System for window installation in a roof

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an installation system for a roof window in a layered structure of a roof, the structure consisting of structural components and layers of thermal and damp insulations. An installation system pertains to a window opened at least as a pivot window, it may also pertain to a dual-action window opened as a pivot window or as a tilt window.

[0002] State of the art. Patent description No. PL 214536 discloses a roof window, having a window frame fixed by runners penetrating the roof structure basically perpendicularly to its surface, the runners being covered on the side with a thin layer of thermal insulation. Significant part of the window frame protrudes above the roof's surface, causing escape of heat from the attic outwards through the window frame; moreover, the fixing runners form thermal bridges, facilitating escape of heat from the attic. Moreover, in known roof windows being opened as pivoting, called also pivot windows, hinges, in which the sash is mounted, usually made of metal, are immersed into the window between the side members of the window frame and of the sash, forming thermal bridges.

[0003] Application DE20316919 U presents roof window, which glazing unit is placed under sub-cover structure. Aim of this window mounting is to seat screening arrangement in roof structure to protect it from atmospheric condition, like wind.

[0004] There is also know invention from application EP 0326503A1 which relates to roof window immersed in roof window structure. There is also know invention from application NL6604236 disclosing roof window with hinge located above the glazing of the window.

[0005] Essence of the solution. A system for window installation in a roof with a layered structure, the system comprising a roof window having a window frame, a window sash with a glazing unit seated in the sash, being opened particularly through its rotation in the window frame around a horizontal axis, characterised in that when the window is closed, the glazing unit in the window sash is immersed in the roof structure, so as to at least a half of thickness of the glazing unit is situated in the structure of the roof deeper than the surface called a "sub-cover surface". The term "sub-cover surface", when used in this description of the invention, is to be understood as either the surface of structural elements of the roof, on which the external roofing is seated, such as: roof tiles, profiled sheet or flat sheet; or the bottom surface of the roofing layer, separating in prefabricated roofing panels, the layer of thermal insulation from the environment, at least in direct neighbourhood of the window, the bottom surface of the roofing layer in a collar filled with an insulating material, protruding above the main surface of the roof. The structural elements of the roof, on which the roofing and thermal insulations are seated in the roof structure, reach the window frame for a distance not longer than the required installation play. The term "installation play" used in this description means play necessary for introduction of the roof window to the opening cut in the supporting structure and thermal insulations of the roof, together with any additional thermal insulation around the window, being introduced together with the window during its installation in the roof. The additional thermal insulation in the gap around the window may be seated by push-in. The term "installation play" does not pertain to hollows in the roof structure formed around the window and intended for, for instance drainage of precipitation flowing on the roof plane, as there are no such hollows in the window installation system according to the invention.

[0006] The window installed in the roof and being opened by rotation of its sash in the window frame around a horizontal axis, is particularly a window opened at least as a pivot window, or by rotation in hinges situated at both side edges of the sash, slightly above the middle of the height of the sash and the window frame. The window sash, both in a closed window and in a window opened as a pivot window, is situated in the clear opening of the window frame; in an open window, a part of the sash, usually the lower situated below the pivoting hinges, protrudes above the roof's surface, while the other part of the sash, is located in the attic. The window may be also a dual-action window, that is, apart from pivoting hinges, it has a second pair of hinges, called "tilting hinges" and situated at the top of the window. The tilting hinges enable to open the window in the tilting mode, by rotation of the whole sash towards the outside, around a horizontal axis located at the top edge of the window.

[0007] In the pivoting hinges, centres of mass of elements of these hinges connected with the sash, are situated above the external surface of the glazing unit, when the window is closed. Also the other elements of the pivoting hinges, including those which in a single-action window - a pivot window - are connected with the window frame, have preferably centres of mass situated above the external surface of the glazing unit, when the window is closed. The centre of mass of elements of a pivoting hinge connected with the sash, or with the window frame, should be understood as a common centre of mass of all these elements of the pivoting hinge, which are fixed, respectively, to the sash, or to the window frame, and their fastening elements, as well as other elements belonging to one or the other subset of the hinge, In a dual-action window, being opened as a pivot window or as a tilt window, both the elements of the pivoting hinge connected with the sash, and the elements of the second subset of this hinge, which is connected with a tilting hinge through an intermediate arm, have centres of mass situated above the external surface of the glazing unit. Also in the tilting hinges, as well as in the intermediate arms connecting the pivoting hinges with the tilting hinges, centres of mass of these elements are situated preferably above the external surface of the glazing unit when the window is closed.

[0008] In the first aspect of the system for installation of the window, characterised in that the sub-cover surface is the surface of elements, on which the external roofing is seated, the structure of the roof comprises rafters, constituting structural components of the roof framework. A layer of thermal insulation is placed between the rafters, and the layered structure of the roof comprises also a breathing membrane, laid on the rafters, above thermal insulation, while a vapour barrier is placed under thermal insulation. Also, the roof structure contains cover panels from the side of the attic, fixed to the rafters from below.

[0009] The window frame rests on the sub-cover surface with at least one of its structural elements connecting it with the roof, and the pivoting hinges are situated above this surface, on the external side of the window. The element of the window frame connecting it with the roof, rests on the external surface of the window frame members, on the external side of the window, and it protrudes beyond the outline of the window frame members and the clearance of the roof opening for a window, at least in two opposite directions. Preferably, the window frame rests on the sub-cover surface of the roof with its support flashing protruding at least sideways beyond the outline of the window frame members and the clearance of the roof opening for the window.

[0010] In the roof covered with roofing tiles, the sub-cover surface, being the support for the structural element of the window frame, connecting the frame with the roof, is the external surface of battens, laid horizontally above the rafters, and having the roofing tiles mounted. At least 90 % of thickness of the glazing unit is situated in the roof structure deeper than the external surface of the battens.

[0011] In the roof covered with roofing profiled sheets, including sheets with embossings imitating roofing tiles, the sub-cover surface, being the support for the structural element of the window frame, connecting the frame with the roof, is the external surface of battens, laid horizontally above the rafters, and having the roofing profiled sheets mounted. At least 90 % of thickness of the glazing unit is situated in the roof structure deeper than the external surface of the battens.

[0012] In the roof with a flat roofing, for instance with roof paper or flat sheets, the sub-cover surface, being the support for the structural element of the window frame, connecting the frame with the roof, is the external surface of boarding, on which the flat roofing is seated. At least 90 % of thickness of the glazing unit is situated in the roof structure deeper than the external surface of the boarding.

[0013] In a second aspect of the system for installation of the window in a layered structure of the roof, the window is seated in the layer of thermal insulation of the roof, which at least in direct neighbourhood of the window is situated close to the external surface of the roof and is separated from the environment with a layer of covering, protecting from the influence of precipitations, and the sub-cover surface is the lower surface, or from the side of thermal insulation, the covering layer surface. These layered structure of the roof is formed particularly by prefabricated layered roofing panels, consisting of a metal mantle and filling made of an insulating material, and the window is seated in a prefabricated layered panel. In the layered panels having external surface with hollows and protrusions, the sub-cover surface is the bottom surface of the hollows in the covering layer.

[0014] The roof window may be also seated in a collar protruding above the main surface of the roof, the collar being filled with insulating material and shielded by the detailing of the roof, which reaches the window frame. The collar is filled with insulating material and it may be used in roofs with various supporting structures and various systems of thermal insulation of the main surface of the roof.

[0015] The window installed in the roof, identically as in the first aspect of the invention, is a window being opened as a pivot window, or is a dual-action window, being opened as a tilt window or a pivot window. Placement of the pivoting hinges, and also the tilting hinges, if present, in relation to the glazing unit in the sash, is identical as in the first aspect of the invention. In the pivoting hinges, centres of mass of elements of these hinges connected with the sash, are situated above the external surface of the glazing unit, when the window is closed. Also the other elements of the pivoting hinges, including those which in a single-action, pivot window, are connected with the window frame, have preferably centres of mass situated above the external surface of the glazing unit. In a dual-action window, both elements of the pivoting hinges connected with the sash, and the other parts of these hinges, as well as the tilting hinges and the intermediate arms have centres of mass situated above the external surface of the glazing unit.

[0016] The window frame, connected with the roof by at least one structural element, protruding beyond the outline of the window frame members and the clearance of the roof opening for the window, rests on the surface of the roof, that is either on the external surface of prefabricated layered roofing panel, or on the detailing of the window, placed on the collar protruding from the main roof plane. Preferably, the window frame rests on the roof with its support flashing, resting on the external surface of the window frame members, and protruding beyond these members at least sideways. The pivoting hinges are situated above the surface of the roof and the support flashing, as a whole on the external side of the window.

[0017] Embodiments. A system for window installation in the roof, being the subject of the invention, is presented by its embodiments in the drawing, with the individual Figures showing:

Fig. 1 - A cross-sectional view through a side window member with fragments of its sash and the structure of the roof covered with roofing tiles.

Fig. 2 - The window frame from Fig. 1, equipped with pivoting hinges, installed in the roof structure - in an axonometric view.

Fig. 3 - A cross-sectional view through a side window member with fragments of its sash and the structure of the roof with flat roofing, that is covered with roofing paper.

Fig. 4 - A cross-sectional view through a side window member with fragments of its sash and the structure of the roof, in a window installed in a layered panel.

Fig. 5 - A cross-sectional view through a side window member with fragments of its sash and the structure of the roof, in a window installed in a collar.

Fig. 6 - Distribution of isotherms on a cross-section of the window from state of art.

Fig. 7 - Distribution of isotherms on a cross-section of the window according to the invention, installed within the roof structure.

A system for window installation in the roof is also presented in the following embodiments, not shown in the drawing, but described by indication of common features and differences in comparison with the drawn examples.

[0018] Example 1. A roof window has a window sash 1 with a glazing unit 11, seated in a window frame 2 using pivoting hinges 3 situated at side members 21 of the window frame and at side edges of the sash, slightly above the middle of length of the members and height of the sash. The window frame 2 has a support flashing 22 being a structural element connecting it with the roof. The support flashing 22 is placed on the side members 21 and on the top member of the window frame, on the external side of the window, and it protrudes beyond the outline of the indicated members, and beyond the clearance of the roof opening for the window. The protruding part of the support flashing 22 rests on the roof structure 4 at least on the sides of the window frame 2, specifically on the surface defined in this description as a "sub-cover surface" PP, being the external surface of battens 41, laid horizontally in the roof structure, the battens having roofing tiles 42 mounted.

[0019] The window is being opened as a pivot window, that is by rotation of the sash 1 in the pivoting hinges 3, around an axis located approximately in the middle of the window height. Both in a closed window, and in a window opened in the pivoting mode, the window sash 1 is situated within the clearance of the window frame 2, while in an open window, the lower part of the sash, situated between the pivoting hinges and the bottom window frame members when the window is closed, is located outside the roof, and the upper part of the sash situated between the pivoting hinges and the bottom window frame members when the window is closed, is located in the attic. In a closed window, the window sash 1 with its glazing unit 11 is situated in parallel to the window frame 2, and the glazing unit 11 is immersed in the roof structure, so as to at least 90 % of thickness G of the glazing unit 11 of the sash 1 is situated deeper than the sub-cover surface PP on the battens 41, and thus at least a half of thickness G of the glazing unit is situated in the roof deeper than the sub-cover surface. Also the side members 21 and top and bottom members of the window frame 2 are situated in the layered structure of the roof deeper than the sub-cover surface PP. The pivoting hinges 3 are placed so as to centres of mass of movable elements 31 of these hinges, connected with the sash 1, are situated above the glazing unit 11 when the window is closed. Stationary elements 32 of the pivoting hinges 3, connected with the support flashing 22 of the window frame 2, are placed above the support flashing.

[0020] The battens 41 rest on counter battens 43, laid longitudinally on the rafters 44, being the basic supporting elements of the roof structure. Spaces between the rafters 44, as well as below the rafters, are filled with thermal insulation 45 made of mineral wool, a above the insulation, directly on the rafters 44, a breathing membrane 46 is placed. Layout of the battens 41 on the counter battens 43 provides a clearance between the battens 41 and the breathing membrane 46, facilitating drying of the top surface of the membrane. Below thermal insulation 45, there are a vapour barrier and cover panels 47, fixed to the roof structure from the side of the attic. The side walls of the window opening in the roof structure, are shielded with a lining 48. The battens 41 reach the window frame 2 for a distance not longer than the installation play necessary for introduction of the window into the structure of the roof. The gap between the structure of the roof, including ends of the battens 41, and the window frame 2 is filled with additional thermal insulation 23 around the window frame 2, the insulation being seated in the roof at the same time when the window frame is being installed.

[0021] The window installed in the roof has also a set of shields 5, covering the gaps between the window frame 2 and the sash 1 placed in it. The shields 5 situated above the side members 21 of the window frame and fragments of the sash 1 corresponding to them, are divided into two sections: top sections situated between the pivoting hinges 3 and the top member of the window frame 2, and bottom sections situated between the pivoting hinges 3 and the bottom member of the window frame. The top sections of these shields are fixed immovably onto the window frame, and the bottom sections of the shields are fixed onto the sash, thus, during opening of the window, these sections move together with the lower part of the sash towards the exterior of the roof. The pivoting hinges 3 are placed as a whole under these shields. Equipment of the window includes also its detailing 51, with a shape adapted to tiled roofing, the purpose of the detailing being to seal the connection of the window with the roof. The shields 5 of the window overlap the window-neighbouring part 52 of the detailing 51, situated perpendicularly to the roof.

[0022] Example 2. A roof window (drawing, Fig. 3) has a window sash 1 with a glazing unit 11, seated in a window frame 2 using pivoting hinges 3 situated at side members 21 of the window frame and at side edges of the sash, slightly above the middle of length of the members and height of the sash. The window frame 2 has a support flashing 22, being its structural element connecting the window frame with the roof, which is placed on the side members 21 and on the top member of the window frame, on the external side of the window, and protrudes beyond the outline of the members and beyond the clearance of the roof opening for a window. The indicated features are identical as in the first embodiment of the invention. The protruding part of the support flashing 22 rests on the roof structure 6, specifically on the surface defined in this description as a "sub-cover surface" PP, or on external surface of a boarding 61 having a uniform surface, on which a roofing made of roofing paper 62 is laid.

[0023] The window is being opened as a pivot window, identically as in the first embodiment of the invention. Position of the sash 1 and its glazing unit 11, in relation to the window frame 2 and to the roof, when the window is open and when it is closed, as well as position of the window frame 2 in relation to the roof, are also identical as in the first embodiment. In a closed window, the glazing unit 11 of the sash 1 is immersed in the roof structure, so as to at least 90 % of thickness G of the glazing unit is situated deeper than the external surface of the boarding 61 i.e. the sub-cover surface PP, thus, at least a half of thickness G of the glazing unit is situated in the roof deeper than the sub-cover surface. Also the side members 21 and the top and bottom members of the window frame 2, are situated in the layered structure of the roof deeper than the sub-cover surface PP, in the boarding 61 under the roofing paper 62. The pivoting hinges 3 of the window are placed so as to centres of mass of both movable elements 31 of these hinges, connected with the sash 1, and of stationary elements 32 connected with the support flashing 22 of the window frame 2, are situated above the glazing unit 11 when the window is closed, and above the support flashing of the window frame, as in the first embodiment.

[0024] The construction and the layered structure of the roof include: rafters 44, thermal insulation 45 made of mineral wool, a breathing membrane 46, a vapour barrier, and cover panels 47 (from the side of the attic), and a lining 48 in the window opening in the roof - identical and serving the same purposes as in the first embodiment of the invention. Between the boarding 61 and the rafters 44, counter battens 43 are placed, facilitating drying of the top surface of the breathing membrane. The boarding 61 reaches the window frame 2 for a distance not longer than the installation play necessary for introduction of the window into the structure of the roof. The gap between the structure of the roof and the window frame 2, at least at its side members and top member, is filled with additional thermal insulation 23 around the window frame 2, the insulation being mounted in the roof at the same time when the window frame is being installed.

[0025] The window installed in the roof has also a set of shields 5, covering the gap between the window frame 2 and the sash 1 placed in it. Under these shields, the pivoting hinges 3 are placed. The shields situated above the side members are divided into two sections: top and bottom, as in the first or second embodiment. Equipment of the window includes also its detailing 53, with a shape adapted to flat roofing, the detailing sealing the connections of the window with the roof. The shields 5 of the window overlap the window-neighbouring section 52 of the detailing 53, situated perpendicularly to the roof

[0026] Example 3. A window according to the third embodiment of the invention is installed in a roof with an identical supporting structure, as in the first embodiment, that is in a roof having rafters and horizontal battens. The difference in relation to the first embodiment consists in the fact that instead of roofing tiles, a profiled sheet roofing, for instance of box profile sheet, or a roofing made of sheets with embossings imitating roofing tiles, is seated on the battens.

[0027] Example 4. A window according to the fourth embodiment of the invention is installed in a roof with an identical supporting structure, as in the second embodiment, that is in a roof having rafters and a boarding, forming a uniform surface. On this boarding, a roofing made of flat sheets is seated.

[0028] Example 5. A roof window, being opened as a pivot window, has a window sash 1 with a glazing unit 11, the sash being seated in a window frame 2 using pivoting hinges 3 situated at side members 21 of the window frame and at side edges of the sash, slightly above the middle of length of the members and height of the sash. The window frame 2 has a support flashing 22, being its structural element connecting the window frame with the roof, which is placed on the side members 21 and on the top member of the window frame, on the external side of the window, and protrudes beyond the outline of the members and beyond the clearance of the roof opening for a window. The indicated features are identical as in the embodiments of the invention described earlier.

[0029] The roof in which the window is seated, is built of prefabricated layered roofing panels 7, consisting of a metal mantle 71 and filling 72 made of insulating material. The prefabricated roofing panels 7 are supported with the rafters 73. The top layer of the metal mantle 71 situated outside the roof, has protrusions 74 and hollows 75. The sub-cover surface PP as understood in this description of the invention, is the bottom surface of the top layer of the metal mantle 71, that is the surface, to which the filling 72 made of insulating material is adjacent, in the section of hollows 75 in the top layer of the metal mantle 71. For mounting the window in the prefabricated layered roofing panel 7, a hole is cut in the panel, having edges protected by inserted walls 76. The window is immersed in the opening in the roof so as to at least 90 % of thickness G of the glazing unit 11 of the sash 1 is situated deeper than the sub-cover surface PP in the layered roofing panel 7, and thus at least a half of thickness G of the glazing unit is situated in the roof deeper than the sub-cover surface. Also the side members 21 and the top and bottom members of the window frame 2 are situated in the layered roofing panel 7 deeper than the sub-cover surface PP. The gap between the edges of the hole in the layered roofing panel 7 and the window frame 2, at least at its side members and the top and bottom members, is filled with additional thermal insulation 23 around the window frame 2, the insulation being mounted in the roof at the same time when the window frame is being installed.

[0030] The part of the support flashing 22 of the window frame 2 protruding in parallel to the surface of the roof, rests on the roof structure, specifically on the top layer of the metal mantle 71. The pivoting hinges 3 of the window are placed so as to centres of mass of both movable elements 31 of these hinges, connected with the sash 1, and of stationary elements 32 connected with the support flashing 22 of the window frame 2, are situated above the glazing unit 11 when the window is closed, and above the support flashing of the window frame, as in the first and second embodiments of the invention. The window installed in the roof has also a set of shields 5, covering the gaps between the window frame 2 and the sash 1 placed in it. Under these shields, the pivoting hinges 3 are placed. The shields situated above the side members are divided into two sections: top and bottom, as in the first or second embodiment. Equipment of the window includes also its detailing 51, sealing the connections of the window with the roof. The shields 5 of the window overlap the window-neighbouring section 52 of the detailing 51, situated perpendicularly to the roof

[0031] Example 6. A roof window, being opened as a pivot window, has a window sash 1 with a glazing unit 11, the sash being seated in a window frame 2 using pivoting hinges 3 situated at side members 21 of the window frame and at side edges of the sash, slightly above the middle of length of the members and height of the sash. The window frame 2 has a support flashing 22, being its structural element connecting the window frame with the roof, which is placed on the side members 21 and on the top member of the window frame, on the external side of the window, and protrudes beyond the outline of the members and beyond the clearance of the roof opening for a window. The indicated features are identical as in the embodiments of the invention described earlier.

[0032] The window is seated in a collar 8 protruding above the main surface of the roof, and the collar has a box structure 81 and a filling 82 made of insulating material. The part of the support flashing 22 of the window frame 2 protruding in parallel to the surface of the roof, rests on the box structure 81 of the collar 8. The pivoting hinges 3 of the window are placed so as to centres of mass of both movable elements 31 of these hinges, connected with the sash 1, and of stationary elements 3 connected with the support flashing 22 of the window frame 2, are situated above the glazing unit 11 when the window is closed, and above the support flashing of the window frame, as in the first and second embodiments of the invention. The collar 8 and the window installed in it, are also equipped with an integrated detailing 83, covering the fragment of the roof in direct neighbourhood of the collar, and side and top surfaces of the collar. The sub-cover surface PP as understood in this description of the invention, is the bottom surface of the integrated detailing 83 in its section resting on the top surface of the collar 8. The window is immersed in the collar so as to at least 90 % of thickness G of the glazing unit 11 of the sash 1 is situated deeper than the sub-cover surface PP in the collar 8, and thus at least a half of thickness G of the glazing unit is situated in the roof deeper than the sub-cover surface. Also the side members 21, the top member and the bottom member of the window frame 2, are situated in the collar 8 deeper than the sub-cover surface PP. The gap between the edges of the hole in the collar 8 and the window frame 2, at least at its side members and top member, is filled with additional thermal insulation 23 around the window frame 2, the insulation being mounted in the collar 8 at the same time when the window frame is being installed.

[0033] The window installed in the collar has also a set of shields 5, covering the gaps between the window frame 2 and the sash 1 placed in it. Under these shields, the pivoting hinges 3 are placed. The shields situated above the side members are divided into two sections: top and bottom, as in the first or second embodiment. The shields 5 of the window overlap the window-neighbouring sections 84 of the integrated detailing 83, situated perpendicularly to the top surface of the collar.

[0034] Examples of dual-action windows. A system for window installation in the roof may also relate to windows being opened in the pivoting mode or in the tilting mode, that is by rotation of the sash around an axis located near the top edge of the window. Dual-action windows have an additional pair of hinges, fixed to the window frame in its upper part and connected with the pivoting hinges through intermediate arms. The window frame of a dual-action window and its sash, are immersed in the layered structure of the roof when the window is closed, identically as in the described embodiments from 1 to 6. During opening of the window in the pivoting mode, the intermediate arms rest immovably on the window frame members, and the window sash rotates in the pivoting hinges. During opening of the window in the tilting mode, the intermediate arms move towards the exterior of the roof together with the sash, rotating in the tilting hinges.

[0035] Advantages of the invention. A system for window installation in the roof according to the invention ensures an improved thermal performance of the window, resulting from the immersion of its window frame and its sash in the layered structure of the roof and thermal insulation of the roof. Moreover, placement of the hinges on the external side of the window, above the glazing unit and the window frame, eliminates thermal bridges present in the hitherto used solutions of the hinges.

[0036] Value of the linear heat transfer coefficient depends on value of heat flow between points A and B for window crossection on Fig., 6 and between points C and D for window crossection from Fig. 7.

[0037] Crossection's points A, B and C and D are characteristic.

[0038] An improved thermal performance is illustrated by diagrams of isotherms in Figs. 6 and 7 of the drawing, where Fig. 6 shows distribution of isotherms on a cross-section of the window from state of art, and Fig. 7 - distribution of isotherms on a cross-section of the window according to the invention. The thermal comparison of the windows was done for the same roof structure and identical glazing unit in the window sash, so the diagrams illustrate the flow of heat through the crossection of window frame: The differences of temperatures for section between A and B points on Fig. 6 and for section between C and D points on Fig. 7 are: DT(B,A) = 15 °C, and in the window according to the invention DT_(D,C) = 19 °C. A higher temperature difference for section between points located on both sides of the window frame proves the fact that the flow of heat from the attic towards the outside is slower. Also the lower density of isotherms in the window according to the invention indicates a lower temperature gradient, and thus a lower heat flow intensity and lower thermal losses. Distribution of isotherms indicates also an elimination of heat flow concentration areas, occurring in the window known from state of art.

[0039] Thermal calculations for the windows being compared, carried out according to EN 10077-1 and EN 10077-2 standards, proved that for a cross-section of the window frame of the window known from state of art (Fig. 6), value of heat flux density for section between point B to point A amounts to q (b,a) = 15.41 W/m², while for the solution of the window according to the invention (Fig. 7), value of heat flux density for section between point D to point C, amounts to q (d,c) = 9.62 W/m², or is by 37.5% lower than in the solutions of the window from state of art.

Claims

1. System for window installation in a roof, the system comprising a roof having a layered structure comprising, among others, structural elements (41, 61) of the roof, external roofing and a layer of thermal insulation (45), where said roofing is seated on a sub-cover surface (PP) formed by the top surface of said structural elements (41, 61) of the roof, said roof comprising also rafters (44), a breathing membrane (46) and a vapour barrier, as well as comprising cover panels (47) from the side of the attic; the system further comprising a roof window having a window frame (2), a window sash (1), and a glazing unit (11) seated in the sash (1) being opened by its rotation in the window frame (2) around a horizontal axis, particularly being opened at least as a pivot window, by rotation in pivoting hinges (3) situated at both side edges of the sash (1), preferably above the middle of the height of the sash (1), while the window sash both in a closed window, and in a window being opened as a pivot window, is situated within the clearance of the window frame (2), wherein the glazing unit (11) of the window is immersed in the roof structure when the window is closed, so as to at least a half of thickness (G) of the glazing unit (11) is situated in the roof structure deeper than said sub-cover surface (PP), where the structural elements of the roof (41, 61) on which the roofing and thermal insulations (45) are seated in the roof structure, reach the window frame (2) for a distance not longer than a required installation play, wherein the window frame (2) rests on the sub-cover surface (PP) of the roof with at least one structural element connecting it with the roof, protruding beyond the outline of the window frame members (21) and beyond the clearance of the roof opening for the window, characterized in that the pivoting hinges (3) are situated above this sub-cover surface, on the external side of the window.

2. System for window installation according to claim 1, characterised in that in pivoting hinges (3), centres of mass of elements (31) of these hinges connected with the sash, are situated above the external surface of the glazing unit (11) when the window is closed.

3. System for window installation according to claim 1, characterised in that the window frame (2) rests on the sub-cover surface (PP) of the roof with its support flashing (22) protruding at least sideways beyond the outline of the window frame members (21) and beyond the clearance of the roof opening for the window.

4. System for window installation according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, characterised in that at least 90 % of thickness (G) of the glazing unit (11) is situated in the roof structure deeper than the external surface of battens (41), on which roofing tiles are mounted (42), the surface being the sub-cover surface (PP).

5. System for window installation according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, characterised in that at least 90 % of thickness of the glazing unit is situated in the roof structure deeper than the external surface of battens, on which profiled roofing sheets are mounted, the surface being the sub-cover surface.

6. System for window installation according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, characterised in that at least 90 % of thickness (G) of the glazing unit (11) is situated in the roof structure deeper than the external surface of battens (61), on which flat roofing is mounted (62), the surface being the sub-cover surface (PP).

7. System for window installation in a roof, the system comprising a roof having a layered structure, comprising, among others, a layer of thermal insulation (72), which at least in direct neighbourhood of the window is situated close to the external surface of the roof and is separated from the environment with a mantle (71) in the form of a metallic layer of covering protecting it from the influence of precipitations; where the bottom surface of the top layer of said mantle (71), to which the thermal insulation (72) is adjacent is called "sub-cover surface" (PP), and the system further comprising a roof window having a window frame (1), a window sash (3) and a glazing unit particularly seated in the sash being opened through its rotation in the window frame around a horizontal axis, particularly being opened at least as a pivot window, by rotation in pivoting hinges situated at both side edges of the sash, preferably above the middle of height of the sash, while the window sash both in a closed window and in a window opened as a pivot window, is situated within the clearance of the window frame, and pivoting hinges are placed under the shields of the side gaps, wherein the glazing unit (11) of the window, when the window is closed, is immersed in the roof structure, so as to at least a half of thickness (G) of the glazing unit is situated in the roof structure deeper than the sub-cover surface (PP). characterised in that the window frame rests on the surface of the roof with at least one structural element connecting it with the roof, protruding beyond the outline of the members (21) of the window frame and beyond the clearance of the roof opening for a window, and the pivoting hinges (3) are situated above this surface, as a whole on the external side of the window.

8. System for window installation according to claim 7, characterised in that the window is seated in a prefabricated layered panel (7) consisting of a metal mantle (71) and filling (72) made of insulating material.

9. System for window installation according to claim 7, characterised in that the window is seated in a collar (8) protruding above the main surface of the roof, the collar being filled with insulating material (82) and shielded by a detailing (83) of the window, which reaches the window frame (2).

10. System for window installation according to claim 8, or 9, characterised in that in the pivoting hinges (3), centres of mass of elements (31) of these hinges which are connected with the sash, are situated above the external surface of the glazing unit (11), when the window is closed.

11. System for window installation according to claim 7, characterised in that the structural element is a support flashing (22) protruding at least sideways.

Ansprüche

1. Einbausystem des Fensters im Dach, das [Dach] eine Schichtstruktur hat sowie unter anderen Bauteile (41, 61) des Daches, eine äußere Dachdeckung und eine wärmeisolierende Schicht (45) enthält, wobei die Deckung an der Unterdeckfläche (PP) angebracht ist, die aus der oberen Fläche der Bauteile (41, 61) des Daches gefertigt ist, und das Dach enthält insbesondere ebenfalls Sparren (44), eine Unterspannbahn (46) und eine Dampfsparre wie auch vorzugsweise Abdeckungsplatten (47) von der Seite des Dachgeschosses; in diesem System hat das Dachfenster eine Zarge (2), einen Flügel (1) sowie ein Scheibenpaket (11), das insbesondere im Flügel angeordnet ist, der durch seine Drehung um die horizontale Achse in der Zarge (2) geöffnet wird, insbesondere geöffnet mindestens als kippbar durch die Drehung in den Scharnieren (3), die bei den beiden Seitenkanten des Flügels (1) angeordnet sind, vorzugsweise über der Hälfte der Höhe dieses Flügels (1), wobei der Flügel sowohl im geschlossenen als auch im geöffneten Fenster als kippbar im lichten Maße der Zarge angeordnet ist, und das Scheibenpaket (11) des Fensters in seinem geschlossenen Zustand in der Dachstruktur so vertieft ist, dass mindestens die Hälfte der Dicke (G) des Scheibenpakets (11) in der Dachstruktur tiefer als die Unterdeckfläche (PP) angeordnet ist, und die Bauteile (41, 61) des Daches, an denen die Dachdeckung und die wärmeisolierende Schicht (45) in der Dachstruktur angebracht sind, erreichen die Zarge (2) des Fensters in Entfernung, die nicht größer als die erforderlichen Einbauspiele ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zarge (2), mindestens mit ihrem einen Bauteil, das sie mit dem Dach verbindet sowie über den Umriss der Rahmenhölzer (21) der Zarge und über das lichte Maße der Öffnung im Dach für dieses Fenster hinausragt, auf die Unterdachfläche (PP) des Daches gestützt ist, sowie dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kippscharniere (3) über dieser Fläche, auf der Außenseite des Fensters, angeordnet sind.

2. Das Einbausystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den Kippscharnieren (3) die Massenschwerpunkte der mit dem Flügel verbundenen Elemente (31) dieser Scharniere über der äußeren Fläche des Scheibenpakets (11) im Zustand des geschlossenen Fensters angeordnet sind.

3. Das Einbausystem des Fensters nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zarge (2) auf die Unterdachfläche (PP) des Daches mit seinem Widerstandsflansch (22) gestützt ist, der mindestens seitlich über den Umriss der Rahmenhölzer (21) der Zarge und über das lichte Maße der Öffnung im Dach für dieses Fenster hinausragt.

4. Das Einbausystem nach Anspruch 1, oder 2, oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens 90% der Dicke (G) des Scheibenpakets (11) in der Dachstruktur tiefer als die die Unterdachfläche (PP) bildende, äußere Fläche der Latten (41) angeordnet sind, an denen die Dachziegel (42) angebracht sind.

5. Das Einbausystem nach Anspruch 1, oder 2, oder 3, oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens 90% der Dicke des Scheibenpakets in der Dachstruktur tiefer als die die Unterdachfläche bildende, äußere Fläche der Latten angeordnet sind, an denen das Dachprofilblech angebracht ist.

6. Das Einbausystem nach Anspruch 1, oder 2, oder 3, oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens 90% der Dicke (G) des Scheibenpakets (11) in der Dachstruktur tiefer als die die Unterdachfläche (PP) bildende, äußere Fläche der Schalung (61) angeordnet sind, an der die flache Dachdeckung (62) angebracht ist.

7. Das Einbausystem des Fensters im Dach, das eine Schichtstruktur hat sowie unter anderen eine wärmeisolierende Schicht (72) enthält, die mindestens in der direkten Nachbarschaft des Fensters nahe der äußeren Fläche des Daches angeordnet ist und durch eine Deckungsschicht (71) in Form einer Metallschicht, die vor den Niederschlägen schützt, von der Umgebung getrennt ist, wobei die obere Fläche des Daches, an der die untere Fläche der Deckung (71) angebracht ist, als die Unterdeckfläche (PP) des Daches genannt ist; in diesem System hat das Dachfenster eine Zarge (2), einen Flügel (1) sowie ein Scheibenpaket, das insbesondere im Flügel angeordnet ist, der durch seine Drehung um die horizontale Achse in der Zarge geöffnet wird, insbesondere geöffnet mindestens als kippbar durch die Drehung in den Scharnieren, die bei den beiden Seitenkanten des Flügels angeordnet sind, vorzugsweise über der Hälfte der Höhe dieses Flügels, wobei der Flügel sowohl im geschlossenen als auch im geöffneten Fenster als kippbar im lichten Maße der Zarge angeordnet ist, und die Kippscharniere unter den Abdeckungen der Seitenschlitzen angeordnet sind, wobei das Scheibenpaket (11) des Fensters in seinem geschlossenen Zustand in der Dachstruktur so vertieft ist, dass mindestens die Hälfte der Dicke (G) des Scheibenpakets in der Dachstruktur tiefer als die Unterdeckfläche (PP) angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zarge mindestens mit ihrem einen Bauteil, das sie mit dem Dach verbindet sowie über den Umriss der Rahmenhölzer (21) der Zarge und über das lichte Maße der Öffnung im Dach für dieses Fenster hinausragt, auf die Unterdachfläche (PP) des Daches gestützt ist, sowie die Kippscharniere (3) über dieser Fläche, im Ganzen auf der Außenseite des Fensters, angeordnet sind.

8. Das Einbausystem nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fenster in der vorgefertigten Schichtplatte (7) angeordnet ist, die aus einem Metallflansch (71) und einer Füllung (72) mit einem wärmeisolierenden Material besteht.

9. Das Einbausystem nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fenster im Aufsatz (8) angebracht ist, der über die Hauptfläche des Daches hinausragt und mit einem wärmeisolierenden Material (82) gefüllt ist sowie von einer Blechbearbeitung (83) des Fensters, die die Zarge (2) erreicht, bedeckt ist.

10. Das Einbausystem nach Anspruch 8, oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den Kippscharnieren (3) die Massenschwerpunkte der mit dem Flügel verbundenen Elemente (31) dieser Scharniere über der äußeren Fläche des Scheibenpakets (11) im Zustand des geschlossenen Fensters angeordnet sind.

11. Das Einbausystem des Fensters nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Widerstandsflansch (22) ein Bauelement ist, das mindestens seitlich hinausragt.

Revendications

1. Le système de construction de la fenêtre dans un toit, ayant une structure en couches, possédant entre autres des éléments structuraux (41, 61) du toit, le revêtement extérieur du toit et une couche d'isolation thermique (45), où le revêtement est installé sur la surface sous le revêtement (PP), créée à partir de la surface supérieure des éléments structuraux (41, 61) du toit et le tout comprend en particulier également des chevrons (44), une membrane perméable à la vapeur (46) et un pare-vapeur, et comprenant de préférence les panneaux de protection (47) du côté du sous-toiture ; dans ce système la fenêtre de toit comprend le dormant (2), l'ouvrant (1) et l'ensemble de vitres (11), et qui est en particulier installé dans l'ouvrant mobile par sa rotation dans le dormant (2) autour d'un axe horizontal, ouvert en particulier et au moins en tant que [ouvrant] basculant par la rotation dans des charnières (3) localisées bilatéralement près des deux bords de l'ouvrant (1), de préférence au-dessus de la moitié de la hauteur de cet ouvrant (1) mais l'ouvrant de la fenêtre fermée ou de la fenêtre ouverte en tant que la fenêtre basculant est localisé dans l'ouvrant et l'ensemble de vitres (11) de la fenêtre à l'état fermé est encastré dans la structure du toit de telle sorte qu'au moins la moitié de l'épaisseur (G) de l'ensemble de vitres (11) est située plus profondément dans la structure du toit que la surface sous le revêtement (PP), et les éléments structuraux du toit (41, 61) sur lesquels sont encastrés le revêtement de toit et les isolations thermiques (45) dans la structure du toit s'approchent au dormant (2) de la fenêtre à la distance inférieure à des jeux de montage nécessaires, caractérisé en ce que le dormant avec au moins un de ses éléments structuraux qui le lie avec le toit et qui dépasse le contour des alèses du dormant (21) et le contour de l'ouverture du toit de cette fenêtre, est basé sur la surface sous le revêtement (PP) du toit, et caractérisé en ce que les charnières basculantes (3) sont situées au-dessus de cette surface à l'extérieur de la fenêtre.

2. Le système de construction selon la revend. 1, caractérisé en ce que dans les charnières basculantes (3), les centres de masse des éléments liés avec l'ouvrant (31) de ces charnières se trouvent au-dessus de la surface extérieure de l'ensemble de vitres (11), dans l'état de la fenêtre fermée.

3. Le système de construction de la fenêtre selon la revend. 1, caractérisé en ce que le dormant (2) est basé sur la surface sous le revêtement (PP) du toit par son bride d'assise (22) dépassant au moins les contours des alèses (21) du dormant et dépassant le contour de l'ouverture du toit de cette fenêtre.

4. Le système de construction selon la revend. 1, ou 2, ou 3 caractérisé en ce qu'au moins 90% de l'épaisseur (G) de l'ensemble de vitres (11) sont situés dans la structure du toit plus profondément que la surface extérieure des lattes (41), sur lesquelles les tuiles sont posées (42), constituant la surface sous le revêtement (PP).

5. Le système de construction selon la revend.1, ou 2, ou 3, ou 4, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins 90% de l'épaisseur de l'ensemble de vitres sont situés dans la structure du toit plus profondément que la surface extérieure des lattes, constituant la surface sous le revêtement, sur lesquelles la tôle de toiture profilée est posée.

6. Le système de construction selon la revend. 1, ou 2, ou 3, ou 4, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins 90% de l'épaisseur (G) de l'ensemble de vitres (11) sont situés dans la structure du toit plus profondément que la surface extérieure du coffrage (61), sur lequel le revêtement de toit est posé (62), constituant la surface sous le revêtement (PP).

7. Le système de construction de la fenêtre dans un toit, ayant une structure en couches, possédant entre autres une couche d'isolation thermique (72), qui au moins dans la proximité directe de la fenêtre est située à proximité de la surface extérieure du toit et séparée de l'environnement par une couche de revêtement (71) sous forme d'une couche métallique protégeant contre les précipitations, en prenant en compte que la surface supérieure du toit sur laquelle est installée la surface inférieure du revêtement (71) est appelée comme surface sous le revêtement du toit (PP), et dans ce système la fenêtre de toit possède un dormant (2), le dormant (1), et l'ensemble de vitres, encastré en particulier dans l'ouvrant mobile par sa rotation dans le dormant autour d'un axe horizontal, ouvert en particulier et au moins en tant que [ouvrant] basculant par la rotation dans des charnières situées bilatéralement près des deux bords de l'ouvrant de préférence au-dessus de la moitié de la hauteur de cet ouvrant mais l'ouvrant de la fenêtre fermée ou de la fenêtre ouverte en tant que fenêtre basculant est localisé dans le contour du dormant et les charnières basculantes sont situées sous les protecteurs des joints latéraux, en tenant en compte que l'ensemble de vitre (11) de la fenêtre, à l'état fermée, est encastré dans la structure du toit de telle sorte qu'au moins la moitié de l'épaisseur (G) de l'ensemble de vitres est située dans la structure du toit plus profondément que la surface sous le revêtement (PP) caractérisé en ce que, le dormant avec au moins un de ses éléments structuraux qui le lie avec le toit et qui dépasse le contour des alèses (21) du dormant et le contour de l'ouverture du toit de cette fenêtre et les charnières basculantes (3) sont localisées au-dessus de cette surface, entièrement à l'extérieur de la fenêtre.

8. Le système de construction selon la revend. 7, caractérisé en ce que, la fenêtre est encastrée dans un panneau à couches préfabriquée (7) qui se compose d'une enveloppe métallique (71) et du remplissage (72) par un matériau d'isolation thermique.

9. Le système de construction selon la revend. 7, caractérisé en ce que, la fenêtre est encastrée dans un élément supplémentaire (8), dépassant la surface principale du toit, et cet élément supplémentaire est rempli par un matériau d'isolation thermique (82) et couverte par le traitement de tôle (83) de la fenêtre qui s'étend jusqu'au dormant (2).

10. Le système de construction selon la revend. 8, ou 9, caractérisé en ce que dans les charnières basculantes (3), les centres de masse des éléments liés avec l'ouvrant (31) de ces charnières se trouvent au-dessus de la surface extérieure de l'ensemble de vitres (11), dans l'état de la fenêtre fermée.

11. Le système de construction de la fenêtre selon la revend. 11, caractérisé en ce que, le bride d'assise (22) constitue un élément de construction qui dépasse au moins latéralement.

Drawing