(57) According to one embodiment, an active material including a monoclinic niobium-titanium
composite oxide is provided. In the active material, a portion of niobium (Nb) or
titanium (Ti) as a constituent element of Nb2TiO7 is substituted by an element. Here, the substitution of Nb or Ti satisfies any one
of following formulas (1) to (3):
Ti (IV) → 0.75M(V) + 0.25M(I) (1)
Ti (IV) → 0.6M(VI) + 0.4M(I) (2)
Nb (V) → 0.8M(VI) + 0.2M(I) (3),
where M(VI) is at least one of Mo and W, M(V) is at least one of Nb, Ta, and V, and
M(I) is at least one of Na, K, Rb, and Cs.
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