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(11) | EP 2 101 467 B9 |
| (12) | CORRECTED EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
| Note: Bibliography reflects the latest situation |
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CLIENT SIGNAL TRANSPORT METHOD AND APPARATUS IN OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORK CLIENTSIGNALTRANSPORTVERFAHREN UND -VORRICHTUNG IN EINEM OPTISCHEN TRANSPORTNETZWERK PROCÉDÉ ET DISPOSITIF DE TRANSPORT DE SIGNAL CLIENT DANS UN RÉSEAU DE TRANSPORT OPTIQUE |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to an optical communication technology, and more particularly to a method and an apparatus for transporting a client signal in an optical transport network (OTN).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] With the rapid development of social economy, people's demand on information is increasing dramatically. Thanks to a huge potential bandwidth capacity of the optical fiber of approximately 30 THz, the optical fiber communication has become one of the most important technologies that support the increment of the communication traffic.
[0003] In the OTN, the technology of mapping and enveloping a client signal for being transported in the OTN is called a digital enveloping technology, which includes, for example, a mapping/multiplexing structure of an optical channel transport unit (OTU), and time division multiplexing and client signal mapping technical means of an optical channel data unit-k (ODUk).
[0004] In order to transmit a client signal, firstly, the client signal is mapped to an optical channel payload unit-j (OPUj), in which j represents a supported bit rate, which may be 1, 2, and 3 respectively representing the rate levels of approximately 2.5 Gbit/S, 10 Gbit/S, and 40 Gbit/S, then an overhead of the OPUj is added, so as to form the OPUj. Next, a channel overhead of an optical channel data unit-j (ODUj) is added to the OPUj, so as to form the ODUj. Then, an OTU overhead and a forward error correction (FEC) overhead are added to the ODUj, so as to form an optical channel transport unit-j (OTUj). Then, the OTUj is loaded to a certain wavelength and transmitted.
[0005] When the client signal is mapped to the OPUj, in order to transport different types of client signals, a plurality of service mapping methods is provided in the OTN specification, including a constant bit rate (CBR) signal mapping method, a generic framing procedure (GFP) frame mapping method, and an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) cell flow mapping method. As the data services are continuously increasing, new demands are proposed on the full rate transparent transport capability of the OTN, so that the CBR mapping manner is applied more and more widely.
[0006] In the prior art, an agnostic CBR mapping method is provided, and an optical channel payload unit-k (OPUk) frame structure adopted in the method is as shown in FIG. 1. In such a frame structure, a Cbyte indicates a client signal byte number mapped within one OTN frame period, so that a payload area of the OPUk with a byte space of 3808x4=15232 bytes requires totally a length of 14 bits for indication, that is, the Cbyte occupies 2 bytes. The correctness of the Cbyte value directly influences a reliability for transporting the client signals, so that in the prior art, three same Cbyte values are transported in each frame, and errors are filtered by adopting a majority vote manner, thereby improving the reliability for transporting the client signals.
[0007] When the client signals are mapped to OTN virtually concatenated OPUk-Xv (X virtually-concatenated OPUks) by adopting the agnostic CBR mapping method, virtual concatenation overhead (VCOH) and payload structure identifier (PSI) occupy a space of 4 bytes in each OPUk overhead of OPUk-Xv, so that only 4 bytes in the 16th column are left for the Cbyte, and thus the demands on the space indication and majority vote cannot be satisfied, and the Cbyte only occupying 2 bytes cannot indicate a byte space under a situation of over 5 virtually-concatenated OPUks.
[0009] Firstly, under a situation of OPUk-2v (2 virtually-concatenated OPUks), every 2 bytes in the residual bytes of the OPUk-2v channel overhead are distributed to one Cbyte, and the errors are filtered by adopting the majority vote manner. Furthermore, a byte space of 3808x4x2 for the OPUk-2v can be completely indicated. One of the possible distribution solutions is as shown in the OPUk-2v frame structure shown in FIG. 2.
[0010] Next, under a situation of OPUk-Xv (X≥3) (more than 3 virtually-concatenated OPUks), 3 bytes are distributed to one Cbyte, and the Cbyte occupying 3 bytes can indicate a maximum byte space of 3808x4x256 for the OPUk-Xv (that is, at most X=256 virtually-concatenated OPUk frames can be supported). Furthermore, at least 3 virtually-concatenated OPUk frames exist, so that 3 Cbyte spaces are distributed in the OPUk-Xv OH for performing the majority vote. The detailed frame structure may be obtained with reference to an OPUk-3v frame structure shown in FIG. 3.
[0011] During the research and practicing process in the prior art, the inventor(s) of the present invention find that the following problems exist in the prior art.
[0012] Firstly, as the byte number of the byte space of the Cbyte is increasing, if an error occurs to any one bit among 16 bits when being transported, the whole Cbyte value becomes incorrect. By simply transporting 3 same Cbytes in each frame and adopting the majority vote manner, the reliability and the error tolerance are not desirable. Furthermore, 3 same Cbytes are transported in each frame, so that excessive overhead bytes are occupied, which is not helpful for further standardized expansion.
[0013] Next, no agnostic CBR mapping frame structure with a uniform format is provided for the OPUk-Xv, which is disadvantaged for achieving the uniformity of the CBR mapping frame structure. In the above agnostic CBR mapping method, the client signal byte number Cn transported in the OTN frame period has become an important factor that influences the reliability.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a method for transmitting and receiving a client signal in an OTN, which is capable of improving the reliability for transporting a client signal byte number.
[0015] In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method for transmitting a client signal in an OTN, which includes the following steps.
acquiring an input client signal, recovering a client signal clock from the client signal, and storing the input client signal in a FIFO buffer unit;
acquiring a client signal byte number Cn according to the client signal clock and a system clock;
determining whether the client signal byte number Cn is a normal Cn value or not; and
identifying whether a new client signal occurs or not in a CC bit position of a first area of a Cbyte filed of an OPUk, wherein the Cbyte field is divided into the first area and a second area,
if a new client signal is detected, filling the acquired client signal byte number Cn value in the second area,
if a demand of increasing a byte number born by an OTN frame is generated, reversing the values of a first series of bit positions in the second area of the current OTN frame, and increasing the client signal byte number filled before the values of the bit positions in the second area are reversed by 1 in a next OTN frame;
if a demand of decreasing a byte number born by an OTN frame is generated, reversing the values of a second series of bit positions in the second area of the current OTN frame, and decreasing the client signal byte number filled before the values of the bit positions in the second area are reversed by 1 in a next OTN frame;
according to the client signal byte number Cn filled in the second area of the Cbyte field in the previous OTN frame, outputing a reading control signal to the FIFO buffer unit to control reading of the client signal.
[0016] In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method for transmitting a client signal in an optical transport network, OTN, comprising:
saving an acquired range of a client signal byte number Cn of a client signal transported in one OTN frame period;
acquiring the client signal, and computing the Cn transported in the OTN frame period according to a client signal clock and a system clock;
identifying whether the Cn exceeds the range in a first area of a Cbyte field of an optical channel payload unit-k, OPUk;
in a current OTN frame, if the computed Cn exceeds the range, filling in a second area of the Cbyte field of the OPUk with the computed Cn; and if the computed Cn falls in the range, filling in the second area of the Cbyte field of the OPUk of the current OTN frame with the Cn same as that filled in the previous OTN frame; and
in the frame next to the current OTN frame, mapping Cn client signal bytes to an OPUk payload area, and transmitting an optical channel transport unit, OTU, comprising the OPUk to the OTN network.
[0017] In an embodiment, the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium, comprising a program, adapted to execute the step:
saving an acquired range of a client signal byte number Cn of a client signal transported in one OTN frame period;
acquiring the client signal, and computing the Cn transported in the OTN frame period according to a client signal clock and a system clock;
identifying whether the Cn exceeds the range in a first area of a Cbyte field of an optical channel payload unit-k, OPU;
in a current OTN frame, if the computed Cn exceeds the range, filling in a second area of the Cbyte field of the OPUk with the computed Cn; and if the computed Cn falls in the range, filling in the second area of the Cbyte field of the OPUk of the current OTN frame with the Cn same as that filled in the previous OTN frame; and
in the frame next to the current OTN frame, mapping Cn client signal bytes to an OPUk payload area, and transmitting an optical channel transport unit, OTU, comprising the OPUk to the OTN network.
[0018] In the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, a client signal byte number change identifier is further added in the Cbyte field, which is adapted to verify the client signal byte number filled in the Cbyte field, so as to enhance the reliability for transporting the client byte number, thereby improving the reliability for transporting the client signal. Compared with the majority vote manner adopted in the prior art, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention do not need to retransmit a plurality of client signal byte numbers to perform the majority vote, so as to save an OPUk overhead byte space required for transporting the client signal byte number.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] The present invention will become better understood from the detailed description given herein below for illustration only, and thus is not limitative of the present invention, and wherein:
FIG 1 is a schematic structural view of an OTN frame adopted in CBR mapping in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an OTN frame of OPUk-2v in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an OTN frame of OPUk-3v in the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a Cbyte field according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG 5 is a schematic structural view of an OPUk frame with a Cbyte occupying 3 bytes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an OPUk-Xv frame with the Cbyte occupying 3 bytes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a data processing procedure of a client signal transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a state machine of the client signal transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a state machine of a client signal receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a Cn generating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of the client signal receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0020] In the embodiments of the present invention, according to the agnostic CBR mapping method described in G.709 livinglist SP13 (Interfaces for the Optical Transport Network (OTN); 6709/7.1339 (03/03) ITU-T, XP017 400848), new Cbyte generating and explaining rules and operation method thereof are defined, so that a byte space occupied by the Cbyte is compressed, a reliability for transporting the Cbyte byte is enhanced, and a uniform Cbyte overhead format definition is provided for an OPUk-Xv (X=2∼256) container adopting the agnostic CBR mapping method.
[0021] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a Cbyte field according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 4, in the embodiments of the present invention, the Cbyte field is divided into two parts, that is, a first area and a second area, in which the first area is adapted to indicate whether a new client signal occurs or not, and the second area is adapted to fill a value of a client signal byte number Cn or is adapted to indicate whether the Cn value generated by adopting the method provided hereafter is increased or decreased.
[0022] A size of the Cbyte field may be selected according to actual requirements. In order to satisfy the uniform indication of the OPUk and OPUk-Xv (supporting X=256 virtually-concatenated OPUks) payload spaces (with reference to the computation of the byte number required by the Cbyte), 3 bytes may be distributed to the Cbyte. If only a limited amount of virtually-concatenated OPUk-Xv needs to be supported, for example, X is 2 or 3, 2 bytes may be distributed to the Cbyte. The Cbyte occupying 3 bytes is set as an example for description as follows.
[0023] Under a situation that the Cbyte is represented by 3 bytes, an OPUk frame structure is as shown in FIG 5. An OPUk-Xv frame structure acquired by virtually concatenating X OPUks is as shown in FIG 6. Here, the OPUk structure and the OPUk-Xv structure are unified.
[0024] Referring to FIG. 5, in the OPUk structure, the Cbyte occupies 3 bytes in the 16th column. As compared with the OPUk structure as shown in FIG. 1, the Cbyte in this embodiment occupies 3 bytes, thereby saving the overhead bytes of 3 OPUks.
[0025] Referring to FIG 6, in the OPUk-Xv structure, X Cbyte field needs to be transported, and each Cbyte field occupies 3 bytes. As compared with the OPUk-3v as shown in FIG. 3, the number of Cbyte field actually transported in this embodiment is the same as that of the prior art. However, in the embodiment of the present invention, the method capable of improving the reliability for transporting the client signal byte number Cn provided hereafter is adopted, instead of the majority vote manner adopted in the prior art. Therefore, theoretically, only one Cbyte field needs to be transported in the OPUk-Xv frame, and the other overhead bytes originally distributed to the Cbyte may be reserved or adapted to perform the expansion of other contents.
[0026] As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, the Cbyte occupying 3 bytes is set as an example, and according to the contents defined in FIG. 4, Table 1 shows a bit position distribution mode of the Cbyte occupying 3 bytes (that is, 24 bits).
| Cbyte1 (row=1) | Cbyte2 (row=2) | Cbyte3 (row=3) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| C | C | I | D | I | D | I | D | I | D | I | D | I | D | I | D | I | D | I | D | I | D | I | D |
[0027] As shown in Table 1, in this embodiment, 2 bit positions (C bit positions) are adapted to identify the new client signal, that is, the first area of the Cbyte field, and the other 22 bit positions (I bit positions and D bit positions) are adapted to fill the Cn value and indicate an increment or decrement of the Cn value, that is, the second area of the Cbyte field. The 22 bit positions can totally indicate 4194304 byte spaces, and the maximum byte space of the OPUk-Xv is (X=256) 3899392 bytes, so that all the situations of the byte spaces of the OPUk-Xv can be indicated by adopting 22 bit positions.
[0028] In addition, in order to enhance the reliability of identifying the new client signal, 3 bits, 4 bits, or more bit positions may be distributed to the first area to indicate the new client signal. Correspondingly, the spaces of the second area for filing the Cn value and indicating the increment or decrement of the Cn value are decreased. The Cbyte field generating rule according to the embodiments of the present invention is described in detail by taking the Cbyte field structure (that is, 2 bits are adapted to identify the new client signal and 22 bits are adapted to indicate the Cn value and the increment or decrement of the Cn value) as shown in Table 1 as an example.
[0030] 1) It is assumed that a CC identifying position is set as "01", which represents that the normal Cn values are filled in the last 22 bit positions of the Cbyte.
[0031] As for the determined OPUk and the determined client signal type, the Cn of a certain signal type born by the OPUk falls in a certain range, that is, for a certain client signal type, a Cn maximum value and a Cn minimum value exist for the signal type born by the OPUk.
[0032] The normal Cn value refers to a Cn value acquired according to a client signal clock and a system clock that falls in a range between the minimum value and the maximum value of the detected client signal Cn (including the minimum Cn minimum value and the Cn maximum value), which represents that the client signal type born by the current OPUk remains unchanged, and it is still the client signal type born by the previous OPUk.
[0033] If a new client signal is detected, that is, the client signal type of the current frame is changed as compared with the detected client signal type, that is, the Cn acquired according to the client signal clock and the system clock exceeds the range between the minimum value and the maximum value of the detected client signal Cn, so that the CC bit position is set as "10" for identification.
[0034] In the above embodiment, it is defined that the Cn value is identified as normal (that is, the client signal type remains unchanged) when the CC bit position is 01, and it is identified that a new client signal is monitored (that is, the client signal type is changed) when the CC bit position is 10. Thus, if the CC bit position is other values, such values are illegal values, which represent that the transport of the CC bit position may become abnormal. However, the value setting of the CC bit position under different identifying states is not limited in the present invention.
[0035] The client signal transported by adopting the OPUk is taken as an example, and the methods for computing the Cn maximum value and the Cn minimum value are listed as follows.
[0036] If X virtually-concatenated OPUk (OPUk-Xv) channels are adopted for transporting, the methods for computing the Cn maximum value and the Cn minimum value are listed as follows.
[0038] Particularly, it is assumed that, for example, an OPU4 (104.6641791 kbit/s, ±20 ppm) bears a client signal of 100GE (103.125 kbit/s, ±100 ppm).
[0039] According to the above methods for computing the Cn maximum value and the Cn minimum value, it may be acquired that:
[0040] 2) If it intends to increase the client signal byte number (Cn) transported in the OTN frame, among the Cbyte field as shown in Table 1, 11 I bit positions of the second area are reversed. In the embodiment of the present invention, the mode of reversing I bit positions represents that the Cn value in the next OTN frame will be increased.
[0041] After 11 I bit positions of the current OTN frame are reversed, the Cn value filled in the second area of the Cbyte field of the next OTN frame is the Cn value of the OTN frame previous to the current OTN frame increased by one unit value. In this embodiment, the unit value is 1. However, those skilled in the art may set the unit value according to the actual demands. In the following embodiments of the present invention, the unit value is 1.
[0042] If the Cn value of the previous OTN frame is the Cn maximum value, the Cn of the next OTN frame remains unchanged.
[0043] 3) If it intends to decrease the client signal byte number (Cn) transported in the OTN frame, among the Cbyte field as shown in Table 1, 11 D bit positions of the second area are reversed. In the embodiment of the present invention, the mode of reversing D bit positions represents that the Cn value in the next OTN frame will be decreased.
[0044] After 11 D bit positions of the current OTN frame are reversed, the Cn value filled in the second area of the Cbyte field of the next OTN frame is the Cn value of the OTN frame previous to the current OTN frame decreased by one unit value. In this embodiment, the unit value is 1. However, those skilled in the art may set the unit value according to the actual demands. In the following embodiments of the present invention, the unit value is 1.
[0045] If the Cn value of the previous OTN frame is the Cn minimum value, the Cn of the next OTN frame remains unchanged.
[0046] 4) If an abnormal alarm indicator (for example, loss of signal (LOS) and loss of frame (LOF)) of the client signal is received, all 0 or all 1 are filled in the first area and the second area of the Cbyte field, which represents that the Cbyte is in an alarm indication signal (AIS) state.
[0047] Referring to FIG. 7, a method for generating a demand of increasing/decreasing the client signal byte number (Cn value) born by the OPUk is described below in detail. A client signal transmitting end includes a client signal unit 71, a system clock unit 73, and a first in first out (FIFO) buffer unit 72.
[0048] The client signal unit 71 is adapted to write a client signal into the FIFO buffer unit according to a client signal clock rate.
[0050] The FIFO buffer unit 72 is adapted to accept a control of a reading control signal generated by a Cn generating unit in the current OTN frame, and write the client signal in the buffer unit to an OPUk payload area of a next OTN frame according to the system clock rate.
[0051] Usually, a deviation exists between the writing according to the client signal clock and the reading according to the system clock, that is, the rate of writing the client signal into the buffer unit is higher or lower than the rate of reading the client signal from the buffer unit and writing the client signal to the OPUk payload area according to the system clock rate. Furthermore, when a system clock reading rate is relatively high, the client signal data buffered in the buffer unit reaches and is lower than a lower threshold of the buffer unit. When a client signal clock writing rate is relatively high, the client signal data buffered in the buffer unit reaches and exceeds an upper threshold of the buffer unit. In this case, if the client signal data buffered in the buffer unit reaches or exceeds the upper threshold of the buffer unit, the buffer unit transmits a first threshold indication signal to a Cn value generating unit 74, so as to generate the demand of increasing the client signal byte number Cn born by the OPUk. If the client signal data buffered in the buffer unit reaches or lower than the lower threshold of the buffer unit, the buffer unit transmits a second threshold indication signal to the Cn value generating unit 74, so as to generate the demand of decreasing the client signal byte number Cn born by the OPUk.
[0052] The embodiment of the Cbyte field structure as shown in Table 1 is provided. In addition, the Cbyte field structure may be varied. For example, in the embodiment as shown in Table 1, in the second area of the Cbyte field, 22 bit positions are divided into two series of bit positions, that is, I bit positions and D bit positions respectively. The I bit positions and the D bit positions are alternately set, and all the 22 bit positions (that is, 11 I bit positions and 11 D bit positions) of the second area are evenly distributed. However, as for the first variation of the Cbyte field structure, the I bit positions and the D bit positions may not be alternately set, for example, in the second area, the first 11 bit positions are set as I bit positions, and the last 11 bit positions are set as D bit positions. As for the second variation of the Cbyte field structure, the I bit positions and the D bit positions are not evenly distributed to all the 22 bit positions of the second area, or not all the 22 bit positions are set as I bit positions or D bit positions. Those skilled in the art may configure the division and definition of the bit positions in the Cbyte field structure according to the actual demands, which is not limited in the present invention.
[0053] Referring to FIG. 8, according to the above Cbyte field generating rule, a Cbyte generating state machine at the transmitting end is described in detail as follows. The Cbyte generating state machine totally has five states, including a Cn increasing state (INC state), a Cn decreasing state (DEC state), a Cn normal state (NORM state), an AIS alarming state, and a new client signal state (NCF state).
[0056] In the NORM state, the Cn value is in a normal state, that is, CC=01, 22-bit Cn value is a normal value.
[0057] In the AIS alarming state, all 0 or all 1 are filled in the first area and the second area of the Cbyte field.
[0058] In the NCF state, the CC value of the first area of the Cbyte field is 10, which is identified as a new client signal, and meanwhile, a new client signal byte number Cn is filled in the second area of the Cbyte field.
[0059] Referring to FIG. 8, jump conditions among each state of the client signal transmitting end are described in detail.
[0060] In a jump condition 1, the client signal is normally received, the FIFO buffer does not have a Cn adjustment request, and no new client signal is detected.
[0061] In a jump condition 2, the rate for reading data from the FIFO buffer unit according to the system clock is higher than the rate for writing data into the FIFO buffer unit according to the client clock, so that the client signal data buffered in the FIFO buffer unit reaches or is lower than a lower threshold of the FIFO buffer unit, and thus the FIFO buffer unit generates an adjustment request of decreasing the Cn by 1.
[0063] In a jump condition 4, the rate for reading the data from the FIFO buffer unit according to the system clock is lower than the rate for writing the data into the FIFO buffer unit according to the client clock, so that the client signal data buffered in the FIFO buffer unit reaches or exceeds an upper threshold of the FIFO buffer unit, and thus the FIFO buffer unit generates an adjustment request of increasing the Cn by 1.
[0065] In a jump condition 6, an indication representing that the client signal is abnormal is received.
[0066] In a jump condition 7, the indication representing that the client signal is abnormal is received.
[0068] In a jump condition 9, the indication representing that the client signal is abnormal is received.
[0072] In a jump condition 13, the indication representing that the client signal is abnormal is received.
[0073] In a jump condition 14, the indication representing that the client signal is abnormal is received.
[0074] On the basis of the embodiment of the state machine of the client, a 3-frame filtering mode is further adopted in the present invention, thereby further improving the reliability for transporting the client signal byte number, so as to filter the errors possibly generated to the Cbyte during the transporting process, and prevent the Cn value from being frequently changed due to the jittering of the client signal clock or system clock. Particularly, when the demand of increasing/decreasing the Cn is generated, the state machine enters the INC state/DEC state. Accordingly, the I bit positions or the D bit positions are reversed in the Cbyte field of the current OPUk frame, so that the Cn value is adjusted to be increased/decreased by 1 in the next frame of the current OPUk frame, and the adjusted Cn value is newly adjusted once again after lasting for at least 3 frames, that is, the Cn value is newly adjusted once in at least a 5th frame. According to the 3-frame filtering mode, those skilled in the art may set the frame number adopted during the filtering according to the actual requirements.
[0075] The OPU4 (104.6641791 kbit/s, ±20 ppm) bearing 100GE (103.125 kbit/s, ±100 ppm) is taken as an example below, and a tolerance of the FIFO buffer unit required after the 3-frame filtering mode is adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail as follows.
[0076] According to the above methods for computing the Cn maximum value and the Cn minimum value, it is acquired that:
Cn maximum value=15010 bytes, and Cn minimum value=15006 bytes.
[0077] In consideration of the extreme situations, when the Cn is increased from the Cn minimum value (15006 bytes) to the Cn maximum value (15010 bytes), the operation of increasing the Cn by 1 is required to be performed for totally 4 times. Since the 3-frame filtering mode is adopted, 4 frames (the I bits of the first frame are reversed, and the Cns of the next three frames are increased by 1 and then maintained unchanged) are required each time when the operation of increasing the Cn by 1 is performed. Thus, when the Cn is increased from 15006 bytes to 15010 bytes, totally 16 frames are required. The difference of the maximum Cn byte number for each frame caused by the frequency deviation of the client signal clock, the frequency deviation of the system clock, and the frequency deviation of the Cn-rounding clock is 15010-15006=4 bytes. Thus, as for the 16 frames, a storage tolerance requirement on the FIFO buffer unit is 64 bytes at the maximum level. However, practically, the accumulation of the clock frequency deviation of 3 bytes is absorbed at each operation of increasing the Cn by 1, so that the byte number maximally accumulated or decreased by the FIFO buffer unit should be smaller than 64, and upper overflow and lower overflow tolerances of the FIFO buffer unit required in the method are not too much.
[0078] On the basis of the embodiment of the method for generating the Cbyte field at the client signal transmitting end, the present invention further provides a method for transmitting a client signal in an OTN, which includes the following steps.
[0079] In Step A1, an input client signal is acquired, a client clock is recovered from the client signal by adopting, for example, a phase locked loop, and the input client signal is stored in the FIFO buffer unit.
[0080] In Step A2, the client signal byte number Cn is acquired according to the client signal clock and a system clock. It is determined whether the Cn value is a normal Cn value or not, that is, it is detected whether a new client signal type occurs or not. According to the above determining method, particularly, it is determined whether the acquired Cn exceeds the range between the Cn minimum value and the Cn maximum value of the detected client signal or not.
[0081] In Step A3, it is identified whether a new client signal occurs or not in the CC bit position of the first area of the Cbyte filed of the OPUk.
[0082] If a new client signal is detected, the acquired client signal byte number Cn value is filled in the second area.
[0083] If no new client signal is detected, the client signal byte number Cn value is generated according to the Cbyte generating state machine at the transmitting end, and then the Cn value is filled in the second area.
[0084] Particularly, if the demand of increasing the byte number born by the OTN frame is generated, the values of the first series of bit positions (the I bit positions as shown in Table 1) in the second area of the current OTN frame are reversed, and the client signal byte number filled before the values of the bit positions in the second area are reversed is increased by 1 in the next OTN frame.
[0085] If the demand of decreasing the byte number born by the OTN frame is generated, the values of the second series of bit positions (the D bit positions as shown in Table 1) in the second area of the current OTN frame are reversed, and the client signal byte number filled before the values of the bit positions in the second area are reversed is decreased by 1 in the next OTN frame.
[0086] If an indication representing that the client signal is abnormal is acquired, all 1 or all 0 are filled in the Cbyte field of the OPUk.
[0087] Generally, if no demand of increasing/decreasing the byte number born by the OTN frame is generated, and no indication representing that the client signal is abnormal is received, the Cn value filled in the second area of the previous OTN frame is filled in the second area.
[0088] In Step A4, according to the client signal byte number Cn filled in the second area of the Cbyte field in the previous OTN frame, the reading control signal is output to the FIFO buffer unit to control the reading of the client signal. The client signal having Cn bytes is mapped to the OPUk payload area in the current OTN frame through a Σ-Δ algorithm defined in G.709 Livinglist SP13. Then, the OPUk is transmitted to the OTN network.
[0089] In the above embodiment, if x OPUks are virtually concatenated to acquire an OPUk-Xv, in which X is not smaller than 2, and the OTN frame is particularly an OPUk-Xv (X virtually-concatenated OPUks) period frame.
[0090] Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that, all or a part of the steps in the method of the embodiment may be realized by relevant hardware instructed by a program, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. When the program is executed, the following steps are performed. The range of the client signal byte number Cn of the acquired client signal transported in one OTN frame period is saved. The client signal is acquired. The Cn transported in the OTN frame period is computed according to the client signal clock and the system clock. It is identified whether the Cn exceeds the range of the Cn or not in the first area of the Cbyte field of the OPUk. In the current OTN frame, if the computed Cn exceeds the range of the Cn, the computed Cn is filled in the second area of the Cbyte field of the OPUk. If the computed Cn falls in the range of the Cn, the Cn filled in the previous OTN frame is filled in the second area of the OPUk of the current OTN frame. In the frame next to the current OTN frame, the Cn client signal bytes are mapped to the OPUk payload area, and the OPUk is transmitted to the OTN network. The storage medium may be a read only memory, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
[0091] In the above descriptions, the processing operations executed by the client signal transmitting end during the process of transmitting the client signal have been described with reference to a plurality of embodiments, and the processing operations executed by the client signal receiving end are further described as follows.
[0092] Firstly, according to the Cbyte field generating rule adopted by the client signal transmitting end, a Cbyte field parsing rule adopted by the client signal receiving end is further described (the structure as shown in Table 1 is set as an example).
[0093] 1) Under the normal situation, the CC=01 in the first area of the Cbyte field is detected, which indicates that the normal Cn value is filled in the second area of the Cbyte field, and the normal Cn values are filled in the last 22 bit positions of the Cbyte.
[0094] If it is detected that CC=10, which indicates that a new client signal occurs, the received Cn value is correspondingly changed, unless the Cn does not fall in the normal range.
[0095] 2) If it is detected that most of the 11 I bits of the Cbyte are reversed, it indicates that the Cn of the next frame is increased by 1.
[0096] 3) If it is detected that most of the 11 D bits of the Cbyte are reversed, it indicates that the Cn of the next frame is decreased by 1.
[0097] 4) If it is detected that all 0 or all 1 is filled in the first area and the second area of the Cbyte field, it represents an AIS alarm.
[0098] Referring to FIG. 9, according to the Cbyte field parsing rule, a Cbyte parsing state machine at the client signal receiving end is described in detail. The Cbyte parsing state machine has totally 3 states, including a Cn normal state (NORM state), an AIS alarming state, and a Cn loss state (LOCn state).
[0099] In the NORM state, the client signal receiving end stores the Cn value acquired through parsing, which is adapted to recover the client signal data from the OPUk payload unit of the next OTN frame.
[0101] In the LOCn state, the latestly received normal Cn value is stored, so as to recover the client signal data according to the normal Cn value.
[0102] Referring to FIG 9, the jump conditions among each state of the client signal receiving end are described below in detail.
[0103] In a jump condition 91, an AIS alarm is detected, that is, it is detected that all 0 or all 1 are filled in the first area and the second area of the Cbyte field.
[0104] In a jump condition 92, 1) an abnormal Cbyte field is acquired through parsing, for example, the first area CC=01, but the Cn value filled in the second area is an abnormal Cn value, that is, the Cn value exceeds the range between the Cn minimum value and the Cn maximum value of the detected client signal; 2) it is detected that an increment or decrement of the Cn value filled in the second area is not one unit value (in this embodiment, the unit value is 1), and if the manner of continuously determining N frames is adopted, 8≤N≤10.
[0106] In a jump condition 94, 1) it is detected that CC=10, which indicates that a new client signal occurs; 2) it is detected that CC=01, which indicates that the client signal is normal, and the Cn filled in the second area of the Cbyte field is a normal Cn value, that is, the Cn falls in the range between the Cn minimum value and the Cn maximum value of the detected client signal.
[0107] In a jump condition 95, 1) an abnormal Cbyte field is acquired through parsing, for example, the first area CC=01, but the Cn value filled in the second area is an abnormal Cn value, that is, the Cn value exceeds the range between the Cn minimum value and the Cn maximum value of the detected client signal; 2) it is detected that an increment or decrement of the Cn value filled in the second area is not one unit value, and if the manner for continuously determining N frames is adopted, 8≤N≤10; 3) it is detected that CC=10 after continuously detecting the plurality of frames, which indicates that a new client signal occurs.
[0108] In a jump condition 96, it is detected that CC=01, which indicates that the client signal is normal, and the Cn filled in the second area of the Cbyte field is a normal Cn value.
[0109] In a jump condition 97, it is detected that a single CC=10, which indicates that a new client signal occurs.
[0110] In a jump condition 98, it is detected that CC=01, which indicates that the client signal is normal, and the Cn filled in the second area of the Cbyte field is a normal Cn value.
[0111] In a jump condition 99, it is detected the normal Cn value is increased and decreased by 1, that is, it is detected that most of the I bit positions or D bit positions of the Cbyte are reversed, and the Cn value is adjusted by one unit value in the next OTN frame.
[0112] The client signal receiving end may also adopt the 3-frame filtering mode, thereby improving the reliability for transporting the client signal byte number. Particularly, it is adjusted only when the Cn values in the areas of the Cbyte field are detected to be consistent in 3 continuous frames; otherwise, any change made to the current Cn is omitted. When a certain jump condition is satisfied to adjust from a certain state machine to another state machine, the new state machine may be adjusted once again after the Cn lasts for at least 3 frames. Similarly, the frame number adopted by the client signal receiving end for filtering is not limited in the present invention.
[0113] On the basis of the embodiment of the method for parsing the Cbyte field by the client signal receiving end, the present invention provides a method for receiving a client signal in the OTN, which includes the following steps.
[0114] In Step B1, the OPUk of the current OTN frame is parsed to acquire the Cbyte field, the identifier in the first area of the Cbyte field is acquired, and the client signal byte number filled in the second area of the Cbyte field is acquired.
[0115] In Step B2, corresponding process is executed according to the jump condition of the state machine at the client signal receiving end.
[0116] Particularly, if the first area CC=10, it indicates that the client signal byte number born by the OPUk of the current OTN frame exceeds the range between the Cn minimum value and the Cn maximum value of the detected client signal, or the first area CC=01, and the client signal byte number Cn filled in the second area falls in the range between the Cn minimum value and the Cn maximum value of the detected client signal, the client signal byte number filled in the second area is stored.
[0117] If the values of the first series of bit positions (the I bit positions) in the second area are reversed relative to the previous OTN frame, the client signal byte number filled in the second area of the previous OTN frame is stored. If it is determined that the Cn filled in the second area of the next OTN frame is increased by one unit value (in this embodiment, the unit value is 1) as compared with the Cn value filled in the second area of the previous OTN frame, the client signal byte number filled in the second area of the frame is stored in the next OTN frame.
[0118] If the values of the second series of bit positions (the D bit positions) in the second area are reversed relative to the previous OTN frame, the client signal byte number filled in the second area of the previous OTN frame is stored. If it is determined that the Cn filled in the second area of the next OTN frame is decreased by one unit value as compared with the Cn value filled in the second area of the previous OTN frame, the client signal byte number filled in the second area of the frame is stored in the next OTN frame.
[0119] If the jump condition of the LOCn state machine is satisfied, particularly, if the first area CC=01, and the Cn value filled in the second area is an abnormal Cn value, or if the first area CC=10 in the Cbyte field of a preset number of continuous OTN frames, or if it is detected that an increment or decrement of the Cn value filled in the second area is not one unit value, the latestly saved client signal byte number that does not exceed the range of the byte number is acquired and stored.
[0120] In Step B3, according to the stored client signal byte number, data of the OPUk payload area is restored in the frame next to the current frame according to the Σ-Δ algorithm, so as to acquire a client signal data stream of the Cn value stored in the previous frame.
[0121] In Step B2 of the above method, if the first area CC=10, which indicates that the Cn born by the OPUk of the current OTN frame exceeds the range between the Cn minimum value and the Cn maximum value of the detected client signal, the Cn filled in the second area is further compared with the range of the Cn of the detected client signal, so as to verify whether the Cn value practically filled in the second area is consistent with the situation identified by the CC or not, and if yes, the client signal byte number filled in the second area is stored.
[0122] Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that, all or a part of the steps in the method of the embodiment may be realized by relevant hardware instructed by a program, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. When the program is executed, the following steps are performed. The OPUk of the current OTN frame is parsed to acquire the Cbyte field. The identifier in the first area of the Cbyte field is acquired, and the client signal byte number Cn filled in the second area of the Cbyte field is acquired. If the identifier indicates that the Cn exceeds the range of the Cn of the acquired client signal transported in one OTN frame period, the Cn filled in the second area is stored. Otherwise, it is compared whether the Cn filled in the second area exceeds the range of the Cn of the acquired client signal transported in one OTN frame period or not, and if not, the Cn filled in the second area is stored. According to the stored client signal byte number, the data of the OPUk payload area of the next OTN frame is restored to acquire the client signal data stream. The storage medium may be a read only memory, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
[0123] A structure of an apparatus for transmitting a client signal in an OTN according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail.
[0124] Referring to FIG. 7, the apparatus for transmitting the client signal in the OTN includes a client signal unit 71, a system clock unit 73, a client signal byte number generating unit 74, a FIFO buffer unit 72, and a transmitting unit 75.
[0125] The client signal unit 71 is adapted to acquire a client signal, and write the client signal into the FIFO buffer unit according to a client signal clock rate.
[0127] The client signal byte number generating unit 74 is adapted to generate a client signal byte number and write the client signal byte number into a Cbyte field of an OPUk of a current OTN frame.
[0128] The FIFO buffer unit 72 is adapted to accept a control of a reading control signal generated by the Cn generating unit in the current OTN frame, and write the client signal in the FIFO buffer unit into an OPUk payload area of a next OTN frame according to the system clock rate.
[0130] The client signal byte number Cn generating unit 74 further includes a first computing module 101, a data module 104, a first area filling module 102, a second area filling module 103, and a reading control module 105. The operating principle of each module is described in detail as follows.
[0131] The first computing module 101 is adapted to compute a client signal byte number Cn according to a client signal clock and a system clock.
[0132] The data module 104 is adapted to acquire and save a range of the Cn of the acquired client signal transported in one OTN frame period.
[0133] The first area filling module 102 is adapted to determine whether the computed Cn exceeds the range of the Cn of the acquired client signal transported in one OTN frame period saved by the data module or not, and identify a determination result in a first area of the Cbyte field.
[0134] The second area filling module 103 is adapted to fill a second area of the Cbyte field. If the first area filling module determines that the computed Cn exceeds the range of the Cn, the second area filling module 103 fills the Cn in the second area of the current OTN frame. If the first area filling module determines that the computed Cn falls in the range of the Cn, the second area filling module 103 fills the client signal byte number filled in the previous OTN frame into the second area of the current OTN frame.
[0135] The reading control module 105 is adapted to generate a reading control signal according to the Cn filled by the second area filling module, and transmit the reading control signal to the FIFO buffer unit.
[0137] The monitoring module 106 is adapted to acquire a first threshold indication signal or a second threshold indication signal of the FIFO buffer unit, and notify the second area filling module.
[0138] Furthermore, the second area filling module 103 fills the second area in the following manners.
[0139] If the monitoring module receives the first threshold indication signal, values of first series of bit positions in the second area of the Cbyte field are reversed in the current OTN frame, and the Cn filled before the values of the bit positions in the second area are reversed is increased by one unit value.
[0140] If the monitoring module receives the second threshold indication signal, values of second series of bit positions in the second area of the Cbyte field are reversed in the current OTN frame, and the Cn filled before the values of the bit positions in the second area are reversed is decreased by one unit value.
[0141] The FIFO buffer unit is further adapted to transmit the first threshold indication signal to the monitoring unit, if the buffered client signal data is not lower than an upper threshold value of the FIFO buffer unit, and transmit the second threshold indication signal to the monitoring module, if the buffered client signal data is not higher than a lower threshold value of the FIFO buffer unit.
[0142] If an abnormal alarm occurs to the acquired client signal, the first area filling module and the second area filling module fill all 1 or all 0 in the first area and the second area of the Cbyte field of the OPUk.
[0143] A structure of an apparatus for receiving a client signal in an OTN according to the present invention is described in detail as follows. The apparatus includes a receiving unit 111, a first parsing unit 112, a second parsing unit 113, a first determining unit 114, a second determining unit 115, a storing unit 116, and a client signal recovering unit 117. The operating principle of the apparatus for receiving the client signal is described in detail.
[0145] The first parsing unit 112 is adapted to parse the OPUk to acquire an identifier in a first area of a Cbyte field of the OPUk of the current OTN frame.
[0146] The second parsing unit 113 is adapted to parse the OPUk to acquire a client signal byte number Cn filled in a second area of the Cbyte field of the OPUk of the current OTN frame.
[0147] The first determining unit 114 is adapted to trigger the storing unit to store the client signal byte number acquired through parsing by the second parsing unit, if the identifier indicates that the client signal byte number of the current OTN frame exceeds a range between a Cn minimum value and a Cn maximum value of the detected client signal; otherwise, compare whether the Cn acquired through parsing by the second parsing unit exceeds the range of the Cn (including the Cn maximum value and the Cn minimum value) of the acquired client signal transported in one OTN frame period or not, and if yes, trigger the storing unit to store the Cn acquired through parsing by the second parsing unit.
[0148] The first determining unit 114 triggers the storing unit to store the client signal byte number saved by the previous OTN frame, if it is determined that the identifier indicates that the Cn of the current OTN frame does not exceed the range of the Cn, and the Cn filled in the second area exceeds the range of the Cn.
[0149] If the identifier indicates that the Cn exceeds the range of the Cn in a preset number of continuous OTN frames, the first determining unit 114 triggers the storing unit to store the Cn latestly acquired through parsing by the second parsing unit that does not exceed the range of the Cn.
[0150] The first determining unit 114 executes an alarming process, if the first parsing unit and the second parsing unit parse and acquire that all 0 or all 1 are filled in the first area and the second area of the Cbyte field.
[0151] The second determining unit 115 is adapted to trigger the storing unit to store the Cn filled in the second area of the previous OTN frame, if it is determined that values of first series of bit positions in the second area are reversed relative to values of first series of bit positions of the previous OTN frame, and is adapted to trigger the storing unit to store the Cn tilled in the second area of the frame into the next OTN frame, if it is determined that the Cn filled in the second area of the next OTN frame is increased by one unit value as compared with the Cn filled in the second area of the previous OTN frame.
[0152] The second determining unit 115 is adapted to trigger the storing unit to store the Cn filled in the second area of the previous OTN frame, if it is determined that values of second series of bit positions in the second area are reversed relative to values of second series of bit positions of the previous OTN frame, and is adapted to trigger the storing unit to store the Cn filled in the second area of the frame into the next OTN frame, if it is determined that the Cn filled in the second area of the next OTN frame is decreased by one unit value as compared with the Cn filled in the second area of the previous OTN frame.
[0153] The second determining unit 115 triggers the storing unit to store the Cn saved in the previous OTN frame, if it is determined that an increment or decrement of the Cn filled in the second area of the next OTN frame is not one unit value as compared with the Cn filled in the second area of the previous OTN frame.
[0154] The storing unit 116 is adapted to maintain the client signal byte number Cn, and particularly, the storing unit 116 stores the Cn acquired through parsing by the second parsing unit, upon being triggered by the first determining unit.
[0155] The client signal recovering unit 117 is adapted to restore data of an OPUk payload area of the next OTN frame according to the client signal byte number maintained by the storing unit, so as to acquire a client signal data stream.
[0156] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the structure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the present invention cover modifications and variations of this invention provided they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.
acquiring an input client signal, recovering a client signal clock from the client signal, and storing the input client signal in a FIFO buffer unit;
acquiring a client signal byte number Cn according to the client signal clock and a system clock; characterised by
determining whether the client signal byte number Cn is a normal Cn value, or not that is, whether a new client signal type occurs, or not; and
identifying whether a new client signal occurs or not in a CC bit position of a first area of a Cbyte filed of an OPUk, wherein the Cbyte field is divided into the first area and a second area,
if a new client signal is detected, filling the acquired client signal byte number Cn value in the second area,
if a demand of increasing a byte number born by an OTN frame is generated, reversing the values of a first series of bit positions in the second area of the current OTN frame, and increasing the client signal byte number filled before the values of the bit positions in the second area are reversed by 1 in the next OTN frame,
if a demand of decreasing a byte number born by an OTN frame is generated, reversing the values of a second series of bit positions in the second area of the current OTN frame, and decreasing the client signal byte number filled before the values of the bit positions in the second area are reversed by 1 in the next OTN frame;
according to the client signal byte number Cn filled in the second area of the Cbyte field in the previous OTN frame, outputting a reading control signal to the FIFO buffer unit to control reading of the client signal.
recovering the client signal clock from the client signal by adopting a phase locked loop.
if an indication representing that the client signal is abnormal is acquired, filling all 1 or all 0 in the Cbyte field of the OPUk.
mapping the client signal having Cn bytes to the OPUk payload area in the current OTN frame through a ∑-Δ algorithm defined in G.709 Livinglist SP13; and
transmitting the OPUk to the OTN network.
saving a range of a client signal byte number Cn of an acquired client signal transported in one OTN frame period;
acquiring the client signal, and computing the Cn transported in the OTN frame period according to a client signal clock and a system clock; characterised by
identifying whether the Cn exceeds the range in a first area of a Cbyte field of an optical channel payload unit-k, OPUk, wherein the Cbyte field is divided into the first area and a second area;
in a current OTN frame, if the computed Cn exceeds the range, that is, the client signal type is changed, filling in a second area of the Cbyte field of the OPUk with the computed Cn; and if the computed Cn falls in the range, that is, the client signal type remains unchanged, filling in the second area of the Cbyte field of the OPUk of the current OTN frame with the Cn same as that filled in the previous OTN frame; and
in the frame next to the current OTN frame, mapping Cn client signal bytes to an OPUk payload area, and transmitting an optical channel transport unit, OTU, comprising the OPUk to the OTN network.
saving a range of a client signal byte number Cn of an acquired client signal transported in one OTN frame period;
acquiring the client signal, and computing the Cn transported in the OTN frame period according to a client signal clock and a system clock; characterised by
identifying whether the Cn exceeds the range in a first area of a Cbyte field of an optical channel payload unit-k, OPU;
in a current OTN frame, if the computed Cn exceeds the range, that is, the client signal type is changed, filling in a second area of the Cbyte field of the OPUk with the computed Cn; and if the computed Cn falls in the range, that is, the client signal type remains unchanged, filling in the second area of the Cbyte field of the OPUk of the current OTN frame with the Cn same as that filled in the previous OTN frame; and
in the frame next to the current OTN frame, mapping Cn client signal bytes to an OPUk payload area, and transmitting an optical channel transport unit, OTU, comprising the OPUk to the OTN network.
Beschaffen eines Eingangs-Client-Signals, Wiederherstellen eines Client-Signaltakts aus dem Client-Signal und Speichern des Eingangs-Client-Signals in einer FIFO-Puffereinheit;
Beschaffen einer Client-Signal-Bytezahl Cn gemäß dem Client-Signaltakt und einem Systemtakt; gekennzeichnet durch
Bestimmen, ob die Client-Signal-Bytezahl Cn ein normaler Cn-Wert ist oder nicht, das heißt, ob ein neuer Client-Signal-Typ auftritt oder nicht; und
Identifizieren, ob ein neues Client-Signal in einer CC-Bitposition eines ersten Bereichs eines Cbyte-Felds einer OPUk auftritt oder nicht, wobei das Cbyte-Feld in den ersten Bereich und einen zweiten Bereich aufgeteilt ist,
wenn ein neues Client-Signal detektiert wird, Füllen des beschafften Werts der Client-Signal-Bytezahl Cn in den zweiten Bereich,
wenn eine Forderung, eine von einem OTN-Rahmen getragene Bytezahl zu vergrößern, erzeugt wird, Umkehren der Werte einer ersten Reihe von Bitpositionen in dem zweiten Bereich des aktuellen OTN-Rahmens und Vergrößern der gefüllten Client-Signal-Bytezahl, bevor die Werte der Bitpositionen in dem zweiten Bereich in dem nächsten OTN-Rahmen um 1 umgekehrt werden,
wenn eine Forderung, eine von einem OTN-Rahmen getragene Bytezahl zu verkleinern, erzeugt wird, Umkehren der Werte einer zweiten Reihe von Bitpositionen in dem zweiten Bereich des aktuellen OTN-Rahmens und Verkleinern der gefüllten Client-Signal-Bytezahl, bevor die Werte der Bitpositionen in dem zweiten Bereich in dem nächsten OTN-Rahmen um 1 umgekehrt werden;
Ausgeben eines Lesesteuersignals an die FIFO-Puffereinheit gemäß der in dem zweiten Bereich des Cbyte-Felds in dem vorherigen OTN-Rahmen gefüllten Client-Signal-Bytezahl Cn, um das Lesen des Client-Signals zu steuern.
Wiederherstellen des Client-Signaltakts aus dem Client-Signal durch Verwenden eines Phasenregelkreises.
wenn eine Indikation beschafft wird, die repräsentiert, dass das Client-Signal abnorm ist, Füllen von durchweg 1 oder durchweg 0 in das Cbyte-Feld der OPUk.
Abbilden des Client-Signals, das Cn Byte aufweist, auf den OPUk-Nutzinformationsbereich in dem aktuellen OTN-Rahmen durch einen in G.709 Livinglist SP 13 definierten ∑-Δ -Algorithmus; und
Übertragen der OPUk zu dem OTN-Netzwerk.
Abspeichern eines Spielraums einer Client-Signal-Bytezahl Cn eines beschafften Client-Signals, die in einer OTN-Rahmenperiode transportiert wird;
Beschaffen des Client-Signals und Berechnen der in der OTN-Rahmenperiode transportierten Cn gemäß einem Client-Signaltakt und einem Systemtakt; gekennzeichnet durch
Identifizieren, ob die Cn den Spielraum in einem ersten Bereich eines Cbyte-Felds einer Nutzinformationseinheit k OPUk des optischen Kanals überschreitet, wobei das Cbyte-Feld in den ersten Bereich und einen zweiten Bereich aufgeteilt ist;
in einem aktuellen OTN-Rahmen: wenn die berechnete Cn den Spielraum überschreitet, das heißt, der Client-Signal-Typ geändert ist, Ausfüllen eines zweiten Bereichs des Cbyte-Felds der OPUk mit der berechneten Cn; und wenn die berechnete Cn in den Spielraum fällt, das heißt, der Client-Signal-Typ unverändert bleibt, Ausfüllen des zweiten Bereichs des Cbyte-Felds der OPUk des aktuellen OTN-Rahmens mit derselben Cn wie der in den vorherigen OTN-Rahmen gefüllten; und
in dem Rahmen neben dem aktuellen OTN-Rahmen: Abbilden von Cn Client-Signalbyte auf einen OPUk-Nutzinformationsbereich und Übertragen einer Transporteinheit OTU des optischen Kanals, die die OPUk umfasst, zu dem OTN-Netzwerk.
Abspeichern eines Spielraums einer Client-Signal-Bytezahl Cn eines beschafften Client-Signals, die in einer OTN-Rahmenperiode transportiert wird;
Beschaffen des Client-Signals und Berechnen der in der OTN-Rahmenperiode transportierten Cn gemäß einem Client-Signaltakt und einem Systemtakt; gekennzeichnet durch
Identifizieren, ob die Cn den Spielraum in einem ersten Bereich eines Cbyte-Felds einer Nutzinformationseinheit k OPU des optischen Kanals überschreitet;
in einem aktuellen OTN-Rahmen: wenn die berechnete Cn den Spielraum überschreitet, das heißt, der Client-Signal-Typ geändert ist, Ausfüllen eines zweiten Bereichs des Cbyte-Felds der OPUk mit der berechneten Cn; und wenn die berechnete Cn in den Spielraum fällt, das heißt, der Client-Signal-Typ unverändert bleibt, Ausfüllen des zweiten Bereichs des Cbyte-Felds der OPUk des aktuellen OTN-Rahmens mit derselben Cn wie der in den vorherigen OTN-Rahmen gefüllten; und
in dem Rahmen neben dem aktuellen OTN-Rahmen: Abbilden von Cn Client-Signalbyte auf einen OPUk-Nutzinformationsbereich und Übertragen einer Transporteinheit OTU des optischen Kanals, die die OPUk umfasst, zu dem OTN-Netzwerk.
l'acquisition d'un signal client d'entrée, la récupération d'une horloge de signal client à partir du signal client, et la mémorisation du signal client d'entrée dans une unité tampon FIFO ;
l'acquisition d'un nombre d'octets de signal client Cn en fonction de l'horloge de signal client et d'une horloge système ; caractérisé par
la détermination si le nombre d'octets de signal client Cn est ou non une valeur Cn normale, à savoir, si un nouveau type de signal client se produit ou non ; et
l'identification si un nouveau signal client se produit ou non dans une position binaire CC d'une première zone d'un Coctet remplie d'une OPUk, où le champ Coctet est divisé en la première zone et une seconde zone,
si un nouveau signal client est détecté, le remplissage de la valeur de nombre d'octets de signal client Cn acquise dans la seconde zone,
si une demande d'augmentation d'un nombre d'octets porté par une trame OTN est générée, l'inversion des valeurs d'une première série de positions binaires dans la seconde zone de la trame OTN courante, et l'augmentation du nombre d'octets de signal client rempli avant que les valeurs aux positions binaires dans la seconde zone soient inversées de 1 dans la trame OTN suivante,
si une demande de diminution d'un nombre d'octets porté par une trame OTN est générée, l'inversion des valeurs d'une seconde série de positions binaires dans la seconde zone de la trame OTN courante, et la diminution du nombre d'octets de signal client rempli avant que les valeurs aux positions binaires dans la seconde zone soient inversées de 1 dans la trame OTN suivante ;
en fonction du nombre d'octets de signal client Cn rempli dans la seconde zone du champ Coctet dans la trame OTN précédente, la production en sortie d'un signal de commande de lecture vers l'unité tampon FIFO pour commander la lecture du signal client.
la récupération de l'horloge de signal client à partir du signal client en adoptant une boucle asservie en phase.
si une indication signalant que le signal client est anormal est acquise, le remplissage de tous les I ou tous les 0 dans le champ Coctet de l'OPUk.
la mise en correspondance du signal client ayant Cn octets avec la zone de charge utile OPUk dans la trame OTN courante par un algorithme ∑-Δ défini dans G.709 Livinglist SP13 ; et
la transmission de l'OPUk au réseau OTN.
la sauvegarde d'une plage d'un nombre d'octets de signal client Cn d'un signal client acquis transporté dans une seule période de trame OTN ;
l'acquisition du signal client, et le calcul du Cn transporté dans la période de trame OTN en fonction d'une horloge de signal client et d'une horloge système ; caractérisé par
l'identification si le Cn dépasse ou non la plage dans une première zone d'un champ Coctet d'une unité k de charge utile de canal optique, OPUk, le champ Coctet étant divisé en la première zone et une seconde zone ;
dans une trame OTN courante, si le Cn calculé dépasse la plage, autrement dit si le type de signal client est changé, le remplissage dans une seconde zone du champ Coctet de l'OPUk avec le Cn calculé ; et si le Cn calculé se trouve dans la plage, autrement dit si le type de signal client reste inchangé, le remplissage dans la seconde zone du champ Coctet de l'OPUk de la trame OTN courante avec le même Cn que celui rempli dans la trame OTN précédente ; et
dans la trame suivant la trame OTN courante, la mise en correspondance d'octets du signal client Cn avec une zone de charge utile OPUk, et la transmission d'une unité de transport de canal optique, OTU, comprenant l'OPUk au réseau OTN.
sauvegarde d'une plage d'un nombre d'octets de signal client Cn d'un signal client acquis transporté dans une seule période de trame OTN ;
acquisition du signal client, et calcul du Cn transporté dans la période de trame OTN en fonction d'une horloge de signal client et d'une horloge système ; caractérisé par
l'identification si le Cn dépasse ou non la plage dans une première zone d'un champ Coctet d'une unité k de charge utile de canal optique, OPU ;
dans une trame OTN courante, si le Cn calculé dépasse la plage, autrement dit si le type de signal client est changé, le remplissage dans une seconde zone du champ Coctet de l'OPUk avec le Cn calculé ; et si le Cn calculé se trouve dans la plage, autrement dit si le type de signal client reste inchangé, le remplissage dans la seconde zone du champ Coctet de l'OPUk de la trame OTN courante avec le même Cn que celui rempli dans la trame OTN précédente ; et
dans la trame suivant la trame OTN courante, la mise en correspondance d'octets du signal client Cn avec une zone de charge utile OPUk, et la transmission d'une unité de transport de canal optique, OTU, comprenant l'OPUk au réseau OTN.