Heat dissipation enhanced LED lamp

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention is related generally to electric lamps and, more particularly, to a LED lamp which could directly replace an ordinary tungsten, halogen, or electricity-saving light bulb.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] A light emitting diode (LED) lamp using a direct current (DC) LED device as the filament must be equipped with a power converter for converting the alternating current (AC) power voltage into a DC input voltage for the DC LED device. The power converter not only requires additional component cost for the LED lamp, but also cannot fit entirely into the standard lamp bases of ordinary light bulbs. For a LED lamp to be equipped with a power converter, it is necessary to develop special molds to produce containers and corresponding mechanism different from those of ordinary light bulbs to fit the power converter therewithin, which nevertheless increases the cost and volume of the LED lamp. On the other hand, a DC LED device generates heat when it is powered on and therefore, an additional heat dissipation mechanism is required to handle the heat. If the heat is not effectively dissipated, the resulting high temperature will reduce the emissive efficiency and service life of the DC LED device and produce other adverse effects such as wavelength shift. Moreover, the power converter, particularly the inductor and integrated circuit therein, also generates heat during power conversion, and the consequent high temperature may damage the inductor and integrated circuit and cause failure of the LED lamp accordingly. The problems caused by insufficient heat dissipation are aggravated especially in high power applications, such as in lighting fixtures for illumination purposes, where the DC LED device generates relatively more heat. To adapt to the relatively small space within ordinary lamp bases, some LED lamps use a plurality of low power lamp type LED devices in conjunction with a simple bridge rectifier circuit. However, low power LED devices are poorly accepted in the market due to their generally low brightness, and these LED lamps tend to have serious light attenuation problems as a result of poor heat dissipation.

[0003] In recent years, AC LED devices are maturing technically, have improved in brightness, and therefore have had commercial value. An AC LED device includes a plurality of serially and/or parallel connected LED electronic elements manufactured on an epitaxial chip. The epitaxial chip is packaged and then connected in series with a resistor having a particular resistance so as to withstand high voltage, e.g., 110 V or 220 V, mains electricity, thus dispensing with the power converter or rectifier circuit required for a DC LED device. In consequence, the cost of an AC LED lamp is lowered in comparison with its DC counterpart, and the circuit related quality issues reduced. An AC LED device, though conveniently applicable in small spaces, still demands heat dissipation. This is especially true in high power applications, such as lighting fixtures for illumination purposes, where the AC LED device generates relatively more heat. If a heat dissipating device is added, the resultant LED lamp will be bulky and costly. However, if no additional assistance is provided to enhance heat dissipation from the AC LED device, the emissive efficiency and service life of the AC LED device will be reduced, wavelength shift is likely to happen, and even worse, the LED epitaxial chip may be burned out.

[0004] GB 2098714 A discloses an LED cluster assembly comprising several light emitting diodes assembled with their necessary circuitry and current limiting resistors into a plastic molding which itself is arranged in and connected to a miniature lamp cap.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a LED lamp which enhances the heat dissipation of the AC LED device in the LED lamp.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a LED lamp which could directly replace an ordinary tungsten, halogen, or electricity-saving light bulb.

[0007] These objects are solved by the LED lamp according to the independent claim. Advantageous improvements of the LED lamp are given by the dependent claims.

[0008] A LED lamp according to the present invention comprises a filament, a lamp base and a thermally conductive electric insulator. The filament includes at least one AC LED device, and the thermally conductive electric insulator is filled in a cavity of the lamp base to mechanically contact with the filament and an electrode of the lamp base. When the AC LED device is powered on, the thermally conductive electric insulator provides a thermal channel to transfer heat from the filament to the electrode for heat dissipation enhancement.

[0009] Standard lamp bases for ordinary light bulbs can be selected for the lamp base of a LED lamp according to the present invention, and thus the LED lamp could be inserted into the ordinary bulb sockets that generally used in lighting fixtures, without having to modify the system of the lighting fixtures or use an additional adapter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a LED lamp in a first embodiment not covered by claim 1.

Fig. 2 shows an equivalent circuit of the LED lamp depicted in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 provides three AC LED epitaxial chips;

Fig. 4 is a top view of a filament using multiple LED epitaxial chips;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a LED lamp in a second embodiment according the present invention; and

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a LED lamp in a third embodiment not covered by claim 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] Fig. 1 provides a first embodiment, in which a standard lamp base 10 for use with a small light bulb is used to accentuate the features of the present invention. The lamp base 10 has two electrodes 12 and 14 for receiving an AC power source. As would be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, the electrode 12 is a metal housing having a spiral-threaded configuration 16 and a cavity 18 therein. In this embodiment, an AC LED device 20 is used as the filament of the LED lamp, which includes an AC LED epitaxial chip 22 bounded on a leadframe 24 and covered with an encapsulant 26. As the LED packaging is a well-known technique, the package structure of the AC LED device 20 is not detailed in the drawing for the sake of simplicity. A resistor 30 has one end soldered to the electrode 14 and an opposite end connected to a wire 32 that is soldered to the AC LED device 20. Another wire 34 has its two ends soldered to the electrode 12 and the AC LED device 20, respectively. This LED lamp has the equivalent circuit shown in Fig. 2, in which the AC LED epitaxial chip 22 and the resistor 30 are connected in series between the electrodes 12 and 14. As would be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, a so-called AC LED epitaxial chip includes LED electronic elements oriented in two opposite directions and connected in parallel between two pins, with at least one LED electronic element in each direction. The LED electronic elements oriented in the two opposite directions are lit during the positive and negative half cycles of the AC power source, respectively. The resistor 30 has a resistance R chosen according to the current intensity required by design. The resistor 30 also serves to protect the AC LED epitaxial chip 22. More specifically, when a surge occurs in the AC power source connected to the electrodes 12 and 14, the resistor 30 will absorb most of the surge voltage.

[0012] Referring back to Fig. 1, a major feature is to fill the cavity 18 with a thermally conductive electric insulator 36 such that the thermally conductive electric insulator 36 is in mechanical contact with the electrode 12 and the filament, i.e. the leadframe 24 in this case, to provide a thermal channel to transfer the heat generated by the AC LED epitaxial chip 22 to the electrode 12 when the AC LED epitaxial chip 22 is powered on to emit light, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation therefrom. As would be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, the leadframe 24 typically includes a metal plate for facilitating heat dissipation from the AC LED epitaxial chip 22. Therefore, by attaching the leadframe 24 to the thermally conductive electric insulator 36, good thermal conduction effect can be achieved. In addition to enhance the heat dissipation from the AC LED epitaxial chip 22, the thermally conductive electric insulator 36 also assists in heat dissipation from the resistor 30 because the resistor 30 is buried therein.

[0013] For the thermally conductive electric insulator 36, it may select epoxy resin, or thermal conductor powder such as aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, or any other thermally conductive materials in powder form, or a mixture thereof. Table 1 shows experiment results of using three different thermally conductive materials in the LED lamp of Fig. 1.

Table 1

Thermally conductive electric insulator 36	Voltage of AC power source	Power consumed AC LED device 20	Output by brightness (lm)	Condition after being lit continuously for 1000 hours
Epoxy resin	110 V	1	65	No abnormality detected, except for relatively high temperature
Epoxy resin+ aluminum oxide powder	110 V	1	68	No abnormality detected
Aluminum oxide powder	110 V	1	68	No abnormality detected

[0014] As shown in Table 1, when epoxy resin, which has a lower thermal conductivity, was used as the thermally conductive electric insulator 36, a higher temperature was detected after the LED lamp was powered on. On the other hand, the mixture of epoxy resin and thermal conductor powder has a higher thermal conductivity, and therefore no abnormality was found during the lighting test. Good thermal conduction effect was also obtained by directly using thermal conductor powder, filled into the cavity 18 and compacted, as the thermally conductive electric insulator 36. In general, the LED lamp under test had satisfactory output brightness, and substantially no abnormality was detected after the LED lamp was lit continuously for 1000 hours. Other materials may also be used as the thermally conductive electric insulator 36, which preferably has a thermal conductivity ranging from 0.25 to 30 W/mK.

[0015] As shown in Fig. 1, the LED lamp has approximately the same size as the lamp base 10, possesses good heat dissipation ability, and is capable of high power applications that are unachievable by the prior art devices. Ordinary light bulbs are equipped with standard lamp bases. For example, lamp bases under the standards E12, E14, E17, E26 and E27 are for the ordinary tungsten light bulbs, and MR16 and GU10 lamp bases are for the ordinary halogen light bulbs. The lamp base of an ordinary halogen light bulb has an electrode formed as a columnar metal housing and separated from the other electrode by an electric insulator. Some other standard lamp bases use two needle-like electrodes that are insulated from each other. The lamp base for a LED lamp according to the present invention can be one of ordinary tungsten or halogen light bulbs or other standard lamp bases where there is always a cavity to be filled with the thermally conductive electric insulator 36, and in consequence at least one electrode serves to facilitate heat dissipation from the filament of the LED lamp. As the electrodes of standard lamp bases are exposed outside, fair heat dissipation effect is attainable.

[0016] Referring to Fig. 1, a lamp cover 40 may be further added to the LED lamp, depending on demands. The lamp cover 40 can be a glass cap, a plastic cap, an epoxy resin cap, or a silicone cap. If a glass cap or a plastic cap is selected, it is bounded to an end of the lamp base 10 by a mechanical means such as gluing, mortise-and-tenon engagement, or screw thread engagement. If an epoxy resin cap or a silicone cap is selected, it is dispensed over the filament in an amount sufficient to completely cover the filament, and the epoxy resin or silicone is heated and cured if necessary. The lamp cover 40 functions as a protective shell for preventing moisture, dust, or external force from affecting internal components of the LED lamp. Besides, the lamp cover 40 also serves as an optical component. More specifically, the lamp cover 40 may be frosted or configured with geometric patterns so as to produce the desired optical effects. The frosted structure of the lamp cover 40 can be formed by sand blasting, etching, electrostatic powder coating, coating with silicone, spraying with paint, or injection molding.

[0017] Alternatively, the filament may include a circuit board to be bounded with the AC LED epitaxial chip 22 thereon. In this case, the circuit board is attached on the thermally conductive electric insulator 36, and the AC LED epitaxial chip 22 may be a surface mounting device (SMD) or have a chip on board (COB) package structure, in addition to the lamp type LED device 22 shown in Fig. 1.

[0018] An AC LED epitaxial chip including more than two LED electronic elements may be used for the AC LED epitaxial chip 22 to provide brighter illumination. Fig. 3 provides three such AC LED epitaxial chips 22. The first one in the left includes two LED strings parallel connected in opposite directions between two pins of the AC LED epitaxial chips 22, each LED string having two or more LED electronic elements. The second case in the middle includes two or more pairs of LED electronic elements serially connected between two pins of the AC LED epitaxial chips 22, each pair of LED electronic elements parallel connected in opposite directions to each other. The last case in the right includes five or more LED electronic elements having a bridge configuration between two pins of the AC LED epitaxial chips 22. There have been commercial products can be selected for these cases.

[0019] If it is desired to increase the brightness of a LED lamp, more AC LED devices 20 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in series and parallel in the filament. For example, as shown in Fig. 4, a filament includes nine AC LED devices 20 bounded on a circuit board 28 in such a manner that three rows of AC LED devices 20 are connected in parallel between solder pads 52 and 54 on the circuit board 28, and each row includes three AC LED devices 20. If each of the AC LED devices 20 operates at a power of 1 W, the filament shown in Fig. 4 can operate at a power as high as 9 W.

[0020] Fig. 5 provides a second embodiment according to the present invention, in which a circuit board 28 has a through hole 60, a thermally conductive member 50 passes through the through hole 60 and has a first end above the circuit board 28 and a second end buried in a thermally conductive electric insulator 36, and an AC LED device 20 having a plastic leaded chip carrier (PLCC) package structure is bounded to the first end of the thermally conductive member 50. The thermally conductive member 50 has two strips 56 and two flanges 58. Each of the strips 56 has an axial length ranging from 0.1 to 10 cm, preferably ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 cm. The flanges 58 are sandwiched between the AC LED device 20 and the circuit board 28. The circuit board 28 has through holes 62 to be soldered with the pins of the AC LED device 20 by means of solder 68, and through holes 64 to be soldered to an electrode 12 by means of solder 70. The through holes 62 and 64 may be replaced by blind holes or other structures, as is well known in the art of circuit board. A resistor 30 is soldered between an electrode 14 and the circuit board 28 such that the resistor 30 and the AC LED device 20 are connected in series between the electrodes 12 and 14. The circuit board 28 has a glass fiber reinforced substrate or a metal substrate. Preferably, the circuit board 28 is also in mechanical contact with the thermally conductive electric insulator 36. Alternatively, the resistor 30 is bounded on the circuit board 28. In some other embodiments, a second resistor is bounded on the circuit board 28 and connected with the first resistor 30 in series. In these two cases, the resistor bounded on the circuit board 28 may be a variable resistor. If necessary, the LED lamp in this embodiment is provided with a lamp cover 40, as in the previous embodiment.

[0021] Fig. 6 provides a third embodiment, in which an AC LED device 20 is bounded to a circuit board 28 with a COB package structure, and the circuit board 28 is attached on a thermally conductive electric insulator 36. The circuit board 28 has an aluminum metal layer 72, a copper metal layer 76, and a thermally conductive layer 74 sandwiched therebetween, and this structure exhibits better heat dissipation capability than a glass fiber reinforced substrate. The circuit board 28 is soldered to an electrode 12 by solder 70, and a resistor 30 is soldered between an electrode 14 and the circuit board 28, such that the resistor 30 and the AC LED device 20 are connected in series between the electrodes 12 and 14. Alternatively, the resistor 30 is bounded on the circuit board 28. In some other embodiments, a second resistor is bounded on the circuit board 28 and serially connected to the first resistor 30. In these two cases, the resistor bounded on the circuit board 28 may be a variable resistor. If necessary, the LED lamp is provided with a lamp cover, as in the previous embodiment. In other embodiments, the AC LED device 20 may be a SMD that is bounded on the circuit board 28 by surface mounting technology (SMT).

[0022] Depending on practice applications, it is selected the AC LED device 20 having a rated power ranging from 0.3 to 5 W, preferably from 1 to 3 W, and the resistor 30 preferably having a resistance ranging from 50 to 50,000 Ω. In addition, it is selected the AC LED device 20 having a rated input voltage ranging from 12 to 240 V. For a LED lamp using a single AC LED device 20, the rated input voltage of the AC LED device 20 is selected to be 110 or 220 V, depending on the power lines in its application. For a LED lamp using serially connected AC LED devices 20, the rated input voltage of each AC LED device 20 is selected to be smaller, for example 12 V.

Claims

1. A LED lamp, comprising:

a LED filament including an AC LED device (20) having a rated power ranging from 0.3 to 5 W, a circuit board (28) having a through hole (60) and soldered with the AC LED device (20);

a lamp base (10) having two electrodes (12, 14) and a cavity (18), the first electrode (12) having a spiral-threaded, columnar, or needle-like configuration;

a resistor (30) having a resistance ranging from 50 to 50,000 Ohm, connected in series with the AC LED device (20) between the two electrodes (12, 14); and

a thermally conductive electric insulator (36) having a thermal conductivity ranging from 0.25 to 30 W/mK, filled in the cavity (18) and mechanically contacting with the LED filament and the first electrode (12) to provide a thermal channel to transfer heat from the AC LED device (20) to the first electrode (12) for heat dissipation enhancement when the AC LED device (20) is powered on,

wherein the LED filament further comprises a thermally conductive member (50) passing through the through hole (60), having a first end having the AC LED device (20) bounded thereon and a second end buried in the thermally conductive electric insulator (36), and wherein the second end of the thermally conductive member (50) has two strips (56), each of the strips has an axial length ranging from 0.1 to 10 cm, and wherein the thermally conductive member (50) has two flanges, the flanges being sandwiched between the AC LED device (20) and the circuit board (28).

2. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the circuit board (28) is soldered to the first electrode (12).

3. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the circuit board (28) has a glass fiber reinforced substrate.

4. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the LED device (20) has a plastic leaded chip carrier package structure.

5. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the resistor (30) is bounded on the circuit board (28).

6. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the circuit board (28) comprises:

an aluminum metal layer (72) in mechanical contact with the thermally conductive electric insulator (36);

a copper metal layer (76) having the LED device (20) soldered thereon; and

a thermally conductive layer (74) sandwiched between the aluminum metal layer (72) and the copper metal layer (76).

7. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the LED device (20)has a chip on board package structure.

8. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the thermally conductive electric insulator (36) comprises an epoxy resin, thermal conductor powder, or a mixture thereof.

9. The LED lamp of claim 1, wherein the resistor (30) is buried in the thermally conductive electric insulator (36).

10. The LED lamp of claim 1, further comprising a lamp cover (40) encapsulating the filament.

Ansprüche

1. LED - Lampe, umfassend:

ein LED - Filament , das eine Wechselspannung - LED - Vorrichtung (20) mit einer Nennleistung im Bereich von 0,3 bis 0,5 W und eine Leiterplatte (28) umfasst, die eine Durchgangsbohrung (60) aufweist und mit der Wechselspannung - LED - Vorrichtung (20) verlötet ist,

eine Lampenbasis (10), die zwei Elektroden (12, 14) und eine Aussparung (18) aufweist, wobei die erste Elektrode (12) eine Spiralgewinde -, säulenartige oder nadelähnliche Struktur aufweist,

einen Widerstand (30) mit einem Widerstandswert im Bereich von 50 bis 50000 Ohm, der seriell mit der Wechselspannung - LED - Vorrichtung (20) zwischen den zwei Elektroden (12, 14) verschaltet ist, und

einen thermisch leitfähigen elektrischen Isolator (36) mit einer thermischen Leitfähigkeit im Bereich von 0,25 bis 30 W/mK, der in die Aussparung (18) gefüllt ist und mit dem LED - Filament und der ersten Elektrode (12) in Verbindung steht, um einen thermischen Kanal bereitzustellen und Wärme von der Wechselspannung - LED - Vorrichtung (20) zur ersten Elektrode (12) abzuleiten, um die Wärmedissipation während des Betriebs der Wechselspannung - LED - Vorrichtung zu erhöhen,

wobei das LED - Filament weiter ein thermisch leitfähiges Element (50) aufweist, das durch die Durchgangsbohrung (60) hindurch passt und ein erstes Ende, durch das die Wechselspannung - LED - Vorrichtung (20) begrenzt ist, und ein zweites Ende aufweist, das in dem thermisch leitfähigen elektrischen Isolator (36) eingebettet ist, und wobei das zweite Ende des thermisch leitfähigen Elements (50) zwei Streifen (56) aufweist, die jeweils eine axiale Länge im Bereich von 0,1 bis 10 cm aufweisen, und wobei das thermisch leitfähige Element (50) zwei Flansche aufweist, wobei die Flansche zwischen der Wechselspannung - LED - Vorrichtung (20) und der Leiterplatte (28) eingeschlossen sind.

2. LED - Lampe nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Schaltplatte (28) mit der ersten Elektrode (12) verlötet ist.

3. LED - Lampe nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Schaltplatte (28) ein glasfaserverstärktes Substrat aufweist.

4. LED - Lampe nach Anspruch 1, wobei die LED - Vorrichtung (20) eine aus Kunststoff gestaltete, verbleite Chiptragepaketstruktur (PLCC) aufweist.

5. LED - Lampe nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Widerstand (30) auf der Schaltplatte (28) verbaut ist.

6. LED - Lampe nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Schaltplatte (28) umfasst:

eine Aluminiummetallschicht (72), die in mechanischem Kontakt mit dem thermisch leitfähigen elektrischen Isolator (36) steht,

eine Kupfermetallschicht (76), auf der die LED - Vorrichtung (20) aufgelötet ist, und

eine thermisch leitfähige Schicht (74), die zwischen der Aluminiummetallschicht (72) und der Kupfermetallschicht (76) ausgebildet ist.

7. LED - Lampe nach Anspruch 1, wobei die LED - Vorrichtung (20) eine Chip - on - Board - Paketstruktur aufweist.

8. LED - Lampe nach Anspruch 1, wobei der thermisch leitfähige elektrische Isolator (36) ein Epoxydharz, thermisch leitfähiges Pulver oder eine Kombination beider aufweist.

9. LED - Lampe nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Widerstand (30) in dem thermisch leitfähigen elektrischen Isolator (36) eingebettet ist.

10. LED - Lampe nach Anspruch 1, weiter umfassend eine Lampenabdeckung (40), die das Filament einschließt.

Revendications

1. Lampe LED comprenant :

un filament LED comprenant un dispositif LED à courant alternatif (20) ayant une puissance assignée de l'ordre de 0,3 à 5 W, un circuit imprimé (28) ayant un trou traversant (60) et brasé avec le dispositif LED à courant alternatif (20) ;

une embase de lampe (10) ayant deux électrodes (12, 14) et une cavité (18), la première électrode (12) ayant une configuration filetée en spirale, en forme de colonne ou semblable à une aiguille ;

une résistance (30) ayant une résistance de l'ordre de 50 à 50000 Ohm, reliée en série au dispositif LED à courant alternatif (20) entre les deux électrodes (12, 14) et

un isolant électrique qui conduit la chaleur (36) qui a une conductivité thermique de l'ordre de 0,25 à 30 W/mK, rempli dans la cavité (18) et ayant un contact mécanique avec le filament LED et la première électrode (12) pour fournir une voie thermique pour transférer de la chaleur du dispositif LED à courant alternatif (20) à la première électrode (12) pour l'augmentation de la dissipation de chaleur lorsque le dispositif LED à courant alternatif (20) est sous tension,

le filament LED comprenant de plus un organe qui conduit la chaleur (50), qui traverse le trou traversant (60), qui a une première extrémité qui a le dispositif LED à courant alternatif (20) collé dessus et une seconde extrémité enterrée dans l'isolant électrique qui conduit la chaleur (36) et la seconde extrémité de l'organe qui conduit la chaleur (50) ayant deux bandes (56), chacune des bandes ayant une longueur axiale de l'ordre de 0,1 à 10 cm et l'organe qui conduit la chaleur (50) ayant deux brides, les brides étant placées en sandwich entre le dispositif LED à courant alternatif (20) et le circuit imprimé (28).

2. Lampe LED selon la revendication 1, le circuit imprimé (28) étant brasé sur la première électrode (12).

3. Lampe LED selon la revendication 1, le circuit imprimé (28) ayant un substrat renforcé par des fibres de verre.

4. Lampe LED selon la revendication 1, le dispositif LED (20) ayant une structure d'empaquetage à boîtier de type PLCC.

5. Lampe LED selon la revendication 1, la résistance (30) étant collée sur le circuit imprimé (28).

6. Lampe LED selon la revendication 1, le circuit imprimé (28) comprenant :

une couche de métal en aluminium (72) en contact mécanique avec l'isolant électrique qui conduit la chaleur (36),

une couche de métal en cuivre (76) qui a le dispositif LED (20) brasé dessus et

une couche qui conduit la chaleur (74) placée en sandwich entre la couche de métal en aluminium (72) et la couche de métal en cuivre (76).

7. Lampe LED selon la revendication 1, le dispositif LED (20) ayant une structure de type COB.

8. Lampe LED selon la revendication 1, l'isolant électrique qui conduit la chaleur (36) comprenant une résine époxy, une poudre qui conduit la chaleur ou un mélange de celles-ci.

9. Lampe LED selon la revendication 1, la résistance (30) étant enterrée dans l'isolant électrique qui conduit la chaleur (36).

10. Lampe LED selon la revendication 1 comprenant de plus un recouvrement de lampe (40) qui encapsule le filament.

Drawing