(57) According to the method for calibrating a magnetic sensor, measurements (MI) are acquired from a magnetic sensor (11) during a non-pre-ordered movement, and
a plurality of sets of solutions (SSETK) are determined for respective expected values (HK) of intensity of the Earth's magnetic field. The solutions (SK) are defined by a plurality of parameters, amongst which a gain value (GMX, GMY, GMZ) for each detection axis (X', Y', Z') of the magnetic sensor (11). For each solution
(SK) a figure of merit (E(SK)) is then determined, correlated to a calibration error, and a partial solution (SKB) is selected in each set of solutions (SSETK), on the basis of the figure of merit (E(SK)). Once a gain confidence interval (IG) has been defined, a calibration solution (SCAL) is selected on the basis of the figure of merit (E(SK)), from among the partial solutions (SKB) having respective gain values (GMX, GMY, GMZ) all falling within the gain confidence interval (IG).
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