[0001] As its name describes, the invention object of the present invention relates to an
improved packaging for transporting objects, particularly objects that require careful
handling during their transport, this packaging including means for maintaining constant
temperature and humidity conditions inside it without requiring a power supply.
[0002] It also discloses other characteristics for protecting the transported object from
mechanical hazards such as impacts, vibrations, overturning or pressure, weather hazards,
fire and even biological hazards, among others.
[0003] The invention belongs to the field of packaging.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] The transportation of fragile objects, such as works of art, requires extreme care
against potential impacts, vibrations, sudden manipulation, improper temperature,
improper humidity, biological hazards, fire and other variables that can affect the
transported object.
[0005] Both the temperature and the humidity can be controlled independently by heating/cooling
systems or humidifying/dehumidifying systems.
[0006] These systems require an external power supply, so that although they may be appropriate
for fixed exhibition locations, they cause problems when attempting to install them
in packaging for transportation.
[0007] The transportation problems result, among other matters, from the additional weight
of the packaging systems such as described above, as well as from the need for an
electrical power supply that can be provided either by an external connection or,
to achieve a standalone packaging, by batteries.
[0008] When the transportation will be by air these problems are increased, as in addition
to the increased cost due to the additional weight, there exist air safety regulations
that constrain the presence of operating electrical devices in the baggage hold and
prohibit the transportation of batteries in commercial flights, as they are considered
hazardous materials due to their components.
[0009] There are no references in the state of the art regarding packaging for transporting
items which, in an autonomous manner and without the need for a power supply, are
able to maintain constant the desired humidity and temperature conditions, although
the use is known of autonomous humidity regulators in packages for fragile objects,
as disclosed in
US2006226037, as well as means for maintaining the temperature constant by using insulators, as
disclosed in
US2009145912, or devices for preventing the temperature from rising inside closed spaces based
on the use of active substances, as disclosed in
JP2006023059.
[0010] The present invention improves on the known packaging and crates for transportation
hitherto, as controlling the temperature and the seal of the compartment or compartments
containing the objects to be transported also allows controlling humidity, thereby
obtaining a packaging that guarantees, among other parameters, the temperature and
humidity in a simple and autonomous manner.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The invention described herein allows the safe transportation of fragile objects
protecting them from both mechanical hazards, for which it comprises a reinforced
outer structure and a strong inner packaging, and from variations in temperature and
humidity that can affect the transported object, all of this without requiring a power
supply.
[0012] For this purpose, the packaging comprises:
An outer case that can be opened at least on one of its sides;
A thermal insulator;
A mechanical insulator;
At least one sealed inner compartment;
Heat accumulators with a high thermal inertia;
Humidity regulation agents.
[0013] The term "mechanical insulator" as used in this text refers to any system that can
dampen and/or eliminate mechanical energy such as vibrations, impact, knocks and/or
falls, whether by shock absorbers or with any material having the characteristics
required for this purpose.
[0014] The outer casing comprises a deep frame and two side covers of which at least one
can be opened, with reinforced lateral edges, increasing the strength of the assembly
and providing additional protection against impacts.
[0015] The thermal insulator that covers its inner walls is attached to the inside of the
casing.
[0016] The mechanical insulator, when it is for example a coating such as a polyethylene
foam expanded with inert gas, is attached to the thermal insulator in all the inner
surfaces, although in the bottom surface it is preferably attached less strongly,
in order to simplify its replacement and thereby prevent loss of efficacy due to creep
resulting from the prolonged loads it must withstand.
[0017] For other types of mechanical insulators, such as shock absorber assemblies, an internal
frame can be included to which these are attached.
[0018] In the packaging thus configured, at least one sealed compartment is defined that
can be opened by at least one of its faces.
[0019] This compartment is made of a strong and preferably fireproof material, such as aluminium.
[0020] As this compartment is sealed, there is no exchange of air between the inside and
the outside, so that the internal relative humidity depends only on the temperature.
In this way, controlling the temperature also allows controlling the humidity.
[0021] To prevent sudden changes in pressure outside the sealed compartment from causing
deformations in the packaging that may compromise its seal, it is possible to optionally
include valves for balancing the internal and external pressures, so that although
there is a certain loss in sealing if these valves must act to correct the pressure
difference, the risk is prevented of these differences causing deformations that would
result in a complete loss of sealing.
[0022] It is possible to install attachment elements inside this compartment, such as a
moving profile device, for a correct attachment and immobilisation of the object to
transport.
[0023] Between the mechanical insulation and the compartment are disposed some heat accumulators
with a high thermal inertia and a specific phase change point in view of the desired
temperature, generally between 21°C and 22°C that give the assembly thermal stability.
[0024] These accumulators can have an additional protection covering them.
[0025] The important factor in these accumulators is that the phase change occurs at the
central point of the specified working range.
[0026] When it is expected that the packaging will be at temperatures under the minimum
temperature, the accumulators must have a maximum conditioning, as at this temperature
the content of the accumulator is in liquid phase, and when the phase changes from
liquid to solid an exothermic reaction takes place that makes the slope of the cooling
curve temporarily change to a trough until the entire content is in solid phase, generating
a thermal stability in the environment inside the packaging.
[0027] When instead the packaging is expected to support temperatures above the maximum
temperature the accumulators must have minimum conditioning, in which their content
must be in solid state, so that the phase transition from solid to liquid requires
supplying heat and the accumulator will capture the surrounding heat, in this case
from the inside of the packaging, again defining a trough in the temperature curve
that extends throughout the phase change of the entire content of the accumulators.
[0028] The packaging also incorporates humidity control agents such as silica crystals,
specifically micronised crystals that can be humidified or dehumidified according
to the variations that can occur, thereby maintaining the humidity constant as calibrated,
generally between 50% and 60%.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] To aid a better understanding of the description, the following figures are provided
that show an example of embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1 shows an exploded view of the outer casing of the packaging, showing the
deep frame (1) that constitutes the main structure of the packaging, the reinforcements
and the corners (2), the front and rear covers (3) and (4), the thermal insulator
(5) covering the casing on its inside, and the mechanical insulator (6) and the spaces
provided for the accumulators (7).
Figure 2 shows an outer view of the sealed compartment (8) that is housed inside the
casing represented in Figure 1, showing that it comprises a body or box (9) and a
cover (10) provided with handles (11) to simplify opening it.
Figure 3 shows an exploded view of the sealed compartment (8), showing the cover (10)
and the body (9) that contains a system of rails and corner pieces (12) for adjusting
and immobilising the object to transport, as well as spaces for containing the humidity
regulators (13).
DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
[0030] Many modifications and alternative embodiments of the invention will be obvious to
persons skilled in the art in view of the foregoing description, so that the example
of embodiment described below is only meant to be for purposes of illustration, in
a non-limiting manner, such that other embodiments sharing the spirit of that described
will also be covered by the protection sought.
[0031] The packaging for storing an item at a specific temperature and humidity that constitutes
the object of this invention is mainly differentiated in that it comprises an outer
casing, a thermal insulator, a mechanical insulator, a sealed compartment, heat accumulators
with a high thermal inertia and humidity controlling agents.
[0032] The casing shown in figure 1, which can be opened on its two greater faces, is made
of a strong and resistant material, having successfully tested plywood which can be
painted or varnished to fireproof it.
[0033] As shown in figure 1, the outer casing has L-shaped lateral protrusions, preferably
made of aluminium, to protect its corners, as well as preferably metallic fast-close
joints with a lock or a numbered seal, depending on the requirements of the itinerary.
[0034] The base can incorporate wheels to facilitate its mobility.
[0035] The outer casing is internally covered with a thermal insulator, such as 40 mm thick
vacuum insulating panels attached to the inside of the outer casing by an adhesive,
although the thickness of the insulating materials will be determined according to
the thermal conductivity coefficients of each one and the specific needs of each case.
[0036] To provide protection against knocks and vibrations, the thermal insulator is internally
covered with a mechanical insulator, such as polyethylene foam expanded with an inert
gas that is attached by a permanent adhesive, except at its bottom part where a softer
adhesive or attachment means is used that allows a simple replacement to prevent the
effects of material creep.
[0037] The accumulators are adhered to the thermal insulator to increase the effectiveness
of the passive temperature control.
[0038] These accumulators are preferably protected by a coating of anodised aluminium.
[0039] The packaging also comprises a sealed inner compartment shown in figure 2 that houses
the item to be transported.
[0040] The humidity control agent is placed inside this compartment, as shown in figure
3.
[0041] The packaging thus obtained and open on its sides can be seen in figure 4.
[0042] The packaging for storing items is provided with GPRS devices that allow tracking
it at all times, informing of any incidents that may occur, as well as with devices
for continuous control and monitoring of the temperature and humidity.
[0043] This packaging can be provided with additional smoke detection systems or antitheft
security systems.
1. IMPROVED PACKAGING FOR TRANSPORTATION, characterised in that it comprises an outer casing that can be opened at least on one of its sides, thermal
insulation, mechanical insulation, at least one sealed inner compartment, heat accumulators
with a high thermal inertia and passive humidity control agents.
2. IMPROVED PACKAGING FOR TRANSPORTATION according to claim 1, characterised in that the components of the packaging are disposed in the following order, from the outside
to the inside: outer casing, thermal insulation, mechanical insulation, heat accumulators
with a high thermal inertia, sealed internal compartment and passive humidity control
agents.
3. IMPROVED PACKAGING FOR TRANSPORTATION according to claim 1, characterised in that the outer casing can be opened on its two greater faces.
4. IMPROVED PACKAGING FOR TRANSPORTATION according to claim 1, characterised in that the packaging is provided with or is covered or coated with fireproof materials.
5. IMPROVED PACKAGING FOR TRANSPORTATION according to claim 1, characterised in that the packaging is provided with or is covered or coated with waterproof materials.
6. IMPROVED PACKAGING FOR TRANSPORTATION according to claim 1, characterised in that inner sealed compartment is resistant.
7. IMPROVED PACKAGING FOR TRANSPORTATION according to claim 1, characterised in that the passive humidity control agents (11) preferably use silica crystals.
8. IMPROVED PACKAGING FOR TRANSPORTATION according to claim 1, characterised in that the heat accumulators are of the phase change material (PCM) type.
9. IMPROVED PACKAGING FOR TRANSPORTATION according to claim 1, characterised in that the thermal insulation completely covers its inner faces.
10. IMPROVED PACKAGING FOR TRANSPORTATION according to claim 1, characterised in that it contains inside it a mechanical insulator that covers at least one of its inner
faces, wherein said insulator, at least that coating the bottom inner face, is attached
to the packaging in a manner allowing its simple replacement.
11. IMPROVED PACKAGING FOR TRANSPORTATION according to claim 1, characterised in that it includes devices for detecting and/or controlling one or several incidents related
to theft, location by GPRS, knocks and overturning of the packages.
12. IMPROVED PACKAGING FOR TRANSPORTATION according to claim 1, characterised in that it is provided with devices for constant climate control and monitoring internal
humidity.
13. IMPROVED PACKAGING FOR TRANSPORTATION according to claims 1 and 6, characterised in that the inner compartment can optionally incorporate valves for balancing the internal
and external pressures of said compartment.