CONSTRUCTION PLATES

Abstract

 A set of construction plates (11) installed on the surface (13) of the free internal section of a tunnel (12). The construction plate (11) displays the shape of an undulated plate. The construction plate (11) with undulations is transversally and longitudinally overlappable with other adjacent construction plates (11) in order to fully or partially cover in a transversal and longitudinal manner the internal surface (13) of the tunnel (12), waterproofing said internal surface (13) of the tunnel (12).

Description

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention refers to a construction plate with undulations for covering surfaces.

STATE OF THE ART

[0002] Different types of covering materials are known in the state of the art to be attached to surfaces of different types of constructions in order prevent water from coming into contact with the surfaces to which they are fixed.

[0003] However, said covering materials are inadequate for preventing water coming from filtrations through said surfaces from running off.

SUMMARY

[0004] The present invention seeks to solve one or more of the drawbacks explained above by means of a construction plate with undulations for covering surfaces, as is claimed in the claims.

[0005] The goal of one embodiment is to provide a construction plate with water proof and fireproof undulations for covering construction surfaces that comprise an alternation of flat zones and undulations, where on a first side edge parallel to the undulations of the construction plate terminates on a flat zone and a second side edge parallel to the undulations of the construction plate terminates on an inclined flat zone with a geometry type of drop cutoffs adjacent to an anterior flat zone of the same construction plate.

[0006] Another aspect of the embodiment is to provide an undulation that comprises a hollow zone in the concave portion of the undulation, configured for supplying a drainage channel between a surface of the construction to which the construction plate is fixed and a surface of the construction plate that includes a concave portion of the undulation for channelising a flow of water coming from a filtration through the surface of the construction that is covered.

[0007] Still another aspect of the embodiment is to provide a longitudinal overlap between the flat zone of the first side edge of an anterior construction plate, and the second side edge of a posterior construction plate, being the inclined flat zone of the second side edge received by a hollow zone of the concave portion of an anterior undulation to the first side edge of the anterior construction plate in order to give continuity of the waterproofing provided by the undulated construction plates, avoiding the use of sealant materials in order to guarantee the waterproofing of the construction plates that cover the interior of the tunnel.

[0008] Still another aspect of the embodiment is to provide a variable asymmetric relation between the amplitude of the undulations and its passage.

[0009] Still another aspect of the embodiment is to provide undulations whose top portion of the convex zone of the same undulations is flat.

[0010] Still another aspect of the embodiment is to provide a depth to the hollow zone of the concave portion of the undulation in order to increase the resistance of the construction plate with camber undulations and also permit perfect drainage.

[0011] Still another aspect of the embodiment is to provide flat passage zones that ensure an extended surface contact with the surface to be covered, so that these flat zones are used by mechanical fixing element for anchoring the construction plates with undulations to the surface of the internal free section of a railway tunnel for high speed trains, such that the water filtrations inside the tunnel are avoided by the covering of concrete segments by means of construction plates with undulations.

[0012] Still another aspect of the embodiment is to provide a system of channelling of the tunnel, including drainage channels created by the undulations of the construction plates with undulations for channelling the water up to the corresponding evacuation point of the tunnel section. In this way it is possible to redirect the water to zones where it is not damaging to the installations thereof.

[0013] Still another aspect of the embodiment is to provide construction plates with waterproof and fireproof undulations manufactured with a material comprised from reinforced polymeric resin with inorganic fibre apt for meeting the structural requests due to the passing of high speed trains through the tunnel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] A more detailed description of the invention is given in the following description that is based on the attached figures:

➢ Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a schematic of a set of construction plates with undulations attached to the surface of the free internal section of a tunnel; which does not result significantly reduced by the small thickness of the undulated plate set.

➢ Figure 2 shows a side view of different profiles of the construction plates with undulations.

➢ Figure 3 shows a side view of a lateral overlap between two construction plates with consecutive undulations. The construction plate with undulations which when installed is in contact with the surface of the internal section of the tunnel having a drop cutoff geometry.

➢ Figure 4 shows a plan view of the transversal overlap region of a construction plate with undulations and the plates adjacent to it by means of mechanical fixing elements that transverse the flat zones of the construction plates.

➢ Figure 5 shows a side view positioning the construction plates with undulations in respect of the segments of the tunnel.

➢ Figure 6 shows a side and plan view a schematic of the installation of the construction plates with undulations.

➢ Figure 7a and 7b show different perspectives of types of mechanical fixing elements.

DESCRIPTION OF A MODE OF EMBODIMENT

[0015] In relation to Figures 1, 4, 5, and 6, a set of construction plates 11 installed on the surface 13 of the free internal section of the tunnel 12. Construction plate 11 displays the shape of an undulated plate. Construction plate 11 with undulations is transversally and longitudinally overlappable with the adjacent construction plates in order to fully or partially cover in a transversal and longitudinal manner the internal surface 13 of the tunnel 12, waterproofing said internal surface 13 of the tunnel 12.

[0016] The geometry of the waterproofing construction plate 11 meets the structural requirements derived from the passage of high speed trains, L=400m, V= 300Km/h, including the need to have anchoring points available for it. Consequently, the construction plates 11 are adapted for bearing different combinations of pressures/ vacuums produced by the train traffic through the tunnel. It must be observed that given that the panels are supported over concrete sections that comprise the tunnel 12, the pressures are not as critical as are the vacuum loads, that will try to rip off the construction panels 11 from the internal surface of the tunnel 12.

[0017] In relation now with Figure 2, the profile of the construction plate 11 is a regular asymmetric undulation, that is, the undulation comprises and an alternance of flat zones 23, 211, 242 and undulations 22 , properly speaking, where the relation between the amplitude of the undulations 22 and its passage 23 is asymmetric and variable.

[0018] Consequently, the flat zones 23 that separate the undulations 22 can be of equal or different longitude.

[0019] The construction plate 11 comprises a first side edge 21 parallel to the undulations 22 of the construction plate 11, which terminates in a flat zone 211, and a second side edge 24 parallel to the undulations 22 of the construction plate 11 that terminates in an flat zone 241 inclined in relation to an anterior flat zone 242 and in a direction towards the convex portion of the undulation 22. The inclined flat zone 241 has a geometry of a drop cutoff type.

[0020] The undulation 22 of the construction plate 11 comprises a hollow zone in the concave portion 221 of the undulation 22, that provides a drainage channel 14 between the surface 13 of the free internal section of the tunnel 12, which is fixed to the construction plate 11 and the hollow zone of the concave portion 221 of the undulation 22, channelling a flow of water coming from a filtration through the construction surface 13 that is covered.

[0021] Consequently, the construction plates 11 are longitudinally and transversely overlappable in order to create a double bottom between plate 11 and surface 13 of the free internal section of the tunnel 12, through which the filtrations run up to a channelling system installed inside the tunnel 12 to evacuate said water towards the exterior of the tunnel itself. The effective height of the drainage channel 14 is a function of the flow of water to be channelled and the curvature of the tunnel 12, having an height between 16 and 30 mm.

[0022] In relation now to Figure 3, the flat zone 211 of the first side edge 21 of an anterior construction plate 11 is overlappable longitudinally with the second side edge 24 of a posterior construction plate 11, being the inclined flat zone 241 of the second side edge 24 received by a hollow zone of the concave portion 221 of an anterior undulation 22 to the first side edge 21 of the anterior construction plate 11.

[0023] The variable longitudinal overlap between the consecutive construction plates 11 enables absorbing both the internal imperfections of the tunnel 12 and the perimeter difference described between the interior and exterior of said tunnel 12, when describing a curve. It is clear that in a curved section of tunnel 12, the radius that describes the portion closest to the rotation point is less than the portion of the tunnel farther from the same rotation point. That difference in longitude is absorbed by the tolerance of the longitudinal overlap between consecutive plates 11.

[0024] The convex portion 222 of the undulations 15 could form different types of the undulation, curved, flattened, with a V shape, semi-trapezoidal, etc.

[0025] The top and bottom faces of the hollow zone of the concave portion 221 are inclined in relation to the bottom of said concave portion 221. These inclinations are symmetrical in relation to a perpendicular plane at the bottom of the concave portion 221.

[0026] It must be observed that the undulations 22 of the construction plate 11 reinforce the resistance of said plate 11 to the camber of the plate itself.

[0027] The flat zones 23, 211, 242 of the construction plate 11 offer a broad contact surface between the internal surface 13 of the tunnel 12 and the same flat zone of the construction plate 11, on which there are mechanical fixing elements 41 installed for fixing the construction plates 11 to the internal surface of the tunnel 12.

[0028] In one embodiment of the construction plate 11, the amplitude of the undulation comprises 20 and 30 mm, the width of the separation zone between undulations comprises between 15 and 25 mm, for a thickness comprising between 3 and 10 mm, an height of the plate comprising between 16 and 30 mm, and a length of the plate comprising between 6,000 and 18,000 mm.

[0029] In relation now to Figures 7a and 7b, the construction plate 11 with undulations 22, is anchored to the surface of the free internal section of the tunnel by means of mechanical fixing elements 41 comprising by screw-in expansion bolts, washers and bushings.

[0030] The construction plate 11 with undulations can be made of any waterproof and fireproof material of the composite type material made of reinforced polymeric resin with inorganic fibre, such as fibreglass, for example. Consequently , the construction plate 11 has a class M1 fire reaction.

[0031] The material of the polymer matrix is reinforced with continuous fibre, where the continuous fibre improves the resistance, tensile strength, stiffness, resistance ratio / weight, for the introduction of resistant, rigid and brittle fibre in a softer, ductile matrix.

[0032] Thus the matrix material transmits the forces to the fibres and provide toughness and ductility to the composite, while the fibres bear the main portion of the applied force or tension.

[0033] The construction plate is manufactured through a shaping pultrusion process of thermoset plastic materials for continually obtaining strengthened plastic profiles, submitting the raw materials to a drag and stop by impregnating operations, shaping , curing and cutting.

Claims

1. A construction plate with covering undulations of surfaces of a construction, characterised in that the construction plate (11) with undulations, comprises and an alternation of flat zones (21, 23, 24) and undulations (22) where a first side edge (21) parallel to the undulations (22) of the construction plate (11) terminates in a flat zone (211) and a second side edge (24) parallel to the undulations (22) of the construction plate terminates in an inclined flat zone (241) with a geometry of a drop cutoff type adjacent to an anterior flat zone (242) of said construction plate (11).

2. Plate according to claim 1, characterised in that an undulation (22) comprises a hollow zone (221) in the concave portion of the undulation (22) configured for supplying a drainage channel between a surface of the construction and the surface of the undulated construction plate that includes the concave portion of the undulation for channelling a water flow.

3. Plate according to claim 2, characterised in that the flat zone (211) of the first side edge of an anterior construction plate (11) is adapted for longitudinally overlapping the second side edge (24) of a posterior construction plate, being the inclined flat zone of the side edge received by the concave portion of the undulation anterior to the first side edge of the anterior construction plate.

4. Plate according to claim 1, characterised in that the top portion (222) of the convex portion of the undulations (22) is flattened.

5. Plate according to claim 2, characterised in that construction plate (11) with undulations (22) ins transversally and longitudinally overlappable with at least one construction plate (11) with undulations (22) to cover totally and/or partially the surface (13) of the free internal section of a tunnel (12).

6. Plate according to claim 5, characterised in that the drainage channels formed by the undulations (22) of the construction plates (11) are adapted to be received in a channelling system (14) of the tunnel.

7. Plate according to claim 5, characterised in that construction plate (11) with undulations (22) is configured for being anchored to the surface of the section (13) of the free internal section of the tunnel (12) by fixing elements (41).

8. Plate according to claim 7, characterised in that the fixing elements (41) are of the mechanical type fixing elements.

9. Plate according to claim 8, characterised in that the fixing elements (41) comprise expansion bolts, washers and bushings.

10. Plate according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the construction plate (11) with undulations (22) is manufactured with a waterproof and fireproof material.

11. Plate according to claim 10, characterised in that the construction plate (11) with undulations is manufactured with a material comprised from reinforced polymeric resin with inorganic fibre.

12. A use of a construction plate with undulations of surface covering, characterised in that the construction plate (11) with undulations (22) according to any of claims 1 to 11, is adapted to be fixed to the surface (13) of the internal free section of a tunnel (12).

13. Use of a plate according to claim 5, characterised in that the tunnel (12) is a type of railway tunnel.

14. Use of a plate according to claim 5, characterised in that the tunnel (12) is a railway tunnel used for the traffic of high speed trains.

Drawing