TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to steam generators and more particularly to a steam
generator including an external probe housing unit.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Steam cookers have been successfully employed by restaurants, hospitals and other
food service operations to prepare quickly and conveniently large quantities of food.
Steam cookers typically include a steam generator that is used to generate steam for
delivery to a cooking chamber. Conditions within the steam generator may be monitored
to provide effective steam generation. For example, a control system has been proposed
to maintain a predetermined water level within a heating chamber of a steam generator.
The control system signals when the water level reaches a predetermined second low
water level and cuts off delivery of fuel to the steam generator in the event that
the water level drops to a dangerous or predetermined third low water level. The control
system utilizes horizontally oriented, vertically spaced-apart electrodes that extend
horizontally into a tubular member in communication with the steam generator. The
electrodes are used to detect the water level within the tubular member which corresponds
to the water level within the steam generator. Vertically oriented, horizontally spaced-apart
electrodes have also been proposed.
SUMMARY
[0003] In an aspect, a steam generator for use with a steam cooker includes a heating chamber
defining a volume for holding water. A heating system is associated with the heating
chamber that is configured to heat water in the heating chamber so as to generate
steam. An external probe housing unit is in communication with the heating chamber.
The external probe housing unit includes a housing part defining a cavity therein.
The housing part includes a first end through which water passes to and from the heating
chamber, a second end opposite the first end, a top, a bottom and sides extending
between the ends. A first probe support surface is located at a first probe receiving
portion at the top of the housing part and a second probe support surface located
at a second probe receiving portion at the top of the housing part. The first probe
support surface is offset vertically from the second probe support surface.
[0004] In another aspect, a method of monitoring operating conditions within a steam generator
is provided. The method includes connecting an external probe housing unit to an outer
surface of a steam generator to provide communication between a heating chamber of
the steam generator and a cavity of the external probe housing unit. The external
probe housing unit includes a housing part defining the cavity therein. The housing
part includes a first end through which water passes to and from the heating chamber,
a second end opposite the first end, a top, a bottom and sides extending between the
ends. A first probe support surface is located at a first probe receiving portion
at the top of the housing part and a second probe support surface is located at a
second probe receiving portion at the top of the housing part. The first probe support
surface is offset vertically from the second probe support surface. A first water
level is detected within the cavity using a first water level probe supported by the
first probe support surface and extending downward into the cavity. A second water
level is detected within the cavity using a second water level probe supported by
the second probe support surface and extending downward into the cavity.
[0005] In another aspect, a steam generator for use with a steam cooker includes a heating
chamber defining a volume for holding water. The heating chamber has a sidewall portion
including an opening. A heating system is associated with the heating chamber, the
heating system being configured to heat water in the heating chamber so as to generate
steam. An external probe housing unit is connected to the sidewall portion of the
heating chamber at the opening. The external probe housing unit includes a housing
part defining a cavity therein. The housing part includes a first end through which
water passes to and from the heating chamber through the opening of the sidewall portion,
a second end opposite the first end, a top, a bottom and sides extending between the
ends. A first water level probe extends through the housing part at the top of the
housing part. A second water level probe extends through the housing part at the top
of the housing part. A lower tip of the first water level probe is located at a higher
elevation than a lower tip of the second water level probe. A baffle structure is
sized and located to limit migration of surface level turbulence from the heating
chamber into the cavity of the external probe housing unit.
[0006] The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings
and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent
from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a low pressure steam cooker including steam
generator with an embodiment of an external probe housing unit;
[0008] Fig. 2A is a side view of the external probe housing unit of Fig. 1 with certain
components removed;
[0009] Fig. 2B is an end view of the external probe housing unit of Fig. 2A;
[0010] Fig. 2C is a top view of the external housing unit of Fig. 2A;
[0011] Fig. 3 is a side view of the external housing unit of Fig. 1 with a side removed;
[0012] Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of an embodiment of a control system for the
steam cooker of Fig. 1;
[0013] Fig. 5 is a side section view of the external probe housing unit of Fig. 1;
[0014] Fig. 6 is a front, exploded view of an embodiment of a housing part of the external
probe housing unit of Fig. 1;
[0015] Fig. 7 is a side view of another embodiment of an external probe housing unit;
[0016] Fig. 8A is a side view of another embodiment of an external probe housing unit suitable
for use with a high pressure steam cooker;
[0017] Fig. 8B is a front view of the external probe housing unit of Fig. 8A; and
[0018] Fig. 8C is a top view of the external probe housing unit of Fig. 8A.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] Referring to Fig. 1, a low-pressure steam cooker 10 includes a steam generator 12
for generating steam and a cooking chamber 14 that is in communication with the steam
generator. The cooking chamber 14 may be formed by an insulated housing and includes
an access opening with a door 15 that is movable between open and closed conditions.
The steam generator 12 includes a heating chamber 18 where steam is generated under
relatively low pressure conditions (e.g., in some embodiments, at most about five
psi, such as about three psi). As indicated by the dotted lines, in some embodiments,
a steam superheater 20 may be used to superheat steam traveling from the heating chamber
18 to the cooking chamber 14.
[0020] Disposed within the heating chamber 18 is a gas heat exchanger 22 in the form of
a submerged heat exchange tube. As shown, heat exchanger 22 includes a helical portion
24, however, any suitable design can be used. The heat exchanger 22 is connected to
a burner unit 26 (e.g., a metal fiber, fan-driven burner having a stainless steel
mesh and stainless steel tube, such as a Model BCT0027, available from N.V. Acotech
S.A., Kennesaw, GA) that is capable of generating hot gases for delivery to the heat
exchanger. Heat exchanger 22 is located in the heating chamber 18 such that it can
be in a heat exchange relationship with water disposed therein. While the illustrated
heat exchange relationship with the water is via submersion of the heat exchanger
22, it is possible that hot gas could pass through ducts that are not submerged, such
as ducts that run along the exterior wall of the heating chamber 18. Likewise, the
heat exchanger 22 could be in the nature of a resistive type heating element.
[0021] The heating chamber 18 includes an inlet 28 for ingress of water into the heating
chamber from a water source (not shown) and an outlet 30 for egress of water from
the heating chamber (as when the chamber is to be drained). A valve (not shown) is
opened and closed to control water flow into the heating chamber, e.g., to maintain
a desired water level within the heating chamber 18 during steam production. A valve
32 is used to control the flow rate of steam into the cooking chamber (in some embodiments,
the flow rate of steam into the cooking chamber is between about 35 and about 90 pounds
per hour, such as about 50 pounds per hour where the volume of the cooking chamber
is between about 164 and 245 cubic inches).
[0022] An external probe housing unit 34 is used to monitor operating conditions of the
steam generator 12. The external probe housing 34 is connected to an outer surface
36 of the steam generator 12 (such as by welding or any other suitable method) as
shown. The external probe housing unit 34 includes a cavity 38 that is in communication
with the heating chamber 18. The communication between the cavity 38 and the heating
chamber 18 allows for passage of water between the cavity and heating chamber and
provides similar pressure and temperature conditions within the cavity as are present
within the heating chamber.
[0023] The external probe housing unit 34 includes water level probes 42, 44 and 46 for
monitoring the water level within the cavity 38, a pressure sensor 48 for monitoring
pressure conditions within the cavity and a temperature sensor 50 for monitoring temperature
of water located in the cavity. The probes 42, 44, 46, the pressure sensor 48 and
the temperature sensor 50 are connected to a controller to provide a signal thereto
indicative of water level, pressure and temperature, respectively, within the cavity.
A fluid line 52 is connected to the external probe housing unit 34, which is used
to deliver a flushing material (e.g., a scale clean, delime release agent) for use
in breaking scale build-up from the external probe housing unit during a flushing
operation.
[0024] Figs. 2A-2C show the external probe housing unit 34 with the water level probes 42,
44, 46, pressure sensor 48, temperature sensor 50 and fluid line 52 removed for clarity.
The external probe housing unit 34 includes a housing part 54 forming the cavity 38
with a top 56, a bottom 58, an open end 60, an end 62 opposite the open end and sides
64 and 66 extending between the ends 60, 62. Located at the top 56 of the housing
part 54 are stepped portions 68, 70 and 72. Stepped portions 68, 70 and 72 each form
probe receiving portions that are offset vertically from each other. Probe coupling
members 74, 76 and 78 extend outwardly from the top 56 at each stepped portion 68,
70, and 72, respectively, and form openings 80, 82 and 84 (Fig. 2C) that extend through
the top to provide access to the cavity 38. While the probe coupling members 74, 76
and 78 are illustrated as extending outwardly from the top 56 about the same distance,
in other embodiments, the probe coupling members may extend outwardly from the top
differing distances. Additionally, while three stepped portions 68, 70 and 72 are
shown, more or less than three stepped portions may be used.
[0025] Probe coupling members 74, 76 and 78 connect the water level probes 42, 44 and 46
to the housing part 54 with the probes extending through the respective openings 80,
82 and 84 (see Fig. 3). Each probe coupling member 74, 76, 78 has a probe support
surface 86 (see Fig. 2C) against which respective water level probes 42, 44, 46 may
be seated. Due to the stepped portions 68, 70 and 72, the support surfaces 86 are
offset vertically from each other with the support surface of coupling member 74 being
at a lowest elevation, the support surface of coupling member 76 being at an intermediate
elevation and the support surface of the coupling member 78 being at a highest elevation.
Shown most clearly by Figs. 2B and 2C, the probe coupling member 76 is also offset
horizontally from probe members 74 and 76 to provide spacing between the various components
located within the cavity 38. The probe coupling members 74, 76, 78 and their respective
probe support surface 86 are used in operatively connecting and locating the water
level probes 42, 44, 46 at desired locations to the housing part 54.
[0026] The external probe housing unit 34 further includes sensor coupling members 88 and
90 and fluid line coupling 92. Referring particularly to Fig. 2B, coupling 92 is offset
horizontally from the coupling members 88 and 90. The coupling members 88 and 90 and
coupling 92 are used in operatively connecting and locating the pressure sensor 48,
temperature sensor 50 and fluid line 52 at desired locations to the housing part 54.
[0027] Fig. 3 shows the external probe housing unit 34 with side 64 removed to allow for
viewing of the water level probes 42, 44, 46, pressure sensor 48 and temperature sensor
50.
Each water level probe 42, 44, 46 includes a housing part 92, a probe part 94 and
a probe length PL that extends from a tip 96 of the respective probe part 94 up to
the respective housing part 92. In some embodiments, the PL of each water level probe
42, 44 and 46 is substantially equivalent to the PL of the other water level probes.
In some embodiments, the water level probes 42, 44 and 46 may be all identical. As
an example, one or more of the water level probes may be a Model 3L1D-XX, commercially
available from Gems Sensors, Inc., Plainville, CT. In other embodiments, the water
level probes may be different and have different probe lengths.
[0028] Tips 96 of the water level probes 42, 44 and 46 are located at different elevations
E
1, E
2 and E
3 within the cavity 38 and at different distances from the bottom 58 notwithstanding
that the length of each water level probe is substantially the same. This is due to
stepped portions 68, 70 and 72 being offset vertically from each other as described
above. As can be seen, tip 96 of water level probe 46 is located at the highest elevation
E
3 for detecting a HIGH water level, tip 96 of water level probe 44 is located at an
intermediate elevation E
2 for detecting a LOW water level and tip 96 of water level probe 42 is located at
a lowest elevation E
1 for detecting a MINIMUM water level. As will be described below, during normal operating
conditions the water level within the cavity is preferably maintained between the
HIGH and LOW water levels. However, other configurations are contemplated.
[0029] Pressure sensor 48 detects pressure within the cavity 38 and is disposed above the
tip 96 of the water level probe 46 (i.e., above the HIGH water level) during use.
Temperature sensor 50 detects water temperature and is disposed below the tip 96 of
the water level probe 44 (i.e., below the LOW water level) during use. In some embodiments,
the temperature sensor 50 is located below the tip 96 of the water level probe 42
(i.e., below the MINIMUM water level). Fluid line 52 and its associated inlet 98 are
located below the temperature sensor 50 and nearest the bottom 58. Bottom 58 is slanted
downwardly from the end 62 toward the open end 60 to facilitate water drainage from
the cavity 38 back into the heating chamber 18.
[0030] Referring now to Fig. 4, the water level probes 42, 44 and 46, the pressure sensor
48 and the temperature sensor 50 are connected to the controller 100. Controller 100
is capable of controlling operation of an inlet control assembly 102 (e.g., a flow
control valve), an outlet control assembly 104 and the water heating system 106 based,
at least in part, on signals provided by the water level probes 42, 44, 46, pressure
sensor 48 and temperature sensor 50. In some embodiments, controller 100 may also
control operation of valve 32 (see Fig. 1) that allows for steam delivery to the cooking
chamber 14.
[0031] Fig. 5 illustrates the external probe housing unit 34 connected to a wall 108 of
the steam generator 12. A pair of openings 110 and 112 extending through the wall
108 provide communication between the heating chamber 18, the open end 60 and thus
cavity 38 of the housing part 54. The openings 110 and 112 are spaced apart vertically
to provide a flow obstruction or baffle 114 therebetween to limit the impact of turbulent
water conditions within the chamber 18 on the water level within the cavity 38. Baffle
114 serves to maintain a relatively steady state within the cavity 38 despite certain
conditions (e.g., ripples) within the heating chamber 18, which can provide more reliable
water level indications to the controller 100 (see Fig. 4). Opening 110 is located
at the bottom 58 of the housing part 54 to allow for ingress and egress of water into
and out of the cavity 38 to levels substantially equal to that within the heating
chamber 18 during normal operation while opening 112 is located above the HIGH water
level to allow pressure conditions within the cavity 38 to be normally substantially
equal to that within the heating chamber. The baffle 114 is located at an elevation
corresponding to the normal water levels of the heating chamber 18. In an alternative
embodiment, there may be only a single, larger opening extending through the wall
108 (e.g., that is slightly smaller than the open end 60 of the housing part 54) that
provides communication between the cavity 38 and the heating chamber 18.
[0032] Under normal operating conditions (illustrated by Fig. 5), the water level is maintained
between the LOW and HIGH water levels as defined by the tips 96 of the water level
probes 44 and 46. In an exemplary control process, water level probes 42 and 44 provide
an ON signal to the controller 100 while water level probe 46 is OFF. Controller 100
includes logic stored in memory that, based on the signals provided by the water level
probes 42, 44, 46, determines that the current water level is within normal operating
conditions. If the current water level falls below tip 96 of the water level probe
44, controller 100 determines that the current water level is low and can open the
inlet control assembly 102 to allow water to enter the heating chamber 18 through
the inlet 28 (Fig. 1) until the probe 44 again provides an ON signal. If the current
water level rises above tip 96 of probe 46, the controller 100 determines that the
current water level is high and can open the outlet control assembly 104 to allow
water to drain from the heating chamber through the outlet 30 (Fig. 1) until the probe
46 is OFF. If the current water level falls below tip 96 of the water level probe
42, the controller determines that the water level is below the MINIMUM water level
and can shut down various components of the steam cooker 10 such as the burner 26
(Fig. 1).
[0033] As noted above, controller 100 may control other operating conditions of the steam
cooker 10 based on input from the pressure sensor 48 and the temperature sensor 50.
For example, if a temperature value provided by the temperature sensor 50 falls below
a certain threshold value, controller 100 can increase the burner temperature. As
another example, if a pressure value provided by the pressure sensor 48 rises above
a certain threshold value, the controller may turn the burner OFF.
[0034] The external probe housing unit 34 may be formed by any suitable method. In some
embodiments, housing part 54 is formed using a sheet metal (e.g., formed of stainless
steel). For example, referring to Fig. 6, housing part 54 is formed using three separate
sheets 114, 116 and 118, e.g., stamped or cut from a single sheet or from different
sheets. Sheet 116 may be bent to form the stepped portions 68, 70, 72, bottom 58 and
end 62. Sheets 114 and 118 may then be joined to sheet 116 by welding to form sides
64 and 66.
[0035] Fig. 7 shows a variation on the external probe housing unit described above. External
probe housing unit 120, instead of stepped portions, includes probe coupling members
122, 124 and 126 that extend to different elevations above the top 56 of housing part
128 with coupling member 126 having a greatest height, coupling member 124 having
an intermediate height and coupling member 126 having a lowest height. In a fashion
similar to that described above, the differing heights of the coupling members 122,
124 and 126 place tips of associated water level probes (not shown) at different elevations
within the cavity 38 of the housing part 128.
[0036] Referring now to Figs. 8A-8C, an external probe housing unit 130 suitable for use
with a high pressure steam cooker (e.g., having operating pressures exceeding 10 psi)
includes a cast housing part 132 (e.g., formed of stainless steel). External housing
unit 130 includes many of the features described above including stepped portions
134, 136 and 138 that are used in locating water level probes 140, 142, 144 and 146
at different heights within cavity 148 and a bottom 150 that is slanted downwardly
toward an open end 152 of the housing part 132. Water level probes 140, 142, 144 and
146 provide a signal to a controller (not shown) to maintain a desired water level
in a fashion similar to that described above.
[0037] Also supported on the stepped portions 136 and 138 are a first pressure sensor 152
that provides an indication at a higher pressure threshold (e.g., 15 psi) and a second
pressure sensor 154 that provides an indication at a lower pressure threshold (e.g.,
13 psi). The first and second pressure sensors 152 and 154 provide the indication
to the controller to maintain a normal operating pressure of between the higher and
lower pressure thresholds.
[0038] A flange 156 is located about a periphery of the open end 152. Flange 156 provides
connecting structure so that the external probe housing unit 130 can be fastened (e.g.,
bolted through openings 158) to a wall of a high pressure steam generator. In some
embodiments, a sealing material such as a gasket (not shown) may be located between
the flange 156 and the wall of the high pressure steam generator to provide a fluid-tight
seal therebetween. This arrangement can provide replaceable probe housing module that
can be removed and replaced by a similar or identical probe housing module with relative
ease. A temperature sensor to monitor temperature conditions within the cavity 148
and a fluid line to deliver a flushing fluid to the cavity may also be included (not
shown).
[0039] The above-described external housing units 34, 120 and 130 provide locating structures
that position the water level probes at different elevations within the cavity of
their housing part. These locating structures eliminate any need to utilize water
level probes having differing probe lengths to set HIGH, LOW and MINIMUM water levels.
This can even allow for use of identical probes to set each of the water levels. As
a further advantage, the HIGH water level probe, LOW water level probe and MINIMUM
water level probe can be visually identified without any need to remove the water
level probe (e.g., for a repair operation) based upon their elevation. For example,
the water level probe located on the highest step should be the HIGH water level probe,
the water level probe located on the intermediate step should be the LOW water level
probe and the water level probe located on the lowest step should be the MINIMUM water
level probe.
[0040] It is to be clearly understood that the above description is intended by way of illustration
and example only and is not intended to be taken by way of limitation, and that changes
and modifications are possible. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope
of the following claims.
1. A steam generator for use with a steam cooker, the steam generator comprising:
a heating chamber defining a volume for holding water;
a heating system associated with the heating chamber, the heating system configured
to heat water in the heating chamber so as to generate steam; and
an external probe housing unit in communication with the heating chamber, the external
probe housing unit comprising
a housing part defining a cavity therein, the housing part including a first end through
which water passes to and from the heating chamber, a second end opposite the first
end, a top, a bottom and sides extending between the ends;
a first probe support surface located at a first probe receiving portion at the top
of the housing part; and
a second probe support surface located at a second probe receiving portion at the
top of the housing part;
wherein the first probe support surface is offset vertically from the second probe
support surface.
2. The steam generator of claim 1, wherein the first probe support surface and the second
probe support surface are offset by a step defined by the top of the housing part.
3. The steam generator of claim 1 or 2, wherein the external probe housing unit further
comprises a first probe coupling member that includes the first probe support surface
and a second probe coupling member that includes the second probe support surface,
the first probe coupling member extending outwardly a greater distance from the top
of the housing part than the second probe coupling member.
4. The steam generator of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the first probe receiving portion
is nearer the first end than the second probe receiving portion.
5. The steam generator of any one of the preceding claims further comprising
a first water level probe extending into the cavity of the external probe housing
unit at the first probe receiving portion at the top of the housing part; and
a second water level probe extending into the cavity of the external probe housing
unit at the second probe receiving portion at the top of the housing part.
6. The steam generator of claim 5, wherein a tip of the first water level probe is a
greater distance from the bottom of the housing part than a tip of the second water
level probe, the first water level probe capable of providing a high water level indication
and the second water level probe capable of providing a low water level indication.
7. The steam generator of claim 6, wherein the first water level probe has a first probe
length and the second water level probe has a second probe length, the first and second
probe lengths being substantially the same.
8. The steam generator of claim 6 or 7 wherein the external probe housing unit is secured
to a side portion of a heating chamber housing, the heating chamber housing includes
an opening for delivering water into the cavity via the first end of the housing part,
the opening of the heating chamber housing sized and located such during typical steam
generator operation the heating chamber housing acts as a baffle against turbulent
surface level water flow into the cavity of external probe housing unit.
9. The steam generator of any one of the preceding claims 5 to 8, wherein the external
probe housing unit further comprises
a pressure sensor coupling configured to operatively connect a pressure sensor to
the housing part for detecting pressure within the cavity; and
a pressure sensor connected to the pressure sensor coupling that provides a signal
indicative of a pressure within the cavity;
wherein the pressure sensor is located above the tip of the first water level probe.
10. The steam generator of claim 9, wherein the external probe housing unit further comprises
a temperature sensor coupling configured to operatively connect a temperature sensor
to the housing part for detecting temperature within the cavity; and
a temperature sensor connected to the temperature sensor coupling that provides a
signal indicative of a temperature within the cavity;
wherein the temperature sensor is located below the tip of the second water level
probe.
11. The steam generator of any one of the preceding claims 5 to 10 further comprising
a third probe support surface located at a third probe receiving portion at the top
of the housing part, wherein the third probe support surface is offset vertically
from the second probe support surface and the first probe support surface; and
a third water level probe extending into the cavity of the external probe housing
unit at the third probe receiving portion at the top of the housing part.