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<ep-patent-document id="EP08849230B1" file="EP08849230NWB1.xml" lang="en" country="EP" doc-number="2209970" kind="B1" date-publ="20120321" status="n" dtd-version="ep-patent-document-v1-4">
<SDOBI lang="en"><B000><eptags><B001EP>ATBECHDEDKESFRGBGRITLILUNLSEMCPTIESILTLVFIRO..CY..TRBGCZEEHUPLSK..HRIS..MTNO........................</B001EP><B003EP>*</B003EP><B005EP>J</B005EP><B007EP>DIM360 Ver 2.15 (14 Jul 2008) -  2100000/0</B007EP></eptags></B000><B100><B110>2209970</B110><B120><B121>EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION</B121></B120><B130>B1</B130><B140><date>20120321</date></B140><B190>EP</B190></B100><B200><B210>08849230.1</B210><B220><date>20081117</date></B220><B240><B241><date>20100430</date></B241></B240><B250>en</B250><B251EP>en</B251EP><B260>en</B260></B200><B300><B310>0722478</B310><B320><date>20071115</date></B320><B330><ctry>GB</ctry></B330></B300><B400><B405><date>20120321</date><bnum>201212</bnum></B405><B430><date>20100728</date><bnum>201030</bnum></B430><B450><date>20120321</date><bnum>201212</bnum></B450><B452EP><date>20110926</date></B452EP></B400><B500><B510EP><classification-ipcr sequence="1"><text>F01L   9/02        20060101AFI20090611BHEP        </text></classification-ipcr></B510EP><B540><B541>de</B541><B542>HYDRAULISCHES VENTILBETÄTIGUNGSSYSTEM FÜR DEN BETRIEB EINES TELLERVENTILS EINES VERBRENNUNGSMOTORS</B542><B541>en</B541><B542>HYDRAULIC VALVE OPERATING SYSTEM FOR OPERATING A POPPET VALVE OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE</B542><B541>fr</B541><B542>SYSTÈME D'ACTIONNEMENT DE SOUPAPE HYDRAULIQUE POUR ACTIONNER UNE SOUPAPE-CHAMPIGNON D'UN MOTEUR À COMBUSTION INTERNE</B542></B540><B560><B561><text>WO-A-99/58822</text></B561><B561><text>GB-A- 2 373 824</text></B561><B561><text>GB-A- 2 394 000</text></B561><B561><text>US-A1- 2008 041 467</text></B561></B560></B500><B700><B720><B721><snm>KENCHINGTON, Steven</snm><adr><str>1 Old Hall Close
Ashwellthorpe</str><city>Norwich, Norfolk NR16 1EY</city><ctry>GB</ctry></adr></B721><B721><snm>WRIGHT, David, Brian</snm><adr><str>2 Birch Road</str><city>Hethersett NR9 3QH</city><ctry>GB</ctry></adr></B721></B720><B730><B731><snm>LOTUS CARS LIMITED</snm><iid>101054193</iid><irf>AWP/P92193EP00</irf><adr><str>Hethel</str><city>Norwich
Norfolk NR14 8EZ</city><ctry>GB</ctry></adr></B731></B730><B740><B741><snm>Pluckrose, Anthony William</snm><iid>100034561</iid><adr><str>Boult Wade Tennant 
Verulam Gardens 
70 Gray's Inn Road</str><city>London WC1X 8BT</city><ctry>GB</ctry></adr></B741></B740></B700><B800><B840><ctry>AT</ctry><ctry>BE</ctry><ctry>BG</ctry><ctry>CH</ctry><ctry>CY</ctry><ctry>CZ</ctry><ctry>DE</ctry><ctry>DK</ctry><ctry>EE</ctry><ctry>ES</ctry><ctry>FI</ctry><ctry>FR</ctry><ctry>GB</ctry><ctry>GR</ctry><ctry>HR</ctry><ctry>HU</ctry><ctry>IE</ctry><ctry>IS</ctry><ctry>IT</ctry><ctry>LI</ctry><ctry>LT</ctry><ctry>LU</ctry><ctry>LV</ctry><ctry>MC</ctry><ctry>MT</ctry><ctry>NL</ctry><ctry>NO</ctry><ctry>PL</ctry><ctry>PT</ctry><ctry>RO</ctry><ctry>SE</ctry><ctry>SI</ctry><ctry>SK</ctry><ctry>TR</ctry></B840><B860><B861><dnum><anum>GB2008003861</anum></dnum><date>20081117</date></B861><B862>en</B862></B860><B870><B871><dnum><pnum>WO2009063229</pnum></dnum><date>20090522</date><bnum>200921</bnum></B871></B870><B880><date>20100728</date><bnum>201030</bnum></B880></B800></SDOBI>
<description id="desc" lang="en"><!-- EPO <DP n="1"> -->
<p id="p0001" num="0001">The present invention relates to a valve operating system for operating a poppet valve of an internal combustion engine.</p>
<p id="p0002" num="0002">It is typical for an internal combustion engine to use poppet valves as inlet and exhaust valves controlling flow of fuel/air charge into and combusted gases out of a combustion chamber. Traditionally, these have been cam driven. While such a system is robust, it does not allow any (or only limited) variation of valve motion with changes in engine speed and load. Therefore, more recently it has been proposed to use hydraulic actuators to open and close internal combustion engine poppet valves. The actuators are electronically controlled and allow variation of the valve opening and closing points (measured in terms of degrees of crankshaft rotation) from engine cycle to engine cycle.</p>
<p id="p0003" num="0003">In <patcit id="pcit0001" dnum="WO2004033861A"><text>W02004/033861</text></patcit> the applicant has described a hydraulic actuator for opening and closing a poppet valve. In <patcit id="pcit0002" dnum="WO2004011833A"><text>W02004/011833</text></patcit> the applicant has disclosed a valve for connecting a hydraulic actuator to either a source of pressurised fluid or to a fluid return. The applicant has researched how best to control operation of a system using the previously described hydraulic actuator and the previously described valve.</p>
<p id="p0004" num="0004">Im <patcit id="pcit0003" dnum="GB2373824A"><text>GB 2373824</text></patcit> the applicant has disclosed a hydraulic value actuating system according to the preamble of claim 1.</p>
<p id="p0005" num="0005">In a first aspect, the present invention provides a valve operating system for operating a poppet valve of an internal combustion engine comprising:
<ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact">
<li>a source of pressurised hydraulic fluid;<!-- EPO <DP n="2"> --></li>
<li>a fluid return;</li>
<li>a hydraulic actuator which acts on the poppet valve;</li>
<li>a first valve connected to both the source of pressurised fluid and the fluid return;</li>
<li>a second valve which is connected between the first valve and the hydraulic actuator, which is a bistable switching valve and which operates to either connect the hydraulic actuator with the first valve or to disconnect the hydraulic actuator from the first valve;</li>
<li>a sensor which provides a signal indicative of position of the poppet valve; and</li>
<li>an electronic controller which receives the signal indicative of poppet valve position and which controls operation of both the first and second valves to:
<ul id="ul0002" list-style="none" compact="compact">
<li>open the poppet valve by connecting the hydraulic actuator to the source of pressurised fluid via the first and second valves;</li>
<li>close the poppet valve by connecting the hydraulic actuator to the fluid return via the first and second valves; or</li>
<li>maintain the poppet valve in position by using the second valve to disconnect the hydraulic actuator from the first valve.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></p>
<p id="p0006" num="0006">In a second aspect the present invention provide a valve operating system for operating a pair of poppet valves of an internal combustion engine comprising:
<ul id="ul0003" list-style="none" compact="compact">
<li>a source of pressurised hydraulic fluid;</li>
<li>a fluid return;</li>
<li>a first hydraulic actuator which acts on a first of the poppet valves;</li>
<li>a second hydraulic actuator which acts on a second of the poppet valves;<!-- EPO <DP n="3"> --></li>
<li>a first valve connected to both the source of pressurised fluid and the fluid return;</li>
<li>a second valve which is connected between the first valve and the first hydraulic actuator, which is a bistable switching valve and which operates to either connect the first hydraulic actuator with the first valve or to disconnect the first hydraulic actuator from the first valve;</li>
<li>a third valve which is connected between the first valve and the second hydraulic actuator, which is a bistable switching valve and which operates to either connect the second hydraulic actuator to the first valve or to disconnect the second hydraulic actuator from the first valve;</li>
<li>a first sensor which provides a signal indicative of position of the first poppet valve;</li>
<li>a second sensor which provides a signal indicative of position of the second poppet valve; and</li>
<li>an electronic controller which receives the signals indicative of positions of the first and second poppet valves and which controls operation of all of the first, second and third valves to:
<ul id="ul0004" list-style="none" compact="compact">
<li>open the first poppet valve by connecting the first hydraulic actuator to the source of pressurised fluid via the first and second valves;</li>
<li>close the first poppet valve by connecting the first hydraulic actuator to the fluid return via the first and second valves;</li>
<li>maintain the first poppet valve in position by using the second valve to disconnect the hydraulic actuator from the first valve;<!-- EPO <DP n="4"> --></li>
<li>open the second poppet valve by connecting the second hydraulic actuator to the source of pressurised fluid via the first and third valves;</li>
<li>close the second poppet valve by connecting the second hydraulic actuator to the fluid return via the first and third valves; and/or</li>
<li>maintain the second poppet valve in position by using the third valve to disconnect the hydraulic actuator from the second valve.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></p>
<p id="p0007" num="0007">A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
<ul id="ul0005" list-style="none" compact="compact">
<li><figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref> is a schematic drawing of a pair of poppet valves operated by hydraulic actuators and controlled by a combination of switching valves and a flow direction control valve;</li>
<li><figref idref="f0002">Figure 2</figref> is an illustration of an actuator of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref>;</li>
<li><figref idref="f0003">Figure 3</figref> is an illustration of a flow direction control valve of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref>;</li>
<li><figref idref="f0004">Figure 4</figref> illustrates a first valve lift profile of one of the poppet valves of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref> during an engine cycle and also the control signals sent to the switching and flow direction control valves at different points of the engine cycle;</li>
<li><figref idref="f0005">Figure 5</figref> is a simplified control diagram of the control system used to control the operation of the poppet valves of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref>; and</li>
<li><figref idref="f0006">Figure 6</figref> illustrates a second valve lift profile of one of the poppet valves of <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref> during an engine cycle at low engine speeds and also the control signals sent to the switching and flow direction control valves at different points of the engine cycle.</li>
</ul><!-- EPO <DP n="5"> --></p>
<p id="p0008" num="0008">Turning firstly to <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref>, there can be seen an inlet valve 10 of an internal combustion engine which controls flow of fuel/air charge from an inlet passage 11 into a combustion chamber 12. The inlet valve 10 is a poppet valve. It is opened by a hydraulic actuator 13 against the force of a biasing spring 14, the spring acting to close the poppet valve 10.</p>
<p id="p0009" num="0009">The actuator 13 is of the type described in <patcit id="pcit0004" dnum="WO2004033861A"><text>W02004/033861</text></patcit> and is shown in more detail in <figref idref="f0002">Figure 2</figref>. In the Figure the inlet valve 10 can be seen and it can be seen that the valve spring 14 shown schematically in <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref> actually comprises a pair of springs 104 and 105 acting between a surface 106 in the cylinder head and a collar 107 provided on the valve stem of the poppet valve 10. The actuator comprises a lower piston 15 and an upper piston 16. The operation of the actuator is described in detail in <patcit id="pcit0005" dnum="WO2004033861A"><text>W02004/033861</text></patcit> and therefore will not be described in detail in this patent specification. The actuator 13 operates during opening of the valve 10 by the piston 16 moving downwardly under application of fluid pressure until it reaches an end stop, with the piston 16 engaging and moving the piston 15. Then, the lower piston 15 moves under the application of fluid pressure. The piston 15 acts on the top of the valve stem 10. The larger area of the piston 16 means that the force applied by the piston 16 to the valve 10 is greater for a given system pressure than the force applied by the piston 15 with its smaller surface area. For a given amount of fluid flow, the movement of the piston 15 is greater than the movement of the piston 16 by reason of the difference in areas.<!-- EPO <DP n="6"> --></p>
<p id="p0010" num="0010">Operation of the actuator 13 is controlled by a bistable switching valve 20 and a bistable flow direction control valve 21 which is of the type described in <patcit id="pcit0006" dnum="WO2004011833A"><text>WO2004/011833</text></patcit> and is shown in detail in <figref idref="f0003">Figure 3</figref>. The valve 21 controls flow of fluid from a source of pressurised fluid 22 (e.g. a pump, see <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref>) via a pressure line 214 and also controls flow of fluid to a fluid return (e.g. a sump 23 - see <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref>), via a fluid return line 215. The operation of the valve 21 has been described in detail in <patcit id="pcit0007" dnum="WO2004011833A"><text>WO2004/011833</text></patcit> and therefore will not be described in detail in the specification. Suffice to say that the valve 21 can connect the valves, 20, 30 to either the source of pressurised fluid 22 or the return for pressurised fluid 23. In other words, the valve 21 is a bistable two-position valve and the two positions are graphically illustrated in <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref>. The valve 21 is a fast acting switching valve which switches between two conditions; it is not a metering valve for regulating the rate of fluid flow through the valve, i.e. the valve 21 controls direction of flow, not rate of flow.</p>
<p id="p0011" num="0011">As shown in <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref>, the flow direction control valve 21 controls flow of fluid to bistable switching valve 20 which in turn controls flow of fluid to and from the actuator 13. The valve 21 also controls flow of fluid to a second bistable switching valve 30, identical to valve 20, which controls flow of fluid to and from a second actuator 31, identical to actuator 13. The switching valves 20,30 are fast acting bistable switching valves which switch between two conditions; neither are metering valves for regulating rate of flow fluid, i.e. they switch flow on or off, but do not control rate of flow therethrough.<!-- EPO <DP n="7"> --></p>
<p id="p0012" num="0012">The actuator 31 acts on a second poppet valve 32, which is an exhaust valve controlling flow of combusted gases from the combustion chamber 12 to an exhaust runner 33. A valve spring 34 acts on the poppet valve 32 to close the poppet valve.</p>
<p id="p0013" num="0013">Operation of the system previously described will now be explained with reference to <figref idref="f0004">Figures 4</figref> and <figref idref="f0005">5</figref>. <figref idref="f0004">Figure 4</figref> shows the lift of the valve 10 plotted against time during one opening event. Also shown in the Figure are the control signals used to control the switching valve 20 (shown at SV) and the flow direction control valve 21 (shown at FCV). The L<sub>0</sub> position shows the poppet valve 10 closed. At point A the poppet valve 10 starts to lift away from its valve seat. This is achieved by controlling the flow direction control valve 21 so that it connects the switching valve 20 to the source of pressurised fluid 22 and then opening the switching valve 20 to allow flow of hydraulic fluid from the source of pressurised fluid 22 via the flow direction control valve 21 to the hydraulic actuator 13. The switching valve 20 is bistable and the impulse shown in <figref idref="f0005">Figure 5</figref> associated with point A switches the valve to its open condition. The valve remains open until a second control signal is supplied to it (described later). The flow direction control valve is switched to the source 22 prior to opening of the switching valve 20, as can be seen from the impulse on line FCV. Between A and B the valve opening is occasioned by movement of the piston 16, whilst between B and C the valve movement is occasioned by movement of the piston 15. This is the reason for the varying gradient between A and B and between B and C.<!-- EPO <DP n="8"> --></p>
<p id="p0014" num="0014">At C, the switching valve 20 is switched to a closed position to stop fluid flow and to maintain the poppet valve 10 in its maximum open position with the maximum valve lift L2. The maximum valve lift L2 will vary from engine cycle to engine cycle with varying engine speed and load.</p>
<p id="p0015" num="0015">Between C and D the valve 10 is maintained in its maximum lift valve open condition. It remains stationary during this period. In advance of the point D the control signal FCV is controlled so that the flow direction control valve 21 switches to connect the switching valve 20 to the sump 23. Then at D, the switching valve is switched to an open condition to allow flow of fluid out of the actuator 13 via the switching valve 20 and the flow direction control valve 21 to the sump 23. The valve spring 14 applies the biasing force which forces the fluid from the actuator 13. Between D and E the piston 15 moves alone within the actuator 13 and then at E the piston 15 engages the piston 16 and both pistons 15, 16 move together between E and F as the poppet valve 10 approaches its closed position. For this reason, the gradient between D and E is different to the gradient between E and F.</p>
<p id="p0016" num="0016">At F, the switching valve 20 is controlled and switched to the closed position to keep the poppet valve 10 closed until it is next opened. Then, the flow direction control valve 21 is switched back to the source of pressurised fluid, ready for actuating the valve 32 via the actuator 31.</p>
<p id="p0017" num="0017">The exhaust poppet valve 32 will be similarly controlled using a combination of the flow direction control valve 21 and the switching valve 30.<!-- EPO <DP n="9"> --></p>
<p id="p0018" num="0018">The switching valves 21 and 30 are very fast acting and allow precise control of the time of starting and stopping of valve motion. In order to control the valve motion the control system has to control the start point A, the period α2 to the point C, the period α3 to the point D and then the period α5 to the point F. The points B and E are not specifically controlled but will result from the characteristics of the actuator during opening and closing. In this way, both the valve lift and the valve opening duration are controlled. Although the <figref idref="f0005">Figure 5</figref> shows crank angle α on the X axis, it could also show time since time will be directly related to crank angle for any given speed of rotation.</p>
<p id="p0019" num="0019"><figref idref="f0005">Figure 5</figref> shows the control diagram for the engine valve operating system. The controller 40 (see <figref idref="f0001">Figure 1</figref>) receives a signal indicative of engine speed, typically from a crankshaft rotation sensor, a signal indicative of engine load, e.g. from a manifold depression sensor and feedback signals showing the positions of the poppet valves 10 and 32 as measured by two position sensors 41 and 42 associated respectively with the actuators 13 and 31. The crankshaft position sensor can be differentiated with respect to time to give an indication of engine speed. The position sensors 41 and 42 could be replaced with velocity sensors, whose output could then be integrated with respect to time to give position. The controller 40 uses a look-up table 50 (see <figref idref="f0005">Figure 5</figref>) to determine for a given engine speed and engine load a desired valve opening duration and valve lift and a lift demand signal is generated. This is then used to generate an error signal at 54 (described later) and this is converted at 51 into control signals controlling the switching valve and flow direction control valve as<!-- EPO <DP n="10"> --> previously described. In <figref idref="f0005">Figure 5</figref> the combination of flow direction control valve, switching valve and actuator is shown as 51. The control signals input at 51 result in a lift. The valve lift is then measured, (e.g. by the sensor 41) and this feedback signal is then fed to a feedback loop 53, which contains a Proportional, Integral, Differential (PID) signal processor 52, which can be used to modify the feedback signal. The feedback lift signal is combined with the lift demand signal at 54. In this way a closed loop system is provided which during the lifetime of the system compensates for wear of the components and for variations in operation due to changes in ambient temperature, system pressure, etc. For instance, for a given system pressure there will be a maximum flow capability and the timing of opening and closing of the switching valve will have to be varied to accommodate e.g. a lower system pressure than expected by the system. The error signal from the valve lift gives this possibility.</p>
<p id="p0020" num="0020">The error signal is used to vary the timing of closing and opening of the switching valve, the periods α<sub>2</sub>, α<sub>3</sub> and α<sub>5</sub> in <figref idref="f0004">Figure 4</figref>.</p>
<p id="p0021" num="0021">At very low engine speeds the range of control provided by the method of control previously described may not be sufficient to provide the desired valve lift. Instead, a method of operation illustrated graphically by <figref idref="f0006">Figure 6</figref> could be used. The valve lift is occasioned solely by movement of the pistons 16 and 15 together - piston 15 does not move separately. Rather than the piston 16 moving the whole length of its stroke as described previously, the piston 16 is moved incrementally by switching on and switching off the switching valve 20. At α<sub>1</sub> the switching<!-- EPO <DP n="11"> --> valve 20 is switched on and it is then switched off again at α<sub>2</sub> before the piston 16 has completed its maximum stroke. It is switched on again at α<sub>3</sub> and off at α<sub>4</sub>, on at α<sub>5</sub> and off at α<sub>6</sub>. In this way, the piston 16 is moved down in stages. Similarly, the piston is returned under the action of the valve spring in stages, the switching valve 20 being switched on at α<sub>7</sub> and off at α<sub>8</sub>, then on at α<sub>9</sub> and off at α<sub>10</sub>, then on at α<sub>11</sub> and off at α<sub>12</sub>. In this way, a slower lifting and slower closing of the poppet valve 10 can be achieved. The bigger area of the piston 16 allows for better control of the motion of the piston 16 than the piston 15 and therefore enables the control illustrated in <figref idref="f0006">Figure 6</figref>. The total movement under the control of the larger piston 16 will be around 0.9 mm.</p>
<p id="p0022" num="0022">The crank angle position will typically be provided by a crank sensor which reads teeth on a toothed wheel. Typically, there are provided 58 teeth, spaced as if there were 60 teeth with two gaps. The two gaps indicate top dead centre of the piston within the cylinder. The teeth that are present are spaced (other than at the gaps) by an equivalent of 3 degrees of crankshaft rotation. Sometimes, this does not give sufficient resolution of crank angle. Typically, this allows resolution of crank angle to 0.5 degrees. However, it is often desired to have resolution to 0.1 degree of crank angle position. The applicant envisages that the crank angle sensor could be modified to provide such a resolution without providing extra teeth. This could be done by using software to interpolate between actual measured points of crank shaft rotation.</p>
</description>
<claims id="claims01" lang="en"><!-- EPO <DP n="12"> -->
<claim id="c-en-01-0001" num="0001">
<claim-text>A valve operating system for operating a poppet valve (10) of an internal combustion engine comprising:
<claim-text>a source of pressurised hydraulic fluid (22);</claim-text>
<claim-text>a fluid return (23);</claim-text>
<claim-text>a hydraulic actuator (13) which acts on the poppet valve;</claim-text>
<claim-text>a first valve (21) connected to both the source of pressurised fluid and the fluid return;</claim-text>
<claim-text>a second valve (20) which is connected between the first valve and the hydraulic actuator;</claim-text>
<claim-text>a sensor (41, 42) which provides a signal indicative of position of the poppet valve; and</claim-text>
<claim-text>an electronic controller (40) which receives the signal indicative of poppet valve position and which controls operation of both the first and second valves to:
<claim-text>open the poppet valve by connecting the hydraulic actuator to the source of pressurised fluid via the first and second valves;</claim-text>
<claim-text>close the poppet valve by connecting the hydraulic actuator to the fluid return via the first and second valves; or</claim-text>
<claim-text>maintain the poppet valve in position by using the second valve to disconnect the hydraulic actuator from the first valve,</claim-text>
<claim-text><b>characterised in that</b>:
<claim-text>the second valve is a bistable switching valve and which operates to either connect the hydraulic actuator with the first valve or to disconnect the hydraulic actuator from the first valve;<!-- EPO <DP n="13"> --></claim-text>
<claim-text>the hydraulic actuator comprises a first piston (16) having a pressure face on which supplied hydraulic fluid applies pressure, and</claim-text>
<claim-text>a second piston (15) also having a pressure face on which supplied hydraulic fluid applies pressure;</claim-text>
<claim-text>the pressure face of the first piston is larger than the pressure face of the second piston; and</claim-text>
<claim-text>during opening of the poppet valve the first and second pistons initially move together and then latterly the second piston moves alone.</claim-text></claim-text></claim-text></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0002" num="0002">
<claim-text>A valve operating system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first valve (21) is a bistable valve which operates to either connect the second valve to the source of pressurised fluid (22) or to connect the second valve (20) to the fluid returns (23).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0003" num="0003">
<claim-text>A valve operating system as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 which comprises a valve spring (14) which applies a closing force on the poppet valve (10).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0004" num="0004">
<claim-text>A valve operating system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the electronic controller (40) controls valve lift by control of the second valve (20) and by controlling duration of connection of the hydraulic actuator (13) to the first valve (21).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0005" num="0005">
<claim-text>A valve operating system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the electronic controller (40) switches the first valve (21) between connection to the source of pressurised fluid (22) and connection to the fluid return (23) only while the second valve (20) disconnects the hydraulic actuator (13) from the first valve.<!-- EPO <DP n="14"> --></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0006" num="0006">
<claim-text>A valve operating system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims comprising a sensor which produce a signal indicative of crankshaft rotation position which is used by the electronic controller (40) to determine timing of operation of the first and second valves (21, 20).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0007" num="0007">
<claim-text>A valve operating system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the electronic controller (40) uses a look-up table to determine a valve lift demand which is then used to control operation of the first and second valves (21, 20).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0008" num="0008">
<claim-text>A valve operating system as claimed in claim 7 wherein the electronic controller (40) uses the signal indicative of poppet valve (10) position to provide a feedback signal which is used to modify the valve lift demand in closed loop control of the hydraulic actuator (13).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0009" num="0009">
<claim-text>A valve operating system for operating a pair of poppet valves (10) of an internal combustion engine comprising:
<claim-text>a source of pressurised hydraulic fluid (22);</claim-text>
<claim-text>a fluid return (23);</claim-text>
<claim-text>a first hydraulic actuator (13) which acts on a first of the poppet valves;</claim-text>
<claim-text>a second hydraulic actuator (31) which acts on a second of the poppet valves;</claim-text>
<claim-text>a first valve (21) connected to both the source of pressurised fluid and the fluid return;</claim-text>
<claim-text>a second valve (20) which is connected between the first valve and the first hydraulic actuator;</claim-text>
<claim-text>a third valve (30) which is connected between the first valve and the second hydraulic actuator;<!-- EPO <DP n="15"> --></claim-text>
<claim-text>a first sensor (41) which provides a signal indicative of position of the first poppet valve;</claim-text>
<claim-text>a second sensor (42) which provides a signal indicative of position of the second poppet valve; and</claim-text>
<claim-text>an electronic controller (40) which receives the signals indicative of positions of the first and second poppet valves and which controls operation of all of the first, second and third valves to:
<claim-text>open the first poppet valve by connecting the first hydraulic actuator to the source of pressurised fluid via the first and second valves;</claim-text>
<claim-text>close the first poppet valve by connecting the first hydraulic actuator to the fluid return via the first and second valves;</claim-text>
<claim-text>maintain the first poppet valve in position by using the second valve to disconnect the hydraulic actuator from the first valve;</claim-text>
<claim-text>open the second poppet valve by connecting the second hydraulic actuator to the source of pressurised fluid via the first and third valves;</claim-text>
<claim-text>close the second poppet valve by connecting the second hydraulic actuator to the fluid return via the first and third valves; and/or</claim-text>
<claim-text>maintain the second poppet valve in position by using the third valve to disconnect the hydraulic actuator from the second valve,</claim-text>
<claim-text><b>characterised in that</b>:
<claim-text>the second valve is a bistable switching valve and which operates to either connect the first hydraulic actuator with the first valve or to disconnect the first hydraulic actuator from the first valve;</claim-text>
<claim-text>the third valve is a bistable switching valve and which operates to either connect the second hydraulic actuator to<!-- EPO <DP n="16"> --> the first valve or to disconnect the second hydraulic actuator from the first valve;</claim-text>
<claim-text>each hydraulic actuator comprises a first piston (16) having a pressure face on which supplied hydraulic fluid applies pressure, and</claim-text>
<claim-text>a second piston (15) also having a pressure face on which supplied hydraulic fluid applies pressure;</claim-text>
<claim-text>the pressure face of the first piston is larger than the pressure face of the second piston; and</claim-text>
<claim-text>during opening of the first and second poppet valves the first and second pistons initially move together and then latterly the second piston moves alone.</claim-text></claim-text></claim-text></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0010" num="0010">
<claim-text>A valve operating system as claimed in claim 9 wherein the first valve (21) is a bistable switching valve which operates to either connect the second and third valves (20, 30) to the source of pressurised fluid (22) or to connect the second and third valves to the fluid return (23).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0011" num="0011">
<claim-text>A valve operating system as claimed in any one of claim 9 or claim 10 which comprises a first valve spring (14) which applies a closing force on the first poppet valve (10) and a second valve spring (34) which applies a closing force on the second poppet valve (32).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0012" num="0012">
<claim-text>A valve operating system as claimed in any one of the claims 9 to 11 wherein the electronic controller (40) controls valve lift of the first poppet valve (10) by control of the second valve (20) and by controlling duration of connection of the first hydraulic actuator (13) to the first valve (21) and the electronic controller controls valve lift of the second poppet valve (32) by control of the third valve (30) and by controlling duration of connection<!-- EPO <DP n="17"> --> of the second hydraulic actuator (31) to the first valve (21).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0013" num="0013">
<claim-text>A valve operating system as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 12 wherein the electronic controller (40) switches the first valve (21) between connection to the source of pressurised fluid (22) and connection to the fluid return (23) only while the second valve (20) disconnects the first hydraulic actuator (13) from the first valve and only while the third valve (30) disconnects the second hydraulic actuator (31) from the first valve.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0014" num="0014">
<claim-text>A valve operating system as claimed in claim 13 wherein the second valve (20) connects the first actuator (13) to the first valve (21) only while the third valve (30) disconnects the second actuator (31) from the first valve and the third valve connects the second actuator to the first valve only while the second valve disconnects the first actuator from the first valve.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0015" num="0015">
<claim-text>A valve operating system as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 14 comprising a sensor which produces a signal indicative of crankshaft rotational position which is used by the electronic controller (40) to determine timing of operation of the first, second and third valves (21, 20, 30) .</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0016" num="0016">
<claim-text>A valve operating system as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 15 wherein the electronic controller (40) uses a look-up table to determine valve lift demands for the first and second poppet valves (10, 32) which then are used to control operation of the first, second and third valves (21, 20, 30).<!-- EPO <DP n="18"> --></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-en-01-0017" num="0017">
<claim-text>A valve operating system as claimed in claim 16 wherein the electronic controller (40) uses the signals indicative of poppet valve (10, 32) positions to provide feedback signals which are used to modify the valve lift demands in closed loop control of the hydraulic actuators (13, 31).</claim-text></claim>
</claims>
<claims id="claims02" lang="de"><!-- EPO <DP n="19"> -->
<claim id="c-de-01-0001" num="0001">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem zum Bedienen eines Sitzventils (10) eines Verbrennungsmotors, Folgendes umfassend:
<claim-text>eine Quelle für mit Druck beaufschlagtes Hydraulikfluid (22),</claim-text>
<claim-text>eine Fluidrückführung (23),</claim-text>
<claim-text>ein hydraulisches Betätigungselement (13), das am Sitzventil wirkt,</claim-text>
<claim-text>ein erstes Ventil (21), das sowohl an die Quelle für mit Druck beaufschlagtes Fluid als auch an die Fluidrückführung angeschlossen ist,</claim-text>
<claim-text>ein zweites Ventil (20), das zwischen dem ersten Ventil und dem hydraulischen Betätigungselement angeschlossen ist,</claim-text>
<claim-text>einen Sensor (41, 42), der ein Signal bereitstellt, das die Position des Sitzventils anzeigt, und</claim-text>
<claim-text>eine elektronische Steuerung (40), die das Signal empfängt, das die Position des Sitzventils anzeigt, und die den Betrieb sowohl des ersten als auch des zweiten Ventils steuert zum:
<claim-text>Öffnen des Sitzventils durch Anschließen des hydraulischen Betätigungselements an die Quelle für mit Druck beaufschlagtes Fluid über das erste und das zweite Ventil,</claim-text>
<claim-text>Schließen des Sitzventils durch Anschließen des hydraulischen Betätigungselements an die<!-- EPO <DP n="20"> --> Fluidrückführung über das erste und das zweite Ventil,</claim-text>
<claim-text>oder</claim-text>
<claim-text>Halten des Sitzventils in Position durch Verwenden des zweiten Ventils, um das hydraulische Betätigungselement vom ersten Ventil zu trennen,</claim-text>
<claim-text><b>dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass</b>:
<claim-text>das zweite Ventil ein bistabiles Umschaltventil ist, das arbeitet, um entweder das hydraulische Betätigungselement an das erste Ventil anzuschließen oder das hydraulische Betätigungselement vom ersten Ventil zu trennen,</claim-text>
<claim-text>das hydraulische Betätigungselement einen ersten Kolben (16) umfasst, der eine Druckfläche aufweist, auf die zugeführtes Hydraulikfluid Druck ausübt, und</claim-text>
<claim-text>einen zweiten Kolben (15), der ebenfalls eine Druckfläche aufweist, auf die zugeführtes Hydraulikfluid Druck ausübt,</claim-text>
<claim-text>die Druckfläche des ersten Kolbens größer als die Druckfläche des zweiten Kolbens ist, und</claim-text>
<claim-text>sich während des Öffnens des Sitzventils der erste und der zweite Kolben anfänglich zusammen bewegen und sich der zweite Kolben dann letztlich allein bewegt.</claim-text></claim-text></claim-text></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0002" num="0002">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei das erste Ventil (21) ein bistabiles Ventil ist, das arbeitet, um entweder das zweite Ventil an die Quelle für mit Druck beaufschlagtes Fluid (22) anzuschließen, oder um das zweite Ventil (20) an die Fluidrückführung (23) anzuschließen.<!-- EPO <DP n="21"> --></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0003" num="0003">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, das eine Ventilfeder (14) umfasst, die eine Schließkraft auf das Sitzventil (10) ausübt.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0004" num="0004">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die elektronische Steuerung (40) den Ventilhub durch Steuern des zweiten Ventils (20) und durch Steuern der Dauer des Anschlusses des hydraulischen Betätigungselements (13) an das erste Ventil (21) steuert.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0005" num="0005">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die elektronische Steuerung (40) das erste Ventil (21) nur zwischen dem Anschluss an die Quelle für mit Druck beaufschlagtes Fluid (22) und dem Anschluss an die Fluidrückführung (23) umschaltet, während das zweite Ventil (20) das hydraulische Betätigungselement (13) vom ersten Ventil trennt.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0006" num="0006">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, einen Sensor umfassend, der ein Signal erzeugt, das eine Kurbelwellen-Drehposition anzeigt, die von der elektronischen Steuerung (40) verwendet wird, um den Zeitpunkt des Bedienens des ersten und des zweiten Ventils (21, 20) zu bestimmen.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0007" num="0007">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die elektronische Steuerung (40) eine Nachschlagetabelle verwendet, um eine Ventilhubanforderung zu bestimmen, die dann verwendet wird, um den Betrieb des ersten und des zweiten Ventils (21, 20) zu steuern.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0008" num="0008">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem nach Anspruch 7, wobei die elektronische Steuerung (40) das Signal, das die Position des Sitzventils (10) anzeigt, verwendet, um ein Rückkopplungssignal bereitzustellen, das verwendet<!-- EPO <DP n="22"> --> wird, um die Ventilhubanforderung in einer Regelung mit geschlossenem Regelkreis des hydraulischen Betätigungselements (13) zu modifizieren.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0009" num="0009">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem zum Bedienen eines Paares von Sitzventilen (10) eines Verbrennungsmotors, Folgendes umfassend:
<claim-text>eine Quelle für mit Druck beaufschlagtes Hydraulikfluid (22),</claim-text>
<claim-text>eine Fluidrückführung (23),</claim-text>
<claim-text>ein erstes hydraulisches Betätigungselement (13), das an einem ersten der Sitzventile wirkt,</claim-text>
<claim-text>ein zweites hydraulisches Betätigungselement (31), das an einem zweiten der Sitzventile wirkt,</claim-text>
<claim-text>ein erstes Ventil (21), das sowohl an der Quelle für mit Druck beaufschlagtes Fluid als auch an der Fluidrückführung angeschlossen ist,</claim-text>
<claim-text>ein zweites Ventil (20), das zwischen dem ersten Ventil und dem hydraulischen Betätigungselement angeschlossen ist,</claim-text>
<claim-text>ein drittes Ventil (30), das zwischen dem ersten Ventil und dem zweiten hydraulischen Betätigungselement angeschlossen ist,</claim-text>
<claim-text>einen ersten Sensor (41), der ein Signal bereitstellt, das die Position des ersten Sitzventils anzeigt,</claim-text>
<claim-text>einen zweiten Sensor (42), der ein Signal bereitstellt, das die Position des zweiten Sitzventils anzeigt, und<!-- EPO <DP n="23"> --></claim-text>
<claim-text>eine elektronische Steuerung (40), die die Signale empfängt, welche die Positionen des ersten und des zweiten Sitzventils anzeigen, und der den Betrieb des ersten, des zweiten und des dritten Ventils steuert zum:
<claim-text>Öffnen des ersten Sitzventils durch Anschließen des ersten hydraulischen Betätigungselements an die Quelle für mit Druck beaufschlagtes Fluid über das erste und das zweite Ventil,</claim-text>
<claim-text>Schließen des ersten Sitzventils durch Anschließen des ersten hydraulischen Betätigungselements an die Fluidrückführung über das erste und das zweite Ventil,</claim-text>
<claim-text>Halten des ersten Sitzventils in Position durch Verwenden des zweiten Ventils, um das hydraulische Betätigungselement vom ersten Ventil zu trennen,</claim-text>
<claim-text>Öffnen des zweiten Sitzventils durch Anschließen des zweiten hydraulischen Betätigungselements an die Quelle für mit Druck beaufschlagtes Fluid über das erste und das dritte Ventil,</claim-text>
<claim-text>Schließen des zweiten Sitzventils durch Anschließen des zweiten hydraulischen Betätigungselements an die Fluidrückführung über das erste und das dritte Ventil und/oder</claim-text>
<claim-text>Halten des zweiten Sitzventils in Position durch Verwenden des dritten Ventils, um das hydraulische Betätigungselement vom zweiten Ventil zu trennen,</claim-text>
<claim-text><b>dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass</b>:
<claim-text>das zweite Ventil ein bistabiles Umschaltventil ist, das arbeitet, um entweder das erste hydraulische<!-- EPO <DP n="24"> --> Betätigungselement an das erste Ventil anzuschließen oder das erste hydraulische Betätigungselement vom ersten Ventil zu trennen,</claim-text>
<claim-text>das dritte Ventil ein bistabiles Umschaltventil ist, das arbeitet, um entweder das zweite hydraulische Betätigungselement an das erste Ventil anzuschließen oder das zweite hydraulische Betätigungselement vom ersten Ventil zu trennen,</claim-text>
<claim-text>jedes hydraulische Betätigungselement einen ersten Kolben (16) umfasst, der eine Druckfläche aufweist, auf die zugeführtes Hydraulikfluid Druck ausübt, und</claim-text>
<claim-text>einen zweiten Kolben (15), der ebenfalls eine Druckfläche aufweist, auf die zugeführtes Hydraulikfluid Druck ausübt,</claim-text>
<claim-text>die Druckfläche des ersten Kolbens größer als die Druckfläche des zweiten Kolbens ist, und</claim-text>
<claim-text>sich während des Öffnens des ersten und des zweiten Sitzventils der erste und der zweite Kolben anfänglich zusammen bewegen und sich der zweite Kolben dann letztlich allein bewegt.</claim-text></claim-text></claim-text></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0010" num="0010">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem nach Anspruch 9, wobei das erste Ventil (21) ein bistabiles Umschaltventil ist, das arbeitet, um entweder das zweite und das dritte Ventil (20, 30) an die Quelle für mit Druck beaufschlagtes Fluid (22) anzuschließen oder um das zweite und das dritte Ventil an die Fluidrückführung (23) anzuschließen.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0011" num="0011">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, das eine erste Ventilfeder (14) umfasst, die eine Schließkraft auf das erste Sitzventil (10) ausübt, und<!-- EPO <DP n="25"> --> eine zweite Ventilfeder (34), die eine Schließkraft auf das zweite Sitzventil (32) ausübt.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0012" num="0012">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, wobei die elektronische Steuerung (40) den Ventilhub des ersten Sitzventils (10) durch Steuern des zweiten Ventils (20) und durch Steuern der Dauer des Anschlusses des ersten hydraulischen Betätigungselements (13) an das erste Ventil (21) steuert und die elektronische Steuerung den Ventilhub des zweiten Sitzventils (32) durch Steuern des dritten Ventils (30) und durch Steuern der Dauer des Anschlusses des zweiten hydraulischen Betätigungselements (31) an das erste Ventil (21) steuert.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0013" num="0013">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, wobei die elektronische Steuerung (40) das erste Ventil (21) nur zwischen dem Anschluss an die Quelle für mit Druck beaufschlagtes Fluid (22) und dem Anschluss an die Fluidrückführung (23) umschaltet, während das zweite Ventil (20) das erste hydraulische Betätigungselement (13) vom ersten Ventil trennt und nur während das dritte Ventil (30) das zweite hydraulische Betätigungselement (31) vom ersten Ventil trennt.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0014" num="0014">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem nach Anspruch 13, wobei das zweite Ventil (20) das erste Betätigungselement (13) nur an das erste Ventil (21) anschließt, während das dritte Ventil (30) das zweite Betätigungselement (31) vom ersten Ventil trennt, und das dritte Ventil das zweite Betätigungselement nur an das erste Ventil anschließt, während das zweite Ventil das erste Betätigungselement vom ersten Ventil trennt.<!-- EPO <DP n="26"> --></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0015" num="0015">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 14, einen Sensor umfassend, der ein Signal erzeugt, das eine Kurbelwellen-Drehposition anzeigt, die von der elektronischen Steuerung (40) verwendet wird, um den Zeitpunkt des Bedienens des ersten, des zweiten und des dritten Ventils (21, 20, 30) zu bestimmen.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0016" num="0016">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 15, wobei die elektronische Steuerung (40) eine Nachschlagetabelle verwendet, um Ventilhubanforderungen für das erste und das zweite Sitzventil (10, 32) zu bestimmen, die dann verwendet werden, um den Betrieb des ersten, des zweiten und des dritten Ventils (21, 20, 30) zu steuern.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-de-01-0017" num="0017">
<claim-text>Ventilbediensystem nach Anspruch 16, wobei die elektronische Steuerung (40) die Signale, welche die Position der Sitzventile (10, 32) anzeigen, verwendet, um Rückkopplungssignale bereitzustellen, die verwendet werden, um die Ventilhubanforderungen in einer Regelung mit geschlossenem Regelkreis der hydraulischen Betätigungselemente (13, 31) zu modifizieren.</claim-text></claim>
</claims>
<claims id="claims03" lang="fr"><!-- EPO <DP n="27"> -->
<claim id="c-fr-01-0001" num="0001">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape pour faire fonctionner une soupape champignon (10) d'un moteur à combustion interne, comprenant :
<claim-text>une source de fluide hydraulique sous pression (22) ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>un retour de fluide (23) ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>un actionneur hydraulique (13) qui agit sur la soupape champignon ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>une première soupape (21) raccordée à la fois à la source de fluide sous pression et au retour de fluide ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>une deuxième soupape (20) qui est raccordée entre la première soupape et l'actionneur hydraulique ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>un capteur (41, 42) qui fournit un signal indicatif de la position de la soupape champignon ; et</claim-text>
<claim-text>un dispositif de commande électronique (40) qui reçoit le signal indicatif de la position de soupape champignon et qui commande le fonctionnement des première et deuxième soupapes pour :
<claim-text>ouvrir la soupape champignon en raccordant l'actionneur hydraulique à la source de fluide sous pression par l'intermédiaire des première et deuxième soupapes ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>fermer la soupape champignon en raccordant l'actionneur hydraulique au retour de fluide par l'intermédiaire des première et deuxième soupapes ; ou</claim-text>
<claim-text>maintenir la soupape champignon en position en utilisant la deuxième soupape pour séparer l'actionneur hydraulique de la première soupape,</claim-text>
<claim-text><b>caractérisé en ce que</b> :<!-- EPO <DP n="28"> -->
<claim-text>la deuxième soupape est une soupape de commutation bistable et qui fonctionne pour raccorder l'actionneur hydraulique avec la première soupape ou pour séparer l'actionneur hydraulique de la première soupape ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>l'actionneur hydraulique comprend un premier piston (16) possédant une face de pression sur laquelle le fluide hydraulique fourni applique une pression, et</claim-text>
<claim-text>un second piston (15) possédant également une face de pression sur laquelle le fluide hydraulique fourni applique une pression ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>la face de pression du premier piston est plus grande que la face de pression du second piston ; et</claim-text>
<claim-text>au cours de l'ouverture de la soupape champignon, les premier et second pistons se déplacent initialement ensemble et puis ensuite le second piston se déplace seul.</claim-text></claim-text></claim-text></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0002" num="0002">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la première soupape (21) est une soupape bistable qui fonctionne pour raccorder la deuxième soupape à la source de fluide sous pression (22) ou pour raccorder la deuxième soupape (20) au retour de fluide (23).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0003" num="0003">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, qui comprend un ressort de soupape (14) qui applique une force de fermeture sur la soupape champignon (10).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0004" num="0004">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif de commande électronique (40) commande la levée de soupape par commande de la deuxième soupape (20) et en commandant la durée de<!-- EPO <DP n="29"> --> raccordement de l'actionneur hydraulique (13) à la première soupape (21).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0005" num="0005">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif de commande électronique (40) commute la première soupape (21) entre le raccordement à la source de fluide sous pression (22) et le raccordement au retour de fluide (23) seulement lorsque la deuxième soupape (20) sépare l'actionneur hydraulique (13) de la première soupape.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0006" num="0006">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant un capteur qui produit un signal indicatif de la position de rotation de vilebrequin, qui est utilisé par le dispositif de commande électronique (40) pour déterminer le chronométrage de fonctionnement des première et deuxième soupapes (21, 20).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0007" num="0007">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif de commande électronique (40) utilise une table de conversion pour déterminer une demande de levée de soupape qui est alors utilisée pour commander le fonctionnement des première et deuxième soupapes (21, 20).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0008" num="0008">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le dispositif de commande électronique (40) utilise le signal indicatif de la position de la soupape champignon (10) pour fournir un signal de rétroaction qui est utilisé pour modifier la demande de levée de soupape dans une commande à boucle fermée de l'actionneur hydraulique (13).<!-- EPO <DP n="30"> --></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0009" num="0009">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape pour faire fonctionner une paire de soupapes champignons (10) d'un moteur à combustion interne, comprenant :
<claim-text>une source de fluide hydraulique sous pression (22) ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>un retour de fluide (23) ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>un premier actionneur hydraulique (13) qui agit sur une première des soupapes champignons ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>un second actionneur hydraulique (31) qui agit sur une seconde des soupapes champignons ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>une première soupape (21) raccordée à la fois à la source de fluide sous pression et au retour de fluide ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>une deuxième soupape (20) qui est raccordée entre la première soupape et le premier actionneur hydraulique ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>une troisième soupape (30) qui est raccordée entre la première soupape et le second actionneur hydraulique ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>un premier capteur (41) qui fournit un signal indicatif de la position de la première soupape champignon ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>un second capteur (42) qui fournit un signal indicatif de la position de la seconde soupape champignon ; et</claim-text>
<claim-text>un dispositif de commande électronique (40) qui reçoit les signaux indicatifs des positions des première et seconde soupapes champignons et qui commande le fonctionnement de la totalité des première, deuxième et troisième soupapes pour :
<claim-text>ouvrir la première soupape champignon en raccordant le premier actionneur hydraulique à la<!-- EPO <DP n="31"> --> source de fluide sous pression par l'intermédiaire des première et deuxième soupapes ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>fermer la première soupape champignon en raccordant le premier actionneur hydraulique au retour de fluide par l'intermédiaire des première et deuxième soupapes ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>maintenir la première soupape champignon en position en utilisant la deuxième soupape pour séparer l'actionneur hydraulique de la première soupape ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>ouvrir la seconde soupape champignon en raccordant le second actionneur hydraulique à la source de fluide sous pression par l'intermédiaire des première et troisième soupapes ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>fermer la seconde soupape champignon en raccordant le second actionneur hydraulique au retour de fluide par l'intermédiaire des première et troisième soupapes ; et/ou</claim-text>
<claim-text>maintenir la seconde soupape champignon en position en utilisant la troisième soupape pour séparer l'actionneur hydraulique de la deuxième soupape,</claim-text>
<claim-text><b>caractérisé en ce que</b> :
<claim-text>la deuxième soupape est une soupape de commutation bistable et qui fonctionne pour raccorder le premier actionneur hydraulique avec la première soupape ou pour séparer le premier actionneur hydraulique de la première soupape ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>la troisième soupape est une soupape de commutation bistable et qui fonctionne pour raccorder le second actionneur hydraulique à la première soupape ou pour séparer le second actionneur hydraulique de la première soupape ;<!-- EPO <DP n="32"> --></claim-text>
<claim-text>chaque actionneur hydraulique comprend un premier piston (16) possédant une face de pression sur laquelle le fluide hydraulique fourni applique une pression, et un second piston (15) possédant également une face de pression sur laquelle le fluide hydraulique fourni applique une pression ;</claim-text>
<claim-text>la face de pression du premier piston est plus grande que la face de pression du second piston ; et</claim-text>
<claim-text>au cours de l'ouverture des première et seconde soupapes champignons, les premier et second pistons se déplacent initialement ensemble et puis ensuite le second piston se déplace seul.</claim-text></claim-text></claim-text></claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0010" num="0010">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape selon la revendication 9, dans lequel la première soupape (21) est une soupape de commutation bistable qui fonctionne pour raccorder les deuxième et troisième soupapes (20, 30) à la source de fluide sous pression (22) ou pour raccorder les deuxième et troisième soupapes au retour de fluide (23).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0011" num="0011">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape selon l'une quelconque de la revendication 9 ou de la revendication 10, qui comprend un premier ressort de soupape (14) qui applique une force de fermeture sur la première soupape champignon (10) et un second ressort de soupape (34) qui applique une force de fermeture sur la seconde soupape champignon (32).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0012" num="0012">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, dans lequel le dispositif de commande électronique (40) commande la levée de soupape de la première soupape champignon (10) par commande de la deuxième soupape (20) et en<!-- EPO <DP n="33"> --> commandant la durée de raccordement du premier actionneur hydraulique (13) à la première soupape (21) et le dispositif de commande électronique commande la levée de soupape de la seconde soupape champignon (32) par commande de la troisième soupape (30) et en commandant la durée de raccordement du second actionneur hydraulique (31) à la première soupape (21).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0013" num="0013">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12, dans lequel le dispositif de commande électronique (40) commute la première soupape (21) entre le raccordement à la source de fluide sous pression (22) et le raccordement au retour de fluide (23) seulement lorsque la deuxième soupape (20) sépare le premier actionneur hydraulique (13) de la première soupape et seulement lorsque la troisième soupape (30) sépare le second actionneur hydraulique (31) de la première soupape.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0014" num="0014">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape selon la revendication 13, dans lequel la deuxième soupape (20) raccorde le premier actionneur (13) à la première soupape (21) seulement lorsque la troisième soupape (30) sépare le second actionneur (31) de la première soupape et la troisième soupape raccorde le second actionneur à la première soupape seulement lorsque la deuxième soupape sépare le premier actionneur de la première soupape.</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0015" num="0015">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 14, comprenant un capteur qui produit un signal indicatif de la position de rotation de vilebrequin, qui est utilisé par le dispositif de commande électronique (40) pour<!-- EPO <DP n="34"> --> déterminer le chronométrage de fonctionnement des première, deuxième et troisième soupapes (21, 20, 30).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0016" num="0016">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape selon une quelconque des revendications 9 à 15, dans lequel le dispositif de commande électronique (40) utilise une table de conversion pour déterminer une demande de levée de soupape pour les première et seconde soupapes champignons (10, 32) qui sont alors utilisées pour commander le fonctionnement des première, deuxième et troisième soupapes (21, 20, 30).</claim-text></claim>
<claim id="c-fr-01-0017" num="0017">
<claim-text>Système de fonctionnement de soupape selon la revendication 16, dans lequel le dispositif de commande électronique (40) utilise les signaux indicatifs des positions des soupapes champignons (10, 32) pour fournir des signaux de rétroaction qui sont utilisés pour modifier les demandes de levée de soupape dans une commande à boucle fermée des actionneurs hydrauliques (13, 31).</claim-text></claim>
</claims>
<drawings id="draw" lang="en"><!-- EPO <DP n="35"> -->
<figure id="f0001" num="1"><img id="if0001" file="imgf0001.tif" wi="165" he="199" img-content="drawing" img-format="tif"/></figure><!-- EPO <DP n="36"> -->
<figure id="f0002" num="2"><img id="if0002" file="imgf0002.tif" wi="165" he="199" img-content="drawing" img-format="tif"/></figure><!-- EPO <DP n="37"> -->
<figure id="f0003" num="3"><img id="if0003" file="imgf0003.tif" wi="165" he="199" img-content="drawing" img-format="tif"/></figure><!-- EPO <DP n="38"> -->
<figure id="f0004" num="4"><img id="if0004" file="imgf0004.tif" wi="165" he="199" img-content="drawing" img-format="tif"/></figure><!-- EPO <DP n="39"> -->
<figure id="f0005" num="5"><img id="if0005" file="imgf0005.tif" wi="165" he="199" img-content="drawing" img-format="tif"/></figure><!-- EPO <DP n="40"> -->
<figure id="f0006" num="6"><img id="if0006" file="imgf0006.tif" wi="165" he="199" img-content="drawing" img-format="tif"/></figure>
</drawings>
<ep-reference-list id="ref-list">
<heading id="ref-h0001"><b>REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION</b></heading>
<p id="ref-p0001" num=""><i>This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.</i></p>
<heading id="ref-h0002"><b>Patent documents cited in the description</b></heading>
<p id="ref-p0002" num="">
<ul id="ref-ul0001" list-style="bullet">
<li><patcit id="ref-pcit0001" dnum="WO2004033861A"><document-id><country>WO</country><doc-number>2004033861</doc-number><kind>A</kind></document-id></patcit><crossref idref="pcit0001">[0003]</crossref><crossref idref="pcit0004">[0009]</crossref><crossref idref="pcit0005">[0009]</crossref></li>
<li><patcit id="ref-pcit0002" dnum="WO2004011833A"><document-id><country>WO</country><doc-number>2004011833</doc-number><kind>A</kind></document-id></patcit><crossref idref="pcit0002">[0003]</crossref><crossref idref="pcit0006">[0010]</crossref><crossref idref="pcit0007">[0010]</crossref></li>
<li><patcit id="ref-pcit0003" dnum="GB2373824A"><document-id><country>GB</country><doc-number>2373824</doc-number><kind>A</kind></document-id></patcit><crossref idref="pcit0003">[0004]</crossref></li>
</ul></p>
</ep-reference-list>
</ep-patent-document>
