position aufzunehmen.
30. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß Anspruch 29, wenn von Anspruch 19 abhängig, wobei der
Kugelsitz (58) auf dem Innendorn (50) gebildet ist.
31. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Werkzeug
(12) mindestens einen Satz (34) Magneten beinhaltet, wobei der Satz (34) eine Vielzahl
von Magneten (20) beinhaltet, die um einen Umfang des Werkzeughauptkörpers (19) mit
Abstand voneinander angeordnet sind.
32. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß Anspruch 31, wobei das Werkzeug (12) eine Vielzahl solcher
Sätze (34) Magneten beinhaltet, wobei die Sätze (34) in einer Richtung entlang einer
Axiallänge des Werkzeughauptkörpers (19) relativ mit Abstand voneinander angeordnet
sind.
33. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 31 oder 32, wobei das
Werkzeug (12) ein magnetisches Zwischenstück (32), welches die Magneten (20) unterbringt,
beinhaltet.
34. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß Anspruch 33, wobei sich das magnetische Zwischenstück
(32) axial zwischen einem oberen und einem unteren Stabilisator (22, 24) auf dem Werkzeugkörper
(19) befindet, wobei ein Außendurchmesser des Zwischenstücks (32) geringer als der
maximale Außendurchmesser der Stabilisatoren (22, 24) ist, um einen Ringraum zu definieren,
in dem während des Durchgangs des Werkzeugs (12) durch das Bohrloch (10) eisenhaltiges
Material (73) gesammelt und gelagert wird.
35. Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 33 oder 34, wobei das Werkzeug (12)
eine Vielzahl von magnetischen Zwischenstücken (32), von denen jedes jeweilige Magneten
(20) unterbringt, beinhaltet, und wobei die magnetischen Zwischenstücke (32) um einen
gemeinsamen Innendorn (50) montiert sind, um die Magneten (20) in Richtung ihrer aktivierten
Positionen zu drängen.
36. Eine Anordnung zur Verwendung beim Reinigen eines Bohrlochs (10) von eisenhaltigem
Material (73), wobei die Anordnung eine Vielzahl von aneinander gekoppelten Reinigungswerkzeugen
(12) beinhaltet, wobei jedes Reinigungswerkzeug (12) ein Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß
einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 35 beinhaltet.
37. Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 36, wobei die Reinigungswerkzeuge (12) angepasst sind, um
sequentiell aktiviert zu werden.
38. Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 37, wobei die Reinigungswerkzeuge (12) angepasst sind, um
sequentiell aktiviert zu werden, indem eine Kugel auf einem Kugelsitz (58) eines ersten
Werkzeugs landet, um das erste Werkzeug zu aktivieren, und dann die Kugel durch das
erste Werkzeug in ein weiteres Werkzeug geblasen wird, um das weitere Werkzeug zu
aktivieren.
39. Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 36, wobei die Werkzeuge (12) Ende-an-Ende aneinander gekoppelt
und angepasst sind, um simultan aktiviert zu werden.
40. Ein Bohr- oder Frässtrang, der Folgendes beinhaltet:
ein Bohr- oder Fräswerkzeug und
ein Reinigungswerkzeug (12) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 35.
41. Ein Verfahren zum Reinigen eines Bohrlochs (10) von eisenhaltigem Material (73), wobei
das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte beinhaltet:
Einlassen eines Reinigungswerkzeugs (12) in ein zu reinigendes Bohrloch (10), wobei
ein Magnet (20) des Reinigungswerkzeugs (12) in einer deaktivierten Position ist;
Bewegen des Magnets (20) aus der deaktivierten Position in eine aktivierte Position
und
Verschieben des Reinigungswerkzeugs (12) relativ zu dem Bohrloch (10), um in dem Bohrloch
(10) vorhandenes eisenhaltiges Material (73) zu sammeln;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt des Bewegens des Magnets (20) aus der deaktivierten Position in die aktivierte
Position das Radial-nach-außen-Bewegen des Magnets (20) relativ zu einem Hauptkörper
(19) des Reinigungswerkzeugs (12) beinhaltet.
1. Un outil de nettoyage (12) destiné à être utilisé pour nettoyer du matériau ferreux
(73) provenant d'un puits de forage (10), l'outil de nettoyage (12) comprenant :
un corps principal d'outil (19) ; et
au moins un aimant (20) monté pour se déplacer de façon sélective par rapport au corps
principal (19) entre une position désactivée et une position activée ;
caractérisé en ce que la position désactivée est située radialement vers l'intérieur de la position activée,
par rapport au corps principal d'outil (19).
2. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, où la position
désactivée de cet au moins un aimant (20) est une position rétractée et la position
activée est une position étendue.
3. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans soit la revendication 1, soit la
revendication 2, où cet au moins un aimant (20) est adapté pour être retenu de façon
sélective dans la position désactivée.
4. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans n'importe quelle revendication
précédente, où cet au moins un aimant (20) est adapté pour être maintenu dans la position
désactivée jusqu'à ce que l'on souhaite commencer une opération de nettoyage
5. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans n'importe quelle revendication
précédente, où le corps principal d'outil (19) comprend au moins un passage (42) dans
une paroi de celui-ci, et où cet au moins un aimant (20) est adapté pour se déplacer
par rapport au passage (42) entre la position désactivée et la position activée.
6. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 5, où cet au moins
un passage (42) s'étend dans une direction substantiellement radiale, par rapport
au corps principal d'outil (19).
7. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans soit la revendication 5, soit la
revendication 6, où cet au moins un aimant (120) est situé au sein du passage (142)
lorsqu'il est dans la position désactivée.
8. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans soit la revendication 5, soit la
revendication 6, où cet au moins un aimant (20) est situé à l'extérieur du passage
(42) lorsqu'il est dans la position désactivée, et est adapté pour être rentré dans
le passage (42) et être déplacé le long de celui-ci durant sa course de la position
désactivée à la position activée.
9. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans n'importe quelle revendication
précédente, où l'outil (12) comprend une soupape d'égalisation de pression (80) pour
faciliter l'égalisation de la pression entre un extérieur et un intérieur de l'outil
(12).
10. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 9, où la soupape
(80) est une soupape de respiration comprenant une ouverture pour permettre la communication
de fluide entre l'extérieur et l'intérieur de l'outil (12).
11. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans soit la revendication 9, soit la
revendication 10, où la soupape (80) est adaptée pour restreindre l'entrée de particules
solides dans l'intérieur de l'outil, tout en permettant la communication de fluide.
12. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans n'importe quelle revendication
précédente, où un intérieur de l'outil (12) est au moins partiellement rempli d'un
fluide lubrifiant (84).
13. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 12, lorsqu'elle
dépend de la revendication 5, où cet au moins un passage (42) contient du fluide lubrifiant
(84).
14. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans n'importe quelle revendication
précédente, où l'aimant (20) est décalé en direction de la position activée.
15. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 14, où l'outil
(12) comprend un assemblage de décalage mécanique (60) destiné à décaler l'aimant
(20) en direction de la position activée.
16. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 14, où l'outil
(12) comprend au moins un aimant principal (120) destiné à nettoyer du matériau ferreux
(73) provenant du puits de forage (10) et au moins un aimant de décalage correspondant
(76) associé à l'aimant principal (120), destiné à pousser de façon sélective l'aimant
principal (120) en direction de la position activée.
17. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 16, où cet au
moins un aimant de décalage (76) est adapté pour être situé dans une position en opposition
pole à pole commune avec l'aimant principal (120) pour exercer une force de répulsion
magnétique sur l'aimant principal (120), poussant de ce fait l'aimant principal (120)
en direction de la position activée.
18. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans n'importe quelle revendication
principale, où l'outil de nettoyage (12) comprend un mécanisme de verrouillage (37)
destiné à retenir de façon sélective cet au moins un aimant (20) dans la position
désactivée.
19. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans n'importe quelle revendication
principale, comprenant un mandrin interne (50) monté de façon à se déplacer par rapport
au corps principal (19), et où le déplacement du mandrin (50) sert à déplacer cet
au moins un aimant (20) entre la position activée et la position désactivée.
20. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 19, où le mandrin
interne (50) peut être déplacé entre une première position où cet au moins un aimant
(20) est dans la position désactivée, et une nouvelle position où il est permis à
cet au moins un aimant (20) de se déplacer vers la position activée.
21. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 20, où le mandrin
interne (50) est retenu de façon sélective dans la première position pour, de ce fait,
retenir de façon sélective cet au moins un aimant (20) dans la position désactivée.
22. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué soit dans la revendication 20, soit
dans la revendication 21, où cet au moins un aimant (20) est couplé au mandrin interne
(50) de façon à ce que le déplacement du mandrin (50) entre la première position et
la nouvelle position entraîne l'aimant (20) avec lui.
23. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 22, où le corps
principal d'outil (19) comprend au moins un passage (42) dans une paroi de celui-ci,
cet au moins un aimant (20) étant adapté pour être déplacé par rapport au passage
(42) entre la position désactivée et la position activée, et où le mandrin (50) peut
être déplacé de la première position, où l'aimant (20) est en désalignement avec le
passage (42), à la nouvelle position, où l'aimant (20) est en alignement avec le passage
(42).
24. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans n'importe laquelle des revendications
19 à 23, où l'outil (12) inclut un assemblage à clavette (44) incluant une piste formée
dans un élément d'entre le mandrin (50) et le corps principal (19) et une clavette
formée dans l'autre élément d'entre le mandrin (50) et le corps principal (19), l'assemblage
à clavette (44) permettant le déplacement axial du mandrin (50) par rapport au corps
principal (19) mais empêchant la rotation relative.
25. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans n'importe laquelle des revendications
19 à 21, où cet au moins un aimant (120) est monté dans le corps principal d'outil
(19) et maintenu dans la position désactivée par attraction magnétique avec le mandrin
interne (150).
26. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 25, lorsqu'elle
dépend de la revendication 16, où, suite au déplacement du mandrin interne (150) de
la première position à la nouvelle position, cet au moins un aimant principal (120)
est poussé en direction de la position activée par cet au moins un aimant de décalage
(76).
27. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans n'importe quelle revendication
précédente, où, dans la position activée, cet au moins un aimant (20) réside au sein
de la circonférence du corps principal d'outil (19).
28. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans n'importe laquelle des revendications
1 à 26, où, dans la position activée, cet au moins un aimant (20) fait saillie d'une
surface externe du corps principal (19).
29. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans n'importe quelle revendication
précédente, où l'outil (12) comprend une embase de bille (58) formée dans un alésage
central (52) de l'outil (12), l'embase de bille (58) définissant un décrochement s'étendant
dans l'alésage central (52) et adaptée pour recevoir une soupape à bille destinée
à déplacer cet au moins un aimant (20) vers la position activée.
30. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 29, lorsqu'elle
dépend de la revendication 19, où l'embase de bille (58) est formée sur le mandrin
interne (50).
31. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans n'importe quelle revendication
précédente, où l'outil (12) comprend au moins un jeu (34) d'aimants, le jeu (34) comprenant
une pluralité d'aimants (20) espacés autour d'une circonférence du corps principal
d'outil (19).
32. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 31, où l'outil
(12) comprend une pluralité de ces jeux (34) d'aimants, les jeux (34) étant espacés
les uns par rapport aux autres le long d'une longueur axiale du corps d'outil principal
(19).
33. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans soit la revendication 31, soit
la revendication 32, où l'outil (12) comprend une pièce de raccordement magnétique
(32) dans laquelle sont logés les aimants (20).
34. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 33, où la pièce
de raccordement magnétique (32) est située de façon axiale entre des stabilisateurs
supérieur et inférieur (22, 24) sur le corps d'outil (19), un diamètre externe de
la pièce de raccordement (32) étant inférieur au diamètre externe maximum des stabilisateurs
(22, 24), pour définir un espace annulaire dans lequel du matériau ferreux (73) est
recueilli et stocké durant le passage de l'outil (12) dans le puits de forage (10).
35. Un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans soit la revendication 33, soit
la revendication 34, où l'outil (12) comprend une pluralité de pièces de raccordement
magnétiques (32) dans chacune desquelles sont logés des aimants respectifs (20), et
où les pièces de raccordement magnétiques (32) sont montées autour d'un mandrin interne
commun (50) destiné à pousser les aimants (20) en direction de leurs positions activées.
36. Un assemblage destiné à être utilisé pour nettoyer du matériau ferreux (73) provenant
d'un puits de forage (10), l'assemblage comprenant une pluralité d'outils de nettoyage
(12) couplés ensemble, chaque outil de nettoyage (12) comprenant un outil de nettoyage
(12) tel que revendiqué dans n'importe lesquelles des revendications 1 à 35.
37. Un assemblage tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 36, dans lequel les outils
de nettoyage (12) sont adaptés pour être activés de façon séquentielle.
38. Un assemblage tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 37, où les outils de nettoyage
(12) sont adaptés pour être activés de façon séquentielle en faisant atterrir une
bille sur une embase de bille (58) d'un premier outil pour activer le premier outil,
et en soufflant ensuite la bille à travers le premier outil jusque dans un nouvel
outil, pour activer le nouvel outil.
39. Un assemblage tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 36, où les outils (12) sont
couplés ensemble bout à bout et adaptés pour être activés de façon simultanée.
40. Un train de forage ou de fraisage comprenant:
un outil de forage ou de fraisage ; et
un outil de nettoyage (12) tel que revendiqué dans n'importe lesquelles des revendications
1 à 35.
41. Une méthode pour nettoyer du matériau ferreux (73) provenant d'un puits de forage
(10), la méthode comprenant les étapes consistant à :
faire passer un outil de nettoyage (12) dans un puits de forage (10) devant être nettoyé
avec un aimant (20) de l'outil de nettoyage (12) dans une position désactivée ;
déplacer l'aimant (20) de la position désactivée à une position activée ; et
translater l'outil de nettoyage (12) par rapport au puits de forage (10) pour recueillir
du matériau ferreux (73) présent dans le puits de forage (10) ;
caractérisée en ce que l'étape de déplacer l'aimant (20) de la position désactivée à la position activée
comprend déplacer l'aimant (20) radialement vers l'extérieur par rapport à un corps
principal (19) de l'outil de nettoyage (12).
REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION
This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only.
It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has
been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and
the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.
Patent documents cited in the description