USE OF AN EMERGENCY ESCAPE TUNNEL

Description

[0001] The object of the invention is the use of an emergency escape tunnel in a multi-storey building, especially in a building with a centrally situated staircase and useable rooms surrounding it, used to evacuate people in case of fire hazard.

[0002] From the description of a German utility model DE 20 2005 019 255 U1 there is known a self-supporting structure of a fixed emergency escape tunnel designed for installation in already existing buildings where it is necessary to provide additional emergency escape routes. In order to limit the loads of the building, the known tunnel with an outline of an upturned letter U has a rectangular skeleton of steel section bars which is anchored to the substrate by means of inclined corner supports. The surface wall and the side walls of the tunnel are formed by plates of sheet steel which are externally covered with layers of a fire-resistant material. Furthermore, there are known emergency escape corridors or tunnels being integral and fixed elements of buildings with a centrally situated staircase and useable rooms surrounding it. There are commonly known shiftable communication tunnels, colloquially called jet bridges, which are used at airports for transferring passengers between airport buildings and airplanes and in the opposite direction. These tunnels are provided on mobile chassis units, have a skeleton type structure and are built of telescopically and also articulately interconnected segments with cuboidal outlines. Chassis units of airport tunnels are equipped with drives which enable them to move freely on the airport apron. In particular, from the description of the German utility model DE 20201975 U1, a stationary passenger boarding bridge is known in the form of a tunnel. A similar solution is known from the International Patent Application WO 2013/081538 A1.

[0003] In addition, US 1456478A discloses a callapsible structure, made up of telescopically overlapping tunnel segments that are connected to a basic stationary segment. The self-acting driver system of this known tunnel construction is equipped with a worm gear and a chain transmission associated with variable tunnel segments, with all driver members being located within the tunnel structure. In turn, International Patent Application WO 2016/024031 A1 presents a known drive system for three or four telescopic tunnel segments, which is intended for aircraft and watercraft boarding. In this known solution, individual tunnel segments have individual cable drives. Each of these drives is equipped with toothed rack and is coupled with the stop system shifting the tunnel segments KR20110019857 A discloses the use of an emergency escape tunnel in a multi-storey building, wherein the horizontally shiftable tunnel is equipped with a self-acting drive system and load-bearing skeleton, its side walls being covered with layers of a fire-resistant material, while the tunnel consists of telescopically overlapping segments, the ends of which are interlocked with cover flanges.

[0004] The invention is defined by the features of claim 1.

[0005] Over the segments of the tunnel there are horizontally spread two parallel and longitudinally shiftable rails. Each of the rails consists of a channel section guide bar and a drive toothed bar. The front ends of the rails are mounted to the front edge of the internal segment of the tunnel. Inside the rails there are provided fixed roller supports which are fastened to the walls of the staircase. The toothed bars of the rails mesh with the toothed wheels of the drive system which is placed within the staircase. Considering the possibility of an undesired contact with fire, the rear sections of the rails are surrounded by tubular shields made of a fire-resistant material and mounted on fixed roller supports. The drive system of the tunnel can have a form of a flexible tie rod without an end which is sunk in a channel formed in the floor of the building and spread parallel to the rails with the guide bars, the upper section of the tie rod being connected pointwise to the edge of the internal segment of the tunnel by means of a transversal driver. Preferably, the drive tie rod has a form of a leaf chain and the cross profile of the channel is narrowed upwards.

[0006] Thanks to the solution according to the invention, the emergency escape tunnel in its resting position is entirely hidden inside the staircase and therefore it does not block the space separating the staircase from the external walls of the building.

[0007] The object of the invention is visualised in the exemplary embodiment on the drawing where Fig.1 presents a vertical longitudinal section of a two-segment emergency escape tunnel in the resting position, Fig.2 - a vertical cross section of the tunnel according to Fig.1, Fig.3 - a vertical longitudinal section of the internal segment, Fig.4 - a vertical cross section of the internal segment, Fig.5 - a top view of the internal segment, Fig.6 - a vertical longitudinal section of the external segment, Fig.7 - a vertical cross section of the external segment, Fig.8 - a top view of the external segment, Fig.9 - a horizontal longitudinal section of the two-segment tunnel in the resting position, Fig.10 - a horizontal longitudinal section of this tunnel in the operating position, Fig.11 - a perspective view of an extended two-segment tunnel, Fig.12 - a perspective view of an extended three-segment tunnel, Fig.13 - a perspective view of the front part of the tunnel in the resting position, Fig.14 - a perspective view of the drive of the tunnel, Fig.15 - a cross section of a rail with a roller support, Fig.16 - a cross section of interlocked cover flanges, Fig.17 - a longitudinal section of a tunnel with a tie rod drive, Fig.18 - an enlarged cross section of the tie rod drive, and Fig. 19 - a perspective view of a tunnel with individual drives of traction wheels.

[0008] The emergency escape tunnel is formed in a multi-storey building with a centrally situated staircase 1 and an external wall 2 situated approximately 15 m away from it, the staircase 1 of the building being surrounded by useable rooms not shown on the drawing. In the solution presented on Fig.1, 2, 9, 10, 11, the tunnel consists of consists of two telescopically overlapping segments 3 and 4, the ends of which are interlocked with their cover flanges 5. In cases where the distance between the staircase 1 and the external wall 2 of the building is relatively small, the internal segment 4 alone can serve as the tunnel. If this distance definitely exceeds 15 m, then, according to Fig.12, a three-segment tunnel is employed in which between the external segment 3 and the internal segment 4 an intermediate segment 3a is provided. Each segment 3, 3a, 4 of the tunnel has a load-bearing skeleton 6 with an outline similar in the shape to an upturned letter U which is built of steel section bars of a rectangular shape. The upper wall 7 and the side walls 8 of the tunnel are covered with layers 9 of a fire-resistant material providing the tunnel with the required fire resistance. In turn, the skeleton 6 of each segment 3, 3a, 4 is built of lateral spaced frames 10 with an outline similar in shape to an downturned letter U. The adjacent frames 10 are permanently interconnected by means of slanted ties 11. On the lower edges of the skeleton 6 of the segments 3, 3a, 4 there are traction wheels 12. The tunnel has a self-acting drive system 13 and is horizontally shiftable in a space 14 formed between the staircase 1 and an external wall 2 of the building. In the resting position of the tunnel, the segments 3, 3a, 4 set one on another are situated within the staircase 1. In an operating position, the outlet section 15 of the internal segment 4 of the tunnel is introducted within an exit door 16 in the external wall 2 of the building so deep that the exit 17 of this segment of the tunnel being situated outside the building. The drive system 13 is provided within the staircase 1 and consists of a motor 18 and a transmission 19 with a two-part drive shaft 20 ended with a couple of toothed wheels 21. Over the segments 3, 3a, 4 of the tunnel there are horizontally spread two parallel and longitudinally shiftable rails 22. Each of them consists of a channel section guide bar 23 and a drive toothed bar 24. The front ends 25 of the rails 22 are fixed to the front edge 26 of the internal segment 4 of the tunnel by means of vertical supports 27. Inside the guide bars 23 there are immovably provided roller supports 28, mounted on the ends of the horizontal extensions 29, which are fixed by means of steel beams 30 to the walls of the staircase 1. The supports 28 are provided with turning rolls 28a on which the shifted rails 22 rest. The toothed bars 24 of the rails 22 mesh with the toothed wheels 21 of the drive system 13. The rear sections of the rails 22 are surrounded by the tubular shields 31 made of a fire-resistant material, particularly of gypsum boards, which are mounted on roller supports 28. The tunnel according to the invention can also be equipped with different drive systems which do not require to be engaged with the toothed bars 24 of the rails 22. One of the drive systems, presented on Fig. 17 and 18, has a form of a flexible tie rod 32 without an end which is sunk in the channel 33 formed in the floor 34 of the building and spread parallel to the rails 22 having no toothed bars 24. The upper section of the tie rod 32 is connected pointwise to the edge 26 of the internal segment 4 by means of the transversal driver 35. Most preferably, the tie rod 32 has a form of a leaf chain whereas the cross section of the channel 33 is narrowed upwards so that the floor 34 has safe surface. In the solution according to Fig.19, the drive system is a set of individual drives 36 which are coupled separately to the traction wheels 12 of the internal segment 4. Each individual drive 36 has its own electric motor, not shown on the drawing, which is powered by the current from the grid by means of a retractable cable. This motor can also be powered from batteries situated in the internal segment 4 of the tunnel. In another solution, not shown on the drawing, the particular traction wheels 12 of the segment 4 are coupled through chain transmissions to a common drive motor which is situated on the internal segment 4. If the smoke detectors not shown on the drawing detect fire hazard within the building, then the signals emitted from them will cause the motor 18 in the drive system 13 to self-activate. While rotating, the toothed wheels 21 through the toothed bars 24 cause a longitudinal shift of the rails 22 and of the related internal segment 4 which extends from the external segment 3 or the intermediate segment 3a and moves towards the wall 2 of the building. During this movement, the flange 5 of the internal segment 4 gets tightly interlocked with the flange 5 of the intermediate segment 3a or the external segment 3, pulling it behind itself towards the wall 2, the segments 3 and 4 or 3, 3a, 4 of the tunnel rolling on the floor 34 on their traction wheels 12. In the final phase of the movement of the segments 3 and 4 or 3, 3a, 4, the door 16 in the external wall 2 opens in the self-activation manner. The outlet section 15 of the internal segment 4 is introduced within the door 16 deeply enough to make the exit 17 of this segment go beyond the building. After the self-deactivation of the drive system, the rear section of the external segment 3 remains partly sunk in the staircase 1. While being immobilised in such positions, the segments 3 and 4 or 3, 3a, 4 of the tunnel make it possible to safely cross the open space 14 of the building and evacuate people from the fire hazard zone.

• Markings

[0009] 

• 1 - staircase
• 2 - building wall
• 3 - external segment
• 3a - intermediate segment
• 4 - internal segment
• 5 - cover flange
• 6 - skeleton
• 7 - upper wall
• 8 - side wall
• 9 - material layer
• 10 - skeleton frame
• 11 - slanted tie
• 12 - traction wheel
• 13 - drive system
• 14 - building space
• 15 - outlet section
• 16 - exit door
• 17 - exit
• 18 - motor
• 19 - transmission
• 20 - drive shaft
• 21 - toothed wheel
• 22 - rail
• 23 - guide bar
• 24 - toothed bar
• 25 - bar ending
• 26 - segment edge
• 27 - bar support
• 28 - roller support
• 28a - turning roller
• 29 - support extension
• 30 - beam
• 31 - tubular shield
• 32 - tie rod
• 33 - channel
• 34 - floor
• 35 - driver
• 36 - individual drive

Claims

1. Use of an emergency escape tunnel in a multi-storey building, especially in a building with a centrally situated staircase (1) and useable rooms surrounding it, wherein the tunnel is equipped with a self-acting drive system (13) and load-bearing skeleton (6) with an outline similar in shape to an downturned letter U, its upper wall (7) and side walls (8) being covered with layers (9) of a fire-resistant material, while the tunnel consists of two telescopically overlapping segments (3, 3a, 4), the ends of which are interlocked with cover flanges (5), and wherein an skeleton (6) of each segment (3, 3a, 4) is built of lateral spaced frames (10) with an outline similar in shape to an downturned letter U, the adjacent frames (10) being permanently interconnected by means of slanted ties (11) and on the lower edges of the skeleton (6) there are traction wheels (12),
wherein the tunnel is horizontally shiftable in a space (14) between the staircase (1) and an external wall (2) of the building, the tunnel being located in resting position within the staircase (1), wherein if smoke detectors detect fire hazard within the building, then signals emitted from them will cause a motor (18) in the drive system (13) to self-activate, and in an operating position an outlet section (15) of the tunnel is introducted within an exit door (16) in the external wall (2) of the building so deep that the exit (17) of the tunnel being situated outside the building and that deployed segments (3, 3a, 4) of the tunnel make it possible to safety cross the open space of the building and evacuate people from the fire hazard zone.

2. Use of an emergency escape tunnel according to claim 1, characterised in that over its segments (3, 3a, 4) there are two horizontally spread, parallel and longitudinally shiftable rails (22), each of which consists of a channel guide bar (23) and a drive toothed bar (24), and the front endings (25) of the rails (22) are fixed to the front edge (26) of the internal segment (4), there being permanent roller supports (28) provided inside the rails (23) and fixed to the walls of the staircase (1), whereas the toothed bars (24) of the rails (22) mesh with the tootled wheels (21) of the drive system (13) which is placed within the staircase (1).

3. Use of an emergency escape tunnel according to claim 2, characterised in that the rear sections of the rails (22) are surrounded by tubular shields (31) made of a fire-resistant material and mounted on fixed roller supports (28).

4. Use of an emergency escape tunnel according to claim 1, characterised in that its drive system is has a form of a flexible tie rod (32) without an end which is sunk in a channel (33) formed in the floor (34) of the building and spread parallel to the rails (22) with guide bars (23), the upper section of the tie rod (32) being connected pointwise to the edge (26) of the internal segment (4) of the tunnel by means of a transversal driver (35).

5. Use of an emergency escape tunnel according to claim 4, characterised in that the drive tie rod (32) has a form of a leaf chain whereas the cross profile of the channel (33) is narrowed upwards.

Ansprüche

1. Verwendung eines Evakuierungstunnels in einem Mehrgeschosshaus, insbesondere in einem Gebäude mit zentral angeordnetem Treppenhaus (1) und dieses umgebenden, nutzbaren Räumen, wo der Tunnel mit einem selbsttätigen Antriebssystem (13) und einem Traggerippe (6) ausgerüstet ist, dessen Kontur einem umgekehrten U ähnelt, und seine Oberwand (7) und Seitenwände (8) mit Schichten (9) aus feuerfestem Material verkleidet sind, wobei der Tunnel sich aus teleskopartig überlappenden Segmenten (3, 3a, 4) zusammensetzt, deren Enden mit Deckflanschen (5) verbunden sind und wo das Gerippe (6) eines jeden Segments (3, 3a, 4) aus lateral beabstandeten Rahmen (10) aufgebaut ist, deren Kontur einem umgekehrten U ähnelt, wobei die benachbarten Rahmen (10) mittels geneigter Anker (11) miteinander fest verbunden sind, und sich an unteren Kanten des Gerippes (6) Laufräder (12) befinden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Tunnel sich horizontal im Raum (14) zwischen dem Treppenhaus (1) und der Außenwand (2) des Gebäudes verschieben lässt, wobei der Tunnel in seiner Ruhestellung innerhalb des Treppenhauses (1) liegt, wo, falls die Rauchmelder eine Brandgefahr im Gebäude erkennen, die von ihnen ausgegebenen Signale einen selbständigen Start des Motors (18) im Antriebssystems (13) auslösen, und in der Betriebsstellung die Ausgangssektion (15) des Tunnels in die Ausgangstür (16) in der Außenwand (2) des Gebäudes so tief eingeführt wird, dass sich der Ausgang (17) des Tunnels außen am Gebäude befindet sowie, dass die ausgefahrenen Segmente (3, 3a, 4) des Tunnels eine sicheres Überqueren des offenen Raums im Gebäude und die Evakuierung von Menschen aus der Brandgefahrenzone ermöglichen.

2. Verwendung eines Rettungstunnels gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich über seinen Segmenten (3, 3a, 4) zwei sich horizontal erstreckende Schienen (22) befinden, die parallel sind und sich längs verschieben lassen, von denen jede aus einer Kanalführung (23) und einer Antriebs-Zahnstange (24) besteht, und die vorderen Enden (25) der Schienen (22) an der Vorderkante (26) eines internen Segments (4) befestigt sind, wobei sich innerhalb der Schienen (23) feste Rollenstützen (28) befinden, die an den Wänden des Treppenhauses (1) befestigt sind, während die Zahnstangen (24) der Schienen(22) mit Zahnrädern (21) des Antriebssystems (13) kämmen, das im Treppenhaus (1) angeordnet ist.

3. Verwendung eines Rettungstunnels gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die hinteren Sektionen der Schienen (22) von Rohrschildern (31) umgeben sind, die aus feuerfestem Material bestehen und auf festen Rollenstützen (28) befestigt sind.

4. Verwendung eines Rettungstunnels gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sein Antriebssystem die Form eines endlosen elastischen Zugtrums (32) hat, das in einem im Fußboden (34) des Gebäudes gebildeten Kanal (33) versenkt ist und sich parallel zu den Schienen (22) mit Führungen (23) erstreckt, wobei das Obertrum (32) punktuell mit der Kante (26) des internen Segments (4) des Tunnels mittels eines transversalen Antriebsgliedes (35) verbunden ist.

5. Verwendung eines Rettungstunnels gemäß Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Zugtrum (32) die Form einer Gelenkkette aufweist, während sich das Querprofil des Kanals (33) nach oben verjüngt.

Revendications

1. Utilisation du tunnel d'évacuation dans un bâtiment à plusieurs étages, en particulier dans un bâtiment avec une cage d'escalier central (1) et des pièces utilisables environnantes, où le tunnel est équipé d'un système de conduite automatique (13) et d'un squelette porteur (6) dont le contour a la forme d'une lettre U inversée et sa paroi supérieure (7) et ses parois latérales (8) sont recouvertes de couches (9) de matériel ignifuge, étant précisé que le tunnel est constitué des segments télescopiques se chevauchant (3, 3a, 4) dont les extrémités sont jointes avec des brides de recouvrement (5) et où le squelette (6) de chaque segment (3, 3a, 4) est constitué des cadres transversaux espacés (10) dont le contour a la forme d'une lettre U inversée, étant précisé que les cadres adjacents (10) sont reliés en permanence entre eux au moyen des brins inclinés (11) et sur les bords inférieurs du squelette (6) il y a des roues de traction (12), caractérisée en ce que le tunnel peut être déplacé horizontalement dans l'espace (14) entre la cage d'escalier (1) et le mur extérieur (2) du bâtiment, étant précisé que le tunnel en position de repos est situé à l'intérieur de la cage d'escalier (1) où, si les détecteurs de fumée détectent un risque d'incendie dans le bâtiment, les signaux émis par ceux-ci démarrent automatiquement le moteur (18) dans le système de conduite (13) et, en position opérationnelle, la section de sortie (15) du tunnel est insérée dans la porte de sortie (16) dans le mur extérieur (2) du bâtiment de manière suffisamment profonde pour que la sortie (17) du tunnel soit située à l'extérieur du bâtiment et que les segments espacés (3, 3a, 4) du tunnel permettent la traversée en toute sécurité de l'espace ouvert du bâtiment et l'évacuation des personnes de la zone de risque d'incendie.

2. Utilisation du tunnel de secours selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'au-dessus de ses segments (3, 3a, 4), il y a deux rails (22) parallèles et coulissants, se déplaçant longitudinalement, dont chacun est constitué d'un guidage de canal (23) et d'une crémaillère de conduite (24) et les extrémités avant (25) des rails (22) sont fixées au bord avant (26) du segment intérieur (4), étant précisé qu'à l'intérieur des rails (23) il y a des supports de rouleaux fixes (28) qui sont fixés aux murs de la cage d'escalier (1), tandis que les crémaillères (24) des rails (22) engrènent avec les roues dentées (21) du système de conduite (13) qui est situé dans la cage d'escalier (1).

3. Utilisation du tunnel de secours selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les parties arrière des rails (22) sont entourées de couvercles tubulaires (31) en matériau ignifuge et montées sur des supports de rouleaux fixes (28).

4. Utilisation du tunnel de secours selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que son système de conduite a la forme d'un brin flexible (32) sans fin qui est introduit dans le canal (33) formé dans le plancher (34) du bâtiment et s'étend parallèlement aux rails (22) avec des guidages (23), étant précisé que la partie supérieure du brin (32) est reliée ponctuellement au bord (26) du segment intérieur (4) du tunnel par un élément de conduite transversal (35).

5. Utilisation du tunnel de secours selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le brin de conduite (32) a la forme d'une chaîne à échelles multiples, tandis que le profilé transversal du canal (33) s'effile vers le haut.

Drawing