Technical Field
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a storage-type hot water supply device.
Background Art
[0002] In a storage-type hot water supply device as represented by a heat pump-type hot
water supply device, conventionally a water-heating operation is performed by taking
hot water within a hot-water storage tank from a bottom portion of the hot-water storage
tank, and returning to a top portion of the hot-water storage tank hot water at a
high temperature obtained by passage through a heat pump-type heating means. Due to
such a water-heating operation, within the hot-water storage tank, the interior of
the hot-water storage tank stores hot water in a state in which the high temperature
hot water gradually forms a layer at the top portion (stratified storage of hot water).
In the storage-type hot water supply device, by use of multiple temperature sensors
arranged in the hot-water storage tank, a temperature distribution of the hot water
stored in the stratified state is acquired, and the accumulated heat amount in the
hot-water storage tank is estimated.
[0003] For example, Patent Literature 1 mentions an invention of a hot water storage system
(cogeneration system) that accurately estimates the accumulated heat amount (residual
hot water amount) within the hot-water storage tank. In this hot water storage system,
a temperature distribution between the temperature sensors is estimated by using a
multi-degree function derived from the production of hot water and the consumption
of hot water, and thus the accumulated heat amount within the hot-water storage tank
is estimated accurately.
Citation List
Patent Literature
[0004] Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent No.
5245807
Summary of Invention
Technical Problem
[0005] However, when accuracy of the temperature sensors (temperature detection accuracy)
is low, the estimated values of the temperature distribution are adversely affected,
and thus the invention mentioned in Patent Literature 1 suffers from inaccuracy in
the estimated accumulated heat amount. That is, the output values of the temperature
sensors installed in the hot-water storage tank are used for the temperatures serving
as standards when estimating the temperature distribution. Thus when the accuracy
of the temperature sensors is low, the estimated temperature distribution is inaccurate,
and the finally estimated accumulated heat amount is also inaccurate. Further, although
estimation is improved to a certain degree by installation of high accuracy temperature
sensors (high temperature detection accuracy), such installation suffers from increased
expense.
[0006] Thus technology is desired that is capable of accurately estimating the accumulated
heat amount within the hot-water storage tank while suppressing increased expense.
[0007] In order to solve the aforementioned problem, an object of the present disclosure
is to provide a storage-type hot water supply device capable of accurately estimating
the accumulated heat amount within the hot-water storage tank.
Solution to Problem
[0008] In order to attain the aforementioned objective, the storage-type hot water supply
device according to the present disclosure includes:
heating means for generating hot water;
a hot-water storage tank configured to receive the hot water generated by the heating
means at an upper portion of the hot-water storage tank and store hot water having
different temperature zones;
a plurality of temperature sensors spaced apart in a vertical direction of the hot-water
storage tank and configured to detect temperatures of the hot water stored in the
hot-water storage tank;
a pump configured to supply the hot water obtained from a lower portion of the hot-water
storage tank; and
a control device configured to control the heating means and the pump,
wherein the control device includes
control means for circulating through the hot-water storage tank the hot water supplied
from the pump and equalizing the temperatures of the hot water stored in the hot-water
storage tank, and
notification means for providing a notification of a temperature sensor that, among
the temperature sensors, detected an abnormal temperature in a state in which the
temperatures of the hot water are equalized by the control means.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
[0009] According to the storage-type hot water supply device of the present disclosure,
the temperatures of the hot water within the hot-water storage tank are equalized
by the control means, and in this equalized state, the temperature sensors detect
the same temperature. Thus if among the installed temperature sensors a temperature
sensor exists that detects an abnormal temperature, notification of the abnormality
can be provided. Further, when no notification is provided of an abnormality, or when
the temperature sensor detecting an abnormal temperature is replaced, the temperature
distribution of the hot water stored in the stratified state (hot water in different
temperature zones) can be accurately understood, thereby enabling accurate estimation
of the accumulated heat amount within the hot-water storage tank.
Brief Description of Drawings
[0010]
FIG. 1 illustrates configuration of a storage-type hot water supply device according
to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram for description of a connection structure of the storage-type
hot water supply device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing for description of a movement path of hot water during
a water-heating operation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic drawing for description of a movement path of hot water during
an equalizing operation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing illustrating an example of relationships of temperatures
acquired by temperature sensors; and
FIG. 6 is a block diagram for description of a connection structure of a storage-type
hot water supply device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
Description of Embodiments
[0011] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described below in detail with reference
to drawings. In the drawings used in the present disclosure, components that are the
same or equivalent are assigned the same reference sign. Further, the present disclosure
is not limited to the below listed embodiments, and various types of modifications
are possible within a scope that does not depart from the gist of the present disclosure.
Configuration of Storage-type Hot Water Supply Device
[0012] FIG. 1 illustrates configuration of a storage-type hot water supply device 1 according
to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The storage-type hot water supply device
1 is roughly divided into a hot-water storage unit 100 and a heat pump unit 200. The
storage-type hot water supply device 1 is connected to a bathtub 400 and a remote
controller 500.
[0013] The storage-type hot water supply device 1 accumulates in a hot-water storage tank
101 of the hot-water storage unit 100 hot water heated by the heat pump unit 200 that
is a heating means. The heat pump unit 200, for example, includes a compressor, a
water-cooling medium heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and an air heat exchanger.
These components are connected in a loop and form a refrigeration cycle circuit (cooling
medium circuit) for circulating the cooling medium.
[0014] The hot-water storage unit 100 is equipped mainly with the hot-water storage tank
101, temperature sensors 102 (102a to 102f), a circulation pump 103, switching valves
104 and 105, and a control device 300.
[0015] The temperature sensors 102 (102a to 102f) are arranged, spaced apart from each other,
in the vertical direction of the hot-water storage tank 101, and detect the temperatures
of the hot water stored in the stratified state (hot water of different temperature
zones) within the hot-water storage tank 101. As described below, the control device
300 understands a temperature distribution of the hot water within the hot-water storage
tank 101 on the basis of the temperatures detected by the temperature sensors 102.
Then the control device 300 estimates an accumulated heat amount within the hot-water
storage tank 101 on the basis of the understood temperature distribution.
[0016] During the water-heating operation, the circulation pump 103 supplies to the heat
pump unit 200 the hot water taken from the bottom portion (downward portion) of the
hot-water storage tank 101, and the hot water heated by the heat pump unit 200 returns
to the top portion (upward portion) of the hot-water storage tank 101. Further, during
an equalizing operation as described below (operation to cause equalization of temperatures
of the hot water within the hot-water storage tank 101), the circulation pump 103
returns the hot water taken from the bottom portion of the hot-water storage tank
101 to the top portion of the hot-water storage tank 101 without passing the hot water
through the heat pump unit 200.
[0017] The switching valve 104 is a three-way valve and is equipped with three inlet-outlet
water ports
a to
c. The inlet-outlet water port
a is connected to the heat pump unit 200 via the circulation pump 103 and a delivery
pipe 112 to a hear source unit. The inlet-outlet water port
b is connected to the bottom portion of the hot-water storage tank 101 through a tank
bottom water-intake pipe 111. The inlet-outlet water port
c is connected to the top portion of the hot-water storage tank 101.
[0018] A switching valve 105 is a four-way valve that is equipped with four inlet-outlet
water ports
a to
d. The inlet-outlet water port
a is connected to the bottom portion of the hot-water storage tank 101 via a tank bottom
portion water inlet pipe 115. The inlet-outlet water port
b is connected to the heat pump unit 200 via a return pipe 113 from the heat source
unit. The inlet-outlet water port c is connected to the top portion of the hot-water
storage tank 101 via a tank top portion water inlet pipe 114. The inlet-outlet water
port
d is connected to the delivery pipe 112 to the heat source unit via a heat source unit
bypass pipe 116.
[0019] Additionally, municipal tap water is supplied to the hot-water storage unit 100 via
a water supply terminal 121. The water supply terminal 121 is connected to inlet ports
of the mixing valves 122 and 123. The outlet port of the mixing valve 122 is connected
to a hot water supply terminal 125 via a flow rate sensor 124. The outlet port of
the mixing valve 123 is connected to the bathtub 400 via a solenoid valve 126. A bath
circulation pump 127 circulates the hot water of the bathtub 400. A water level sensor
128 detects a water level of the bathtub 400.
[0020] The control device 300 controls overall operation of the storage-type hot water supply
device 1. Further, the control device 300 is connected electrically to the remote
controller 500. Details of the control device 300 are described below.
[0021] The remote controller 500 is used by a user for operating the storage-type hot water
supply device 1 and for checking the operating state of the storage-type hot water
supply device 1. For example, a display, an operation unit, a speaker, and a microphone
may be mounted on the remote controller 500. For example, the operation unit receives
a user operation and transmits content of the operation to the control device 300.
Further, the display displays the operating state of the storage-type hot water supply
device 1 on the basis of information obtained from the control device 300. Upon detection
of an abnormality of the temperature sensor 102 in a below-described manner, the display
displays a message for providing notification of the abnormality. At this time, an
alarm sound may be output from the speaker. That is, notification of the abnormality
of the temperature sensor 102 is provided by the display and/or the speaker.
[0022] The following description of the storage-type hot water supply device 1 is mainly
centered on the control device 300. FIG. 2 is a block diagram for description of a
connection structure of the storage-type hot water supply device 1. As illustrated
in FIG. 2, the control device 300 performing control of the storage-type hot water
supply device 1 is configured to include a measurer 301, a calculator 302, a controller
303, and a memory 304.
[0023] The temperature sensors 102 (102a to 102f), the flow rate sensor 124, and the water
level sensor 128 are connected as inputs to the control device 300 configured in this
manner. The remote controller 500 is connected to the control device 300 as input-output.
Further, the heat pump unit 200, the circulation pump 103, and actuators of the switching
valves 104 and 105, the mixing valves 122 and 123, and the solenoid valve 126, or
the like are connected to the control device 300 as outputs.
[0024] The measurer 301 measures various amounts in accordance with information input from
the temperature sensors 102, the flow rate sensor 124, and the water level sensor
128.
[0025] The calculator 302 calculates a control operation on the basis of the various amounts
measured by the measurer 301. For example, the calculator 302 calculates the operation
of the heat pump unit 200 in accordance with the accumulated heat amount within the
hot-water storage tank 101. In addition, the calculator 302 performs a calculation
for detection of the abnormality of the temperature sensors 102 and/or a calculation
for obtaining a correction value for correction of the temperature sensors 102.
[0026] The controller 303, on the basis of the control operation calculated by the calculator
302, controls the heat pump unit 200, the circulation pump 103, and the actuators
of the switching valves 104 and 105, the mixing valves 122 and 123, the solenoid valve
126, or the like.
[0027] The memory 304 stores various types of information that are predetermined constants
and/or setting values transmitted from the remote controller 500. For example, upon
detection of the abnormality of the temperature sensor 102 as described below, the
memory 304 stores a correction formula that uses temperatures obtained from normally-operating
temperature sensors 102 for prediction of a temperature to be detected by the abnormal
temperature sensor 102. Upon obtaining of the correction value for correction of the
temperature sensor 102 in the below-described manner, the memory 304 also stores the
correction value. As may be required, the calculator 302 and/or the controller 303
can refer to the information stored in the memory 304 and can rewrite the information.
[0028] The measurer 301, the calculator 302, and the controller 303 configured in this manner
are formed, for example, by a microcomputer. The memory 304 is formed, for example,
from semiconductor memory.
Water-heating Operation
[0029] The water-heating operation of the storage-type hot water supply device 1 of the
embodiment of the present disclosure is described below. The control device 300 controls
the switching valves 104 and 105 in the below-described manner during the water-heating
operation.
[0030] For the switching valve 104, the control device 300 opens the inlet-outlet water
ports
a and
b, and blocks the inlet-outlet water port
c. Further, for the switching valve 105, the control device 300 opens the inlet-outlet
water ports
b and
c, and blocks the inlet-outlet water ports
a and
d.
[0031] In the state in which the switching valves 104 and 105 are controller in this manner,
the control device 300 causes operation of the circulation pump 103. Due to such operation,
as illustrated in FIG. 3, the hot water is introduced in turn from the bottom portion
of the hot-water storage tank 101 to the switching valve 104, the circulation pump
103, the heat pump unit 200, the switching valve 105, and the top portion of the hot-water
storage tank 101. The hot water taken from the bottom portion of the hot-water storage
tank 101 in this manner is heated by the heat pump unit 200 serving as the heating
means, and the control device 300 can send the heated hot water to the top portion
of the hot-water storage tank 101. Due to the water-heating operation performed in
this manner, the hot water within the hot-water storage tank 101 is stored in a stratified
state (stratified storage of hot water) with high temperature hot water at the top
portion.
Equalizing Operation
[0032] An equalizing operation is described below to equalize the temperatures of the hot
water stored in the stratified state within the hot-water storage tank 101 after the
water-heating operation performed in the above-described manner. The control device
300 controls the switching valves 104 and 105 in the below-described manner during
the equalizing operation.
[0033] For the switching valve 104, the control device 300 opens the inlet-outlet water
ports
a and
b, and blocks the inlet-outlet water port
c. Further, for the switching valve 105, the control device 300 opens the inlet-outlet
water ports
c and
d, and blocks the inlet-outlet water ports
a and
b.
[0034] In the state in which the switching valves 104 and 105 are controlled in this manner,
the control device 300 causes operation of the circulation pump 103. Due to such operation,
as illustrated in FIG. 4, the hot water is introduced in turn from the bottom portion
of the hot-water storage tank 101 to the switching valve 104, the circulation pump
103, the switching valve 105, and the top portion of the hot-water storage tank 101.
Due to the hot water taken from the bottom portion of the hot-water storage tank 101
circulating into the top portion of the hot-water storage tank 101 without passing
through the heat pump unit 200, the control device 300 can equalize the temperatures
of the hot water stored in the stratified state in the hot-water storage tank 101.
Notification of Abnormal Temperature Sensor
[0035] After execution of the aforementioned equalizing operation and temperatures of the
hot water within the hot-water storage tank 101 becoming the same temperature, the
control device 300 uses the temperature sensors 102 to measure the temperature of
the hot water. Here, the temperatures acquired respectively from the temperature sensors
102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102e, and 102f are taken to be Ta, Tb, Tc, Td, Te, and Tf.
[0036] The control device 300 (calculator 302) uses these temperatures Ta to Tf to calculate
an average value Tm of the acquired temperatures. Here, the control device 300 newly
calculates an average value T'm (trim average value) of temperature after removing
a temperature T' that has the largest deviation from the average value Tm.
[0037] When the deviation between the average value T'm and the temperature T' is outside
the guaranteed operational range of the temperature sensor 102 (larger than a reference
value), the temperature T' is determined to be an abnormal value, and the control
device 300 provides notification of the abnormal target temperature sensor 102 via
the connected remote controller 500. For example, the control device 300 controls
the remote controller 500, and causes the display of the remote controller 500 to
display a message indicating that the temperature sensor 102 is abnormal, or alternatively,
causes an alarm sound to be output from the speaker of the remote controller 500.
[0038] Due to the equalizing operation, the temperatures of the hot water within the hot-water
storage tank 101 are equalized, and the storage-type hot water supply device 1 detects
the same temperature for the temperature sensors 102a to 102f in this state. Due to
such operation, the temperature sensor 102 having greatly impaired accuracy among
the installed temperature sensors 102 can be detected, and thus notification of the
abnormality can be provided.
[0039] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of the relationships between the temperatures acquired
by the temperature sensors 102, in the case in which an abnormal temperature is acquired
by the temperature sensor 102c, that is to say, the case in which the temperature
Tc is equal to the temperature T'. That is to say, the control device 300 (calculator
302) firstly uses the temperatures Ta to Tf to calculate the average value Tm. Thereafter,
the control device 300 excludes the temperature Tc (equal to the temperature T') having
the largest deviation from the average value Tm, and calculates the average value
T'm (trim average value) using the remaining temperatures Ta, Tb, and Td to Tf. Then
in the case in which the deviation between the temperature Tc (equal to the temperature
T') and the average value T'm is not within the guaranteed operational range of the
temperature sensor 102, the control device 300 provides notification of the abnormality
of the temperature sensor 102c via the remote controller 500.
[0040] In the case in which an abnormal temperature sensor 102c is detected (notification
provided) in this manner, during the normal water-heating operation, the control device
300 (calculator 302) may obtain a substitute temperature ETc as a substitute for the
temperature Tc acquired from the temperature sensor 102c. For example, the control
device 300 may obtain the temperature to be properly detected by the temperature sensor
102c, that is, the substitute temperature ETc of the abnormal sensor, by using the
correction formula stored in the memory 304 and the temperatures acquired by the normally-operating
temperature sensors 102 (such as the temperature sensor 102b and 102d) at the periphery.
[0041] In this case, the temperature distribution of the hot water stored in the stratified
state within the hot-water storage tank 101 can be accurately understood by using
the substitute temperature ETc as a substitute for the temperature Tc acquired by
the temperature sensor 102c, and by using the temperatures Ta, Tb, and Td to Tf acquired
by the other temperature sensors 102, and thus the accumulated heat amount within
the hot-water storage tank 101 can be accurately estimated.
Correction of Temperature Sensor
[0042] Further, in the case in which an abnormality of the temperature sensors 102 is not
detected, or the case in which the detected abnormal temperature sensor 102 is replaced,
the control device 300 (calculator 302) corrects each of the temperature sensors 102a
to 102f in the below-described manner.
[0043] Taking the uncertainty of the temperature detected by the temperature sensors 102
to be
σ, an uncertainty
σ' of the average value of the temperatures detected by N temperature sensors 102 is
expressed by the below Formula 1.

[0044] Thus by using the uncertainty
σ' and the average value Tm of the temperatures after the equalizing operation, the
control device 300 (calculator 302) obtains the correction values for correction of
each of the temperatures Ta to Tf acquired by the temperature sensors 102a to 102f,
and thus the uncertainties of the temperatures detected by the temperature sensors
102 can be decreased. For example, in the case of correction of the temperature Ta
(temperature sensor 102a), the control device 300 obtains a correction value Aa by
the below-listed Formula 2.

[0045] The control device 300 obtains respectively the correction values Ab to Af by a similar
formula for the temperatures Tb to Tf (temperature sensors 102b to 102f).
[0046] The control device 300 stores in the memory 304 the correction values Aa to Af found
in this manner. The control device 300 uses the correction values Aa to Af to correct
respectively the temperatures Ta to Tf acquired by the temperature sensors 102a to
102f during the normal water-heating operation.
[0047] In this case, by using the correction values Aa to Af to correct Ta to Tf acquired
by the temperature sensors 102, the temperature distribution of the hot water stored
in the stratified state within the hot-water storage tank 101 can be accurately understood,
and thus the accumulated heat amount within the hot-water storage tank 101 can be
accurately estimated.
[0048] The aforementioned equalizing operation includes the possibility of decreasing the
amount of the hot water capable of use within the hot-water storage tank 101. Thus
the equalizing operation (notification and/or correction) envisions, for example,
execution as an initiating operation when the storage-type hot water supply device
1 is initially installed in a new operating environment and is started up. That is,
by execution of the equalizing operation as an initial operation, the accuracy of
the measurement function of the storage-type hot water supply device 1 can be improved
without loss of convenience for the user.
[0049] Further, in order to cause further improvement of the accuracy of the measurement
of the storage-type hot water supply device 1, the aforementioned temperature sensor
102 correction can be executed multiple times while repeating the aforementioned water-heating
operation and the aforementioned equalization operation. In this case, the correction
can be executed for each of the temperature zones, and the uncertainty of temperature
detection of the temperature sensors 102 can be further decreased.
[0050] Further, in the aforementioned embodiment, equalizing of temperatures is described
in which the circulation pump 103 is used to cause circulation of the hot water as
the equaling operation within the hot-water storage tank 101 without passage through
the heat pump unit 200. However, such operation is one example, and another method
may be used to cause equalization of the temperature of the hot water within the hot-water
storage tank 101. For example, the temperatures of the hot water within the hot-water
storage tank 101 may be equalized by pump operation, for example. That is, the equalizing
operation may be any operation that includes lowering the uncertainty of the detection
of the temperature sensors.
Other Embodiments
[0051] Although the aforementioned embodiment is described for a case in which the control
device 300 uses the remote controller 500 to report the abnormality of the temperature
sensor 102, the control device 300 side may be equipped with the alarm means.
[0052] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, a control device 310 for performing control
of the storage-type hot water supply device 1 is configured to include the measurer
301, the calculator 302, the controller 303, the memory 304, and the notifier 311.
Further, the measurer 301 through the memory 304 are configured in the same manner
as in the aforementioned control device 300 of FIG. 2, and thus description of such
components is omitted.
[0053] When an abnormality of the temperature sensor 102 is detected similarly to the above
description, the notifier 311 provides notification of the abnormality. For example,
when the notifier 311 includes the display and/or the speaker and the abnormality
of the temperature sensor 102 is detected, the notifier 311 performs actions such
as the display of a message, output of an alarm sound, or the like in order to provide
notification of the abnormality.
[0054] Also in this case, upon detection of a temperature sensor 102 having remarkable loss
of accuracy among the installed temperature sensors 102, the storage-type hot water
supply device 1 can provide notification of the abnormality.
[0055] A program for execution by the control devices 300 and 310 in the aforementioned
embodiments may be stored and distributed on a computer-readable recording medium
such as a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disc (DVD),
a magneto-optical (MO) disc, a USB memory, a memory card, or the like computer-readable
recording medium. Further, by installation of such a program on a specialized or general-purpose
computer, the computer can be made to function as the control devices 300 and 310
in the aforementioned embodiments.
[0056] Further, the aforementioned program may be stored beforehand on a disc device of
a server device on a communication network such as the Internet, and for example,
may be superimposed on a carrier wave for downloading to the computer. Further, the
aforementioned processing may be achieved also by executing while transferring the
program via a communication network. Further, part or the entire program may be executed
on a server device while information related to such processing is transmitted from
and received by the computer via a communication network.
[0057] Further, when the above-described functions are achieved partly by an operating system
(OS) or cooperatively with the OS and the application, the program other than the
OS may be stored on the above recording medium for distribution or may be downloaded
to the computer.
[0058] The foregoing describes some example embodiments for explanatory purposes. Although
the foregoing discussion has presented specific embodiments, persons skilled in the
art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from
the broader spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and
drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. This
detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope
of the invention is defined only by the included claims, along with the full range
of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
Industrial Applicability
[0059] The present disclosure can be used with advantage for a storage-type hot water supply
device used within a household or facility.
Reference Signs List
[0060]
- 1
- Storage-type hot water supply device
- 100
- Hot-water storage unit
- 101
- Hot-water storage tank
- 102 (102a to 102f)
- Temperature sensor
- 103
- Circulation pump
- 104, 105
- Switching valve
- 111
- Tank bottom water-intake pipe
- 112
- Delivery pipe to heat source unit
- 113
- Return pipe from heat source unit
- 114
- Tank top portion water inlet pipe
- 115
- Tank bottom portion water inlet pipe
- 116
- Heat source unit bypass pipe
- 121
- Water supply terminal
- 122, 123
- Mixing valve
- 124
- Flow rate sensor
- 125
- Hot water supply terminal
- 126
- Solenoid valve
- 127
- Bath circulation pump
- 128
- Water level sensor
- 200
- Heat pump unit
- 300, 310
- Control device
- 301
- Measurer
- 302
- Calculator
- 303
- Controller
- 304
- Memory
- 311
- Notifier
- 400
- Bathtub
- 500
- Remote controller