METHOD FOR CREATING A STABILIZED SOIL WALL

Description

Field of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for creating a stabilized soil wall.

Background of the invention

[0002] A wall created with such a method is generally known as a wall comprising 'compressed stabilized earth blocks' (CSEB) or a 'rammed earth wall'. The method comprises the compression of a soil mixture under relatively high pressure within a compression space, either with or without the use of additional vibrations. The method allows the creation of wall elements or, if a plurality of such wall elements are arranged in a pattern next to or on top of each other, the creation of a wall. In this patent application such a wall will be generally referred to as a 'compressed soil wall'.

[0003] The known method, however, has as a drawback that the stability and life span of the wall elements or the wall leaves to be desired. This is mainly caused by the often differing properties of the supplied soil and thus the resulting soil mixture used for constructing the wall.

[0004] The above especially holds when the wall is constructed as a delimitation for a water reservoir, such as a river or a ditch. The known walls can hardly be used for such purposes due to severe problems with mechanical stability and load carrying capability.

[0005] Due to their low ecological footprint, i.e. requiring comparatively small amounts of raw building materials and due to the wide availability of soil, the use of such walls for in particular the sheet piling of a water reservoir like a river or a ditch would be extremely advantageous. Nowadays, e.g. in The Netherlands, usually wood from countries such as Cameroon or Malaysia is imported to construct wooden sheet pilings. For creating such sheet pilings the Netherlands alone already consumes 1.6 million cubic metres for use therewith. This amounts to 3.2 million trees and a forest of approximately 80 square kilometres.

[0006] Another disadvantage of wooden sheet pilings is that their life span generally is only 30 years, mainly due to degradation by rot. Therefore, replacement thereof has to be carried out relatively frequently. For the Netherlands alone, the costs associated with replacement amount to 5-10 billion Euros.

[0007] From US 2005/0202115 A1 a ramming method/device is known for creating compressed blocks of soil. However, the soil used with the device concerns soil having a predetermined soil composition. With this device it is not possible to just supply any type of soil, otherwise the integrity of the blocks will be severely affected.

[0008] From WO 2007/115233 A2 a similar method and device for creating a compressed earth block is known. However, this publication also does not disclose that any type of soil can be used to obtain a satisfactory result. The same essentially holds for the apparatuses and methods disclosed in US 2002/0105107 A1 and CN 201372440Y. From FR2607160A1 is known a method for creating a stabilized soil wall according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0009] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for creating a stabilized soil wall, wherein the stability, load carrying capability and life span of the wall is increased.

[0010] It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for creating a stabilized, such as compressed, soil wall, wherein the ecological footprint thereof is reduced. Therein, it is an even further object of the invention to be able to use virtually any type of locally available soil to form the wall or wall element.

Summary of the invention

[0011] Hereto the method according to the invention comprises the steps as set in claim 1.

[0012] The inventors have found that the method increases the stability, load carrying capability and life span of the wall. Furthermore, the ecological footprint thereof is reduced due to the use of local soil. The additives may comprise stabilizing or binding additives. In this respect, it should be noted that usually the supplied soil is already pre-selected or pre-conditioned for use with a wall element. The embodiment, however, advantageously seeks to be able to utilize virtually any type of supplied soil by analyzing the supplied soil and then adding additives as required (essentially 'on the spot'). This allows a much broader range of soil types to be used, such as local soil, lowering in particular soil transportation costs and ecological footprint. Preferably, a 'recipe book', model or look-up system/table is used to determine the optimum amounts and types of additives to be used and to achieve the desired soil mixture. Such a recipe book, model or look-up system/table may utilize input parameters such as moisture content and/or pH and/or granularity and/or organic content and/or lutum fraction and/or porosity and/or weight, just to name some, to determine the optimum amounts and types of additives to be added. Therein, also the physical properties and biological properties are taken into account when determining what additives to add.

[0013] For instance, when a sheet piling of a river or the like is concerned, additional calcium has to be added when the soil is rich in clay and cement when the soil comprises large quantities of sand. This will again be different when the wall is to be constructed as a delimitation of a road and soil in the vicinity of that road is used.

[0014] However, according to the invention, due to the selective addition of additives prior to compression in the compression space, local soil can be used in virtually any case.

[0015] More preferably, the aforementioned model or system is embodied as an automated system. The automated system may comprises software to establish the optimum types and dosing of additives. The automated system or software can for instance be used to directly operate the mixing device.

[0016] Applicant has found that the compression force used according to the invention lies in the range of 10-200 kg/cm², preferably 40-60 kg/cm², more preferably around 50 kg/cm².

[0017] The additives may comprise reinforcing materials, such as fibres, for instance hemp or flax, or pozzolans, such as fly-ash.

[0018] According to the invention, during the mixing of the soil in the mixing device, zeolite is added as one of the additives.

[0019] By adding zeolite to the soil mixture, the inventors have found that the stability, load carrying capacity and life span of the wall is significantly increased. Moreover, it has been found that zeolite can be used to effectively stabilize a wall created with a wide variety of supplied soil types, i.e. having very different soil properties.

[0020] Furthermore, zeolite is a raw material that can be found in nature as such. Zeolite does not require further processing to exert its beneficial properties. Therefore, the ecological footprint of the wall is significantly reduced.

[0021] An embodiment relates to a method, wherein the supplied soil is excavated from the location where the wall is to be created or the direct vicinity thereof. This further reduces the ecological footprint of the wall, as the supplied soil does not have to be transported to the building site from a relatively far away location.

[0022] An embodiment relates to a method, wherein the wall forms the sheet piling of a water reservoir, such as a river or a ditch. The addition of zeolite effectively enables the wall to be used in an environment wherein permanent contact with water is unavoidable, in particular when the wall is used as a delimitation of a water reservoir, for instance a river or a ditch. As mentioned before, in nearly all situations this allows replacement of a wooden sheet piling by a compressed earth wall, allowing relatively large cost savings in countries where wooden pilings are commonplace. However, with wooden sheet pilings currently in use, it often happens that only the soil directly behind the sheet piling has become unstable (for example due to being partially flushed away). In such a case it is possible to use the sheet piling itself as a delimitation for the compression space. Subsequently, soil mixture is added to the unstable soil and subsequently compressed, using the method according to the invention, to obtain a newly stable 'wall element'. The wooden sheet piling itself is thus not discarded, but is put to good use. The wall can also be used as a delimitation means within a water reservoir, to separate two bodies of water, such as with a fish trap.

[0023] It is also conceivable that the wall element or wall is used as a fence, for example to fence-off a plot of land. Otherwise it is conceivable that the wall elements are used to build an emergency wall, for example to counter flooding. When used with a fence, each wall element therein may have a width and/or height of 1,5 - 2,0 m, such as 1,8 m.

[0024] An embodiment relates to a method, wherein the mixing takes place in a mixing device arranged on a vessel floating on the water reservoir near the location where the wall is to be created. This allows the soil mixture to be produced as close as possible to the actual wall creation site.

[0025] An embodiment relates to a method, wherein, the excavation is carried out by an excavator arranged on the vessel. A significant advantage is that when local soil is to be used, e.g. soil from the water reservoir or the edges thereof, the excavator can be conveniently used to excavate such soil and directly transfer the soil to the aforementioned mixing device for mixing.

[0026] An embodiment relates to a method, wherein during the mixing of the soil cement and/or lime, such as Portland cement, is added as one of the additives, being less than 50%, such as 5-10%, of the soil volume. Such (Portland) cement, especially in the aforementioned quantities, further stabilizes the wall or wall element.

[0027] In this respect it should be noted that the addition of so-called pozzolans nowadays is a worldwide trend. Many, but not all, pozzolans are environment-friendly additives that boost the mechanical properties of the used Portland cement. As a result thereof, less Portland cement and/or lime is needed, in common situations even up to 40%.

[0028] To increase the life span of a stabilized soil wall often fly ash is used as a pozzolan. Fly ash, however, is an artificial, i.e. man-made, material and therefore effectively causes the stabilized soil wall to have a significant ecological footprint. As found by the inventors, fly ash can be well-replaced by zeolite. Zeolite has been found to have terrific pozzolan properties and causes Portland cement to cure faster and/or to gain more strength. Due to the significant pozzolan properties of zeolite, even lower quantities of cement can be used to create a stable wall.

[0029] Another advantage of zeolite with respect to other pozzolans is that zeolite has good CO2-absorbing properties. Therefore, a large part of CO2-production caused by the production of Portland cement can be compensated for, thereby facilitating an even lower ecological footprint, even allowing the wall to be created in a 'CO2-neutral' way.

[0030] Another advantage of the use of zeolite in the compressed soil wall is that smells and even pollution are absorbed and stabilized. Zeolite also causes the wall to have a higher resistance against intrusion by external substances or similar influences. This is of particular importance when the wall is used as sheet piling for delimiting a water reservoir and this especially holds when additional reinforcement or anchoring is used therewith.

[0031] Zeolite also prevents excessive dehydration of the wall, in particular when the wall is used as sheet piling. This property facilitates growth of plants and other vegetation on or near the wall. The roots of such vegetation protect the bank of the river, ditch or similar water reservoir, against erosion and increase the stability thereof. It is expected that in such conditions the lifespan of the compressed soil wall may possibly be increased to 100 years or even more.

[0032] An embodiment relates to a method, wherein the amount of zeolite to be added is 0,001-50%, such as 10-20%, preferably 15%, of the amount of added cement volume. The inventors have found this amount to give the compressed soil wall the best mix of properties with regards to mechanical stability, resistance against external influences and CO2-absorption.

[0033] An embodiment relates to a method, wherein the supplied soil comprises polluted soil. As stated before, the optional zeolite will absorb and stabilize soil pollution allowing polluted soil to be used for building the compressed soil wall if desired.

[0034] An embodiment relates to an aforementioned method, wherein the zeolite is natural zeolite, preferably more than 95% natural zeolite, more preferably more than 97% natural zeolite, to obtain the lowest ecological footprint.

[0035] Another aspect of the invention relates to a method, wherein the compression space comprises a substantially vertical first plate or plate-like profile and a substantially vertical second plate, spaced-apart from the first plate, wherein the first and second plate extend along a substantially horizontal wall creation axis, and a substantially vertical third plate, arranged at a horizontal end of the first and second plates and extending substantially perpendicular to the first and second plates, wherein the third plate is moveable along the wall creation axis, wherein a soil compression space is delimited by the first, second and third plates, wherein, when the compression space is filled with the soil mixture, the third plate is moved along the wall creation axis to compress the soil mixture in the soil compression space. This allows relatively fast creation of a wall element or a block of a compressed soil wall.

[0036] An embodiment relates to a method, wherein the third plate is compressed against the soil mixture by a compression device attached to the horizontal ends of the first and second plates, wherein the compression device comprises a compression member moveable along the wall creation axis to compress the third plate against the soil mixture. Such a compression device enables the compression step to be carried out in a relatively short time period. Therein, effective use is made of the first and second plates to exert counter pressure.

[0037] An embodiment relates to a method, wherein the first, the second and the third plate are compressed against the soil mixture. Thus, the wall element is compressed from several sides to obtain more even compression.

[0038] According to the invention the compression of soil is carried out with vibrations. Thus, an even more densely compacted wall can be obtained.

[0039] An embodiment relates to a method, wherein, when a first wall element of compressed soil is created, the first, second and third plate are shifted along the wall creation axis to a location next to the first wall element to create one or more subsequent wall elements of compressed soil until a desired wall size is achieved. Such a method allows the creation of a continuous compressed soil wall while minimizing equipment use, in particular use of compression space.

[0040] An embodiment relates to a method, wherein, for the one or more subsequent wall elements, the soil compression space is delimited by the first, second and third plate, and a side surface of a previous wall element of compressed soil, such as a side surface of the first wall element. This allows the building of a continuous wall along the wall creation axis in a fast manner. The skilled person will realize that for the first wall element or block an additional piece of vertical compression space will be needed, opposing the third plate and extending parallel thereto, to properly delimit the compression space.

[0041] Another aspect of the invention relates to a stabilized soil wall, comprising one or more wall elements of compressed soil, wherein the compressed soil wall is created with the aforementioned method.

[0042] An embodiment relates to a stabilized soil wall, wherein at least one wall element comprises a soil mixture containing zeolite.

[0043] An embodiment relates to an aforementioned stabilized soil wall, wherein one of the wall elements comprises a soil mixture containing soil that has been excavated from the location where the wall has been created or the direct vicinity thereof.

[0044] An embodiment relates to an aforementioned stabilized soil wall, wherein the wall forms the sheet piling of a water reservoir, such as a river or a ditch.

[0045] An embodiment relates to an aforementioned stabilized soil wall, wherein one of the wall elements comprises a soil mixture containing less than 50%, such as 5-10% cement, in relation to the soil volume.

[0046] An embodiment relates to an aforementioned stabilized soil wall, wherein one of the wall elements comprises a soil mixture containing an amount of zeolite of 0,001-50%, such as 10-20%, of the amount of soil volume in that wall element.

[0047] Another aspect of the invention relates to a compression device for use in the method, comprising a housing with two attachment elements, wherein each attachment element is suitable for attachment to the horizontal end of either the first or the second plate, and a compression member arranged between the attachment elements. Such a compression device can be quickly attached and detached from the horizontal ends of the first and second plates.

Brief description of the drawings

[0048] Embodiments of a method for creating a stabilized or compressed soil wall element or wall, and a stabilized soil wall according to the invention, will by way of non-limiting example be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention and a stabilized soil wall created therewith.

Detailed description of the invention

[0049] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention. Figure 1 more specifically shows a method for creating a stabilized, such as compressed, soil wall 1 according to the invention, comprising the steps of supplying soil to the location where the wall 1 is to be created, such as the bank of a river or a ditch. Subsequently a compression space 2 is created at the location where the wall 1 (or more generally, a wall element for use in a wall) is to be created, for example by using formwork. Then the soil is mixed in a mixing device 3 with one or more desired additives 4 to obtain a desired soil mixture 5. Thereafter, an amount of soil mixture 5 is arranged in the compression space 2. To provide the wall 1 with the necessary mechanical strength, the first wall element 7 of soil mixture 5 is then compressed in the compression space 2, for instance by using compression, ramming or vibrations. Subsequent wall elements 6, 8 of soil mixture 5 may be added and compressed in the same way adjacent to the first wall element 7 until the desired wall size is achieved. During the mixing of the soil in the mixing device 3, zeolite is added as one of the additives. Thus, a vertical infrastructural wall 1 as shown in figure 1 can be created, for instance on the bank of a river or ditch. The wall elements 6, 7 may be formed as blocks having dimensions of for instance > 0,003 m³ and/or a weight of > 4 kg.

[0050] As shown in figure 1, the supplied soil is preferably excavated from the location where the wall 1 is to be created or the direct vicinity thereof, such as the bank of a water reservoir 10. The soil can be polluted to a certain degree without hindering the carrying out of the invention. By contrast, the additives to be added can be adapted both in type as well as dosage to take the pollution of the soil into account. The wall 1 as shown forms the sheet piling 9 of the water reservoir 10, such as a river or a ditch. However, the wall can also be used for other purposes, such as for creating the delimitation of an area, such as a garden, or a road.

[0051] In the example as shown, the mixing takes place in a mixing device 3 arranged on a vessel 11 floating on the water reservoir 10 near the location where the wall 1 is to be created. As can be seen in figure 1, the excavation is carried out advantageously by an excavator 12 arranged on the vessel 11.

[0052] During the mixing of the soil in the mixing device 3 5-10% cement and/or lime, such as Portland cement, is added as one of the additives 4. The amount of zeolite to be added is 10-20% of the amount of added (Portland) cement and/or lime to achieve optimal results. Furthermore, the zeolite preferably contains close to 100% natural zeolite.

[0053] In the exemplary embodiment of the method as shown in figure 1, the compression space 2 comprises a substantially vertical first plate 13 and a substantially vertical second plate 14, spaced-apart from the first plate 13, such as over a distance of 0.1 - 0.5 m. The first 13 and second plate 14 extend along a substantially horizontal wall creation axis X. A substantially vertical third plate 15 is arranged at a horizontal end of the first 13 and second plates 14 and extends substantially perpendicular to the first 13 and second 14 plates. The third plate 14 is moveable along the wall creation axis X. A soil compression space 16 is delimited by the first 13, second 14 and third 15 plates. When the compression space 16 is filled with the soil mixture 5, the third plate 15 is moved along the wall creation axis X to compress the soil mixture 5 in the soil compression space 16. The excavator 12 can be conveniently used to compress the top surface of the soil mixture 5. The plates 13, 14, 15 can be made of any suitable material, such as concrete, wood or metal.

[0054] Therein, the third plate 15 is compressed against the soil mixture 5 by a compression device 17 attached to the horizontal ends of the first 13 and second 14 plates. The compression device 17 comprises a compression member 20, such as a piston, moveable along the wall creation axis X to compress the third plate 15 against the soil mixture 5. The compression device 17 basically comprises a main body or a housing with two attachment elements 19, wherein each attachment element 19 is suitable for attachment to the horizontal end of either the first 13 or the second plate 14. The attachment elements 19 may comprise a suction device, mechanical clamps, et cetera. The compression member 20 is preferably arranged between the attachment elements 19 for symmetric power exertion on the third plate 15.

[0055] When a first wall element 6, 7 of compressed soil is created with the method, the first 13, second 14 and third plate 15 can be conveniently shifted along the wall creation axis X to a location next to the first wall element 6, 7 to create one or more subsequent wall elements 6, 8 of compressed soil until a desired wall size, in particular a desired length along the wall creation axis X, is achieved. After the shifting of the plates 13, 14, 15 along the wall creation axis X, the soil compression space 16 can be delimited by a side surface 18 of a previous wall element 6, 7 of compressed soil, such as a side surface of the first wall element 6, 7, i.e. the surface 18 extending perpendicular to the wall creation axis X.

[0056] In a general sense an upper face of a lower wall element 6, 7 may be provided with a protrusion (not shown) extending along the wall creation axis X, wherein the protrusion fittingly engages a groove (not shown) extending at a lower face of an upper wall element to facilitate positioning of the upper wall element on the lower wall element.

[0057] Thus, the invention has been described by reference to the embodiments discussed above. It will be recognized that these embodiments are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms well known to those of skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, although specific embodiments have been described, these are examples only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention which is defined by the claims.

Reference numerals

[0058] 

1.

Stabilized soil wall

2.

Compression space

3.

Mixing device

4.

Additives

5.

Soil mixture

6.

Wall element

7.

First wall element of wall

8.

Subsequent wall element of wall

9.

Sheet piling

10.

Water reservoir

11.

Vessel

12.

Excavator

13.

First plate

14.

Second plate

15.

Third plate

16.

Soil compression space

17.

Compression device

18.

Side surface of previous wall element

19.

Attachment element of compression device

20.

Compression member of compression device

X.

Wall creation axis

Claims

1. Method for creating a stabilized soil wall (1) which forms a delimitation of a water reservoir (10), using locally available soil, the method comprising the steps of:

- supplying soil to the location where a wall element that is to become part of the wall is to be created,

- creating a compression space (2) at the location where the wall element is to be created, said method being characterized in that it further comprises the following steps

- arranging an amount of soil in the compression space, wherein prior to the arranging of the amount of soil in the compression space to create the wall element (6, 7), the soil is mixed in a mixing device (3) to obtain a desired soil mixture (5), wherein the mixing comprises the addition of one or more desired additives (4) based on the mechanical and chemical properties of the supplied soil, wherein during the mixing of the soil cement and/or lime is added as one of the additives in the range of 5-10% of the soil volume and zeolite is added as one of the additives in an amount of 10-20% of the amount of added cement and/or lime volume,

- compressing the soil in the compression space to obtain the wall element (6, 7), wherein the wall element is formed as a block, and wherein the compression of soil is carried out with vibrations and the compression force used lies in the range of 10 - 200 kg/cm²,

- arranging the wall element at the location where the wall (1) is to be created and compressing subsequent wall elements (6, 8) to form blocks and arranging them adjacent to the first wall element until the desired wall size is achieved.

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the additives comprise reinforcing materials, such as fibres, for instance hemp or flax, or pozzolans, such as fly-ash.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mixing device (3) in which the mixing takes place is arranged on a vessel (11) floating on a water reservoir near the location where the wall is to be created.

4. Method according to claim 3, wherein the supplied soil is excavated from the location where the wall is to be created or in the direct vicinity thereof, and wherein the excavation is carried out by an excavator (12) arranged on the vessel (11).

5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wall forms the sheet piling (9) of a water reservoir (10).

6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amount of zeolite to be added is 15% of the amount of added cement and/or lime volume.

7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compression space (2) comprises a substantially vertical first plate (13) or plate-like profile and a substantially vertical second plate (14), spaced-apart from the first plate, wherein the first and second plate extend along a substantially horizontal wall creation axis (X), and a substantially vertical third plate (15), arranged at a 30 horizontal end of the first and second plates and extending substantially perpendicular to the first and second plates, wherein the third plate is moveable along the wall creation axis, wherein a soil compression space (16) is delimited by the first, second and third plates, wherein, when the compression space is filled with the soil mixture (5), the third plate is moved along the wall creation axis to compress the soil mixture in the soil compression space.

8. Method according to claim 7, wherein the third plate is compressed against the soil mixture by a compression device (17) attached to the horizontal ends of the first and second plates, wherein the compression device comprises a compression member (20) moveable along the wall creation axis to compress the third plate against the soil mixture.

9. Method according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein the supplied soil is excavated from the location where the wall is to be created or the direct vicinity thereof.

10. Method according to claim 9, wherein the wall forms the sheet piling of a water reservoir (10).

11. Method according to claim 10, wherein the excavation is carried out by an excavator (12) arranged on the vessel.

12. Method according to claim 8, wherein an excavator (12) is used to compress the top surface of the soil mixture in the soil compression space (16).

13. Method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein, when a first wall element of compressed soil is created, the first, second and third plate are shifted along the wall creation axis to a location next to the first wall element to create one or more subsequent wall elements of compressed soil until a desired wall size is achieved.

14. Method according to claim 13, wherein, for the one or more subsequent wall elements, the soil compression space (16) is delimited by the first, second and third plate, and a side surface (18) of a previous wall element of compressed soil, such as a side surface of the first wall element.

Ansprüche

1. Verfahren zum Errichten einer stabilisierten Erdwand (1), die eine Begrenzung eines Wasserreservoirs (10) bildet, unter Verwendung lokal verfügbarer Erde, wobei das Verfahren die Schritte umfasst:

- Liefern der Erde an den Ort, wo ein Wandelement, das ein Teil der Wand werden soll, errichtet werden soll,

- Errichten eines Verdichtungsraums (2) an dem Ort, an dem das Wandelement errichtet werden soll,

wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass es ferner die folgenden Schritte umfasst

- Anordnen einer Menge der Erde in dem Verdichtungsraum, wobei vor dem Anordnen der Menge der Erde in dem Verdichtungsraum, um das Wandelement (6, 7) zu errichten, die Erde in einer Mischvorrichtung (3) gemischt wird, um eine gewünschte Erdmischung (5) zu erhalten, wobei das Mischen die Zugabe eines oder mehrerer gewünschter Zusatzstoffe (4) basierend auf den mechanischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der gelieferten Erde umfasst, wobei während des Mischens der Erde Zement und/oder Kalk als einer der Zusatzstoffe im Bereich von 5-10 % des Erdvolumens hinzugefügt werden und Zeolith als einer der Zusatzstoffe in einer Menge von 10-20 % der Menge des hinzugefügten Zement- und/oder Kalkvolumens hinzugefügt wird,

- Verdichten der Erde in dem Verdichtungsraum, um das Wandelement (6, 7) zu erhalten, wobei das Wandelement als ein Block gebildet wird und wobei die Verdichtung der Erde mit Schwingungen ausgeführt wird und die verwendete Verdichtungskraft im Bereich von 10-200 kg/cm² liegt,

- Anordnen des Wandelements an dem Ort, an dem die Wand (1) errichtet werden soll, und Verdichten nachfolgender Wandelemente (6, 8), um Blöcke zu bilden, und Anordnen dieser an das erste Wandelement angrenzend, bis die gewünschte Wandgröße erreicht ist.

2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Zusatzstoffe Verstärkungsmaterialien, wie z. B. Fasern, z. B. Hanf oder Flachs, oder Puzzolane, wie z. B. Flugasche, umfassen.

3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Mischvorrichtung (3), in der das Mischen stattfindet, auf einem Wasserfahrzeug (11) angeordnet ist, das auf einem Wasserreservoir in der Nähe des Ortes, wo die Wand errichtet werden soll, schwimmt.

4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, wobei die gelieferte Erde an dem Ort, an dem die Wand errichtet werden soll, oder in seiner direkten Umgebung ausgehoben wird und wobei der Aushub durch einen Bagger (12) ausgeführt wird, der auf dem Wasserfahrzeug (11) angeordnet ist.

5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Wand die Spundwand (9) eines Wasserreservoirs (10) bildet.

6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die hinzuzufügende Menge des Zeoliths 15 % der Menge des hinzugefügten Zement- und/oder Kalkvolumens ist.

7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Verdichtungsraum (2) eine im Wesentlichen vertikale erste Platte (13) oder ein im Wesentlichen vertikales plattenähnliches Profil und eine im Wesentlichen vertikale zweite Platte (14), die von der ersten Platte beabstandet ist, wobei sich die erste und die zweite Platte entlang einer im Wesentlichen horizontalen Wanderrichtungsachse (X) erstrecken, und eine im Wesentlichen vertikale dritte Platte (15), die an einem horizontalen Ende der ersten und der zweiten Platte angeordnet ist und sich im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu der ersten und der zweiten Platte erstreckt, umfasst, wobei die dritte Platte entlang der Wanderrichtungsachse beweglich ist, wobei ein Erdverdichtungsraum (16) durch die erste, die zweite und die dritte Platte begrenzt ist, wobei, wenn der Verdichtungsraum mit der Erdmischung (5) gefüllt wird, die dritte Platte entlang der Wanderrichtungsachse bewegt wird, um die Erdmischung in dem Erdverdichtungsraum zu verdichten.

8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei die dritte Platte durch eine Verdichtungsvorrichtung (17), die an den horizontalen Enden der ersten und der zweiten Platte befestigt ist, gegen die Erdmischung gepresst wird, wobei die Verdichtungsvorrichtung ein Verdichtungselement (20) umfasst, das entlang der Wanderrichtungsachse beweglich ist, um die dritte Platte gegen die Erdmischung zu pressen.

9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 2 oder 3, wobei die gelieferte Erde an dem Ort, an dem die Wand errichtet werden soll, oder seiner direkten Umgebung ausgehoben wird.

10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, wobei die Wand die Spundwand eines Wasserreservoirs (10) bildet.

11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei der Aushub durch einen Bagger (12) ausgeführt wird, der auf dem Wasserfahrzeug angeordnet ist.

12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei ein Bagger (12) verwendet wird, um die Oberfläche der Erdmischung in dem Erdverdichtungsraum (16) zu verdichten.

13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, wobei, wenn ein erstes Wandelement aus verdichteter Erde erzeugt worden ist, die erste, die zweite und die dritte Platte entlang der Wanderrichtungsachse zu einem Ort neben dem ersten Wandelement verschoben werden, um ein oder mehrere nachfolgende Wandelemente aus verdichteter Erde zu errichten, bis die gewünschte Wandgröße erreicht ist.

14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, wobei für das eine oder die mehreren nachfolgenden Wandelemente der Erdverdichtungsraum (16) durch die erste, die zweite und die dritte Platte und eine Seitenfläche (18) eines vorhergehenden Wandelements aus verdichteter Erde, wie z. B. eine Seitenfläche des ersten Wandelements, begrenzt ist.

Revendications

1. Procédé de création d'un mur formé de terre stabilisée (1) pour constituer une délimitation d'un réservoir d'eau (10), faisant emploi de terre disponible localement, le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à:

- amener de la terre à l'endroit où un élément de mur, qui doit devenir une partie du mur, doit être créé,

- créer un espace de compression (2) à l'endroit où l'élément de mur doit être créé,

ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre les étapes suivantes consistant à :

- disposer une quantité de terre dans l'espace de compression, où avant cet apport de la quantité de terre dans l'espace de compression pour créer l'élément de mur (6,7) la terre est mélangée dans un dispositif de mélange (3) pour obtenir un mélange de terre souhaité (5), dans lequel le mélange comprend l'addition d'un ou plusieurs additifs (4) souhaités en fonction des propriétés mécaniques et chimiques de la terre fournie, dans lequel pendant le mélange de la terre, on ajoute, en tant qu'additifs, du ciment et/ou de la chaux en une proportion de l'ordre de 5 à 10% du volume de la terre et ajoute comme l'un des additifs, et de la zéolite en une proportion de l'ordre de 10 à 20% de la quantité de volume de ciment et/ou de chaux ajoutée,

- compresser la terre dans l'espace de compression pour obtenir l'élément de mur (6, 7), l'élément de mur étant réalisé sous la forme d'un bloc, et la compression de la terre s'effectuant par vibrations et la force de compression utilisée étant comprise entre 10 et 200 kg/cm²,

- disposer l'élément de mur à l'endroit où le mur (1) doit être créé et compresser les éléments de mur (6, 8) suivants pour former des blocs et les disposer à proximité du premier élément de mur jusqu'à ce que la dimension du mur souhaitée soit atteinte.

2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les additifs comprennent des matériaux de renforcement, tels que des fibres, par exemple du chanvre ou du lin, ou des pouzzolanes, telles que des cendres volantes.

3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le dispositif de mélange (3) dans lequel le mélange a lieu est disposé sur une embarcation (11) flottant sur un réservoir d'eau à proximité de l'endroit où le mur doit être créé.

4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la terre amenée est excavée de l'endroit où le mur doit être créé ou à proximité directe de celui-ci, et dans lequel l'excavation est effectuée par une excavatrice (12) disposée sur l' embarcation (11).

5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le mur forme la palplanche (9) d'un réservoir d'eau (10).

6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la quantité de zéolite à ajouter est de 15% de la quantité de volume de ciment et/ou de chaux ajouté.

7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'espace de compression (2) comprend une première plaque sensiblement verticale (13) ou un profil en forme de plaque sensiblement vertical et une deuxième plaque sensiblement verticale (14), espacée de la première plaque, où la première et la deuxième plaque s'étendent le long d'un axe (X) de création de mur sensiblement horizontal, et une troisième plaque sensiblement verticale (15), disposée à une extrémité horizontale des première et deuxième plaques et s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement aux première et deuxième plaques, où la troisième plaque est mobile le long de l'axe de création de mur, dans lequel un espace de compression de terre (16) est délimité par les première, deuxième et troisième plaques, dans lequel, lorsque l'espace de compression est rempli avec le mélange de terre (5), la troisième plaque est déplacée le long de l'axe de création du mur pour compresser le mélange de terre dans l'espace de compression de la terre.

8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel la troisième plaque est compressée contre le mélange de terre par un dispositif de compression (17) fixé aux extrémités horizontales des première et deuxième plaques, dans lequel le dispositif de compression comprend un élément de compression (20) mobile le long de l'axe de création du mur pour compresser la troisième plaque contre le mélange de terre.

9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2 ou 3, dans lequel la terre fournie est excavée de l'endroit où le mur doit être créé ou d'une zone à proximité directe dudit endroit.

10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le mur forme la palplanche d'un réservoir d'eau (10).

11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel l'excavation est effectuée par une excavatrice (12) disposée sur l'embarcation.

12. Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel une excavatrice (12) est utilisée pour compresser la surface supérieure du mélange de terre dans l'espace de compression de la terre (16).

13. Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8, dans lequel, lorsqu'un premier élément de mur en terre compressée est créé, les première, deuxième et troisième plaques sont déplacées le long de l'axe de création du mur vers un emplacement proche du premier élément de mur pour créer un ou plusieurs éléments successifs de mur en terre compressée jusqu'à ce qu'une dimension souhaitée de mur soit obtenue.

14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, dans lequel, pour le ou les éléments de mur suivants, l'espace de compression de la terre (16) est délimité par la première, la deuxième et la troisième plaque, et une surface latérale (18) d'un élément de mur précédent de terre compressée, telle une surface latérale du premier élément de mur.

Drawing