ATBECHDEDKESFRGBGRITLILUNLSEMCPTIESILTLVFIROMKCYALTRBGCZEEHUPLSKBAHRIS..MTNORSMESMMAKHTNMD..........
J
BDM Ver 0.1.67 (18 Oct 2017) - 1100000/0
3572186
EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION
A1
20191127
EP
19174330.1
20190514
cs
en
en
PCT/CZ2018/000235
20180522
WO
20191127
201948
20191127
201948
B24C 7/00 20060101AFI20191001BHEP
B24C 5/04 20060101ALI20191001BHEP
de
SCHLEIFKÖPFE MIT REINGASEINSPEISUNG
en
ABRASIVE HEADS WITH CLEAN GAS INFEED
fr
TÊTES ABRASIVES COMPORTANT UNE ALIMENTATION EN GAZ PROPRE
4
PTV, spol. s.r.o.
101602875
5617/19/EP
Ceskoslovenske armady 23
253 01 Hostivice
CZ
Ustav geoniky AV CR, v.v.i.
101808286
5617/19/EP
Studentska 1768
70800 Ostrava-Poruba
CZ
Mestanek, Jiri
Sochánova 1129/7
16300 Praha 6
CZ
Ríha, Zdenek
Prokofjevova 327/3
62300 Brno - Kohoutovice
CZ
Sedlák, Jirí
101088150
Okruzni 2824
370 01 Ceské Budejovice
CZ
AL
AT
BE
BG
CH
CY
CZ
DE
DK
EE
ES
FI
FR
GB
GR
HR
HU
IE
IS
IT
LI
LT
LU
LV
MC
MK
MT
NL
NO
PL
PT
RO
RS
SE
SI
SK
SM
TR
BA
ME
KH
MA
MD
TN
An abrasive head with clean gas (96) infeed (26) for cleaning/removing material surfaces and splitting/cutting materials by a liquid beam (21) enriched with solid abrasive particles to extend the tool lifetime by eliminating damage to the liquid jet's aperture by the abrasive, avoid degrading the abrasive inside the tool and increase the cutting power and flow efficiency.

Field of Technology
The technical solution falls within the hydraulics area. The patent subject-matter is a tool to clean/remove material surfaces and split/clean materials with a liquid beam enriched with solid abrasive particles.

State of the Art
At present, an abrasive head is used as a tool with predominantly automatic gas and abrasive intake to split and cut various materials. The tool consists of three main components: liquid jet, mixing chamber and abrasive jet. The above-mentioned components are positioned in line along the tool axis in a way that the high-speed liquid beam formed by a liquid jet passes all along the tool axis. Water may be used as the liquid here. Air may be used as the gas. The liquid jet is designed to convert pressure energy into kinetic energy, thus creating a high-speed liquid beam. The thin liquid beam passes through the center of the tool or other abrasive head's main parts. The beam movement in the mixing chamber center may result in automatic gas and abrasive intake into the mixing chamber. The gas and abrasive particles are accelerated here by the high-speed liquid beam motion. The created mixture of liquid, gas and abrasive particles flows on to pass through the abrasive jet center. Further acceleration of the gas and abrasive particles is made by the action of the high-speed liquid beam flowing in housing interior of the abrasive jet, which is largely formed by an input cone linked with the upstream mixing chamber shape and a long cylindrical opening.
Document US 2017326706 may appear to be the closest technological state. It describes the jet head dealing with the gas infeeds to stabilize the water beam. The gas infeeds are implemented both upstream and downstream the mixing chamber. The gas infeeds are implemented by several components arranged and inserted in the jet head, while the gas is supplied upstream, i.e. under an angle of more than 90° to the common axis into the point with the highest liquid beam velocity, directly under the liquid jet where huge energy losses of the liquid beam occur. The liquid beam loses its velocity and the vortex flow may even unbalance the liquid beam. Thus, the solution according to document US 2017326706 is nearly unusable in practice. Further documents representing general technological state include for example document EP 3094448 A, US 4995202, where liquid is supplied in the jet head in a fully unbalanced manner from the side, thus losing huge amount of energy and in addition, the gas is supplied upstream the liquid flow, thus dramatically reducing the liquid beam velocity leading to vortex flow. Documents JP S6228173 and GB 774624 represent general technological state.
The disadvantage of current solutions such as patents EP2853349A1 EP0873220B1 as well as US2016/0129551A1 or PV 2014-754 is that the high-speed liquid beam after the liquid jet creates such flow field of the entire mixture that allows the abrasive particles to flow up to the liquid jet itself. Intensive gas backflow is formed around the high-speed beam, carrying the abrasive particles to the liquid jet body. It's been proved that the water jet gets worn out by the abrasive particles as they flow in space directly after the water jet. The described fact shown on Fig.1 results in significant reduction of the liquid jet's as well as the entire described tool's lifetime. Another resulting disadvantage is that guaranteeing sufficient tool lifetime requires that the liquid jet be made of very durable and costly material such as diamond.

Description of the Invention
A new abrasive head with clean gas infeed to split/cut materials by a liquid beam enriched with solid abrasive particles was developed. This head significantly extends the tool lifetime by eliminating damage to the liquid jet's aperture by abrasive as well as eliminating degradation of abrasive inside the tool.
The abrasive head fully prevents the gas and abrasive mixture backflow upstream towards the water jet, making the abrasive particles move downstream outside the tool, thus eliminating damage to the water jest and degradation of the abrasive itself.
The backflow avoidance is designed in a manner that the abrasive head contains a clean gas infeed in the liquid beam infeed channel. The clean gas infeed makes the gas intake into the abrasive head, thus eliminating unwanted air recirculation along with the particles of the abrasive itself that harm the tool's internal walls and mainly the liquid jet's walls. The recirculation is shown on Fig.1 and 2, with Fig.1 describing gas and abrasive upstream recirculation up to the liquid jet in case when no clean gas infeed is installed, while Fig. 2 shows clean gas flow through the channel downstream the liquid beam flow which eliminates backward recirculation of gas and abrasive by filling the entire channel. Thus, clean gas supply into the infeed channels is made separately before the abrasive infeed.
From the pressurized water infeed up to the abrasive jet, i.e. downstream, the tool consists of the liquid jet connected to the infeed channel equipped with the clean gas intake. The liquid jet leads into the mixing chamber connected to the abrasive jet. The clean gas infeed has the benefit of being inclined to the common axis by 10 to 90°. At least one gas and abrasive mixture infeed leads into the mixing chamber, the gas and abrasive mixture has the advantage of being fed into the mixing chamber through several symmetrically positioned infeeds. The gas and abrasive mixture infeed has the benefit of being inclined to the common axis by 10 to 90°. The infeeds of gas and abrasive mixture have the benefit of being connected to the gas and abrasive mixture distributor.
The liquid jet, infeed channel, mixing chamber and abrasive jet are positioned in the tool's axis downstream the pressurized water infeed. The infeed channel's inner cross-section is smaller than the abrasive jet cylindrical part's inner cross-section, which guarantees automatic gas and abrasive mixture intake into the abrasive jet.
The clean gas intake can extend the lifetime of an existing tool. The clean gas infeed can be implemented in an existing tool in a fairly easy way such as with electro-erosive machining. Thus, in the case of a new tool, damage to the liquid jet by abrasive particles is fully avoided, still without any decrease in both the abrasive head's cutting power as well as energy.

Tool design implementation
The tool design should be selected with respect to the tool load level. Stressed tool components, bearing housings and jets may be made of hard metal or high-strength abrasive-resistant steel (such as 17-4PH, 17022, 1.4057 or 17346 steel etc.) and it's recommended to select high-strength materials such as diamond or sapphire for the liquid jets. For connections and unstressed tool parts, it's possible to select less resistant materials such as PVC.
It's useful when the tool is made of a bearing housing in which the liquid jet inner housing is inserted along with other tool components. The pressurized water connection is located on the top part of the supporting housing. The liquid jet body, the common channel housing, the inserted jet body and the mixing chamber housing are placed inside the inner body while the housings and other components may be connected using threaded joint, press connection or other permanent or demountable means. More housings and/or components can be made of a single piece. The abrasive jet housing is placed at the bottom of the supporting housing. As a benefit, the abrasive jet housing can be fixed in the supporting housing with a threaded joint or can be attached to the supporting housing via a collet with a nut. The mixing chamber can be a direct part of the bearing housing.

Summary of presented drawings
Fig 1.
Technology status. A tool without separate clean gas infeed 96.
Fig 2.
A tool with a separate clean air 96 infeed 26.
Fig 3.
An abrasive head according to example 1 with a single liquid jet clean gas 96 infeed 26 into infeed channel 25.
Fig 4.
An abrasive head according to example 2 with a single liquid jet and inclined clean gas 96 infeed 26 into the infeed channel 25.
Fig 5.
An abrasive head according to example 3 with a single liquid jet, inclined clean gas 96 infeed 26 into the infeed channel 25 and inclined infeed 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94.
Fig 6.
An abrasive head according to example 4 with a single liquid jet, two inclined clean gas 96 infeeds 26 into the infeed channel 25 and two inclined infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94.

Examples of Invention Execution

Example 1
Abrasive head with clean gas infeed into the common channel.
Fig.3 shows a tool design with clean gas intake 96 through the infeed 26 leading into the infeed channel 25 downstream the water jet 21 located downstream the pressurized liquid infeed 73. The water jet 21 is connected to the infeed channel 25 into which the clean gas 96 infeed 26 leads. The tool main components, i.e. water jet 21, mixing chamber 22 and abrasive jet 23 are positioned in the tool axis 55, while the liquid jet 21 axis 56 is identical with the infeed channel axis 25 and the tool axis 55. The infeed channel 25 leads into the mixing chamber 22 together with one infeed 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94. The infeed channel inner cross-section 25 is smaller than the abrasive jet 23 cylindrical part's 75 inner cross-section. This results in the gas and abrasive mixture 94 being intaken the mixing chamber 22 through the infeed 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94 automatically, just like the clean gas 96 is automatically intaken through the clean gas 26 infeed 96. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 accelerated by the common high-speed liquid beam 95 enters the abrasive jet 23 connected to the mixing chamber 22. The abrasive jet 23 is positioned in the tool axis 55 at the tool's end. At this point, further acceleration of the described mixture occurs before impacting on the cut material.
The abrasive head bearing housing, where liquid jet body 21, mixing chamber housing 22 and abrasive jet body 23 are placed, contains infeed channel 25 downstream the water jet 21, clean gas 96 infeed 26 and the infeed 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94. It's made of 17-4PH steel. The mixing chamber housing 22 is made of hard metal. The abrasive jet's housing 23 is made of hard metal. Clean gas 96 infeed 26 made of 17022 steel is connected to the abrasive head's bearing housing. Gas and abrasive mixture 94 infeed 28 made of 17022 steel is connected to the abrasive head's bearing housing.
In case of a tool made according to example 1, there is no gas recirculation thanks to the presence of the clean gas 96 infeed 26 into the infeed channel 25. Thanks to the recirculation avoidance, the abrasive particles don't get near and don't harm the liquid jet 21 while avoiding their degradation here.

Example 2
An abrasive head with inclined clean gas infeed into the infeed channel.
Fig 4 shows a tool design example with clean gas intake 96 through the infeed 26 leading into the common channel 25 under an angle of 55° to the tool axis 55 downstream after the water jet 21 installed after the pressurized liquid infeed 73. The water jet 21 is connected to the infeed channel 25 into which the clean gas 96 infeed 26 leads. The tool main components, i.e. water jet 21, mixing chamber 22 and abrasive jet 23 are positioned in the tool axis 55, while the liquid jet 21 axis 56 is identical with the infeed channel axis 25 and the tool axis 55. The infeed channel 25 leads into the mixing chamber 22 together with one infeed 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94. The infeed channel inner cross-section 25 is greater than the abrasive jet 23 cylindrical part's 75 inner cross-section. This results in the gas and abrasive mixture 94 being intaken the mixing chamber 22 through the infeed 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94 by overpressure, with the clean gas 96 being automatically intaken through the clean gas 96 infeed 26. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 accelerated by the common high-speed liquid beam 95 enters the abrasive jet 23 connected to the mixing chamber 22. The abrasive jet 23 is positioned in the tool axis 55 at the tool's end. At this point, further acceleration of the described mixture occurs before impacting on the cut material.
The abrasive head bearing housing, where liquid jet body 21 and abrasive jet body 23 are placed, contains infeed channel 25 downstream the water jet 21, mixing chamber 22 and the infeed 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94. It's made of 1.4057 abrasion-resistant steel. The abrasive jet's housing 23 is made of hard metal. Clean gas 96 infeed 26 made of 17346 steel is connected to the abrasive head's bearing housing. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 infeed 28 made of 17346 steel is connected to the abrasive head's bearing housing.
In case of a tool made according to example 2, there is no gas recirculation thanks to the presence of the clean gas 96 infeed 26 into the infeed channel 25. Thanks to the recirculation avoidance, the abrasive particles don't get near and don't harm the liquid jet 21 while avoiding their degradation here.

Example 3
An abrasive head with inclined gas and abrasive mixture infeed and inclined clean gas infeed.
Fig.5 shows a tool design example with clean gas intake 96 through the infeed 26 leading into the infeed channel 25 downstream the water jet 21 located downstream the pressurized liquid infeed 73. The water jet 21 is connected to the infeed channel 25 into which the clean gas 96 infeed 26 leads, inclined to the tool axis 55 by 60° downstream. The tool main components, i.e. water jet 21, mixing chamber 22 and abrasive jet 23 are positioned in the tool axis 55, while the liquid jet 21 axis 56 is identical with the infeed channel axis 25 and the tool axis 55. The infeed channel 25 leads into the mixing chamber 22 together with one infeed 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94 inclined to the tool axis 55 by 50° downstream. The infeed channel inner cross-section 25 is smaller than the abrasive jet 23 cylindrical part's 75 inner cross-section. This results in the gas and abrasive mixture 94 being intaken into the shaped mixing chamber 22 through the infeed 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94 automatically, just like the clean gas 96 is automatically intaken through the clean gas 26 infeed 96. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 accelerated by the common high-speed liquid beam 95 enters the abrasive jet 23 connected to the mixing chamber 22. The abrasive jet 23 is positioned in the tool axis 55 at the tool's end. At this point, further acceleration of the described mixture occurs before impacting on the cut material.
The abrasive head bearing housing, where liquid jet body 21, mixing chamber housing 22 and abrasive jet body 23 are placed, contains infeed channel 25 downstream the water jet 21, clean gas 96 infeed 26 and the infeed 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94. It's made of 17022 steel. The mixing chamber housing 22 is made of hard metal. The abrasive jet's housing 23 is made of hard metal. The liquid jet 21 is made of sapphire and the infeed channels 25 are made of PVC. Clean gas 96 infeed 26 made of 17022 steel is connected to the abrasive head's bearing housing. Gas and abrasive mixture 94 infeed 28 made of 17-4PH steel is connected to the abrasive head's bearing housing.
In case of a tool made according to example 3, there is no gas recirculation thanks to the presence of the clean gas 96 infeed 26 into the infeed channel 25. Thanks to the recirculation avoidance, the abrasive particles don't get near and don't harm the liquid jet 21 while avoiding their degradation here.

Example 4
An abrasive head with two inclined gas and abrasive mixture infeeds and inclined clean gas infeeds.
Fig.6 shows a tool design example with clean gas intake 96 through the infeed 26 leading into the infeed channel 25 downstream the water jet 21 located downstream the pressurized liquid infeed 73. The water jet 21 is connected to the infeed channel 25 into which two clean gas 96 infeeds 26 leads, inclined to the tool axis 55 by 60° downstream. The tool main components, i.e. water jet 21, mixing chamber 22 and abrasive jet 23 are positioned in the tool axis 55, while the liquid jet 21 axis 56 is identical with the infeed channel axis 25 and the tool axis 55. The infeed channel 25 leads into the mixing chamber 22 together with two infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94 inclined to the tool axis 55 by 55° downstream. The gas and abrasive 94 mixture infeeds 28 are connected to the distributor of the gas and abrasive mixture 94. The infeed channel inner cross-section 25 is smaller than the abrasive jet 23 cylindrical part's 75 inner cross-section. This results in the gas and abrasive mixture 94 being intaken into the shaped mixing chamber 22 through the infeeds 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94 automatically, just like the clean gas 96 is automatically intaken through the clean gas 26 infeed 96. The gas and abrasive mixture 94 accelerated by the common high-speed liquid beam 95 enters the abrasive jet 23 connected to the mixing chamber 22. The abrasive jet 23 is positioned in the tool axis 55 at the tool's end. At this point, further acceleration of the described mixture occurs before impacting on the cut material.
The abrasive head bearing housing, where liquid jet body 21, mixing chamber housing 22 and abrasive jet body 23 are placed, contains infeed channel 25 downstream the water jet 21, clean gas 96 infeed 26 and the infeed 28 of the gas and abrasive mixture 94. It's made of 17022 steel. The mixing chamber housing 22 is made of hard metal. The abrasive jet's housing 23 is made of hard metal. The liquid jet 21 is made of sapphire and the infeed channels 25 are made of PVC. Clean gas 96 infeed 26 made of 17022 steel is connected to the abrasive head's bearing housing. Gas and abrasive mixture 94 infeed 28 made of 17-4PH steel is connected to the abrasive head's bearing housing.
In case of a tool made according to example 4, there is no gas recirculation thanks to the presence of the clean gas 96 infeed 26 into the infeed channel 25. Thanks to the recirculation avoidance, the abrasive particles don't get near and don't harm the liquid jet 21 while avoiding their degradation here.

List reference marks
21
- liquid jet
22
- mixing chamber
23
- abrasive jet
25
- infeed channel
26
- clean gas infeeds 96
28
- infeeds of gas and abrasive mixture 94
55
- tool axis
56
- liquid jet axis 21
73
- pressurized liquid infeed
75
- abrasive jet cylindrical section 23
94
- gas and abrasive mixture
95
- liquid beam
96
- clean gas

Applicability in Industry
Cleaning materials, removing material surfaces, splitting or cutting materials by liquid beam enriched with abrasive solid particles.
1. An abrasive head with clean gas infeed containing a liquid jet (21), a mixing chamber (22) equipped with at least one gas and abrasive mixture (94) infeed (28), connected to an abrasive jet (23) characterized by the fact that the liquid jet (21) leads into an infeed channel (25), which leads into the mixing chamber (22), and the liquid jet (21) and the abrasive jet (23) are lying in the common axis, while the infeed channel (25) is equipped with the clean gas (96) infeed (26) inclined at an angle of 10° to 90° against the common axis.
2. The abrasive head with clean gas infeed according to claim 1 characterized by the fact that the mixing chamber (22) contains at least two gas and abrasive mixture (94) infeeds (28).
3. The abrasive head with clean gas infeed according to claim 1 characterized by the fact that the infeed channel (25) is equipped with at least two clean gas (96) infeeds (26).
4. The abrasive head with clean gas infeed according to claim 1 or 2 characterized by the fact that the gas and abrasive mixture (94) infeed (28) inclines against the common axis at an angle of 10 to 90°.
5. The abrasive head with clean gas infeed according to claim 1 characterized by the fact that the inner cross-section area of infeed channel (25) is smaller than the cylindrical part (75) of the abrasive jet (23).
5617/19/EP
EP
19174330.1
PTV, spol. s.r.o.
4
DH
20191009
B24C
EP
3539721
A1
PTV SPOL S R O [CZ]; USTAV GEONIKY AV CR V V I [CZ]
20190918
L
1-5
* figures 3A, 3B4A *
EP
2321093
B1
FLOW INT CORP [US]
20130102
X
1-5
* paragraphs [0025], [0050]; figures 7,9 *
US
2005017091
A1
OLSEN JOHN H [US] ET AL
20050127
X
1-5
* paragraphs [0030] - [0033], [0040], [0044]; figures 3,4,5,6 *
US
2017326706
A1
SATO SHO [JP] ET AL
20171116
X
1,3-5
* paragraphs [0076], [0077]; figures 4,6 *
WO
9219384
A1
INGERSOLL RAND CO [US]
19921112
X
1,3-5
* page 4, paragraph 4 - page 5, paragraph 2; figures 2,3 *
WO
2016071866
A1
INST OF GEONICS AS CR V V I [CZ]
20160512
A
2,4,5
* the whole document *
Carmichael, Guy
The Hague
20190930
EP
3539721
A1
20190918
CZ
307860
B6
20190703
EP
3539721
A1
20190918
US
2019283213
A1
20190919
EP
2321093
B1
20130102
CN
102066054
A
20110518
EP
2321093
A1
20110518
ES
2401853
T3
20130425
KR
20110046391
A
20110504
TW
201006610
A
20100216
US
2009318064
A1
20091224
WO
2009158061
A1
20091230
US
2005017091
A1
20050127
NONE
US
2017326706
A1
20171116
JP
6511009
B2
20190508
JP
2017202545
A
20171116
US
2017326706
A1
20171116
WO
9219384
A1
19921112
NONE
WO
2016071866
A1
20160512
CZ
307832
B6
20190612
EP
3215313
A1
20170913
WO
2016071866
A1
20160512

REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION
This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.

Patent documents cited in the description
- US
2017326706
A
[0003]
[0003]
- EP
3094448
A
[0003]
- US
4995202
A
[0003]
- JP
S6228173
B
[0003]
- GB
774624
A
[0003]
- EP
2853349
A1
[0004]
- EP
0873220
B1
[0004]
- US
20160129551
A1
[0004]