The invention relates to a nozzle module for an injection valve and the injection valve.
Increasingly stringent statutory requirements relating to the permissible emission of harmful substances from internal combustion engines employed in motor vehicles make it necessary to adopt various measures by means of which the harmful emissions can be reduced. One approach here is to reduce the harmful emissions generated by the internal combustion engine. The formation of soot depends greatly on the preparation of the air/fuel mixture in the particular cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
Fuel injectors are well-known devices for injecting fuel into engines, either into an intake manifold upstream of a combustion chamber, or directly into the combustion chamber. A correspondingly improved mixture preparation can be achieved if the fuel is metered at a very high pressure. A fuel spray of the fuel injector influences not only the combustion and power generation but also the generation of undesirable byproducts of combustion.
The object of the invention is to create a nozzle module of an injection valve and an injection valve which facilitate an effective and precise injection of the injection valve and/or a cost-effective manufacturing of the nozzle module respectively of the injection valve.
These objects are achieved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are given in the sub-claims.
According to a first aspect the invention is distinguished by a nozzle module for an injection valve. The nozzle module comprises a nozzle body, which has a seal seat, a nozzle body recess and at least one first injection nozzle and at least one second injection nozzle which are hydraulically coupled with the nozzle body recess. The nozzle body recess can be hydraulically coupled to a high pressure circuit of a fluid. The first injection nozzle is embodied as a through-hole with a circular cross-sectional shape and the at least second injection nozzle is embodied as a through-hole with a cross-sectional shape differing from the cross-sectional shape of the at least one first injection nozzle. Furthermore the nozzle module comprises at least one nozzle needle arranged in an axially moveable fashion in the nozzle body recess with a central axis, wherein the nozzle needle comprises a seat area with a sealing surface and the sealing surface interacts with the seal seat such that in a closed position the nozzle needle prevents fluid from flowing through the at least one first and second injection nozzle and in an open position releases a fluid flow through the at least one first and second injection nozzle.
This has the advantage, that a fuel spray pattern easily can be customized and/or optimized for different combustion engine types resulting in an improved combustion and power generation.
For a drilling of the first and second injection nozzles new drilling technologies, e. g. laser drilling and/or electrical discharge machining (EDM) can be used. These technologies allow a very high precision and flexibility with regard to a hole shape and tolerances. Advantageously, the drilling of the at least first and second injection nozzles may be done in one production step, respectively.
The nozzle module with at least more than one injection nozzle may ensure firstly as widespread as possible a distribution of the fuel in the combustion chamber, with which wide regions of the combustion chamber are covered by the injection jets, which is advantageous in particular with regard to the homogenization of the air/fuel mixture.
The at least one first injection nozzle may comprise a through-hole with an outlet and inlet opening having different diameters. In particular, the first and/or second injection nozzle may taper down from the inlet opening to the outlet opening. The first and/or second injection nozzles may comprise different lengths, respectively.
In an advantageous embodiment the at least one second injection nozzle is embodied as a through-hole with a cross-sectional shape suitable to generate a flat injection jet. This may allow generating a thin, film-shaped, jet with low penetration and good atomization close to the spark plug for stratified operations.
In a further advantageous embodiment the at least second injection nozzle is embodied as a through-hole with a mainly elliptical and/or mainly rectangular and/or mainly groove-shaped and/or sickle-shaped cross-section. This may allow generating a thin, film-shaped, jet with low penetration and good atomization close to a spark plug for stratified operations.
In a further advantageous embodiment the nozzle module comprises at least two first injection nozzles comprising different hole cross-sections. The variation of the diameter and/or size of the first or second injector nozzles can be coordinated with the angle of inclination of the injection valve mounted on a cylinder. According to a second aspect the invention is distinguished by an injection valve comprising a nozzle module according to the first aspect and an injector module, with the injector module being operable to act on the nozzle module.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in the following with the aid of schematic drawings. These are as follows:
- Figure 1
- an injection valve in a longitudinal section view with a nozzle module,
- Figure 2
- a schematic three-dimensional view of a fluid outlet part of the nozzle module,
- Figure 3
- a first exemplary fuel spray pattern of the nozzle module of the injection valve and
- Figure 4
- a second exemplary fuel spray pattern in a combustion chamber of a combustion engine.
Elements of the same design and function that appear in different illustrations are identified by the same reference character.
FIG. 1 shows an injection valve 1 with a nozzle module 10 and an injector module 11. The injector module 11 functionally interacts with the nozzle module 10.
The nozzle module 10 has a nozzle body 12 and the injector module 11 has an injector body 13. The nozzle body 12 and the injector body 13 are formed integrally and are embodied as a fuel tube. Alternatively the nozzle body 12 and injector body 13 may be firmly bonded, e. g. by welding. Alternatively, the nozzle body 12 may be permanently fastened to the injector body 13 by means of an acorn nut. The nozzle body 12 and the injector body 13 thus form a common housing of the injection valve 1.
A nozzle needle 18 with a central axis Z is arranged in a nozzle body recess 14, the latter forming the nozzle module 10 together with the nozzle body 12.
The injection valve 1 comprises an actuator. The actuator is an electro-magnetic actuator in the present embodiment. The electro-magnetic actuator comprises an armature 16 and a solenoid 17. The solenoid 17 is arranged radially around the injector body 1313. The actuator is designed to actuate the nozzle needle 18. The actuator unit is activated according to a predetermined activation signal within a given activation period for effecting a fluid flow out of at least one first and at least one second injection nozzle 24, 25. The actuator can, however, also be embodied as another actuator which is known to the person skilled in the art for this purpose and is known to be suitable. For example, the actuator may also be a piezoelectric actuator.
The armature 16 is axially movable in the nozzle body recess 14. The armature 16 is coupled to the nozzle needle 18 to enable an axial movement of the nozzle needle 18.
A nozzle spring 22 is arranged in a recess 26 provided in the injector body. Furthermore a filter element is arranged in the recess 26 of the injector body 13 and forms a further seat for the nozzle spring 22.
The nozzle needle 18 is guided in an area of the nozzle body recess 14. It is also pre-stressed by means of the nozzle spring 22, such that it prevents fluid from flowing through the at least one first injection nozzle 24 and the at least one second injection nozzle 25 arranged in a nozzle cone 23 of the nozzle body 12, if no additional forces act on the nozzle needle 18.
When actuating the actuator the nozzle needle 18 is firstly moved from its closed position into its open position, in which the nozzle needle 18 releases the fluid flow through the at least one first and the at least one second injection nozzle 24, 25.
Figure 2 exemplarily illustrates a schematic three-dimensional view of a fluid outlet part of the nozzle module 10, in particular the nozzle cone 23. Figure 2 shows an exemplary arrangement of at least one first injection nozzle 24 and at least one second injection nozzle 25 in the nozzle body 12.
In Figure 2 the nozzle body 12 comprises six first injection nozzles 24, which are arranged in the nozzle cone 23 and embodied as through-holes with a circular cross-sectional shape. These first injection nozzles 24 may comprise different cross-section diameters.
The nozzle cone 23 of the nozzle body 12 shown in Figure 2, for instance, comprises one second injection nozzle 25, which is embodied as a through-hole with a cross-sectional shape differing from the cross-sectional shape of the at least one first injection nozzle. This second injection nozzle 25 may be embodied as a through-hole with a cross-sectional shape suitable to generate a flat injection jet. Such second injection nozzles 25 may be respectively embodied as a through-hole with a mainly elliptical and/or mainly rectangular and/or mainly groove-shaped and/or sickle-shaped cross-section.
The nozzle body 12 may comprise more than the one second injection nozzle 25. In particular, the nozzle body 12 may comprise more than the one second injection nozzles 25, which have different cross-sectional shapes. The different cross-sectional shapes may differ in size and/or type.
The at least one first injection nozzle 24 may comprise a through-hole with an inlet opening 56 and outlet opening 57 having different diameters. In particular the first and/or second injection nozzle 24, 25 may taper down from the inlet opening 56 to the outlet opening 57.
Figure 3 shows a first exemplary fuel spray pattern 60 of the nozzle module 10 of the injection valve 1. In this case the nozzle body 12 comprises six of the first injection nozzles 24 and one of the second injection nozzles 25. Each of the first injection nozzles 24 generates the first injection jet 61 with a mainly conical shape. The second injection nozzle 25 generates the second injection jet 62 with a mainly sickle-shaped cross-section.
In figure 4 a combustion chamber 75 of a combustion engine, for example of a spark ignition engine with direct fuel injection (SIDI engine), is partially illustrated in a longitudinal-section view. A piston 71 is moveable in a closed end cylinder 73 and defines with the cylinder 73 a variable volume combustion chamber 75. The cylinder 73 comprises a longitudinal axis L. The combustion chamber 75 is configured with a spark plug 77 and an injection valve 1 cooperatively arranged such that the fuel spray pattern 60 from the injection vale will go very close to the spark plug gap. The exemplary combustion engine comprises at least one gas inlet valve 79 and at least one gas outlet valve (not shown). The spark plug 77 and the injection valve 1 are located offset in the cylinder head with respect to the longitudinal axis L of the cylinder 73.
The nozzle module 10 of the injection valve 1 may comprise at least three, preferably at least four injection nozzles 24, 25, in particular seven or eight injection nozzles 24, 25. A typical total number of injection nozzles 24, 25 is four to eight. A certain number of injection nozzles 24, 25 ensures firstly as widespread as possible a distribution of the fuel in the combustion chamber 75, with which wide regions of the combustion chamber 75 are covered by the injection jets 61, 62, which is advantageous in particular with regard to the homogenization of the air/fuel mixture.
The variation of the diameter and/or size and/or length of the injector nozzles may preferably be coordinated with the angle of inclination of the injection valve 1, that is to say the greater the degree to which the installation position of the injection valve 1 is inclined, the more pronounced the variation of the diameters and/or sizes and/or lengths may be. This corresponds to the fact that the impetuses of the injection jets 61, 62 differ to a greater extent with increasing angle of inclination.
As shown in figure 4, e. g. two of the at least one first injection nozzles 24 may be designed to generate long and thin jets to fill the combustion chamber 75 along the bigger dimension. For instance, one of the at least one first injection nozzles 24 may be designed and arranged to generate a short and thick jet to fill the combustion chamber 75 and/or to avoid impingement. One of the second injection nozzles 25 may be designed and arranged to generate a thin, film-shaped, jet with low penetration and good atomization close to the spark plug 75 for stratified operations.