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(11) | EP 3 045 567 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | METHOD AND PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION AND PICKLING OF ALUMINUM BARS |
| (57) A plant and a method for producing aluminium bars provides for the use of a solution
of water and an organic acid to perform the pickling treatment, possibly together
with a hardening treatment.
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[0001] The present invention relates to a method for the production of aluminium or aluminium alloy bars and a plant for performing said method.
[0002] In the prior art, the production of such bars is by means of a system wherein a semi-finished product, such as a billet, is heated in a furnace and then extruded into a press to obtain the bar with a round or shaped cross-section, as needed.
[0003] The bar is then hardened, directly in a tank after the press or after transit through a solubilisation furnace and, after various specific processing, is sometimes aged. Lastly transit in the pickling tanks is performed to remove the surface oxides.
[0004] Usually the pickling takes place in subsequent stages: for example, a first stage of washing with soda is followed by rinsing in water, then further washing in acid and further rinsing in water.
[0005] The pickling process has numerous drawbacks. In particular, the pickling mediums (usually soda and / or potash) are dangerous to humans, harmful to health and the environment and must therefore be handled by staff using appropriate precautions and disposed of as special waste, generating significant costs.
[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for the production of aluminium or aluminium alloy bars and a relative plant able to overcome the drawbacks referred to above.
[0007] Such purpose is achieved by a method, a plant and the use thereof according to the appended claims.
[0008] The characteristics and advantages of the method, plant and use thereof according to the present invention will be evident from the description given below, by way of a non-limiting example, according to the appended drawings, wherein:
[0009] - Figure 1 is a diagram of a plant adopting a method according to the present invention, according to a first embodiment of the invention;
[0010] - Figure 2 is a diagram of a further plant adopting a method according to a further embodiment of the invention;
[0011] - Figure 3 is a diagram of yet a further plant adopting a method according to yet a further embodiment of the invention;
[0012] - Figure 4 is a diagram of a further plant adopting a method according to a further embodiment of the invention;
[0013] - Figures 5 and 6 show photographs of a portion of bar, respectively before and after a pickling treatment according to the invention.
[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention (in line pickling after hardening), with reference to Figure 1, a plant 1 comprises a heating furnace 2 fed with a semi-finished starting product 4a, for example a billet, made of aluminium or aluminium alloy.
[0015] The heating furnace is suitable to heat the semi-finished product 4a up to a predefined temperature, generally comprised between 200 - 650°C; a heated billet 4b comes out of the furnace 2.
[0016] The plant 1 further comprises a press 6, downstream of the heating furnace 2, suitable to receive the heated billet 4a in input and to perform on this a plastic deformation processing, typically an extrusion, thus obtaining a extruded bar, hot enough to be able to receive the thermal hardening treatment.
[0017] The plant 1 further comprises a main tank 8, downstream of the press 6, and movement means 10, for example a conveyor belt, suitable to move the extruded bar from the press 6 inside the main tank 8.
[0018] The main tank 8 contains a solution able to perform both the hardening of the bar and the pickling (or mere cleaning) of the same, freeing it, completely or in part, of the surface oxides.
[0019] According to one embodiment, the plant comprises a closed circuit, which the main tank is part of, for the recirculation and topping up of the solution. According to a further embodiment, the system comprises an open circuit, which the main tank is part of, for the drainage of the solution outside the plant, for example in a purifier.
[0020] The plant 1 further comprises further movement means 12, for example a conveyor belt, suitable to move the hardened and pickled bar 4c outside the main tank 8, towards the processing units 14 of the plant 1 for the performance of additional processing, such as drawing and/or cutting to size.
[0021] According to a further embodiment, the plant 1 further comprises an ageing furnace 16, downstream of the processing units 14 or directly downstream of the main tank 8, in which the bar undergoes an ageing process at temperature for a varying period of time. For example, said ageing process provides for a period in the furnace of the bar at 120° C for 24 hours or at 170° for 12 hours.
[0022] When the ageing is completed, the bars 4d are generally transferred to a warehouse for storage.
[0023] According to a further embodiment of the invention (in line pickling after solubilisation), with reference to Figure 2, a plant 100 comprises a heating furnace 102 supplied with the semi-finished starting product 4a; the heating furnace 102 is suitable to heat the semi-finished product 4a up to a predefined temperature, generally comprised between 200-650°C; a heated billet 4b comes out of the furnace 102.
[0024] The plant 100 further comprises a press 106, downstream of the heating furnace 102, suitable to receive in input the heated billet 4b and to obtain the extruded bar 4e.
[0025] The plant 100 further comprises a solubilisation furnace 105, downstream of the press 106, suitable to heat the extruded bar 4e to a predetermined temperature, for example between 350 ° - 600 ° C on the surface of the bar 4e.
[0026] Moreover, the plant 100 comprises a main tank 108, downstream of the press 106 and the solubilisation furnace 105, and movement means 110, for example a conveyor belt, suitable to move the solubilised bar 4f from the solubilisation furnace 105 inside the main tank 108.
[0027] The main tank 108 contains the solution able to perform both the hardening of the bar and the pickling of the same, freeing it, completely or in part, of the surface oxides.
[0028] According to one embodiment, the plant comprises a closed circuit, which the main tank is part of, for the recirculation and topping up of the solution. According to a further embodiment, the system comprises an open circuit, which the main tank is part of, for the drainage of the solution outside the plant, for example in a purifier.
[0029] According to a further embodiment, the plant 100 further comprises processing units 114 for the performance of additional processing, such as drawing and/or cutting to size, and/or an ageing furnace 116, downstream of the processing units 114 or directly downstream of the main tank 108, in which the bar undergoes an ageing process at temperature for a varying period of time. For example, said ageing process provides for a period in the furnace of the bar at 120° C for 24 hours or at 170° for 12 hours.
[0030] According to an aspect of the invention, in the main tank 8, 108 both the hardening and the pickling (or simple cleaning) of the bar takes place, preferably simultaneously, through the use of a suitable solution.
[0031] According to a further embodiment of the invention (off line pickling), according to figure 3, a plant 200 comprises a heating furnace 202 supplied with the semi-finished starting product 4a, which the heated billet 4b comes out of, a press 206, downstream of the heating furnace 202, suitable to receive in input the heated billet 4b and to obtain the extruded bar 4e and a hardening tank 209, downstream of the press 206.
[0032] The hardening tank 209 contains hardening solution able to carry out the hardening of the extruded bar, obtaining a hardened bar 4g.
[0033] Off-line, for example after the performance of any additional processing, and a storage period of the hardened bar 4g, said hardened 4g bar is subjected to a pickling treatment in a main tank 208 containing the solution able to perform the pickling, freeing the bar, completely or in part, of the surface oxides. Said pickling treatment is performed after heating the bar and / or heating the solution, so as to activate the chemical pickling process.
[0034] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the hardening process or hardening and pickling process take place by striking the bar with a jet of a solution.
[0035] For example, according to Figure 4, a plant 300 is provided with jet means 308, for example, structurally integrated with the press 6, together with the forming die of the bar.
[0036] The jet means 308 are suitable to strike the formed bar in the press with a jet of a suitable solution to achieve the hardening and the simultaneous pickling and / or full or partial cleaning of the surface oxides from the bar.
[0037] The appropriate solution for performing the simultaneous hardening and pickling or pickling only comprises water and a predefined amount of an organic acid. Preferably, the organic acid is selected from the group comprising citric acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid and combinations thereof.
[0038] Solutions containing 1 - 100% of organic acid have proved suitable. Preferably, solutions are used containing from 1% to 50% of organic acid, more preferably from 10% to 30% of organic acid, even more preferably from 5% to 10% of organic acid.
[0039] By way of example, Figure 5 is a photograph showing a cross-section of bar at 550°C before hardening and simultaneous pickling, while Figure 6 is a photograph which shows the same portion of bar as Figure 5 , after hardening and contemporary pickling in a solution of water and citric acid, at a concentration of between 10% and 30%.
[0040] The bar before hardening and simultaneous pickling and the relative solution contained in the main tank 8, 108 (Figures 1 and 2) or sprayed by the jet means 308 (Figure 4), constitute a plant, the thermodynamic state of which allows activation of the pickling, since it has the energy needed to activate the chemical process.
[0041] For example, immediately before the hardening and pickling treatment, the solution is "cold", i.e. kept at ambient temperature, while the bar is "hot", i.e. is at a sufficiently high temperature so that when immersed in the solution it activates the pickling action of the latter.
[0042] Similarly, the bar before pickling alone and the relative solution contained in the main tank 208 (Figure 3) constitute a plant, the thermodynamic state of which allows activation of the pickling, since it has the energy needed to activate the chemical process.
[0043] For example, immediately before the pickling treatment, the solution is "cold", i.e. kept at ambient temperature, while the bar is "hot", i.e. is brought to a sufficiently high temperature so that when immersed in the solution it activates the pickling action of the latter; or the solution is "hot", i.e. kept at a predefined temperature higher the ambient temperature, and the bar is "cold."
[0045] Innovatively, the method, the plant and use thereof according to the present invention make it possible to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.
[0046] In particular, advantageously, the solution containing the organic acid does not have an environmental impact such as to be treated as special waste and disposed of accordingly and, at least within certain limits, is not particularly dangerous to man.
[0047] For example, in the case of a solution of water and citric acid or tartaric acid, this is practically harmless both for humans and for the environment (for example, the citric acid is contained in lemon juice, while the non-toxicity of tartaric acid is mentioned in some texts such as "Food Additive Toxicology" by Joseph A. Maga, Anthony T. Tu ISBN 0-8247-9245-9).
[0048] According to a further advantageous aspect, the present invention permits a considerable energy saving, adequately exploiting the thermal energy possessed by the bar before hardening. In fact, before hardening, the bar is at a sufficiently high temperature to be effectively hardened; at the same time, this thermal energy is used to activate the pickling action of the solution when the bar is immersed in it, or struck by it.
[0049] According to yet a further advantageous aspect, the invention makes it possible to considerably reduce production times.
[0050] Moreover, advantageously, the invention makes it possible to lengthen the life of the plant, as it has no components in contact with highly corrosive agents such as soda and / or potash.
[0051] It is clear that a person skilled in the art may make modifications to the method and plant described above so as to satisfy contingent requirements.
[0052] For example, the treatment of pickling only off-line according to further embodiments of the invention, is performed after a possible solubilisation treatment and / or between any additional processing.
[0053] According to further examples, the treatment of pickling only off-line, according to further embodiments of the invention, is performed after a treatment of hardening only and / or between any additional processing.
1. Method for the production of a bar of aluminium or aluminium alloy, wherein a pickling
and/or cleaning treatment of a bar (4c) is carried out using a solution of water and
organic acid, having reached a state of activation of the pickling process.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the organic acid is selected from the group containing
citric acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid and combinations
thereof.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pickling treatment is carried out during
a hardening treatment of the bar.
4. Method according to claim 3, wherein the bar, before the immersion in a hardening
medium, undergoes a solubilisation treatment in a solubilisation furnace (105).
5. Method according to claim 3, wherein the bar is hardened directly after machining
by a press (6).
6. Method according to any of the claims from 3 to 5, comprising an ageing treatment
performed on the hardened and pickled bar.
7. Method according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the pickling treatment
is carried out by immersion in a main tank (8,108,208) containing the solution of
water and organic acid.
8. Method according to any of the claims from 1 to 6, wherein the pickling treatment
takes place using jet means (308) which strike the bar with the solution of water
and organic acid.
9. Method according to any of the previous claims, wherein the pickling treatment takes
place in a closed circuit for the recirculation of the solution.
10. Method according to any of the claims from 1 to 8, wherein the pickling treatment
takes place in an open circuit for the discharge of the solution.
11. Plant (1,100,200) for the production of bars of aluminium or aluminium alloy, comprising
a main tank (8,108,208) containing a solution of water and organic acid to perform
a pickling and / or cleaning treatment of surface oxides of a bar.
12. Plant according to claim 11, wherein the main tank (8,108,208) is part of a closed
circuit for the recirculation of the solution.
13. Plant according to claim 11, wherein the main tank (8,108,208) is part of an open
circuit for the discharge of the solution.
14. Plant for the production of bars of aluminium or aluminium alloy, comprising jet means
(308) operating with a solution of water and organic acid suitable to strike a bar
with said solution and perform a pickling and/or cleaning treatment of surface oxides
of said bar.
15. Plant according to claim 14, wherein said jet means (308) are integrated with a press
(6) for the formation of the bar.
16. Method for the production of a bar of aluminium or aluminium alloy, wherein a pickling
and/or cleaning treatment of the surface oxides of a bar (4c) is carried out during
a hardening treatment of said bar (4c), by immersion in a predefined solution and
having reached a state of activation of the hardening and pickling process.
17. Plant (1,100) for the production of bars of aluminium or aluminium alloy, comprising
a main tank (8,108) containing a solution suitable to perform a hardening and pickling
and/or cleaning treatment of the surface oxides of a bar.
18. Plant (300) for the production of bars of aluminium or aluminium alloy, comprising
jet means (308) operating with a solution of water and organic acid suitable to strike
a bar with said solution and perform a hardening and pickling and/or cleaning treatment
of the surface oxides of said bar.
19. In a plant for the production of bars of aluminium or aluminium alloy, use of a solution
comprising water and an organic acid for the performance of a pickling and/or cleaning
treatment of the surface oxides of the bar.
20. In a plant for the production of bars of aluminium or aluminium alloy, use of a solution
comprising water and an organic acid for the performance of a hardening and simultaneous
pickling and/or cleaning treatment of the surface oxides of the bar.