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(11) | EP 2 017 393 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
| published in accordance with Art. 153(4) EPC |
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| (54) | WALL STRUCTURE WITH HOLLOW PLASTIC MODULES |
| (57) The wall is formed by stacking hollow plastic modular elements (1), with dovetailing
on their upper and lower faces, from a lower metal channel (2) up to another, upper
metal channel (3), the structure being stiffened by means of vertical steel bars (4)
that pass through said modules (1) via vertical conduits in the modules that extend
from the lower channel (2) to the upper channel (3). |
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] Using plastic blocks Fig. 1 (1) or hollow plastic forms Fig. 2 (1) as construction elements, sheet steel channels Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (2 and 3), circular steel bars, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4) and metal or plastic mesh, Fig. 6 (6), to manufacture a module, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 with a structure which turns into a prefabricated wall and consequentially, a house.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] There is no full scale constructive technique in which plastic blocks, Fig. 1 (1) (Registration Title of Utility Model No. 967) or hollow plastic forms, Fig. 2 (1), which interact with sheet steel channels, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (2 and 3), circular steel bars, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4) and metal or plastic mesh, Fig. 6 (6) of any kind which can be used for building a house, in which traditional masonry elements are substituted with the aforementioned elements.
[0003] All of these elements work together to allow for the achievement of a prefabricated module, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. These modules consist of plastic blocks, Fig 3 (1) or hollow plastic forms Fig. 4 (1) aligned by sliding them into a sheet steel channel right side up Fig 3 and Fig. 4 (2), said channel serves as a base for building using the plastic building blocks Fig. 3 (1) or hollow plastic forms Fig 4 (1), placing subsequent rows one on top of another indefinitely until the desired height is reached; when this is achieved circular steel bars are slid on the top Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4) in a vertical position, through the guide conduit Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 (2) which the plastic blocks have Fig 3 (1) or hollow the hollow plastic forms Fig 4 (1), one on top of another until they reach the bottom of the sheet steel channel Fig.3 and Fig. 4 (2) which acts as a base. Here a sheet steel channel is placed upside down Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4) making contact with the circular steel bar Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4).on the top side, so as that later the circular steel bar Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4) on the ends of the module Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 constructed with plastic blocks Fig. 3 (1) or hollow plastic forms Fig. 4 (1) may be soldered to the lower steel channel Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (2) and to the upper steel channel fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (3) thus creating a resistant frame. Thus in a continuous module Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 from left to right limited on the ends by a circular steel bar Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4), soldered at the ends of the sheet steel channel on the bottom Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (2) and top Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (3), other intermediate circular steel bars may be placed Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4) which slide through the guide conduit Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 where the plastic blocks Fig. 3 (1) or hollow plastic forms Fig. 4(1) are. These are placed freely on the ends of the lower Fig. 3 and Fig. 4(2) and upper Fig. 3 and Fig. 3 (3) sheet steel channels. Said circular steel bars Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4) are placed at distances of between 80 and 120 cm, depending on the length of the module Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 and respond to seismic movements, if need be, serving as an element which dissipates seismic energy by freely sliding in both horizontal directions and in the vertical due to the fact that it is retrained by the sheet steel channel on the lower part fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (2) and on the upper part Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (3). This circular steel bar Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4) acts as a support element which resists gravitational pull, besides not presenting significant lateral deformation, being confined within the guide conduit Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 (2) which the plastic blocks Fig. 3 (1) or hollow plastic forms Fig. 4(1) have. Once assembled, the elements such as the plastic blocks Fig 3 (1) or the hollow plastic forms Fig. 4 (1), the lower sheet steel channel Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (2) and the upper sheet steel channel Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (3), the circular steel bars Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4) as previously described, a module is formed Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 which makes up a resistant wall and thus building houses using a new constructive system.
[0004] The modules Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 may be prefabricated according to any type of defined architectonic project into which doorframes Fig. 5 (6) and window frames Fig. 5 (7) made of sheet steel channels may be integrated. To manufacture a module Fig. 5 which includes doorframes Fig. 5 (6) and/or window frames Fig. 5 (7) the necessary space is left depending on the size of the door Fig. 5 (6) and/or the size of the window Fig. 5 (7) thus forming part of the module Fig. 5 which in turn gives rise to a wall with doors and windows.
[0005] Said prefabricated modules Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 interact from a prefabricated rectangular armex base of U bricks Fig. 6 (1) or a reinforced steel structure made of four horizontal steel bars which in the four corners are supported by abutments made of rolled wire and connected at the ends to vertical elements called columns Fig. 6 (2) manufactured in the same way as the U block of the base Fig. 6 (1) described above. The interconnection is made using hooks Fig. 6 (5) made of rolled wire attaching one end of each module to the other Fig. 6, said hooks are prefabricated onto the circular steel bars Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4).
[0006] Columns Fig. 6 (2) rest on a foundation which is connected to the lower U block base Fig. 6 (1), into which the prefabricated modules Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 will be placed, so that later on upper enclosure Fig. 6 (3) may be placed on the prefabricated module Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, thus forming a resistant structural frame Fig. 6 and consequently giving rise to this new system of construction which may be used in any kind of building.
[0007] Finally, mesh is placed Fig. 6 (6) to form a soffit along the width and length of both faces of the wall Fig. 6, the objective of which is to assure the adherence of the mortar Fig. 6 (7) made of cement, lime and sand to the wall Fig. 6. Once hardened, the mortar mixture on both faces of the wall gives rigidity to the structural system and allows for any type of floor or mezzanine system to be used.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] Figure No. 1 presents a perspective of the plastic block (1) where the guide conduit (2) which allows for the sliding of the circular steel bar Fig. 3 (4) may be seen. The assembly post (3) which may be connected by snapping it onto the bottom of the other block, onto a female opening of the same dimensions, may be seen.
[0009] Figure No. 2 corresponds to a perspective of a hollow plastic form (1) whose characteristics are a male protuberance (3) on the top side which is used as a snap type assembly, which runs along the whole length of the form (1) which is a hollow element extruded from recycled PET polymer. At the base of said form there is a female protuberance (4) which corresponds to the snap type assembly of the male protuberance (3) along the entire form which is extruded from recycled PET polymer. This form (1) has two edges where the base of the form (1) which is above it rests once it has been assembled and which thus forms continuous lines from bottom to top thus forming a module Fig. 4 for the construction of a wall.
[0010] The upper part of the male protuberance (3) has a guide conduit orifice (2) which coincides with another guide conduit orifice (2) on the upper part of the female protuberance (4). This guide conduit (2) allows the circular steel bar Fig. 4 (4) to slide in.
[0011] Figure No. 3 presents a front view of the prefabricated module with plastic blocks (1), in which the lower (2) and upper (3) sheet steel channels as well as the circular steel bars (4) at each end and in the middle may be seen, the group forming a resistant module.
[0012] Figure No. 4 presents a front view of the prefabricated module with hollow plastic forms (1), in which we can see the lower (2) and upper (3) sheet steel channel as well as the circular steel bars (4) at each end and in the middle, the group forming a resistant module.
[0013] Figure No. 5 presents a front view of the prefabricated module which includes a doorframe (6) and a window frame (7) and in which the placement of the circular steel bars (4) may be seen.
[0014] Figure No. 6 presents a front view of the complete structural system in which can be seen the intersection of the prefabricated module Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 along with the structural elements. The lower U block base (1) can be seen attached to the columns (2) which rest on the foundation and which house the prefabricated modules Fig. 3 or Fig. 4, as well as the upper U block enclosure (3). The U-shaped hooks (4) can also be seen, these hooks are the connecting agents between the prefabricated module Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 and the lower U block base (1) and upper enclosure (3), as well as the rolled wire hooks (5) to connect the ends of the two modules Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 of the circular steel bars (4).
[0015] Figure No. 7 presents details of the soldered connection between the lower U block base (3) and the prefabricated module Fig. 3 by means of U-shaped elements made of rolled wire.
[0016] Figure No. 8 presents a front view of an alternative structural system in which in place of columns Fig. 6(2) and the upper U block enclosure Fig. 6 (3), rectangular sections of steel called PTR (4 and 5) are also used to house the prefabricated modules Fig. 3 or Fig. 4, which have been fully described in Figure No. 3 and Figure No. 4. Onto said prefabricated modules Fig. 3 or Fig. 4, at their side edges, vertical sheet steel channels (6) which encircle the plastic blocks Fig. 3 (1) or hollow plastic forms Fig. 4 (1) are added, thus creating a closed frame in interaction with the lower steel channels Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (2) and upper steel channels Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (3) which in turn interact with the rectangular sections of steel called PTR (4 and 5). Assembly connecting is based on sections of sheet steel (7) which are soldered or screwed to lateral sections of vertical PTR steel (4) and so on until they are connected to the upper horizontal element of the PTR steel rectangular section (5) and the prefabricated module Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 and thus any type of building may be constructed. The vertical elements of rectangular sections of steel (4) which substitute the columns Fig. 6 (2) are anchored by means of a base plaque (3) on the lower end which in turn has screw grooved openings which allow for the passage of threaded rods (2) anchored in the concrete of the lower U block base (1). A bolt is attached to said threaded rod (2) in order to insure the verticality of the rectangular section of steel (4).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0017] The module of plastic blocks fig. 3 (1) or hollow plastic forms Fig. 4 (1) corresponding to the present invention and which is illustrated in Figure No. 3 and Figure No. 4 essentially consists of lines of plastic blocks Fig. 3 (1) or hollow plastic forms Fig. 4 (1) placed one on top of another which interact with a structural frame consisting of a sheet steel channel which serves the function of a lower base Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (2) and once the lines or rows of plastic blocks Fig. 3 (1) or hollow plastic forms Fig. 4 (1) reach the necessary height, interact with an upside down sheet steel channel Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (3) to form a top enclosure. A circular steel bar Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 slides between the inside of the plastic blocks Fig. 3 (1) or hollow plastic forms Fig. 4 (1) through the connecting guide conduits Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 (2) between the plastic block and plastic block Fig. 3 (1) or hollow plastic forms Fig. 4 (1). Said circular steel bar is limited by the floor and the ceiling of the sheet steel channels Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (2 and 3) and said circular steel bars Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4) on the edges of the module Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are soldered to the floor and ceiling of the sheet steel channels Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (2 and 3), thus allowing a firm closed connection on the top and bottom edges of the sheet steel channels Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (2 and 3). Along all junctions of plastic blocks Fig. 3 (1) or hollow plastic forms Fig. 4(1) circular metal bars Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4) slide in the guide conduits Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 (2) which connect the plastic blocks Fig. 3 (1) or hollow plastic forms Fig. 4 (1) but the circular steel bars Fig. 3 and Fig 4 (4) are not soldered where they touch the ground and the ceiling of the enclosure of the sheet steel channels Fig. 3 and Fig 4 (2 and 3), thus giving them more compression capacity in order to also help dissipate energy in the case of an earthquake as they are loose elements which accompany telluric movement. Looking at the front of the module the circular steel bars Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4) in lines between plastic block and plastic block Fig. 3 (1) or hollow plastic forms Fig. 4 (1), intermittent spaces are left Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (5) which leave access to the circular steel bar Fig 3 and Fig. 4 (4) which is connected by means of the hook Fig. 6 (5) to the lateral vertical column Fig. 6 (2) on either side of the prefabricated module Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 to any other column Fig. 6 (2) making a continuity which forms walls and so on to form buildings. To the columns Fig. 6 (2) now connected by means of the hooks Fig. 6 (5) which are connected to the intermittent spaces Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (5) of the outer rod Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (4) on any of the sides of the module Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is connected a metal or wooden formwork which will contain the concrete mixture and thus when the metal or wooden formwork is removed, a rigid structure which will resist gravitational and lateral forces is left. Once this phase of the walls is completed, metal (chicken wire type metal) or plastic mesh Fig. 6 (6) is placed on both faces in order to assure the adherence of the mortar Fig. 6 (7) which will later harden in order to give the building the necessary consistency and rigidity.
1. Modules for construction based on plastic blocks and hollow plastic forms which allow
the construction of walls and as a consequence houses or any type of buildings which
are substituted for traditional masonry walls, interiors as well as exterior. Said
modules are amply described.
2. Said modules have the preponderance of filling spaces which exist between the lower
U block base and the upper U block enclosure which encloses the structural frame:
lateral columns give the support needed for any construction.
3. Said modules have the preponderance of filling spaces between the lower U block base
and the upper enclosure of PTR steel which closes the structural frame. PTRs of vertical
steel give the support needed for any construction.
4. Due to its light weight, said modules made of plastic blocks or hollow plastic forms,
together with bars which interact with the enclosures of the upper and lower sheet
steel channels, yet with compression force and laterals which help the U blocks and
columns as well as the horizontal and vertical steel PTRs which make up the structural
frame that contains the widely described module, giving rise to a wall and consequently
the fabrication of a prefabricated house or any other building. Said light weight
allows a structural savings compared to traditional masonry of up to between 75% and
80% thus generating savings from the beginning.
5. It allows for making the reception infrastructure which includes the columns, PTRs,
U block base and U block enclosure and horizontal enclosures with steel PTR which
receive the prefabricated modules.
6. Said modules are quickly assembled between the columns, PTRs, U block bases and U
block de enclosures and horizontal enclosures with PTR steel, giving rise to the system
represented in figure No. 6 and Figure No. 8 respectively. This cuts manufacturing
time and consequently building time by as much as 70% or 80%, respectively over traditional
masonry.
7. It may receive any type of mezzanine or ceiling since the system allows one to adopt
constructive hybrids due to the versatility of the assembly which has been described
at length.
8. This new constructive system possesses the characteristic of being thermal since its
elements are hollow and due to having a chamber of air, the temperature is not directly
transmitted.
9. This new constructive system possesses the characteristic of being acoustic since
its elements are hollow and due to having a chamber of air, sound is not directly
transmitted.
10. This new system based on modules allows seismic energy to dissipate by means of intermediate
circular steel bars which are loose within the guide conduits of the plastic blocks
or hollow plastic forms and which have as roof and floor the upper and lower sheet
steel channels.
11. It allows the modules to be placed in the designated site between the columns or PTRs.
Once they are anchored and secured, the formwork is placed immediately and the pouring
of the cement may begin, resulting in important saving of time.
12. It adapts to any architectonic or structural design.