Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of communications, and more particularly, to
electronic devices and related methods that use near-field communication (NFC).
Background
[0002] Mobile communication systems continue to grow in popularity and have become an integral
part of both personal and business communications. Various mobile devices now incorporate
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) features such as calendars, address books, task lists,
calculators, memo and writing programs, media players, games, etc. These multi-function
devices usually allow electronic mail (email) messages to be sent and received wirelessly,
as well as access the Internet via a cellular network and/or a wireless local area
network (WLAN), for example.
[0003] Some mobile devices incorporate contactless card technology and/or near field communication
(NFC) chips. NFC technology may be used for contactless short-range communications
using magnetic field induction to enable communication between electronic devices,
including mobile wireless communications devices. These short-range communications
include payment and ticketing, electronic keys, identification, device set-up service
and similar information sharing. This short-range high frequency wireless communications
technology exchanges data between devices over a short distance, such as only a few
centimeters.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0004] FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a security system in accordance with one example
embodiment.
[0005] FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the mobile wireless communications device
of the system of FIG. 1 shown in greater detail.
[0006] FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram in which a plurality of mobile wireless communications
devices are shown for use with the security system of FIG. 1.
[0007] FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an alternative embodiment of the mobile wireless
communications devices of FIG. 3.
[0008] FIGS. 5 and 6 are flow diagrams illustrating method aspects associated with the system
of FIG. 1 and mobile wireless communications devices of FIGS. 2 through 4.
[0009] FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of another security system in accordance with
an example embodiment.
[0010] FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of an alternative embodiment of the system of
FIG. 7.
[0011] FIGS. 9 and 10 are flow diagrams illustrating method aspects associated with the
systems of FIGS. 7 and 8.
[0012] FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example mobile wireless device
components that may be used with the mobile wireless communications devices of the
example embodiments.
Detailed Description
[0013] The present description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
example embodiments are shown. However, many different embodiments may be used, and
thus the description should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth
herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough
and complete. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout, and prime notation is
used to indicate similar elements or steps in alternative embodiments.
[0014] Generally speaking, a security system is disclosed herein, the security system may
include a plurality of electronic devices, each having a unique identification (ID)
associated therewith and configured to generate a temporary security code based upon
the unique ID. The system may further include at least one mobile wireless communications
device comprising a first Near-Field Communication (NFC) sensor, and a mobile controller
configured to receive the temporary security code from a given electronic device from
among the plurality of electronic devices. The system may also include an access control
device associated with a personnel access position and comprising a second NFC sensor
configured to receive the temporary security code from the first NFC sensor via NFC
communications and a security controller. The security controller may be, configured
to selectively grant personnel access based upon the received temporary security code,
and determine the unique ID associated with the given electronic device. Thus, the
system may conveniently be used to provide personnel access at a secured location
from a mobile wireless communications device with NFC communications, and while allowing
for tracking of the electronic device which provided the temporary security code.
[0015] The security controller may be configured to further selectively grant personnel
access also based upon the determined unique ID. In addition, the security controller
may also be configured to update a log of the determined unique ID.
[0016] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of electronic devices may be further configured
to generate an event notification, and to communicate the temporary security code
to the at least one mobile wireless communications device along with the event notification.
Furthermore, the event notification may have a scheduled event time associated therewith,
and the security controller may be configured to selectively grant personnel access
further based upon the scheduled event time.
[0017] By way of example, the temporary security code may comprise a single-use security
code. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of electronic devices may
also comprise a mobile wireless communications device. Furthermore, each of the plurality
of electronic devices may further comprise a third NFC sensor, and the mobile controller
may be configured to receive the temporary security code via the third NFC sensor.
In addition, the at least one mobile wireless communications device may further include
a wireless transceiver coupled to the mobile controller and configured to receive
the temporary security code from the given electronic device. By way of example, the
wireless transceiver may comprise a cellular transceiver, a Wireless Local Area Network
(WLAN) transceiver, etc.
[0018] A related access control device, such as the one described briefly above, and security
method are also provided. The method may include generating a temporary security code
at a given electronic device based upon the unique ID associated therewith, receiving
the temporary security code at the at least one mobile wireless communications device
from the given electronic device, and receiving the temporary security code at the
access control device from the first NFC sensor via NFC communications. The method
may further include selectively granting personnel access via the access control device
based upon the received temporary security code, and determining the unique ID associated
with the given electronic device at the access control device.
[0019] A related computer-readable medium is also provided having computer-executable instructions
for causing an access control device to perform steps including receiving the temporary
security code from the first NFC sensor via NFC communications, selectively granting
personnel access based upon the received temporary security code, and determining
the unique ID associated with the given electronic device.
[0020] Referring initially to FIGS. 1 and 2, a security system 30 is first described. By
way of background, NFC is a short-range wireless communications technology in which
NFC-enabled devices are "swiped," "bumped" or otherwise moved in close proximity to
communicate. In one non-limiting example implementation, NFC may operate at 13.56
MHz and with an effective range of about 10cm, but other suitable versions of near-field
communication which may have different operating frequencies, effective ranges, etc.,
for example, may also be used.
[0021] The system 30 illustratively includes an access control device associated with a
personnel access position. In the illustrated example, the personnel access position
is at a security door 31 which is locked to prevent unauthorized access to a particular
area. In other embodiments, however, the personnel access position may correspond
to a security gate or turnstile, or to a secure object such as a safe, locker, or
a vehicle, for example. The access control device illustratively includes a first
NFC sensor (e.g., an NFC transceiver)
32, and a controller
33, which will be referred to as a security controller herein for clarity of reference.
These components may be co-located or separately located in different embodiments.
For example, the NFC sensor
32 may be located at the personnel access position, and the security controller
33 may be co-located therewith or remotely connected to the NFC sensor, such as over
a local area network (LAN), wireless communications link, the Internet, etc.
[0022] The security system
30 also illustratively includes a mobile wireless communications device
34 (also referred to as a "mobile device" herein) which comprises a second NFC sensor
35, a wireless receiver or transceiver
36 which communicates via a wireless communications network
39, and a controller
37, which will be referred to as the "mobile controller" herein for clarity of reference
since it is located in the mobile device. By way of example, the wireless transceiver
36 may comprise a cellular transceiver, a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) transceiver,
etc. The mobile device
34 components may be carried by a portable housing
38. By way of example, the security controller
33 and the mobile controller
37 may be implemented using a combination of hardware (e.g., microprocessor, etc.) and
non-transitory computer readable medium components including computer-readable instructions
for causing the various operations discussed herein to be performed. Example mobile
devices may include portable or personal media players (e.g., MP3 players, video players,
etc.), remote controls (e.g., television or stereo remotes, etc.), portable gaming
devices, portable or mobile telephones, smartphones, etc.
[0023] In its current implementation, NFC is a short range variant of radio-frequency identification
(RFID), typically operating at approximately 13.56 MHz. NFC technology allows a wireless
connection to be established between a mobile device that has an embedded NFC chipset
and an NFC reader terminal (e.g., 14443A/B, Felica, ISO 15693) at a range of about
10cm, so that the devices are "swiped", "bumped", "tapped", or otherwise moved relative
to one another to be in close proximity to communicate. NFC is a standardized technology
that may be used in various applications such as mobile banking, ticketing, secure
physical access, etc. However, it should be noted that, as used herein, "NFC" includes
other similar short-range wireless communication formats that may have a different
operating frequency, effective range, etc. The first and second NFC sensors
32, 35 may be passive tags or active readers depending upon the given implementation.
[0024] Referring additionally to FIG. 5, operation of the security system
30 is now further described. Beginning at Block
50, the mobile controller
37 is configured to communicate a security code, which may be valid or invalid, via
the second NFC sensor
35 to the first NFC sensor
32 based upon proximity therewith (i.e., when they are within NFC communication range),
at Block
51. By way of example, the security code may comprise a series of alphanumeric characters,
and in some embodiments the security code may be encrypted to provided enhanced security.
The security controller
33 is configured to selectively grant personnel access based upon receiving a valid
security code from the first NFC sensor
32, at Blocks
52 and
53, which illustratively concludes the method shown in FIG. 5 at Block
54. However, if the mobile controller
37 instead provides an invalid security code, then the security controller
33 denies personnel access and generates at least one access denial electronic message,
at Block
55. The mobile controller
37 is configured to receive the at least one denial electronic message (e.g., electronic
mail (email) message, Short Message Service (SMS) message, etc.) from the security
controller
36 via the second NFC sensor
35 or the wireless transceiver 36 based upon communicating the invalid security code,
at Block
56.
[0025] In this way, the person attempting to obtain access may advantageously be informed
as to the reason that access was denied. For example, a particular security code may
only be valid during certain times of the day, or certain days of the week, but invalid
outside of those times. Another example is that a security code may be valid for a
particular access point (e.g., the front of a building), but not other access points
(e.g., a back entrance to the building). The denial message may also inform the user
who the appropriate contact is to obtain access.
[0026] Turning now additionally to FIGS. 3 and 4, in some embodiments one or more mobile
devices
134a, 134b may be used. It should be noted that in the illustrated embodiments the components
which are similar to those already described above with reference to FIG. 2 are indicated
by increments of one-hundred (e.g., the wireless transceiver
36 is similar to the wireless transceivers
136a, 136b, etc.) for convenience of reference. Not only does the use of multiple mobile
devices
134a, 134b allow them to individually communicate with the access control device to gain personnel
access, but this may also allow one mobile device to exchange a security code with
the other device. That is, one of the mobile devices
134a may advantageously receive a valid security code from the other mobiles device
134b.
[0027] Thus, for example, the mobile device 134b may have an authorized valid security code
assigned thereto (such as for an employee, etc.), and the mobile controller 137b may
provide a temporary or single-use (i.e., "one-time") code to the other mobile device
134a (see Block
51', FIG. 6), such as to allow guest or visitor access, for example. In one use case,
the mobile device 134b may provide a valid security code to the mobile device
134a for an event by tapping the devices together, or sending an email or SMS message
with the appropriate information. That is, in some embodiments the mobile controller
137a may be configured to receive the valid security code via the second NFC sensor
135a, as seen in FIG. 3. In other embodiments, the mobile controller
137a' may be configured to receive the valid security code via the wireless transceiver
136a and the wireless communications network 139', as seen in FIG. 4.
[0028] Referring additionally to FIG. 6, in some embodiments it may be desirable to grant
personnel access based not only on provision of a valid security code, but also based
upon additional authentication data from the wireless transceiver
36, such as biometric data (e.g., fingerprint, iris, retina, etc.), a password or personal
identification number (PIN), etc., at Block
57'. In one example implementation, when the mobile device
34 is swiped or bumped to begin NFC communication, a prompt may be provided (such as
on a display of the mobile device) to authenticate the mobile device, and the mobile
controller
37 may communicate with the security controller 33 via the wireless transceiver
36 to thereby provide access upon receiving the correct additional authentication information.
[0029] Turning now to FIGS. 7 through 10, in accordance with another advantageous embodiment
a security system 230 illustratively includes a plurality of electronic devices
231a-231n, each having a unique identification (ID) associated therewith. By way of example,
the electronic devices 231a-231n may comprise computers (e.g., PCs, Macs, etc.), mobile
devices such as those noted above, etc. Beginning at Blocks
250, 250', each electronic device
231a-231n is configured to generate a temporary security code based upon the unique ID, at
Blocks 251, 251'. By way of example, the unique ID may be a unique alphanumeric code
associated with the electronic device, such as an Internet Protocol (IP) address,
a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) address, an International Mobile Equipment Identity
(IMEI) number, a mobile device PIN, a phone number, etc. In other embodiments, the
unique ID may instead be associated with a user to which the given electronic device
231 is assigned, such as an employee ID or PIN, etc.
[0030] The temporary security code may be a series of alphanumeric characters as described
above, and may be used to provide temporary (e.g., single-use) access to a secure
area, such as a building, office, storage area or locker, etc. The temporary security
code may be generated using the unique ID as a key seed, such as with a cryptographic
algorithm, or may instead be incorporated within or included as part of the temporary
security code, for example. The temporary security code provides the requisite information
for an access control device
240 to grant personnel access.
[0031] The system
230 further illustratively includes one or more mobile devices
234 comprising a first NFC sensor
235, and a mobile controller
237 configured to receive the temporary security code from a given electronic device,
namely the electronic device 231b in FIG. 7, from among the plurality of electronic
devices
231a-231n, at Blocks
252, 252'. The temporary security code may be communicated to the mobile controller
237 via a third NFC sensor
241' in an NFC-enabled electronic device
231a', or via a wireless communications network 239' from an electronic device such as a
mobile device
231b' comprising a wireless transceiver (e.g., cellular, WLAN, WiMAX, etc.), as seen in
FIG. 8.
[0032] The access control device
240 is associated with a personnel access position, as noted above, and it illustratively
includes a second NFC sensor
232 and a security controller
233. The security controller
233 is configured to receive the temporary security code from the first NFC sensor
235 via NFC communications, at Blocks
253, 253', selectively grant personnel access based upon the received temporary security code,
at Block 254, and determine the unique ID associated with the given electronic device,
at Block
255, thus concluding the method illustratively shown in FIG. 9. This advantageously allows
one user to grant temporary access to another, such as to enter a building for a meeting,
etc., while also allowing the security controller
233 to track the user who granted the temporary access. To this end, the access control
device
240' shown in FIG. 8 further illustratively includes a security database
242' coupled to the security controller
233' and configured to update or maintain a log of unique IDs used for granting temporary
access. The log may also include an indication of the mobile device
234' to which access was granted, date/time of access, etc.
[0033] The determination as to whether to grant personnel access may be based upon factors
other than whether a valid temporary security code is presented to the security controller
233, at Block
257' (FIG. 10). For example, the security controller
233 may also be configured to further selectively grant personnel access also based upon
the determined unique ID. More particularly, the security controller
233' may check to see whether the unique ID is valid, at Block
258'. By way of example, a unique ID may no longer be valid if it corresponds to a user
that is no longer an employee or is no longer authorized to grant access. Even though
the unique ID may have been issued by an electronic device
231 having a valid unique ID at the time the temporary security code was issued, if the
unique ID is no longer valid at the time access by the mobile device
234 is requested, then it may be desirable to exclude the temporary personnel access
in some implementations.
[0034] In some embodiments, the temporary security code may be exchanged as part of, or
along with, an event notification generated by a given electronic device, which in
the embodiment of FIG. 8 is the mobile device
231b'. For example, a user may issue an event invitation from a PC or Mac computer, such
as through Microsoft® Outlook, for example, and invite one or more participants to
an event in the user's building at a scheduled event time (i.e., a given date and
time). The event invitation may include a temporary security code that allows event
attendees to temporarily access the building at the time of, or within a time window
of (e.g., 15 minutes prior to the start time), the event. Depending upon the given
embodiment, the temporary security code may be included as part of an initial event
invitation, or may be provided in response to an acceptance of an event invitation,
for example. If the temporary security code or unique ID is not valid, or it is not
the scheduled time (or within a window of the scheduled time), then personnel access
may be denied, which concludes the method illustrated in FIG. 10 (Block
256'). Otherwise, personnel access may be granted, at Block
254'.
[0035] A related computer-readable medium is also provided having computer-executable instructions
for causing the access control device
240 to perform steps including receiving the temporary security code from the first NFC
sensor 235 via NFC communications, selectively granting personnel access based upon
the received temporary security code, and determining the unique ID associated with
the given electronic device (i.e., the device 231b in FIG. 7). The computer-readable
medium may further include computer-executable instructions for performing the additional
steps described above.
[0036] Example components of a mobile device
1000 that may be used in accordance with the above-described embodiments are further described
below with reference to FIG. 11. The device 1000 illustratively includes a housing
1200, a keyboard or keypad
1400 and an output device
1600. The output device shown is a display
1600, which may comprise a full graphic LCD. Other types of output devices may alternatively
be utilized. A processing device
1800 is contained within the housing
1200 and is coupled between the keypad
1400 and the display
1600. The processing device
1800 controls the operation of the display
1600, as well as the overall operation of the mobile device
1000, in response to actuation of keys on the keypad
1400.
[0037] The housing
1200 may be elongated vertically, or may take on other sizes and shapes (including clamshell
housing structures). The keypad may include a mode selection key, or other hardware
or software for switching between text entry and telephony entry.
[0038] In addition to the processing device
1800, other parts of the mobile device
1000 are shown schematically in FIG. 11. These include a communications subsystem
1001; a short-range communications subsystem
1020; the keypad
1400 and the display
1600, along with other input/output devices
1060, 1080, 1100 and
1120; as well as memory devices
1160, 1180 and various other device subsystems
1201. The mobile device
1000 may comprise a two-way RF communications device having data and, optionally, voice
communications capabilities. In addition, the mobile device
1000 may have the capability to communicate with other computer systems via the Internet.
[0039] Operating system software executed by the processing device 1800 is stored in a persistent
store, such as the flash memory 1160, but may be stored in other types of memory devices,
such as a read only memory (ROM) or similar storage element. In addition, system software,
specific device applications, or parts thereof, may be temporarily loaded into a volatile
store, such as the random access memory (RAM) 1180. Communications signals received
by the mobile device may also be stored in the RAM 1180.
[0040] The processing device 1800, in addition to its operating system functions, enables
execution of software applications
1300A-1300N on the device 1000. A predetermined set of applications that control basic device
operations, such as data and voice communications 1300A and
1300B, may be installed on the device 1000 during manufacture. In addition, a personal information
manager (PIM) application may be installed during manufacture. The PIM may be capable
of organizing and managing data items, such as e-mail, calendar events, voice mails,
appointments, and task items. The PIM application may also be capable of sending and
receiving data items via a wireless network 1401. The PIM data items may be seamlessly
integrated, synchronized and updated via the wireless network 1401 with corresponding
data items stored or associated with a host computer system.
[0041] Communication functions, including data and voice communications, are performed through
the communications subsystem 1001, and possibly through the short-range communications
subsystem. The communications subsystem 1001 includes a receiver 1500, a transmitter
1520, and one or more antennas 1540 and 1560. In addition, the communications subsystem
1001 also includes a processing module, such as a digital signal processor (DSP) 1580,
and local oscillators (LOs) 1601. The specific design and implementation of the communications
subsystem
1001 is dependent upon the communications network in which the mobile device
1000 is intended to operate. For example, a mobile device
1000 may include a communications subsystem
1001 designed to operate with the Mobitex™, Data TAC™ or General Packet Radio Service
(GPRS) mobile data communications networks, and also designed to operate with any
of a variety of voice communications networks, such as AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, WCDMA, PCS,
GSM, EDGE, etc. Other types of data and voice networks, both separate and integrated,
may also be utilized with the mobile device
1000. The mobile device
1000 may also be compliant with other communications standards such as 3GSM, 3GPP, UMTS,
4G, etc.
[0042] Network access requirements vary depending upon the type of communication system.
For example, in the Mobitex and DataTAC networks, mobile devices are registered on
the network using a unique personal identification number or PIN associated with each
device. In GPRS networks, however, network access is associated with a subscriber
or user of a device. A GPRS device therefore typically involves use of a subscriber
identity module, commonly referred to as a SIM card, in order to operate on a GPRS
network.
[0043] When required network registration or activation procedures have been completed,
the mobile device 1000 may send and receive communications signals over the communication
network 1401. Signals received from the communications network 1401 by the antenna
1540 are routed to the receiver 1500, which provides for signal amplification, frequency
down conversion, filtering, channel selection, etc., and may also provide analog to
digital conversion. Analog-to-digital conversion of the received signal allows the
DSP 1580 to perform more complex communications functions, such as demodulation and
decoding. In a similar manner, signals to be transmitted to the network
1401 are processed (e.g. modulated and encoded) by the DSP
1580 and are then provided to the transmitter
1520 for digital to analog conversion, frequency up conversion, filtering, amplification
and transmission to the communication network
1401 (or networks) via the antenna
1560.
[0044] In addition to processing communications signals, the DSP
1580 provides for control of the receiver
1500 and the transmitter
1520. For example, gains applied to communications signals in the receiver
1500 and transmitter
1520 may be adaptively controlled through automatic gain control algorithms implemented
in the DSP
1580.
[0045] In a data communications mode, a received signal, such as a text message or web page
download, is processed by the communications subsystem
1001 and is input to the processing device
1800. The received signal is then further processed by the processing device
1800 for an output to the display 1600, or alternatively to some other auxiliary I/O device
1060. A device may also be used to compose data items, such as e-mail messages, using
the keypad
1400 and/or some other auxiliary I/O device
1060, such as a touchpad, a rocker switch, a thumb-wheel, or some other type of input
device. The composed data items may then be transmitted over the communications network
1401 via the communications subsystem
1001.
[0046] In a voice communications mode, overall operation of the device is substantially
similar to the data communications mode, except that received signals are output to
a speaker
1100, and signals for transmission are generated by a microphone
1120. Alternative voice or audio I/O subsystems, such as a voice message recording subsystem,
may also be implemented on the device
1000. In addition, the display 1
600 may also be utilized in voice communications mode, for example to display the identity
of a calling party, the duration of a voice call, or other voice call related information.
[0047] The short-range communications subsystem enables communication between the mobile
device
1000 and other proximate systems or devices, which need not necessarily be similar devices.
For example, the short-range communications subsystem may include an infrared device
and associated circuits and components, NFC or a Bluetooth™ communications module
to provide for communication with similarly-enabled systems and devices.
[0048] Many modifications and other embodiments will come to the mind of one skilled in
the art having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions
and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is understood that various modifications
and embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.