COMPENSATOR FOR DAMPING OR TENSIONING AND ACTIVE LENGTH COMPENSATION OF A SUPPLE PULLING MEANS

Abstract

 Compensator for damping or tensioning a supple pulling means (1) is laid open. The compensator is based on at least two rotors, which deflect the pulling means, wherein one of the rotors (10) rotates around a main axis (2), and wherein the other rotor (12) can swivel around it while rotating around a first axis (4) which is perpendicular to the main axis.

Description

[0001] The invention is related to a compensator for passive damping and tensioning or active length compensating a supple pulling means based on rotation bodies like sheaves.

[0002] United States Patent 9,321,617 B2 shows a compensator for tensioning an elongated body like a rope. The compensator is based on two pairs of sheaves which form two S-lines in the rope. The rope and the two pairs of sheaves and therefore also the two S-lines of the rope are located in a common vertical plane. If the tension in the rope falls, each pair of sheaves will swivel around a centre axis and each S-line of the rope will become deeper. As a result the rope is shortened.

[0003] United States Patents 4,760,992 and 4,846,446 each show a more compact damping device based only on one pair of sheaves which form just one S-line in a rope to be damped. The rope and the two sheaves and therefore also the S-line of the rope are also located in a common vertical plane. If the tension in the rope rises, the sheaves will swivel in the plane and the S-line of the rope will become more flat. As a result the rope is elongated.

[0004] The invention is based on the problem to create a compensator with rotation bodies for damping, tensioning or active length compensation of a supple pulling means, wherein the compensator is smaller and lighter in order to reduce losses by inertia.

[0005] A typical field of application can be found in hosting and pulling systems like cranes and winches in onshore and offshore.

[0006] This problem is solved by a compensator with the features of claim 1.

[0007] Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

[0008] The compensator according to the invention serves for damping high loads of a supple pulling means or for tensioning or length compensation the pulling means like wire, steel, cable, rope or chain. Therefore the pulling means is deflectable via an outer circumference of a first deflecting rotation body, which is rotatable around a main axis. A first swivelling rotation body is supported via a bridge and rotatable around a first axis of rotation. The pulling means is furthermore deflectable via an outer circumference of the first swivelling rotation body. The first axis of rotation is perpendicular to the main axis. During a rest state of the compensator the first axis of rotation rests relative to the main axis. In an operation state of the compensator the bridge together with the first axis of rotation and together with the first swivelling rotation body swivels around the first axis of rotation and thereby is tensioned via at least one elastic, passive or active compensating device or actor. In case of the elastic device sudden impacts on the pulling means or shock loads are minimized. A slack protection for the pulling means is realized. When an active compensating device or actor is used the length of the pulling means can be controlled. E.g. for motion compensation systems. In both cases the compensator according to the invention is smaller and lighter and losses by inertia are reduced.

[0009] The elastic device can be a passive or passive elastic component - for example a mechanical or gas spring - and an active drive - for example a hydraulic or electrical drive - for acceleration, deceleration and compensation of losses.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment the bridge has such dimensions, that a gap or distance is provided between the two axes during the rest state and during the operation state. The first axis of rotation never crosses the main axis and moves along an arc of a circle around the main axis during operation state.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment the first swivelling rotation body is positioned with respect to the first axis of rotation so that during the rest state and during the operation state a first connecting section of the pulling means is positioned and stained tangential with respect to the first swivelling rotation body and tangential with respect to the first deflecting rotation body.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment the compensator comprises a second deflecting rotation body which is rotatable around the main axis as well, wherein the pulling means is deflectable via an outer circumference of the second deflecting rotation body as well. Advantageously both deflecting rotation bodies have the same diameter or size.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment a diameter of the first swivelling rotation body corresponds to a distance between the two deflecting rotation bodies.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment a second swivelling rotation body is supported via the bridge and rotatable around a second axis of rotation, which is parallel to the first axis of rotation. The pulling means is deflectable via an outer circumference of the second swivelling rotation body as well.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment a respective diameter of the two swivelling rotation bodies and a distance between them or between the two axes of rotation is dimensioned such, that during the rest state and during the operation state a first connecting section of the pulling means is positioned and strained tangential with respect to the first swivelling rotation body and tangential with respect to the first deflecting rotation body. Furthermore a second connecting section of the pulling means is positioned and strained tangential with respect to the second swivelling rotation body and tangential with respect to the second deflecting rotation body.

[0016] The elastic device or actor can be linear.

[0017] The elastic device or actor can be rotating.

[0018] The elastic device or actor can be a combination of linear and rotating.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment the linear elastic device or actor comprises at least one hydraulic pulling cylinder linked to the bridge.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment the linear elastic device or actor comprises two hydraulic pulling cylinders being at an angle relative to each other and linked to the bridge. This allows a compensation of a gas curve by nature due to an engineered compensating kinematic geometry.

[0021] In another preferred embodiment the at least one pulling cylinder comprises is linked to the bridge at a coupling point, wherein an adjust cylinder is provided to adjust the coupling point. Thereby the damping torque of the swivelling bridge is adjustable. This allows an active compensation of a gas curve.

[0022] The elastic device or actor can be rotational and torque proof coupled to the bridge. The actor can be coupled to the bridge via a shaft, which is positioned along the main axis.

[0023] The rotational elastic device or actor can be electric, hydraulic or pneumatic. The rotational elastic device or actor can comprise a gear stage.

[0024] The rotational elastic device or actor can be hydraulic. Therefore it can comprise a hydraulic machine, which is connected to a hydraulic reservoir.

[0025] Each rotation body can be a sheave or a winch drum.

[0026] The compensator according to the invention can be completed as an actuator for the pulling means if the first deflecting rotation body is a winch drum, which can be driven hydraulically or electrically.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of this actuator the first swivelling rotation body and the winch drum are shiftable relative to each other along the main axis depending on windings of the first main section of the pulling means on the winch drum.

[0028] If the second deflecting rotation body is provided it can be shiftable together with the first swivelling rotation body along the main axis depending on the windings of the pulling means on the winch drum, which in this case is not shiftable.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the compensator for damping or tensioning according to the invention two main sections of the pulling means are parallel with respect to each other.

[0030] In a first version of this embodiment the two main sections extend in a common direction away from the compensator.

[0031] In a second version of this embodiment one of the main sections is deflected via a reverse rotation body so that the two main sections extend in different directions away from the compensator. This version can be force neutral and can be placed with minimal foundation forces. The reverse rotation body can be a reverse sheave.

[0032] In another preferred embodiment the two main sections of the pulling means are at an angle of about 90 degrees relative to each other.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment one of the two main sections is positioned in line with the main axis via two additional sheaves, wherein one of them is provided at the bridge and therefore can swivel around the main axis. The other additional sheave is tangential to the main axis and also can swivel.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment at least one additional deflecting rotation body is provided and rotatable around the main axis and positioned between the two deflecting rotation bodies. Furthermore several traction rotation bodies are rotatable around a traction axis, which is parallel to the main axis. The traction rotation bodies are driven by a motor. The traction rotation bodies can be traction winches.

[0035] As explained before the compensator according to the invention can be completed as a very compact actuator for the pulling means, if the first deflecting rotation body is a hoisting winch.

[0036] The compensator according to the invention can be also completed as an actuator for the pulling means, if one of the two main sections is connected to and wrapped around a hoisting winch. This hoisting winch does not replace one of the aforesaid rotation bodies.

[0037] If an (open) hydraulic system drives the hoisting winch the existing HPU can be (re)used to power the hydraulic system of the compensator as well.

[0038] The compensator according to the invention can be designed to be a mobile or modular unit.

[0039] Several embodiments of the compensator according to the invention are shown in the figures.

Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the compensator according to the invention in a perspective view,

Figure 2 shows the first embodiment of the compensator in a side view,

Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the compensator according to the invention in a side view,

Figure 4 shows the second embodiment of the compensator in a perspective view,

Figure 5 shows a crane comprising the second embodiment of the compensator according to the invention in a side view,

Figure 6 shows a third embodiment of the compensator according to the invention in a perspective view,

Figure 7 shows a fourth embodiment of the compensator according to the invention in a perspective view,

Figure 8 shows a fifth embodiment of the compensator according to the invention in a longitudinal section,

Figure 9 shows a sixth embodiment of the compensator according to the invention in a longitudinal section,

Figure 10 shows a seventh embodiment of the compensator according to the invention in a perspective view,

Figure 11 shows an eighth embodiment of the compensator according to the invention in a side view,

Figure 12 shows a ninth embodiment of the compensator according to the invention in a perspective view,

Figure 13 shows the ninth embodiment of the compensator in a side view,

Figure 14 shows a tenth embodiment of the compensator according to the invention in a perspective view,

Figure 15 shows an eleventh embodiment of the compensator according to the invention in a perspective view,

Figure 16 shows the eleventh embodiment of the compensator in a top view,

Figure 17 shows a twelfth embodiment of the compensator according to the invention in a perspective view,

Figure 18 shows a thirteenth embodiment of the compensator according to the invention in a perspective view,

Figure 19 shows a fourteenth embodiment of the compensator according to the invention in a top view, and

Figure 20 shows the fourteenth embodiment of the compensator in a perspective view.

[0040] Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the compensator for damping, tensioning or actively compensate length of a supple pulling means 1 which can be a steel cable or rope or chain or belt. The pulling means 1 can be made from steel or plastic or fibre or Dynema. The compensator can be used and installed for example in a marine or offshore environment where the heave motion of a vessel needs to be compensated in respect to another moving or stationary body (ship, seabed, rig or key side).

[0041] The compensator has a main axis 2 and a first axis of rotation 4 perpendicular to each other. The two axes 2, 4 do not cross each other neither in a rest state 6 or 8a nor in an operation states 8 of the compensator.

[0042] A first deflecting sheave 10 is rotatable around the main axis 2, and a first swivelling sheave 12 is rotatable around the first axis of rotation 4. In the rest state 6 of the compensator the pulling means 1 extends at about 180 degrees along the circumference of the first reflecting sheave 10 and at about 90 degrees along the circumference of the first swivelling sheave 12.

[0043] Figure 1 shows as an example five different positions of the first swivelling sheave 12 in the operation state 8 of the compensator. Thereby the distance between a first main section 14 and a second main section 16 of the supple pulling means 1 can be elongated, which means that the compensator can be used as a damping or length compensator.

[0044] Figure 2 shows the first embodiment according to figure 1 in a side view. A bridge 18 is rotatable around the main axis 2 and thereby carries the first swivelling sheave 12. By allowing the bridge 18 together with the first swivelling sheave 12 to rotate according to the damping direction 20 the pulling means 1 is elongated and damped. This is possible up to a damping end position 8a. In this position 8a the pulling means 1 touches the first deflecting sheave 10 only tangentially.

[0045] Figures 3 and 4 show a second embodiment of the compensator in its operation state 8, more precisely in its damping end position 8a. This damping end position 8a of the bridge 18 and the first swivelling sheave 12 can also be set actively. In this case the compensator is deactivated and does not stress the pulling means 1 with unnecessary deflections.

[0046] Figure 4 shows a basic difference between the first embodiment according to figures 1 and 2 compared to the second embodiment: A second deflecting sheave 24 is provided which allows the second main section 16 of the pulling means 1 to be arranged parallel with respect to the first main section 14. Furthermore the pulling means 1 is connected to the first swivelling sheave 12 at 180 degrees instead of 90 degrees.

[0047] Figure 5 shows a crane which is equipped with a compensator similar to the one shown in Figures 3 and 4. The first main section 14 of the pulling means 1 extends between the first deflecting sheave 10 of the compensator and a hoisting winch 26 of the crane. The second main section 16 of the pulling means 1 extends between the (not visible) second deflecting sheave 24 and a free end 28 of the pulling means 1, which is hanging vertically.

[0048] Due to the fact that there is an angle (about 45 degrees) between the two main sections 14, 16 the swivel range of the first swivelling sheave 12 in the damping direction 20 is less than 180 degrees. Furthermore the damping end position 8a of the first swivelling sheave 12 is in a nearly vertical position which corresponds to the nearly vertical direction of the second main section 16 of the pulling means 1.

[0049] Figure 6 shows a third embodiment of the compensator which is similar to the one shown in figure 5 and which is adapted for usage on a ship. The first main section 14 and the second main section 16 of the pulling means 1 again extend in different directions and thereby both are horizontal. Accordingly the first axis of rotation 4 is also horizontal and the main axis 2 is vertical.

[0050] Figure 7 shows a fourth embodiment of the compensator which is based on the embodiments shown in figures 3 to 6. Additionally a reverse sheave 30 is provided which can rotate around an additional axis of rotation 32. The additional axis of rotation 32 is parallel to the first axis of rotation 4. The second main section 16 of the pulling means 1 is returned via the reverse sheave 30. A part of the second main section 16 is close and parallel to a part of the first main section 14. Finally both main sections 14, 16 extend in opposite directions. Thereby the fourth embodiment is force neutral and can be placed and constructed with minimal foundation forces.

[0051] Figure 8 shows a fifths embodiment of a compensator which is basically similar to the one shown in figures 3, 4 and 6 in two different cutting planes. The first swivelling sheave 12, its pivot 34 and its first axis of rotation 4 are shown in a cutting plane, which is different from the main cutting plane. In the main cutting plane the following components are positioned: Main axis 2, a inner part of bridge 18, a rotatable shaft 36, both of the deflecting sheaves 10, 24 and a hydraulic machine 38, which is coupled to the shaft 36 via a gear stage 40. Since the bridge 18 is torque proof coupled to the shaft 36 the damped swivelling of the first swivelling sheave 12 is controlled by the hydraulic machine 38, which is part of the elastic or active device. The hydraulic machine 38 is used as a pump during swivelling from the rest state 6 in the damping direction and is used as a motor in the opposite direction back to the rest state 6. Instead of the hydraulic machine 38 an electrical machine M can be provided.

[0052] Both of the deflecting sheaves 10, 24 are freely rotatably mounted on the rotatable shaft 36.

[0053] Figure 9 shows a sixth embodiment of the compensator similar to the one shown in figure 8. The sixth embodiment hast the following differences compared to the fifth embodiment: Instead of rotating shaft 36 a fixed axle 136 is provided. Not only both of the deflecting sheaves 10, 24 but also the bridge 18 together with a gear-wheel of the gear stage 40 are mounted freely rotatable on the axle 136. The gear-wheel is directly fixed to the bridge 18.

[0054] Figure 10 shows a seventh embodiment of the compensator which is similar to the one shown in figures 3, 4 and 6. Only a small section of the bridge 18 is shown to which two pulling cylinders 42 are coupled via a joint 43. On the other side each pulling cylinder 42 is coupled on the grounding of the compensator. The pulling cylinders 42 are inclined and symmetrical to each other. Each joint 43 of the pulling cylinders 42 is designed so that the pulling cylinder 42 can freely tilt according to the arrows shown in figure 10. This way the kinematic geometry of the cylinder contruction in the system can be tuned towards the gas curve of the passive hydraulic accumulator.

[0055] Figure 11 is a schematically side view of an eight embodiment of the compensator with the first swivelling sheave 12 which can swivel via the bridge 18 around the main axis 2, and with at least one deflecting sheave 10. Similar to the embodiment according to figure 10 a pulling cylinder 42 is provided whose annular pressure chamber is connected to at least one hydraulic accumulator 44.

[0056] In order to adjust the damping or passive torque of the swivelling bridge 18 the coupling point 43 between cylinder 42 and bridge 18 can be shifted (radially) via an adjusting cylinder 46. Since the adjusting cylinder 46 has to create an adjusting force in both directions it has two pressure chambers and can be controlled via a valve 48.

[0057] Figures 12 and 13 show a ninth embodiment of a compensator. It has again two deflecting sheaves 10, 24 at a distance D relative to each other. At the bridge 18 two swivelling sheaves 12, 50 are provided rotatable around a respective axis of rotation 4, 52. The axes of rotation 4, 52 are parallel to each other. The two swivelling sheaves 12, 50 compensate the distance D. Therefore the bridge 18 is dimensioned and the swivelling sheaves 12, 50 are positioned on the respective axis of rotation 4, 52 such that a first connecting section 54 of the pulling means 1 is positioned and strained tangential with respect to the first swivelling sheave 12 and with respect to the first reflecting sheave 10. Accordingly a second connecting section 56 of the pulling means 1 is positioned and strained tangential with respect to the second swivelling sheave 50 and with respect to the second deflecting sheave 24.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment both of the deflecting sheaves 10, 24 and both of the swivelling sheaves 12, 50 are, although not necessarily, constructed identically. Allowing an angle between axis or rotation 4 and 52 allows different diamters for sheaves 10 and 24. Furthermore the bridge 18 and/or the complete compensator can be symmetrical.

[0059] Figure 14 shows a tenth embodiment of the compensator which includes an actor coupled to the first main section 14 of the pulling means 1. This actor is a winch drum 110 which provides the first deflecting rotation body of the compensator.

[0060] The compensator is designed with two swivelling sheaves 12, 50, whereby the first swivelling sheave 12 can be shifted parallel to the main axis 2 depending on the amount of windings of first main section 14 on the winch drum 110. Following the principle of a winch level winder. Thereby the first connecting section 54 of pulling means 1 can be kept always tangential to the winch drum 110.

[0061] Figure 15 shows an eleventh embodiment of the compensator. Compared to the tenth embodiment only the first swivelling sheave 12 is provided and can be shifted parallel to the main axis 2 depending on the amount of windings of first main section 14 on the winch drum 110. Thereby the first connecting section 54 of pulling means 1 can be kept always tangential to the winch drum 110.

[0062] First swivelling sheave 12 is bigger than those of the previous embodiment. Additionally the second deflection sheave 24 is also shiftable along the main axis 2. In more detail first swivelling sheave 12 and second deflecting sheave 24 will be shifted together depending on the amount of windings of first main section 14 in order to keep first connecting section 54 always tangential with respect to the winch drum 110.

[0063] Figure 16 shows basically the embodiment according to figure 15 in a top view. Additionally bridge 18 and the hydraulic machine 38 are shown which are torque proof connected. Hydraulic machine 38 corresponds to the ones shown in figures 8 and 9. Furthermore figure 16 shows a hydraulic motor 58 which drives the winch drum 110.

[0064] Figure 17 shows a twelfth embodiment of a compensator which is based on the first embodiment according to figures 1 and 2. Furthermore two additional sheaves 60, 62 are provided. In more detail the first additional sheave 60 is provided at the bridge 18 and therefore swivels together with the first swivelling sheave 12. The second additional sheave 62 also can swivel, but it always stays tangentially to the main axis 2. Thereby the second main section 16 of the pulling means 1 extends along the main axis 2 independent from the state (rest state 6 or operation state 8) of the compensator.

[0065] Figure 18 shows a thirteenth embodiment which is a combination of the compensator including the additional sheaves 60, 62 according to figure 17 and the winch drum 110 according to figure 14 to 16. As explained before the winch drum 110 is an actor for the first main section 14 of the pulling means 1. Thereby this embodiment is a combination of the compensator according to the invention and an actor. The one and only swivelling sheave 12 can be shifted depending on the amount of windings of the first main section 14 as explained before. Both of the additional sheaves 60, 62 correspond to those of figure 17.

[0066] Figures 19 and 20 show a fourteenth embodiment of the compensator installed between a hoisting winch 26 and a roller 64. Between the first deflecting sheave 10 and the second deflecting sheave 24 are two additional deflecting sheaves 66 provided which are also rotatable around the main axis 2. A traction axis 68 is arranged parallel to the main axis 2. Depending on the traction winch setup, but in this case three traction winches 70 are rotatable around the traction axis 68. The traction winches 70 are driven by an electrical or hydraulic machine M which is used as a motor in order to transmit a high traction force to the pulling means 1.

[0067] Figure 19 shows another electrical or hydraulic machine M coupled to the shaft 36, which corresponds to the electrical or hydraulic machines M of figures 8 and 9. More precisely this machine M is used as a generator when the swivelling sheave 12 swivels in the damping direction 20. The machine M is used as a motor when the swivelling sheave 12 is resetted to the rest state 6.

[0068] The damping end position 8a of the bridge 18 shown in figures 2, 3, 4, 12 and 13 can also be the rest state of the compensator if it is configured as a tensioning compensator. From this position operating positions can be reached by swivelling the bride in a direction opposite to the aforementioned damping direction 20.

[0069] A Compensator for damping or tensioning a supple pulling means is laid open. The compensator is based on at least two rotors or sheaves, which deflect the pulling means, wherein one of the rotors rotates around a main axis, and wherein the other rotor can swivel around the main axis.

Reference signs:

[0070] 

1

supple pulling means

2

main axis

4

first axis of rotation

6

rest state

8

operation state / damping state

8a

damping end position / rest state

10

first deflecting rotation body / first deflecting sheave

12

first swivelling rotation body / first swivelling sheave

14

first main section

16

second main section

18

bridge

20

damping direction

22

deactivated position

24

second deflecting rotation body / second deflecting sheave

26

hoisting winch

28

free end

30

reverse sheave

32

additional axis of rotation

34

pivot

36

shaft

38

hydraulic machine

40

gear stage

42

pulling cylinder

43

coupling point/joint

44

hydraulic accumulator

46

adjusting cylinder

48

valve

50

second swivelling rotation body / second swivelling sheave

52

second axis of rotation

54

first connecting section

56

second connecting section

58

hydraulic motor

60

first additional sheave

62

second additional sheave

64

roller

66

additional deflecting rotation body / additional deflecting sheave

68

traction axis

70

traction rotation bodies / traction winch

110

winch drum

136

axle

D

distance

M

electrical or hydraulic machine / electrical or hydraulic motor

Claims

1. Compensator for damping or tensioning or compensating length of a supple pulling means (1), which is deflectable via a first deflecting rotation body (10; 110) which is rotatable around a main axis (2), wherein a first swivelling rotation body (12) is supported via a bridge (18) and is rotatable around a first axis of rotation (4), wherein the pulling means is deflectable via the first swivelling rotation body (12), wherein the first axis of rotation (4) is perpendicular to the main axis (2), wherein during a rest state (6; 8a) of the compensator the first axis of rotation (4) rests relative to the main axis (2), and wherein in an operation state (8) of the compensator the bridge (18) swivels, together with the first axis of rotation (4) and the first swivelling rotation body (12), around the main axis (2) and thereby is tensioned via at least one elastic and / or active controlled device or actor.

2. Compensator according to claim 1, wherein a gap or distance is provided between the two axes (2, 4) during the rest state (6) und during the operation state (8).

3. Compensator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first swivelling rotation body (12) is positioned with respect to the first axis of rotation (4) so that during the rest state (6) and during the operation state (8) a first connecting section (54) of the pulling means (1) is arranged tangential with respect to the first swivelling rotation body (12) and tangential with respect to the first deflecting rotation body (10; 110).

4. Compensator according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a second deflecting rotation body (24) which is rotatable around the main axis (2), wherein the pulling means (1) is deflectable via the second deflecting rotation body (24).

5. Compensator according to claim 4, wherein a diameter of the first swivelling rotation body (12) corresponds to a distance (D) between the two deflecting rotation bodies (10, 24).

6. Compensator according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a second swivelling rotation body (50) is supported via the bridge (18) and rotatable around a second axis of rotation (52) parallel to the first axis of rotation (4), and wherein the pulling means (1) is deflectable via the second swivelling rotation body (50).

7. Compensator according to claim 6, wherein a respective diameter of the two swivelling rotation bodies (12; 50) and a distance between them or between the two axes of rotation (4, 52) is dimensioned such that during the rest state (6) and during the operation state (8) a first connecting section (54) of the pulling means (1) is arranged tangential with respect to the first swivelling rotation body (12) and tangential with respect to the first deflecting rotation body (10), and that a second connecting section (56) of the pulling means (1) is arranged tangential with respect to the second swivelling rotation body (50) and tangential with respect to the second deflecting rotation body (24).

8. Compensator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the elastic device or actor comprises at least one hydraulic pulling cylinder (42) coupled to the bridge (18).

9. Compensator according to claim 8, wherein the at least one hydraulic pulling cylinder (42) is coupled to the bridge (18) at a coupling point (43), which is adjustable via an adjust cylinder (46).

10. Compensator according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the elastic device or actor is rotational (38) and torque proof coupled to the bridge (18).

11. Compensator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first deflecting rotation body is a winch drum (110).

12. Compensator according to claim 11, wherein the first swivelling rotation body (12) is movable parallel to the main axis (2) depending on windings of the pulling means (1) on the winch drum (110).

13. Compensator according to claims 4 and 12, wherein the second deflecting rotation body (24) is movable along the main axis (2) depending on the windings of the pulling means (1) on the winch drum (110).

14. Compensator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein two main sections (14, 16) of the pulling means (1) are parallel with respect to each other.

15. Compensator according to claim 14, wherein both of the main sections (14, 16) extend in a common direction away from the compensator.

16. Compensator according to claim 14, wherein one of the main sections (16) is deflectable via a reverse rotation body (30) so that the main sections (14, 16) extend in different directions away from the compensator.

17. Compensator according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein two main sections (14, 16) of the pulling means (1) are at an angle of about 90 degrees relative to each other.

18. Compensator according to claim 17, wherein one of the main sections (16) is arranged in line with the main axis (2) via two additional sheaves (60, 62), one of the sheaves (60) being provided at the bridge (18).

19. Compensator according to claim 4 or 5, wherein at least one additional deflecting rotation body (66) is rotatable around the main axis (2) and arranged between the two deflecting rotation bodies (10, 24), wherein several traction rotation bodies (70) are rotatable around a traction axis (68) which is parallel to the main axis (2), and wherein the traction rotation bodies (70) are driven by a motor (M).

Drawing