OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of construction, and more specifically
to the seismic insulation of buildings.
[0002] Its object consists of providing an element designed for constructing partitions
of a building (i.e. enclosures, walls and/or partitions), specifically designed to
seismically insulate said partition from the resistant structure of the building,
i.e. that part of the building design to withstand loads.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Buildings, especially those built in areas close to the limits of a tectonic plate
or in areas where there is an important presence of volcanoes, can be affected by
a seismic event. In the most serious cases, said events may seriously damage the building
and even completely destroy it.
[0004] Therefore, within the construction sector, a multitude of anti-seismic construction
elements have been developed; i.e. elements that are incorporated in a building with
the aim of minimizing the adverse effects of a seismic event, should this occur. For
the purposes of the present description, a seismic event is not exclusively limited
to earthquakes or earth tremors but can also be understood to refer to any phenomenon
of mechanical type or dynamic action that may cause damage to the resistant structure
and/or to the partitions of a building. Thus, the term "seismic event" equally comprises
any catastrophe or external action that supposes, in short, movements of the building
that may affect the structural integrity thereof, such as explosions, tornadoes, floods,
etc.
[0005] In most cases, said anti-seismic construction elements known at present are bricks
or blocks intended for the construction of partitions which do not produce seismic
insulation but instead increase the resistance of said partitions, either because
they give greater interlocking between the component pieces or because they are provided
with inner strengthening cables or bars which are joined together and anchored to
the resistant structure of the building, and may even be pre-stressed.
[0006] Thus, for example, document
IT1201302 discloses a modular element formed by a chipboard block which incorporates a metal
mesh composed of vertical and horizontal bars rigidly joined together. The metal mesh
of each chipboard block is joined to the metal mesh of the adjacent blocks by special
threaded pieces so that it forms a continuous and rigid metal structure which is joined
to the resistant structure of the building, not requiring joining mortar between the
blocks. It is important to indicate the fact that as the vertical bars are rigidly
joined to the horizontal bars, it is not possible for there to be relative movement
of some bars with others.
[0007] Furthermore, it is known that the partitions have a considerable influence in the
dynamic response of buildings. In this way, the use of anti-seismic elements according
to the prior art in partition construction increases the resistance of said partitions,
providing a considerable rigidity to the building structure which affects its behaviour
in the event of seismic event, and said partitions may even cause serious damages
and collapses of buildings, as numerous studies and scientific bibliography reveal,
e.g. in: [
El-Dakhakhni W. W., Elgaaly, F. M., Hamid, A.A, 'Three-Strut Model for Concrete Masonry-Infilled
Steel Frames'. Journal of Structural Engineering, 129, 2, 2003], [
Braga F., Manfredi V., Masi A., Salvatori A., Vona M. 'Performance of non-structural
elements in RC buildings during the L'Aquila, 2009 earthquake'. Bulletin of Earthquake
Engineering, 9, 307-24, 2010], [
Uva G., Porco F., Fiore A. 'Appraisal of masonry infill walls effect in the seismic
response of RC framed buildings: A case study'. Engineering Structures 34, 514-526,
2012].
[0008] Despite this, the contribution of said partitions is not usually taken into consideration
in the theoretical structural and/or seismic calculations performed during the construction
project phase of a building, since they are not considered resistant elements, in
addition to the fact that they may exist or not, depending on the requirements at
any given time. For this reason, the real dynamic behaviour of a building, especially
in a seismic event, does not usually coincide with that predicted by the theoretical
calculations. This difference is even greater in buildings where the partitions incorporate
anti-seismic elements according to the prior art such as those indicated above, since
said anti-seismic elements contribute to increasing the resistance of the partitions
and change the overall rigidity of the building.
[0009] A way of significantly reducing the discrepancy between theory and practice described
above in the event of a dynamic action such as an earthquake, would be to significantly
insulate the building partitions from the resistant structure of said building.
[0010] Indeed, modern seismic legislation establishes, in its majority, that if an element
(such as, for example, the partitions) affects the dynamic behaviour of a building,
said element, should either be taken into consideration in the calculations or be
seismically insulated. However, an attempt to seismically insulate the resistant structure
of a building from the partitions may easily lead to loss of resistance against the
actions in the plane perpendicular to said partitions.
[0011] The bricks or blocks of the prior art mentioned above only increase partition resistance,
modifying the overall rigidity of the building but are not effective for seismically
insulating said partitions from the corresponding resistant structures of the building,
so that in the sector there is the need to provide elements specifically to satisfactorily
achieve said insulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0012] In order to tackle the problems and disadvantages of the prior art indicated above,
the invention provides an anti-seismic, insulating construction element, designed
for constructing building partitions comprising:
- a plurality of rods made of a rigid material; and
- a matrix made of a flexible material, provided with an upper wall, a lower wall and
side walls,
wherein the plurality of rods is substantially embedded in the matrix made of a flexible
material so that:
- a first set of rods is disposed in a vertical direction;
- a second set of rods is disposed in a horizontal direction,
- none of the rods of the second set of rods is rigidly joined to none of the rods of
the first set of rods.
- the rods of one of the two sets, first or second, do not extend continuously along
the length of the matrix.
[0013] The anti-seismic, insulating construction element according to the invention is designed
to preferably be disposed in contact with the pillars and the beams or floors of a
building, to absorb its movements should a seismic event occur and not transmit it
to the partitions.
[0014] In a first embodiment of the invention, the rods of the second set do not extend
continuously along the horizontal direction of the matrix. The anti-seismic, insulating
construction elements, according to this embodiment particular of the invention, are
preferably disposed in contact with the structure's pillars to mainly absorb horizontal
movements should a seismic event occur.
[0015] In the present description, it should be understood that " a vertical direction"
is that perpendicular to the surface of the ground on which a building partition rests,
built from the anti-seismic, insulating construction elements of the invention, whilst"
a horizontal direction" is that parallel to the surface of said ground. It should
also be understood that a "rigid joint" of two pieces is that which prevents the relative
movement of said pieces with respect to another and that a "rod" is a part with a
long and thin form.
[0016] The rigid rods of an anti-seismic, insulating construction element according to the
invention are designed to withstand the vertical stresses generated by the action
of gravity and, in the case of an anti-seismic, insulating element according to the
first embodiment of the invention, the horizontal stresses produced by a seismic event.
Therefore, they must be made of a rigid and resistant material, for example a steel
or a plastic with an elastic modulus in the range of 2 to 250 GPa and an elastic limit
in the range of 5 to 1000 MPa. Furthermore, its disposal within the matrix is such
that it allows resisting with rigidity the gravitational and horizontal forces perpendicular
to the plane of the partition, but not the forces arising from movements in the plane
of the partition. The matrices of said anti-seismic, insulating construction elements
according to the invention must instead be made of a flexible material, for example
with an elastic modulus between 1 and 1000 MPa, to thus enable absorbing the movements
produced in the plane of the partition without introducing additional rigidity, and
avoiding the dynamic interaction between the building partition and structure. Furthermore,
the dimensions of said matrices are substantially equal to the total size of the anti-seismic,
insulating construction element.
[0017] Thus, an anti-seismic, insulating construction element according to the invention
has a different behaviour according to the three directions of the space. For example,
in the case of an anti-seismic, insulating element according to the first embodiment
of the invention, said anti-seismic, insulating element is capable of withstanding
vertical forces and forces perpendicular to the plane of the partition thanks to the
plurality of rods and to its special disposal, and capable of absorbing the horizontal
movements produced in the plane of the partition thanks to the flexible matrix and
to the horizontal movement in the plane of the partition allowed for the horizontal
bars not extending continuously throughout the length of the matrix.
[0018] In this way, a partition built with the anti-seismic, insulating construction elements
according to the first embodiment of the invention which mainly intend to absorb horizontal
movements produced by a seismic event according to the invention is sufficiently rigid
and resistant in two directions to withstand, thanks to the plurality of rods, the
compression and or shear stresses due to the gravitational loads of the building and
loads perpendicular to the plane of the partition and, simultaneously, sufficiently
flexible in the third direction (i.e. horizontal) to absorb the movements imposed
by the building structure on the partition in its plane during a seismic event without
introducing an appreciable rigidity in the plane of said partition, so that it has
the advantage of favouring the seismic insulation of the partition with respect to
the resistant structure of the building. As commented, the flexibility throughout
this direction allows that said partitions substantially absorb the movements induced
by a seismic event in the building, as the horizontal rods can penetrate each anti-seismic,
insulating element in the matrix that contains it without colliding with other rods,
whilst the plurality of rods and their particular disposal allow resistance against
loads perpendicular to the plane of the partition. Likewise, it is achieved that said
partitions are seismically insulated from the resistant structure of the building
on substantially interrupting the diagonal compression struts, flattening and/or sliding
which are typically formed with a seismic event, and the fractures in the form of
a cross associated to said compression struts are significantly eliminated.
[0019] In a second embodiment of the invention, the rods of the first set do not extend
continuously along the vertical direction of the matrix. The anti-seismic, insulating
construction elements, according to this particular embodiment of the invention, are
preferably disposed in contact with the floor or the beams of a building to mainly
absorb the vertical movements that may occur.
[0020] In this case, the anti-seismic, insulating elements according to this second embodiment
of the invention intend to main absorb vertical movements, and their behaviour is
equivalent to that described for the case of absorption of horizontal movements (first
embodiment of the invention), the rods then being disposed in vertical direction (i.e.
that of the first set of rods) not continuous along the length of the matrix, and
continuous in the horizontal direction, thus changing its spatial orientation 90°
with respect to the case of absorption of horizontal movements (first embodiment of
the invention) and adapting its measures with respect to the sets of rods described
for the previous case.
[0021] As previously stated, the real dynamic behaviour of a building whose partitions are
formed by anti-seismic, insulating construction elements according to the invention,
shall be closer to that predicted by the theoretical calculations than of that of
a building built without said elements.
[0022] Obviously, the anti-seismic, insulating construction elements according to the present
invention can also be used in a building, whether it is built in a seismic area or
not, to absorb the movements of the structure with respect to the partition caused
by other phenomenon which are not earthquakes and do not necessarily cause serious
damage to the structure. Thus, the partitions built with elements according to the
invention may be adapted to the movements of the supports and floors of the building
and have good behaviour against unforeseen fissuring induced by stresses due to thermal
effects, climate, wind, machinery vibration, effects of day and night alteration,
retraction of the concrete of the resistant structure of the building after its construction,
etc.
[0023] The anti-seismic, insulating construction elements according to the invention may
be used both for integrally building a partition, and exclusively in areas of joining
of a partition with the resistant structure of the building to absorb the relative
movements between both and hinder the formation of compressions struts thanks to its
flexibility in one direction. Therefore, the anti-seismic, insulating construction
elements according to the invention can be disposed in rows above one another.
[0024] The anti-seismic, insulating construction element according to the invention is preferably
modular. Modular means that two or more anti-seismic, insulating elements can be joined
together to form a partition or a portion of said partition. Furthermore, it may have
dimensions similar to those of the bricks or blocks typically used in construction
of a building, so that to build a partition with anti-seismic, insulating construction
elements according to the invention it is possible to use the typical construction
technique, with the advantage that it is not necessary to use additional pieces.
[0025] The number of rods made of rigid material comprising an anti-seismic, insulating
construction element according to the invention is, at least, that which provides
the same resistance to compression required and it will be obvious for a person skilled
in the art in light of the applicable legislation and of the dimensions that said
anti-seismic, insulating element should have.
[0026] Said rods may be optionally provided with an anti-corrosion treatment and/or may
have a circular cross-section. Likewise, the rods of the first set (i.e. the vertical
rods) are preferably continuous throughout the thickness of the matrix in anti-seismic,
insulating elements disposed to absorb horizontal movements (first embodiment of the
invention), and preferably continuous in the horizontal direction when the anti-seismic,
insulating element is disposed to absorb vertical movements (second embodiment of
the invention).
[0027] In an embodiment of the invention provided to absorb horizontal movements at least
two of the rods of the second set (i.e. two horizontal rods) are disposed opposite
one another, also existing a space between both, designed that said rods do not come
into contact with one another if a seismic event occurs.
[0028] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one part of the plurality
of rods protrudes slightly from the upper wall, lower wall and/or the side walls of
the anti-seismic, insulating construction element, with the protruding portions of
said rods being intended to be embedded in the joints typically made between the construction
elements forming a partition. This improves the joining of the anti-seismic, insulating
element provided of said rods to the adjacent anti-seismic, insulating elements which
form the partition and/or to other bricks, blocks or conventional construction elements
and/or to the resistant structure of the building, therefore, increasing the interlocking
between the elements. In an even more preferred embodiment of the invention, the rods
protrude a distance substantially equal to half of the thickness of the joint necessary
to join to anti-seismic, insulating elements of adjacent construction. Said joint
is normally filled with a material capable of setting, such as mortar.
[0029] In an even more preferred embodiment of the invention part of the plurality of rods
slightly protrudes, e.g. in the order of 0.1 to 2 cm, from the upper wall, lower wall
and/or the side walls of the anti-seismic, insulating construction element. Preferably,
the distance that the rods protrude is substantially equal to half of the thickness
of the joint, and the matrix is also provided with notches in those areas of its walls
wherethrough the rods protrude with a depth substantially equal to the thickness of
the joint. Said notches optionally have a circular, rectangular or square section,
and their object is to penetrate the mortar of the joint in the notches and improve
the interlocking.
[0030] Furthermore, the protruding portion of the rods contributes to resisting the compression
stresses on the construction element and increases the resistance to actions perpendicular
to the plane of the partition as said portions are embedded in the set material of
the joint.
[0031] According to another preferred embodiment of the invention disposed to absorb horizontal
movements, the disposal of the plurality of rods is such that it allows continuity
of the vertical rods between one anti-seismic, insulating element of the invention
and another disposed in a top row. In this way, the compression each vertical rod
receives during a seismic event shall be directly transmitted to the rod of the lower
anti-seismic, insulating element until reaching the resistant structure of the building.
[0032] Furthermore, in another preferred embodiment of the invention the matrix is made
of a polymer, for example and preferably polyurethane, rubber, recycled rubber or
foam rubber. This last material has lower density, so that its use is preferred to
minimise the weight of the anti-seismic, insulating element. Likewise, the matrix
may be optionally provided with cavities or lightening elements made from a lighter
additional material than the flexible material used in the remaining parts of the
matrix. Said lightening elements may be made, for example, from expanded polyurethane
with a density in the range of 20 to 40 kg/m3. Alternatively, the lightening elements
may be air bubbles introduced or not by means of an aerating element. Likewise, the
material from which the matrix is formed, in addition to elastic, may be thermal,
acoustically insulating and/or be provided with a treatment (e.g. add chlorine in
the composition) which improves its properties of reaction and resistance to fire,
and/or has a surface coating of another material (e.g. plaster) which improves its
properties of reaction and resistance to fire.
[0033] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the disposal of the plurality
of rods within the anti-seismic, insulating element of the invention disposed to absorb
horizontal movements, is such that it leaves a space so that the element can be cut
through the central area parallel to the side walls, only traversing the material
of the matrix and/or lightening element, obtaining two approximately equal pieces.
Likewise, the matrix material, in addition to being flexible, is preferably such that
it can be cut with basic tools (of those typically used in building construction,
so that in an anti-seismic, insulating construction element according to the invention,
it is possible to make shears, pass installations and build a partition with the usual
construction technique in the areas close to the building structure.
[0034] On the other hand, the matrix may be optionally provided, on the outer surface of
at least one of its walls, with notches intended to indicate the areas wherethrough
the element can be cut parallel to the side walls, so that only material of the matrix
and/or lightening element are traversed.
[0035] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the matrix is provided, on the
outer surface of at least one of its walls, with small projections and/or grooves
that define a stamp or "drawing", intended to improve the interlocking/friction with
the joint filling material, which may be, for example, mortar.
[0036] Likewise, in another preferred embodiment of the invention, the disposal of the plurality
of rods results from the repetition, as many times are necessary and optionally with
change of spatial orientation, of a basic pattern of placement of rods.
[0037] In another preferred embodiment of the invention disposed to absorb horizontal movements
the rods of the second set (i.e. the horizontal rods) are very close, e.g. a few mm
from, or brushing against the rods of the first set (i.e. the vertical rods), but
without there being a rigid joint.
[0038] In this way, the horizontal bars may continue moving in the horizontal direction
of the plane of the partition with respect to the vertical ones, at the same time
as favouring the propping up against them, which gives the advantage of preventing
movement in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the partition. This propping
up of the horizontal rods against the vertical rods is favoured by means of the particular
disposal of the vertical rods on both sides of the horizontal rods and at a little
distance.
[0039] In another even more preferred embodiment, -at least one- pair of rods of the first
set of rods (vertical) is disposed on both sides of -at least one- rod of the second
set (horizontal) and sufficiently close to it, to allow the propping up of said -at
least one- rod of the second set (horizontal) against -at least one- pair of rods
of the first set of rods.
[0040] Similarly, in another preferred embodiment of the invention provided to absorb vertical
movements, the vertical rods are very close, e.g. a few mm from, or brushing against
the horizontal rods, but without there being a rigid joint. In this way, the vertical
bars may continue moving in the vertical direction of the plane of the partition with
respect to the horizontal ones, at the same time as it favours the propping up against
them, which gives the advantage of preventing movement in the direction perpendicular
to the plane of the partition.
[0041] In another even more preferred embodiment, -at least one- pair of rods of the second
set of rods (horizontal) is disposed on both sides of -at least one- rod of the first
set (vertical) and sufficiently close to it, to allow the propping up of said -at
least one- rod of the first set (vertical) against -at least one- pair of rods of
the second set of rods.
BRIEF DECRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0042]
Figure 1A is a schematic perspective view of an example of anti-seismic, insulating
construction element according to the present invention;
Figure 1B is a schematic perspective view of the interior of the anti-seismic, insulating
construction element of figure 1A which aims to mainly absorb horizontal movements;
Figures 1C and 1D are, respectively, a top view and a sectional view according to
a vertical plane, of the anti-seismic, insulating construction element of figures
1A and 1 B;
Figure 2A is a schematic perspective view of a second example of anti-seismic, insulating
construction element according to the present invention,
Figures 2B and 2C are, respectively, a schematic perspective view of the interior
and a top view of the anti-seismic, insulating construction element of figure 2A which
aims to mainly absorb horizontal movements;
Figures 3A and 3B are, respectively, a perspective view and a sectional view according
to a vertical plane, of anti-seismic, insulating construction elements according to
the invention disposed in two rows;
Figure 4A and figure 4B are sectional views according to a vertical plane of two embodiments
of the invention which aims to mainly absorb horizontal movements wherein two possible
disposals of the rods are shown;
Figure 5A is a schematic perspective view of the interior of a third example of anti-seismic,
insulating construction element according to the present invention;
Figures 5B and 5C are, respectively, a top view (of the interior) and a sectional
view according to a vertical plane, of the anti-seismic, insulating construction element
of figure 5A; and
Figure 6 is a sectional view according to a vertical plane, of the matrix of anti-seismic,
insulating construction element according to the embodiment of the present invention
which is schematically shown in figure 2A.
Figure 7A is a schematic perspective view of an example of anti-seismic, insulating
construction element according to the present invention with prismatic notches;
Figure 7B is a schematic perspective view of the interior of the anti-seismic, insulating
construction element of figure 7A which aims to mainly absorb vertical movements;
Figures 7C and 7D are sectional views according to a vertical plane of the anti-seismic,
insulating construction element of figures 7A and 7B which aims to mainly absorb vertical
movements.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
[0043] Below, various specific examples are described of the invention making reference
to attached figures. In said figures, the components with identical or similar functions
have been given the same reference number.
[0044] Figures 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D show a first embodiment of an anti-seismic, insulating
construction element according to the invention comprising a matrix 10 with an upper
wall 10a, a lower wall 10b and side walls 10c. Housed in the interior of said matrix
10 and joined to at least one of the walls 10a, 10b, 10c, are disposed vertical rods
15a, and horizontal rods 15b, which protrude slightly through at least one of the
walls 10a, 10b, 10c.
[0045] In this example of embodiment of anti-seismic, insulating construction element according
to the invention, the horizontal rods 15b are disposed in two groups opposite one
another, with a space 30 between both, designed so that said rods 15b do not come
into contact with one another if a seismic event occurs. In figure 1C, it is possible
to observe the basic pattern 50 of placement of rods 15a, 15b (enclosed by a broken
line) which is repeated four times to give the specific disposal of the plurality
of rods 15a, 15b shown in this example.
[0046] Figure 2A shows a second embodiment of an anti-seismic, insulating construction element
according to the invention, wherein the matrix 10 is provided with notches 20, of
cylindrical section, in those areas wherein the rods 15a, 15b, protrude whilst figure
2B shows a schematic perspective view of the interior of the anti-seismic, insulating
construction element of figure 2A with a new basic pattern 50 of placement of rods
15a, 15b, shown in figure 2C. Said basic pattern 50 of placement of rods 15a, 15b
is different from that of the previous embodiment, shown in figures 1A, 1B, 1C and
1D.
[0047] Figures 3A and 3B schematically show the joining process of anti-seismic, insulating
construction elements according to the invention in two rows. In figure 3B, it can
be observed how according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, whenever possible,
the vertical rods 15a of an anti-seismic, insulating element are aligned with the
vertical rods 15a of the other anti-seismic, insulating element situated in the top
row.
[0048] Figures 4A and 4B show two sectional views according to a vertical plane with two
different rod disposals for two embodiments of anti-seismic, insulating construction
elements according to the invention, in which a set of rods in the left half is repeated
in the right half varying its orientation, so that the space 30 is sufficient to allow
the movement of the horizontal rods inserted in the matrix, and it has the necessary
propping with the vertical rods, as described above.
[0049] Figures 5A, 5B and 5C show another embodiment of an anti-seismic, insulating construction
element according to the invention, which is provided with lightening elements 40.
[0050] Figure 6 shows a cut (according to a vertical plane) of the matrix 10 of an anti-seismic,
insulating construction element according to the invention, wherein it is possible
to observe the notches 20.
[0051] Figures 7A, 7B, 7C and 7D show another embodiment of an anti-seismic, insulating
construction element according to the invention wherein the rods 15b of the first
set do not extend continuously along the vertical direction of the matrix 10. In this
embodiment of the invention, the matrix 10 is provided with notches 20 of square section.
[0052] Although the invention has only been described in relation to the embodiments mentioned
in the present, it must be understood that other possible combinations, variations
and improvements shall also be included within the scope of the invention, which is
not exclusively defined by the attached claims.
1. Anti-seismic, insulating construction element, designed for constructing building
partitions, comprising:
- a plurality of rods (15a, 15b) made of a rigid material; and
- a matrix (10) made of a flexible material provided with an upper wall (10a), a lower
wall (10b) and side walls (10c),
characterized in that the plurality of rods (15a, 15b) is substantially embedded in the matrix (10) made
of a flexible material so that:
- a first set of rods (15a) is disposed in a vertical direction;
- a second set of rods (15b) is disposed in a horizontal direction,
- none of the rods (15b) of the second set of rods (15b) is joined to none of the
rods (15a) of the first set of rods (15a),
- the rods (15a;15b) of one of the two sets, first (15a) or second (15b), do not extend
continuously along the length of the matrix (10).
2. Element according to claim 1, wherein the rods of the second set (15b) do not extend
continuously along the horizontal direction of the matrix (10).
3. Element according to claim 1, wherein the rods of the first set (15a) do not extend
continuously along the vertical direction of the matrix (10).
4. Element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein it is of modular type.
5. Element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one part of the
plurality of rods (15a, 15b) protrudes from the upper wall (10a), lower wall (10b)
and/or the side walls (10c).
6. Element according to claim 5, wherein the rods (15a, 15b) protrude a distance substantially
equal to half of the thickness of the joint necessary to join to anti-seismic, insulating
elements of adjacent construction.
7. Element according to any of claims 5 or 6, wherein the matrix (10) is provided with
notches (20) in those areas of its walls wherethrough the rods (15a, 15b) protrude.
8. Element according to claim 7, wherein the notches (20) have a circular, rectangular
or square section.
9. Element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least two of the rods
(15b) of the second set are disposed opposite one another, also existing a space (30)
between both, designed that said rods (15b) do not come into contact with one another
if a seismic event occurs.
10. Element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the rods (15b) of the second
set are very close or brushing against the rods (15a) of the first set.
11. Element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the rods (15a, 15b) are
provided with an anti-corrosion treatment.
12. Element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the rods (15a, 15b) have
a circular cross-section.
13. Element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the disposal of the plurality
of rods (15a, 15b) is such that it allows continuity of the vertical rods (15a) between
one anti-seismic, insulating element of the invention and another disposed in a top
row.
14. Element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the matrix (10) is made
of a polymer, preferably polyurethane, rubber, recycled rubber or foam rubber.
15. Element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the matrix (10) is provided
with lightening elements (40) made from a lighter additional material than the flexible
material used in the remaining parts of the matrix (10).
16. Element according to claim 15, wherein the lightening elements (40) are air bubbles
and/or are made from expanded polyurethane with a density in the range of 20 to 40
kg/m3.
17. Element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the matrix (10) is provided,
on the outer surface of at least one of its walls, with projections and/or grooves
that define a stamp or drawing.
18. Element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the disposal of the plurality
of rods (15a, 15b) results from the repetition, optionally with change of spatial
orientation, of a basic pattern (50) of placement of rods (15a, 15b).
19. Element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein -at least one- pair of rods
of the first set of rods (15a) is disposed on both sides of -at least one- rod of
the second set (15b) and sufficiently close to it, to allow the propping up of said
-at least one- rod of the second set (15b), against said -at least one- pair of rods
of the first set of rods (15a).
20. Element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one- pair of rods
of the second set of rods (15b) is disposed on both sides of -at least one- rod of
the first set (15a) and sufficiently close to it, to allow the propping up of said
-at least one-rod of the first set (15a) against -at least one- pair of rods of the
second set of rods (15b).
21. Element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the matrix is thermally
insulating, acoustically insulating and/or is provided with a treatment that improves
its properties of reaction and resistance to fire, and/or has a surface coating of
another material that improves its properties of reaction and resistance to fire.
22. Building partition, characterized in that it is totally or partially built with the anti-seismic, insulating construction elements
of any of the preceding claims.