FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to a method of manufacturing an Al-Mg-Mn plate product. The
plate material can be used amongst others for civil engineering purposes like shipbuilding,
truck trailers, and silo construction.
BACK0GROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] For civil engineering purposes, for example shipbuilding, silo construction, and
pressure vessels, aluminium alloy plate materials of the AA5083-series are one of
the most widely applied aluminium alloys. This aluminium alloy provides a reasonable
balance of mechanical strength, good corrosion resistance, and weldability.
[0003] JP 2010 144186 A (FURUKAWA SKY ALUMINUM CORP) discloses a storage vessel made from such an alloy where
the manufacturing method requires a hot mill exit temperature of at least 340°C.
[0004] One of the preferred tempers is the H111 and involves hot rolling of the rolling
feedstock, optionally cold rolling to final gauge, annealing and moderate strain-hardening
by stretching or levelling.
[0005] There is a demand for Al-Mg-Mn plate material suitable for civil engineering purposes
that offers the possibility for down-gauging of the applied aluminium plate material.
This requires an increased strength of the plate material while maintaining a good
formability by reference to elongation and bendability, corrosion resistance, and
weldability.
[0006] It is an object of the invention to provide a method of manufacturing an Al-Mg-Mn
alloy plate product having a good balance of, in particular, strength, elongation
and bendability.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0007] As will be appreciated herein below, except as otherwise indicated, aluminium alloy
and temper designations refer to the Aluminium Association designations in Aluminum
Standards and Data and the Registration Records, as published by the Aluminium Association
in 2018 and are well known to the persons skilled in the art.
[0008] For any description of alloy compositions or preferred alloy compositions, all references
to percentages are by weight percent unless otherwise indicated.
[0009] The term "up to" and "up to about", as employed herein, explicitly includes, but
is not limited to, the possibility of zero weight-percent of the particular alloying
component to which it refers. For example, up to 0.1 % Cu may include an alloy having
no Cu.
[0010] As used herein, the term "about" when used to describe a compositional range or amount
of an alloying addition means that the actual amount of the alloying addition may
vary from the nominal intended amount due to factors such as standard processing variations
as understood by those skilled in the art.
[0011] This and other objects and further advantages are met or exceeded by the present
invention providing a method of manufacturing a hot-rolled Al-Mg-Mn alloy product
of 3 to 15 mm final gauge, the method comprising the steps, in that order, of:
(a) providing a rolling feedstock material of an aluminium alloy having a composition
comprising of, in wt.%,
Mg |
4.80% to 6.0%, |
Mn |
0.30% to 1.25%, |
Zn |
up to about 0.9%, preferably 0.30% to 0.9%, |
Fe |
up to about 0.40%, preferably up to about 0.30%, |
Si |
up to about 0.30%, preferably up to about 0.20%, |
Cu |
up to about 0.20%, preferably up to about 0.10%, |
Cr |
up to about 0.25%, |
Zr |
up to about 0.25%, |
Ti |
up to about 0.25%, preferably about 0.005% to 0.10%, |
unavoidable impurities each <0.05%, total <0.2%, balance aluminium;
(b) heating the rolling feedstock to a temperature in a range of about 480°C to 550°C;
(c) hot-rolling of the heated rolling feedstock in one or more rolling steps to a
hot-rolled plate having a final gauge in a range of 3 mm to 15 mm, and wherein the
hot-mill entry temperature is in a range of about 400°C to 550°C, and the hot-mill
exit temperature is in a range of about 130°C to 285°C; and wherein the hot rolling
of the rolling feedstock to final gauge is without cold rolling the rolling feedstock
prior to the final gauge;
(d) annealing of the hot-rolled plate at final gauge at an annealing temperature in
a range of about 300°C to 550°C; and
(e) cooling of the annealed hot-rolled plate at final gauge from annealing temperature
to ambient temperature. Next the cooled feedstock at final gauge is suitable for finishing
operations such as levelling or stretching to improve product flatness, edge-trimming
and slitting, and cut-to-length.
[0012] The method according to this invention allows for the production of Al-Mg-Mn-(Zn)
plate products having a tensile yield strength of at least 150 MPa, an ultimate tensile
strength of at least 310 MPa, and an elongation at fracture (A50) of at least 18%,
and with improved values are herein described and claimed. In addition, the method
allows for the production of AI-Mg-Mn-(Zn) plate products having a very good bendability
. In particular, it allows bending angles of 180° at bending radii of 4 times, and
preferably 3 times, and in the best example, 2 times the material thickness. The bendability
is an important parameter as it allows the shaping or forming of products using the
AI-Mg-Mn-(Zn) plate product into particular shapes. The mechanical properties have
been measured in accordance with DIN-EN-ISO 6892-1 (2016), and the bendability has
been measured in accordance with DIN-EN-ISO 7438 (2016). The plate products have a
good corrosion resistance and are fusion weldable by means of various fusion welding
techniques known in the art.
[0013] These properties are achieved in a more efficient manufacturing process as there
is no need of any cold rolling operation of the rolling feedstock to final gauge.
Down-gauging of the plate product is possible, offering weight saving opportunities
in a civil construction of a storage vessel, such as the hull of silos in a trailer,
truck, or container.
[0014] The method of the present invention can be operated more economically to provide
a plate product having better mechanical properties than AA5083-H111.
[0015] The AI-Mg-Mn-(Zn) alloy can be provided as an ingot or slab for fabrication into
rolling feedstock using casting techniques regular in the art for cast products, e.g.,
DC-casting, EMC-casting, EMS-casting, and preferably having an ingot thickness in
a range of about 220 mm or more, e.g. 400 mm, 500 mm or 600 mm. In another embodiment,
thin gauge slabs resulting from continuous casting, e.g., belt casters or roll casters,
also may be used, and having a thickness of up to about 40 mm. After casting the rolling
feedstock, the thick as-cast ingot is commonly scalped to remove segregation zones
near the cast surface of the ingot.
[0016] The heating, e.g., by homogenization and/or pre-heating, prior to hot rolling is
carried out at a temperature in the range of about 480°C to 550°C. In either case,
it decreases the segregation of alloying elements in the material as cast. In multiple
steps, the Zr, Cr and Mn can be intentionally precipitated to control the microstructure
of the hot mill exit feedstock. If the treatment is carried out below about 480°C,
the resultant homogenisation effect is inadequate. It is preferred to have a temperature
of more than 500°C. If the temperature is above about 550°C, eutectic melting might
occur resulting in undesirable pore formation. It has been found that a higher temperature
results in an increased elongation in the final plate product at a small trade-off
of the tensile yield strength. The preferred time of the above treatment is between
1 and 30 hours, for example, 8 hours or 18 hours.
[0017] In an embodiment, a separate homogenisation treatment is performed prior to pre-heating
or heating the rolling feedstock. The homogenisation treatment is performed in a temperature
range of 480°C to 550°C. The soaking time at the homogenisation temperature is preferably
between 1 and 30 hours.
[0018] Commonly, a pre-heat refers to the heating of an ingot to a set temperature and soaking
at this temperature for a set time followed by the start of the hot rolling at that
temperature. Homogenisation refers to a heating and cooling cycle applied to a rolling
ingot in which the final temperature after homogenisation is ambient temperature.
[0019] In the embodiment of process step (b) where solely a heating of pre-heating is performed
without a separate prior homogenisation treatment, then it is preferred that the heating
or pre-heating is performed at a temperature in the range of about 480°C to 550°C.
Further, it is preferred to have a set temperature of more than 500°C.
[0020] In the embodiment of process step (b) where a homogenization treatment is performed
prior to the pre-heat, the pre-heat temperature is then set in a range of 400°C to
550°C. It is preferred that the pre-heat temperature is in a range of 480°C to 550°C,
and preferably above 500°C, followed by the start of the hot rolling process at that
temperature.
[0021] However, it is possible to pre-heat the already homogenized rolling feedstock to
a set temperature in a range of 400°C to 480°C, preferably 430°C to 480°C, followed
by the start of the hot rolling process at that temperature. As the rolling feedstock
has been homogenized, it has been subjected to at least one process step of heating
to a temperature in a range of about 480°C to 550°C, even when the pre-heat temperature
is set at a lower temperature followed by the start of the hot rolling process at
that temperature.
[0022] The first hot rolling step begins while the heated or pre-heated feedstock is at
a temperature in the range of about 400°C to 550°C, preferably about 480°C to 550°C,
and is more preferably above about 500°C.
[0023] In an embodiment, in the first hot rolling operation of the preheated feedstock at
the defined temperature, it is subjected to breakdown hot rolling in one or more passes
using reversing or non-reversing mill stands that serve to reduce the thickness of
the feedstock to a gauge range of 15 to 40 mm, and preferably of 15 to 30 mm, and
more preferably of 15 to 25 mm. The breakdown rolling starts at about 400°C to 550°C,
preferably at about 480°C to 550°C, and more preferably at a temperature of about
500°C or more. Preferably, the hot-mill process temperature should be controlled such
that after the last rolling pass the hot-mill exit temperature of the feedstock is
in a range of about 370°C to 495°C. A more preferred lower-limit is about 400°C. A
more preferred upper-limit is about 465°C.
[0024] Next after breakdown hot-rolling, the feedstock is supplied to a mill for hot finishing
rolling in one or more passes to a final gauge in the range of 3 to 15 mm, preferably
3 to 10 mm, for example 4 mm or 5 mm. The hot finishing rolling operation can be done,
for example, using a reverse mill or a tandem mill. The temperature of the hot rolled
feedstock when the feedstock is inputted into the mill for hot finishing rolling is
maintained preferably at a temperature of about 370°C to 495°C. A more preferred lower-limit
is about 400°C. A more preferred upper-limit is about 465°C.
[0025] Control of the hot-mill exit temperature of the rolled feedstock is important to
arrive at the desired balance of metallurgical and mechanical properties, and the
hot-mill temperature should be controlled such that after the last rolling pass upon
leaving the hot-mill, the hot-mill exit temperature of the rolling feedstock is in
a range of about 130°C to 285°C. A preferred lower-limit is about 150°C, and more
preferably about 175°C. A preferred upper-limit is about 275°C, and more preferably
about 250°C, and more preferably about 235°C. At a too low exit-temperature of the
rolling feedstock, the strength and the hardness of the final plate product will be
too high. A too low exit-temperature will also adversely affect the coiling behavior
of the feedstock following the hot-rolling operation as well as in a subsequent finishing
operation. Whereas at too high exit-temperatures, at least the strength and hardness
of the feedstock will be too low and provide an unfavorable balance of properties.
[0026] In an embodiment following the last hot-rolling step, the hot-rolled feedstock at
final gauge is cooled to ambient temperature.
[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the hot-rolled feedstock at final gauge is cooled from
hot-mill exit-temperature to ambient temperature by immediately coiling of the hot-rolled
feedstock and allowing the coil to cool, preferably by means of air cooling, in an
ambient environment to ambient temperature and stored.
[0028] It is an important aspect of the invention that the hot rolling of the rolling feedstock
to final gauge is without cold rolling the rolling feedstock prior to the final gauge.
[0029] Following the hot-rolling operation, the plate material at final gauge is annealed
at a temperature in a range of about 300°C to 550°C, for example about 400°C or 410°C.
A preferred lower limit for the annealing temperature is about 360°C and more preferably
about 380°C. A preferred upper limit for the annealing temperature is about 450°C,
and more preferably about 430°C. The annealing operation results in particular to
an increase in the elongation at fracture of the plate product.
[0030] In an embodiment, the plate material is being annealed coiled condition. Commonly,
such an annealing operation is performed by placing one or more coils of ambient temperature
in a furnace at a temperature of about 300°C to 550°C. As the heating-up of coiled
material is relatively slow, the coiled plate material is placed in the annealing
furnace for about 1 to 10 hours soak time, preferably about 1 to 8 hours, and more
preferably for about 1 to 6 hours, and subsequently removed from the annealing furnace
and allowed to cool in an ambient environment to ambient temperature and stored.
[0031] In another embodiment, the plate material is being annealed as individual plate material
of limited length, for example, 6 or 10 meters. Commonly, such an annealing operation
is performed by placing a single or multiple plates of ambient temperature in an annealing
furnace at a soak temperature of about 300°C to 550°C. As the heating-up of individual
plate material is relatively fast, the plate material is placed in the pre-heated
annealing furnace for about 10 to 90 minutes soak time, preferably about 10 to 60
minutes, and subsequently removed from the annealing furnace and allowed to cool in
an ambient environment to ambient temperature and stored. The faster heat-up rate
in this embodiment is preferred over coil annealing as it provides a desired increase
in elongation at fracture of the final plate material.
[0032] Following the annealing step, the annealed hot-rolled plate at final gauge is cooled
from annealing temperature to ambient temperature and stored. Next, the cooled plate
material at final gauge is suitable for finishing operations such as levelling in
case of coiled plate material or stretching (typically up to about 1.5%) in case of
individual plate material to improve product flatness, edge-trimming and slitting,
and cut-to-length.
[0033] The careful control of the hot-rolling process and annealing and cooling to ambient
temperature results in an Al-Mg-Mn-(Zn) plate product having a fully recrystallized
microstructure and providing the required balance of properties. With fully recrystallized,
it is meant that the degree of recrystallization of the microstructure is more than
about 75%, preferably more than about 80%, and more preferably not more than 90%.
[0034] In the aluminium alloy product manufactured in accordance with the method of the
invention, the Mg-content should be in a range of about 4.80% to 6.0% and forms the
primary strengthening element of the alloy. A preferred lower limit for the Mg-content
is about 5.0%, and more preferably about 5.1%, to provide increased strength. A preferred
upper limit for the Mg-content is about 5.8%.
[0035] The Mn-content should be in the range of about 0.30% to 1.25% and is another essential
alloying element. A preferred upper-limit for the Mn-content is about 1.1%, and more
preferably about 0.9%, to provide a balance in strength and bendability. A preferred
lower-limit for the Mn-content is about 0.5%, and more preferably about 0.55%.
[0036] The Zn-content is up to 0.9%. In a preferred embodiment, the Zn-content should be
in the range of 0.30% to 0.9% and is then another essential alloying element to provide
the required strength, elongation and corrosion resistance.
[0037] To control the microstructure of the final product, next to the addition of Mn, it
is preferred to have a purposive addition of either Cr or Zr each up to about 0.25%
as dispersoid-forming elements, whereby the addition of Zr is preferred. A preferred
addition of Zr is in a range of about 0.05% to 0.25%, and more preferably of about
0.05% to 0.20%. When Zr is added purposively, it is then preferred that the Cr level
does not exceed 0.1%, and is preferably less than about 0.05%.
[0038] Fe is a common impurity in aluminium alloys and should not exceed 0.40%. For highly
demanding applications, the content should not exceed 0.30%, and preferably it does
not exceed 0.25%.
[0039] In addition, Si is a common impurity in aluminium alloys and should not exceed 0.30%.
For highly demanding applications, the content should not exceed 0.25%, and preferably
it does not exceed 0.20%.
[0040] Cu may have an adverse effect on the corrosion resistance of the aluminium alloy,
and its content should not exceed 0.20%, and preferably, it does not exceed 0.10%.
[0041] Ti is important as a grain refiner during solidification of both ingots and welded
joints produced using the hot-rolled aluminium alloy plate product of the invention.
Ti levels should not exceed about 0.25%, and the preferred range for Ti is about 0.005%
to 0.10%. Ti can be added as a sole element or with either boron or carbon serving
as a casting aid for grain size control.
[0042] In an embodiment of the invention the Al-Mg-Mn-Zn alloy product consists of, in wt.%:
Mg 4.80% to 6.0%, Mn 0.30% to 1.25%, Zn up to 0.9%, Fe up to 0.40%, Si up to 0.30%,
Cu up to 0.20%, Cr up to 0.25%, Zr up to 0.25%, Ti up to 0.25%, unavoidable impurities
each <0.05%, total <0.2%, balance aluminium; and with preferred narrower compositional
ranges as herein described and claimed.
[0043] The method according to this invention enables the production of Al-Mg-Mn-(Zn) plate
material having a composition as herein described and claimed and having in a gauge
range of 3 mm to 15 mm, preferably 3 mm to 10 mm, a tensile yield strength in the
LT-direction of at least 150 MPa, preferably of at least 160 MPa, and more preferably
of at least 170 MPa. The ultimate tensile strength in the LT-direction is at least
310 MPa, and preferably at least 320 MPa, and more preferably at least 330 MPa. The
elongation at fracture (A50) is at least 18%, preferably at least 20%, and more preferably
at least 22%. In an embodiment, the elongation at fracture (A50) does not exceed 35%.
In addition, the method allows for the production of Al-Mg-Mn-(Zn) plate products
having a very good bendability. In particular it allows bending angles of 180° at
bending radii of 4 times, and preferably 3 times, and in the best examples 2 times
the material thickness.
[0044] The plate material at final gauge obtained by the method according to this invention
is an ideal candidate for use in civil constructions such as vessels for transporting
goods, storage vessels like the hull of a silo in a trailer, truck, or container.
[0045] The invention will now be illustrated with reference to non-limiting embodiments
according to the invention.
Example 1.
[0046] On an industrial scale of processing rolling ingots of 600 mm thickness have been
DC-cast of an AIMgMn alloy, and subsequently scalped, preheated for 10 hours at about
505°C, hot rolled using an entry temperature of about 505°C and then hot rolled to
4 mm final gauge. Two different hot-mill exit temperature were applied, namely Ingot
A was 225°C (invention) and Ingot B was 295°C (comparative). The hot-rolled plates
were not cold rolled. Upon leaving the hot-mill the plate materials were immediately
coiled and allowed to cool to ambient temperature in an ambient environment. The coils
were then cut-to-length and the resultant plate materials were annealed by soaking
for about 25 minutes at about 400°C. After cooling to room temperature the plates
were stretched and measured for their mechanical properties in accordance with DIN-EN-ISO
6892-1 (2016). The results are listed in Table 1.
[0047] The aluminium alloy consisted of 5.3% Mg, 0.8% Mn, 0.45% Zn, 0.1% Zr, 0.1% Fe, 0.08%
Si, 0.01% Cu, 0.02% Ti, balance impurities and aluminium.
Table 1. Mechanical properties.
Ingot |
Hot-mill entry |
Hot-mill exit |
YS [MPa] |
UTS [MPa] |
A50 [%] |
A |
505°C |
225°C |
177 |
333 |
24.5 |
B |
505°C |
295°C |
174 |
335 |
17.0 |
[0048] From the results of Table 1, it can be seen that a careful control of the hot-mill
exit temperature in accordance with the invention (Ingot A) while keeping the other
processing parameters the same results in a hot-rolled plate material having in the
annealed condition a significantly increased elongation.
[0049] The invention is not limited to the embodiments described before, which may be varied
widely within the scope of the invention as defined by the appending claims.
1. A method of manufacturing a rolled aluminium-magnesium-manganese alloy plate product
comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a rolling feedstock material of an Al-Mg-Mn alloy having a composition
comprising of, in wt.%,
Mg |
4.80% to 6.0%, |
Mn |
0.30% to 1.25%, |
Zn |
up to 0.9%, |
Fe |
up to 0.40%, |
Si |
up to 0.30%, |
Cu |
up to 0.20%, |
Cr |
up to 0.25%, |
Zr |
up to 0.25%, |
Ti |
up to 0.25%, |
unavoidable impurities each <0.05%, total <0.2%, balance aluminium;
(b) heating the rolling feedstock to a temperature in a range of 480°C to 550°C;
(c) hot-rolling of the heated rolling feedstock in one or more rolling steps to a
hot-rolled plate having a final gauge in a range of 3 mm to 15 mm, and wherein the
hot-mill entry temperature is in a range of 400°C to 550°C, and the hot-mill exit
temperature is in a range of 130°C to 285°C; and wherein the hot rolling of the rolling
feedstock to final gauge is without cold rolling the rolling feedstock prior to the
final gauge;
(d) annealing of the hot-rolled plate at final gauge at an annealing temperature in
a range of 300°C to 550°C; and
(e) cooling of the annealed hot-rolled plate at final gauge from annealing temperature
to ambient temperature.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the hot-rolled plate at final gauge is coiled
upon exiting the hot-mill.
3. Method according to claim 1, wherein the hot-rolled plate at final gauge is coiled
upon exiting the hot-mill and cooled to ambient temperature prior to the annealing
step.
4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein during step (c) the hot-mill
exit-temperature is in a range of 130°C to 250°C, preferably in a range of 175°C to
250°C.
5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the annealing is by annealing
coiled hot-rolled plate for 1 to 8 hours, preferably 1 to 6 hours, at temperature
in a range of 300°C to 550°C.
6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the annealing is by annealing
the hot-rolled plate for 10 to 90 minutes at a temperature in a range of 300°C to
550°C.
7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the annealing temperature is
in a range of 300°C to 450°C.
8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the aluminium alloy has a Zn-content
in a range of 0.30% to 0.9%.
9. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the aluminium alloy has a Mn-content
of at most 1.1 %, and preferably of at most 0.90%.
10. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the aluminium alloy has a Mg-content
of at least 5.0%, and preferably of at least 5.10%.
11. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the aluminium alloy has a Zr-content
in a range of 0.05% to 0.25%.
12. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the hot-rolled and annealed
plate at final gauge has an elongation at fracture (A50) of at least 20%, and preferably
of at least 22%.
13. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the hot-rolled and annealed
plate at final gauge has a tensile yield strength of at least 150 MPa, and preferably
at least 160 MPa.
14. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the hot-rolled feedstock and
annealed plate at final gauge has an ultimate tensile strength of at least 310 MPa,
and preferably at least 320 MPa.
15. Use of an aluminium alloy plate obtained by the method according to any one of claims
1 to 14 in a storage vessel, preferably the hull of a silo.
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gewalzten Blechprodukts aus Aluminium-Magnesium-Mangan-Legierung,
das die folgenden Schritte aufweist:
(a) Bereitstellen eines Walz-Ausgangsmaterials aus einer Al-Mg-Mn-Legierung mit einer
Zusammensetzung, die in Gew.-% umfasst,
Mg |
4,80% bis 6,0%, |
Mn |
0,30% bis 1,25% |
Zn |
bis zu 0,9% |
Fe |
bis zu 0,40% |
Si |
bis zu 0,30% |
Cu |
bis zu 0,20% |
Cr |
bis zu 0,25% |
Zr |
bis zu 0,25% |
Ti |
bis zu 0,25% |
unvermeidlichen Verunreinigungen je <0,05%, insgesamt <0,2%, Rest Aluminium;
(b) Erwärmen des Walz-Ausgangsmaterials auf eine Temperatur in einem Bereich von 480°C
bis 550°C;
(c) Warmwalzen des erwärmten Walz-Ausgangsmaterials in einem oder mehreren Walzschritten
zu einem warmgewalzten Blech mit einer Enddicke in einem Bereich von 3 mm bis 15 mm,
und wobei die Warmwalzwerk-Eintrittstemperatur in einem Bereich von 400°C bis 550°C
liegt, und die Warmwalzwerk-Austrittstemperatur in einem Bereich von 130°C bis 285°C
liegt; und wobei das Warmwalzen des Walz-Ausgangsmaterials auf Enddicke ohne Kaltwalzen
des Walz-Ausgangsmaterials vor der Enddicke erfolgt;
(d) Glühen des warmgewalzten Blechs in Enddicke bei einer Glühtemperatur in einem
Bereich von 300°C bis 550°C; und
(e) Kühlen des geglühten warmgewalzten Blechs in Enddicke von der Glühtemperatur auf
Umgebungstemperatur.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das warmgewalzte Blech in Enddicke nach dem Austritt
aus dem Warmwalzwerk aufgewickelt wird.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das warmgewalzte Blech in Enddicke nach dem Austritt
aus dem Warmwalzwerk aufgewickelt und vor dem Glühschritt auf Umgebungstemperatur
gekühlt wird.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei während des Schritts (c) die Warmwalzwerk-Austrittstemperatur
in einem Bereich von 130°C bis 250°C liegt, vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 175°C
bis 250°C.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Glühen durch Glühen des aufgewickelten
warmgewalzten Blechs für 1 bis 8 Stunden, vorzugsweise 1 bis 6 Stunden, bei einer
Temperatur in einem Bereich von 300°C bis 550°C erfolgt.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Glühen durch Glühen des warmgewalzten
Blechs für 10 bis 90 Minuten bei einer Temperatur in einem Bereich von 300°C bis 550°C
erfolgt.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Glühtemperatur in einem Bereich
von 300°C bis 450°C liegt.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei die Aluminiumlegierung einen Zn-Gehalt
in einem Bereich von 0,30% bis 0,9% hat.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die Aluminiumlegierung einen Mn-Gehalt
von höchstens 1,1 %, und vorzugsweise von höchstens 0,90% hat.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei die Aluminiumlegierung einen Mg-Gehalt
von mindestens 5,0%, und vorzugsweise von mindestens 5,10% hat.
11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei die Aluminiumlegierung einen Zr-Gehalt
in einem Bereich von 0,05% bis 0,25% hat.
12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei das warmgewalzte und geglühte Blech
in Enddicke eine Bruchdehnung (A50) von mindestens 20%, und vorzugsweise von mindestens
22% hat.
13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei das warmgewalzte und geglühte Blech
in Enddicke eine Streckgrenze von mindestens 150 MPa, und vorzugsweise mindestens
160 MPa hat.
14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei das warmgewalzte Ausgangsmaterial
und das geglühte Blech in Enddicke eine Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 310 MPa, und
vorzugsweise mindestens 320 MPa hat.
15. Verwendung eines Aluminiumlegierungsblechs, das durch das Verfahren nach einem der
Ansprüche 1 bis 14 erhalten wird, in einem Lagerbehälter, vorzugsweise der Rumpf eines
Silos.
1. Procédé de fabrication d'un produit laminé en tôle d'alliage aluminium-magnésium-manganèse
comprenant les étapes consistant à :
a) fournir un matériau de départ de laminage consistant en un alliage Al-Mg-Mn ayant
une composition comprenant, en % en poids,
Mg |
4,80 % à 6,0 %, |
Mn |
0,30 % à 1,25 %, |
Zn |
jusqu'à 0,9 %, |
Fe |
jusqu'à 0,40 %, |
Si |
jusqu'à 0,30 %, |
Cu |
jusqu'à 0,20 %, |
Cr |
jusqu'à 0,25 %, |
Zr |
jusqu'à 0,25 %, |
Ti |
jusqu'à 0,25 %, |
des impuretés inévitables, chacune < 0,05 %, au total < 0,2 %, le reste étant de l'aluminium
;
b) chauffer le produit de départ de laminage à une température dans une plage allant
de 480 °C à 550 °C ;
c) laminer à chaud le produit de laminage chauffé dans une ou plusieurs étapes de
laminage pour obtenir une tôle laminée à chaud ayant un gabarit final dans une plage
allant de 3 mm à 15 mm, et dans lequel la température d'entrée du laminoir à chaud
est dans une plage allant de 400 °C à 550 °C, et la température de sortie du laminoir
à chaud est dans une plage allant de 130 °C à 285 °C ; et dans lequel le laminage
à chaud du produit de départ de laminage au gabarit final se fait sans laminer à froid
le produit de départ de laminage jusqu'au gabarit final ;
d) recuire la tôle laminée à chaud au gabarit final à une température de recuit dans
une plage allant de 300 °C à 550 °C ; et
e) refroidir la tôle laminée à chaud recuite au gabarit final depuis la température
de recuit jusqu'à la température ambiante.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la tôle laminée à chaud au gabarit final
est enroulée à la sortie du laminoir à chaud.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la tôle laminée à chaud au gabarit final
est enroulée à la sortie du laminoir à chaud et refroidie à température ambiante avant
l'étape de recuit.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel, pendant l'étape
(c), la température de sortie du laminoir à chaud est dans une plage allant de 130
°C à 250 °C, de préférence dans une plage allant de 175 °C à 250 °C.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le recuit consiste
à recuire une tôle laminée à chaud enroulée pendant 1 à 8 heures, de préférence 1
à 6 heures, à une température dans une plage allant de 300 °C à 550 °C.
6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le recuit consiste
à recuire la tôle laminée à chaud pendant 10 à 90 minutes à une température dans une
plage allant de 300 °C à 550 °C.
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel la température
de recuit est dans une plage allant de 300 °C à 450 °C.
8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel l'alliage d'aluminium
a une teneur en Zn dans une plage allant de 0,30 % à 0,9 %.
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel l'alliage d'aluminium
a une teneur en Mn d'au maximum 1,1 %, et de préférence d'au maximum 0,90 %.
10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel l'alliage d'aluminium
a une teneur en Mg d'au moins 5,0 %, et de préférence d'au moins 5,10 %.
11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel l'alliage d'aluminium
a une teneur en Zr dans une plage allant de 0,05 % à 0,25 %.
12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, dans lequel la tôle laminée
à chaud et recuite au gabarit final a un allongement à la rupture (A50) d'au moins
20 %, et de préférence d'au moins 22 %.
13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, dans lequel la tôle laminée
à chaud et recuite au gabarit final a une résistance à la rupture en traction d'au
moins 150 MPa, et de préférence d'au moins 160 MPa.
14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, dans lequel la tôle de départ
laminée à chaud et recuite au gabarit final a une résistance ultime en traction d'au
moins 310 MPa et de préférence d'au moins 320 MPa
15. Utilisation d'une tôle en alliage d'aluminium obtenue au moyen du procédé selon l'une
quelconque des revendications 1 à 14 dans un récipient de stockage, de préférence
la coque d'un silo.