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(11) | EP 3 680 447 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | A DOWNHOLE METHOD |
| (57) The present invention relates to a downhole method for providing a zonal isolation
at a predetermined position in an annulus between a wall of a borehole and a well
tubular metal structure having a longitudinal extension in an existing well, comprising
inserting a downhole tool in the well tubular metal structure, positioning the downhole
tool opposite the predetermined position, separating a first section of the well tubular
metal structure from a second section of the well tubular metal structure by machining
into and along a circumference of the well tubular metal structure, inserting an unexpanded
annular barrier between the first section and the second section, and expanding the
annular barrier for providing zonal isolation at the predetermined position.
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[0001] The present invention relates to a downhole method for providing a zonal isolation at a predetermined position in an annulus between a wall of a borehole and a well tubular metal structure having a longitudinal extension in an existing well.
[0002] When existing wells are not performing as intended and the production of hydro-carbon containing fluid is dwindling from a specific well or a well is producing a high content of water, it is necessary for the operator to decide whether to optimise the well or if the well should be abandoned.
[0003] In order to optimise more simple wells, the zones producing too much water can be isolated e.g. by inserting a patch over a perforated zone or other types of production openings; however, the water from the isolated zone may flow parallely on the outside of the well tubular metal structure into other producing zones and with the known solution it may be difficult to optimise such wells and these are more likely to be plugged and abandoned even though some zones may still be producing an acceptable amount of hydro-carbon containing fluid.
[0004] It is an object of the present invention to wholly or partly overcome the above disadvantages and drawbacks of the prior art. More specifically, it is an object to provide an improved downhole method capable of optimising also more simple wells in a satisfying manner.
[0005] The above objects, together with numerous other objects, advantages and features, which will become evident from the below description, are accomplished by a solution in accordance with the present invention by a downhole method for providing a zonal isolation at a predetermined position in an annulus between a wall of a borehole and a well tubular metal structure having a longitudinal extension in an existing well, comprising
- inserting a downhole tool in the well tubular metal structure,
- positioning the downhole tool opposite the predetermined position,
- separating a first section of the well tubular metal structure from a second section of the well tubular metal structure by machining into and along a circumference of the well tubular metal structure,
- inserting an unexpanded annular barrier between the first section and the second section,
- expanding the annular barrier for providing zonal isolation at the predetermined position.
[0008] Furthermore, the downhole tool may comprise a machining device, the machining device has at least one arm which is pivotably connected with the downhole tool and has a cutting edge in a first end, the arm being movable between a retracted position and a projected position in relation to the downhole tool.
[0009] Separating the first section from the second section may comprise machining part of the well tubular metal structure over a predetermined distance along the longitudinal extension, thereby grinding the part of the well tubular metal structure.
[0010] Moreover, machining part of the well tubular metal structure may be performed by milling a part of well tubular metal structure in the longitudinal extension.
[0011] Separating the first section from the second section may comprise moving the first section from the second section after the machining.
[0012] Separating the first section from the second section may comprise pulling the first section out of the borehole after the machining.
[0013] The downhole method may further comprise inserting the first section in the borehole at a distance from the second section.
[0016] Inserting the unexpanded annular barrier may be performed by mounting the unexpanded annular barrier at an end of the first section. Subsequently, the first section may be inserted into the borehole so that the unexpanded annular barrier is arranged between the first section and the second section.
[0017] Furthermore, the annular barrier may comprise a tubular metal part, an expandable metal sleeve surrounding the tubular metal part, an annular space between the tubular metal structure and the expandable metal sleeve, the tubular metal part has an expansion opening.
[0020] Expanding the annular barrier may be performed by a swelling process of the swellable material of the annular barrier.
[0021] Expanding the annular barrier may be performed by pressurising at least a part of the well tubular metal structure.
[0022] In addition, the pressurising may be performed by a downhole tool isolating a part of the well tubular metal structure.
[0023] Furthermore, the pressurising may be performed by pressurising the well tubular metal structure from surface.
[0024] Expanding the annular barrier may be performed by expanding the tubular metal part and/or the expandable metal sleeve.
[0025] Expansion of the annular barrier may be performed by means of a mandrel and/or an expandable bladder.
[0026] Expansion of the annular barrier may be performed by pressurising the tubular metal part opposite the expansion opening and letting fluid into the annular space for expanding the expandable metal sleeve.
[0027] Moreover, the expandable metal sleeve may be radially expanded between the first section and the second section to abut the wall of the borehole.
[0028] Additionally, the annular barrier may have a first barrier end and a second barrier end, the first barrier end is configured to overlap the first section and the second barrier end is configured to overlap the second section.
[0029] The downhole method may further comprise providing a second zonal isolation at a second predetermined position in the annulus between the wall of the borehole and the well tubular metal structure.
[0030] The invention also relates to a downhole system for performing the downhole method as described above.
[0031] The invention and its many advantages will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, which for the purpose of illustration show some non-limiting embodiments and in which:
Fig. 1 is a partially cross-sectional view of a well tubular metal structure in which a downhole tool is inserted for separating a first section of the well tubular metal structure from a second section,
Fig. 2 is a partially cross-sectional view of the well tubular metal structure of Fig. 1 being separated into a first section and a second section,
Fig. 3 is a partially cross-sectional view of the well tubular metal structure of Fig. 2 in which an unexpanded annular barrier has been inserted opposite an area between the first section and the second section,
Fig. 4 is a partially cross-sectional view of the well tubular metal structure of Fig. 3 in which the annular barrier has been expanded by pressurising part the well tubular metal structure by means of the downhole tool,
Fig. 5 showing a partially cross-sectional view of the well tubular metal structure of Fig. 4 where the downhole tool has been removed,
Fig. 6 is a partially cross-sectional view of a well tubular metal structure being separated by a circumferential cut,
Fig. 7 is a partially cross-sectional view of the well tubular metal structure of Fig. 6 in which the first section has been pulled out of the well and an unexpanded annular barrier mounted at the end of the first section and run in the well again,
Fig. 8 is a partially cross-sectional view of the well tubular metal structure of Fig. 7 in which the annular barrier has been arranged at the predetermined position,
Fig. 9 is a partially cross-sectional view of the well tubular metal structure of Fig. 8 in which the annular barrier has been expanded,
Fig. 10 shows a partially view of a downhole tool surrounded by an expandable metal sleeve (shown in cross-section),
Fig. 11 shows is a partially cross-sectional view of a well tubular metal structure in which the tool of Fig. 10 has been arranged opposite the predetermined position and end parts of the expandable metal sleeve has been expanded,
Fig. 12 is a partially cross-sectional view of the well tubular metal structure of Fig. 11 in which also a part of the expandable metal sleeve intermediate the end parts has been expanded by pressurised fluid from the tool,
Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the well tubular metal structure of Fig. 12 where the downhole tool has been removed,
Fig. 14 shows a cross-sectional view of an annular barrier, and
Fig. 15 shows a cross-sectional view of part of the downhole tool having projectable arms with cutting edge for machining into the wall of the well tubular metal structure.
[0032] All the figures are highly schematic and not necessarily to scale, and they show only those parts which are necessary in order to elucidate the invention, other parts being omitted or merely suggested.
[0033] Fig. 1 shows a first part of a downhole method for providing a zonal isolation at a predetermined position in an annulus 2 between a wall 3 of a borehole 4 and a well tubular metal structure 5 having a longitudinal extension in an existing well 1. Fig. 1 shows a partially cross-sectional view of the well tubular metal structure in which a downhole tool 10 is inserted for separating the first section 6 of the well tubular metal structure 5 from the second section 7. The downhole tool 10 is inserted in the well tubular metal structure and positioned opposite the predetermined position, and the separation of the first section 6 from the second section 7 of the well tubular metal structure by machining into and along a circumference of the well tubular metal structure is initiated.
[0034] As shown in Fig. 2, the separation comprises moving a machining device 8 of the downhole tool 10 up wards towards a top 51 of the well 1 and milling or grinding part of the well tubular metal structure so that that part of the well tubular metal structure is removed leaving an open area between the first section 6 and the second section 7. Then an unexpanded annular barrier 20 is inserted through the first section to the predetermined position between the first section and the second section as shown in Fig. 3, and as shown in Fig. 4 then the annular barrier 20 is expanded providing zonal isolation at the predetermined position. Subsequently, the downhole tool 10 is removed from the well as shown in Fig. 5. As can be seen, the downhole tool is a wireline downhole tool. The downhole tool may have a driving unit (not shown).
[0035] In Fig. 1, the downhole tool 10 comprises an electronic section 19 for controlling the electricity supply before being directed to a rotation unit, such as an electrical motor 20, driving a hydraulic pump 21. The downhole tool further comprises an anchor section 22 and a stroking tool 23 providing the movement along the longitudinal extension of the well tubular metal structure 5. The downhole tool 10 is submerged into the well tubular metal structure, and the anchor section 22 of the downhole tool is hydraulically activated to anchor a second par of the tool housing of the tool in relation to the well tubular metal structure 5. The motor is powered through a wireline 24 and the electronic section 19 and drives the pump and rotates a rotatable shaft 12 for rotating the cutting arm 9 for separating the upper and first section 6 from the lower second section 7 of the well tubular metal structure 5. Thus, the downhole tool 10 is submerged into the well or well tubular metal structure only by a wireline, e.g. with another kind of power supply line, such as an optical fibre, and not by tubing, such as coiled tubing, drill pipe or similar piping.
[0036] As shown in Fig. 2, the separation of the first section from the second section comprises machining part of the well tubular metal structure over a predetermined distance d along the longitudinal extension L, thereby grinding the part of the well tubular metal structure into inconsiderable small pieces. Machining part of the well tubular metal structure is performed by cutting or milling a part of well tubular metal structure in the longitudinal extension.
[0037] Separation of the first section 6 from the second section 7 may also comprise moving the first section 6 the distance d from the second section 7 after the machining.
[0038] In Figs. 6-9, separation of the first section 6 from the second section 7 comprises pulling the first section 6 out of the borehole 4 after the machining. Then as shown in Fig. 7, the first section 6 is mounted with an annular barrier and then inserted into the borehole 4 so that the first section is arranged at a distance from the second section where the distance corresponds to the length of the annular barrier, so that the annular barrier abuts the second section 7.
[0039] In Fig. 3, the unexpanded annular barrier is inserted by means of a downhole tool 100 and in Fig. 7, the unexpanded annular barrier is inserted by means of the first section 6.
[0040] The annular barrier comprises in Figs. 3-5 and 7-9 a tubular metal part 52, an expandable metal sleeve 53 surrounding and connected to the tubular metal part providing an annular space 54 between the tubular metal part/well tubular metal structure and the expandable metal sleeve 53. The tubular metal part has an expansion opening 55 in order to expand the expandable metal sleeve 53.
[0041] In Figs. 10-14, the annular barrier comprises an expandable metal sleeve but not surrounding a tubular metal part as the annular barrier is baseless having only the expandable metal sleeve.
[0042] The annular barrier can be expanded in different ways. The annular barrier may be expanded by pressurising at least a part of the well tubular metal structure opposite the expansion opening and letting fluid into the annular space for expanding the expandable metal sleeve, e.g. by a tool as shown in Fig. 4. or by plugging (e.g. dropping a ball into a ball seat) the well tubular metal structure below the annular barrier and pressurising the well tubular metal structure from surface.
[0043] In another embodiment, expanding the annular barrier is performed by expanding the tubular metal part and/or the expandable metal sleeve, e.g. by pulling a expandable cone or a mandrel through the tubular metal part or no tubular metal part is present directly expanding the expandable metal sleeve to abut the inner face of the well tubular metal structure overlapping the first section and the second section. Subsequently, the expandable metal sleeve is further expanded by pressuring the expandable metal sleeve from within e.g. by isolating an intermediate part 58 of the expandable metal sleeve as shown in Fig. 12.
[0044] In Fig. 11, each of the ends 56, 57 of the expandable metal sleeve is radially expanded by an expandable bladder 61 so that one end 56 is overlapping the first section and the other end is overlapping the second section. Subsequently, fluid is pumped out through tool openings 63 in the tool 10 expanding the expandable metal sleeve between the first section and the second section to abut the wall of the borehole. Thus, the annular barrier has a first barrier end 66 and a second barrier end 67, where the first barrier end is configured to overlap the first section 6 and the second barrier end 67 is configured to overlap the second section 7. In order to enhance the sealing ability of the ends of the annular barrier, sealing elements may be arranged surrounding the outer face of the annular barrier ends as shown in Figs. 10-13.
[0045] As shown in Fig. 14, the expandable metal sleeve 53 comprises sealing elements 64 and split ring shaped elements 65 for back-up of the sealing element 64. An intermediate element 69 is provided between the sealing element 64 and the split ring shaped elements 65. The sealing elements, the split ring shaped elements 65 and the intermediate elements are arranged between two projections 71 forming a groove 72.
[0046] In Fig. 3, the downhole system 100 is shown comprising the well tubular metal structure, the annular barrier, and the downhole tool 10.
[0047] Even though not shown, the downhole method may further comprises providing a second zonal isolation at a second predetermined position in the annulus between the wall of the borehole and the well tubular metal structure. The first and second annular barrier provided at the first and second predetermined position may be expanded in one run or two runs. The downhole tool may have means for holding a section of the well tubular metal structure in relation to a second section of the well tubular metal structure by having two anchoring sections 22.
[0048] The downhole tool 10 providing the separation of the first section from the second section may be the same tool providing and expanding the annular barrier so that the operation may be performed in one run in stead of the two runs shown in Figs. 1-4.
[0049] As shown in Fig. 15, the downhole tool 10 comprises a tool housing 6a having a first 7a and a second 8a housing part and a cutting arm 9 being pivotably connected with the first housing part and having a cutting edge 10 in a first end. The arm 9 is movable between a retracted position and a projected position in relation to the tool housing. The arm is shown in its projected position in Fig. 15. The tool further comprises an arm activation assembly 11 for moving the cutting arm 9 between the retracted position and the projected position. A rotatable shaft 12 penetrates the second housing part 8a and is connected with, and forms part of, the first housing part for rotating the cutting arm.
[0050] The arm activation assembly 11 comprises a piston housing 13 arranged in the first housing part 7a and comprising a piston chamber 14. A piston member 15 is arranged inside the piston chamber and engages with the cutting arm 9, thereby moving the cutting arm 9 between the retracted position and the projected position. The piston member 15 is movable in a longitudinal direction of the downhole tubing cutter tool and has a first piston face 16 and a second piston face 17. Hydraulic fluid from the pump is pumped into a first chamber section 25 of the chamber 14 through a first fluid channel 18, applying a hydraulic pressure on the first piston face 16, and the piston moves in a first direction, applying a projecting force on the cutting arm 9.
[0051] When the cutting arm is projected to pressure against an inner face of the well tubular metal structure and is simultaneously rotated by the motor through the rotatable shaft, the cutting edge 10B is capable of cutting through the well tubular metal structure. Hereby, it is obtained that an first section of the well tubular metal structure can be separated from a second section of the well tubular metal.
[0052] In Fig. 15, the rotatable shaft 12 supplies the fluid to the first section 25 of the chamber 14. The fluid from the pump is supplied to the shaft 12 through a circumferential groove 27 fluidly connected with a second fluid channel 28 in the second housing part 8a. Thus, the fluid from the second fluid channel 28 is distributed in the circumferential groove 27 so that the first fluid channel 18 in the rotatable shaft 12 is always supplied with pressurised fluid from the pump while rotating. The circumferential groove 27 is sealed off by means of circumferential seals 29, such as O-rings, on both sides of the circumferential groove 27.
[0053] The piston member moves 15 in the longitudinal direction of the tool 10 inside the piston chamber and divides the chamber 14 into a first chamber section 25 and a second chamber section 26. When the piston member moves in the first direction, a spring member 40 abutting the second piston face 17 opposite the first piston face 16 is compressed. As the spring member is compressed, so is the second chamber section, and the fluid therein flows out through a fourth channel 44 fluidly connected with the first channel 18. The spring member, which is a helical spring surrounding part of the piston member arranged in the second chamber section 26, is thus compressed between the second piston face 17 and the piston chamber 14. The piston member has a first end 30 extending out of the piston housing 13 and engaging the cutting arm by having a circumferential groove 31 into which a second end 32 of the cutting arm extends. The second end of the cutting arm is rounded to be able to rotate in the groove. The cutting arm is pivotably connected with the first housing around a pivot point 33. In the other and second end 34 of the piston member, the piston member extends into the shaft 12. When the piston member is moved in the first direction, a space 45 is created between the second end 34 of the piston member and the shaft. This space 45 is in fluid communication with the well fluid through a third channel 35, which is illustrated by a dotted line. In this way, the piston does not have to overcome the pressure surrounding the tool in the well. The second end 34 of the piston member is provided with two circumferential seals 36 in order to seal off the piston chamber from the dirty well fluid.
[0054] When the cutting operation is over and the well tubular metal structure has been separated in an upper and a lower part, the hydraulic pressure from the pump is no longer fed to the first channel, and the spring member forces the piston member 15 in a second direction opposite the first direction along the longitudinal direction 37 of the tool, as indicated in Fig. 15.
[0055] The downhole method may further comprises providing cement on top of the annular barrier to provide an abandonment plug and by providing a plug e.g. of cement within the well tubular metal structure, the well can then be abandoned.
[0056] A stroking tool 23 is a tool providing an axial force. The stroking tool comprises an electrical motor for driving a pump. The pump pumps fluid into a piston housing to move a piston acting therein. The piston is arranged on the stroker shaft. The pump may pump fluid into the piston housing on one side and simultaneously suck fluid out on the other side of the piston.
[0057] By fluid or well fluid is meant any kind of fluid that may be present in oil or gas wells downhole, such as natural gas, oil, oil mud, crude oil, water, etc. By gas is meant any kind of gas composition present in a well, completion, or open hole, and by oil is meant any kind of oil composition, such as crude oil, an oil-containing fluid, etc. Gas, oil, and water fluids may thus all comprise other elements or substances than gas, oil, and/or water, respectively.
[0058] By a casing or well tubular metal structure is meant any kind of pipe, tubing, tubular, liner, string etc. used downhole in relation to oil or natural gas production.
[0059] In the event that the tool is not submergible all the way into the casing, a driving unit such as a downhole tractor can be used to push the tool all the way into position in the well. The downhole tractor may have projectable arms having wheels, wherein the wheels contact the inner surface of the casing for propelling the tractor and the tool forward in the casing. A downhole tractor is any kind of driving tool capable of pushing or pulling tools in a well downhole, such as a Well Tractor®.
1. A downhole method for providing a zonal isolation at a predetermined position in an
annulus (2) between a wall (3) of a borehole (4) and a well tubular metal structure
(5) having a longitudinal extension in an existing well (1), comprising:
- inserting a downhole tool (10) in the well tubular metal structure,
- positioning the downhole tool opposite the predetermined position,
- separating a first section (6) of the well tubular metal structure from a second section (7) of the well tubular metal structure by machining into and along a circumference of the well tubular metal structure,
- inserting an unexpanded annular barrier (20) between the first section and the second section,
- expanding the annular barrier for providing zonal isolation at the predetermined position.
2. A downhole method according to claim 1, wherein separating the first section from
the second section comprising machining part of the well tubular metal structure over
a predetermined distance (d) along the longitudinal extension.
3. A downhole method according to claim 1, wherein separating the first section from
the second section comprising moving the first section from the second section after
the machining.
4. A downhole method according to claim 1, wherein separating the first section from
the second section comprising pulling the first section out of the borehole after
the machining.
5. A downhole method according to claim 4, further comprising inserting the first section
in the borehole at a distance from the second section.
6. A downhole method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein inserting the unexpanded annular
barrier is performed by a downhole tool (10).
7. A downhole method according to claim 4 and/or 5, wherein inserting the unexpanded
annular barrier (20) is performed by mounting the unexpanded annular barrier at an
end of the first section.
8. A downhole method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the annular barrier
comprises a tubular metal part (52), an expandable metal sleeve (53) connected with
and surrounding the tubular metal part providing an annular space (54) between the
tubular metal structure and the expandable metal sleeve, the tubular metal part has
an expansion opening (55).
9. A downhole method according to any of claims 1-7, wherein the annular barrier comprises
an expandable metal sleeve (53).
10. A downhole method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein expanding the
annular barrier is performed by pressurising at least a part of the well tubular metal
structure.
11. A downhole method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the pressurising
is performed by a downhole tool (10) isolating a part of the well tubular metal structure.
12. A downhole method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the pressurising
is performed by pressurising the well tubular metal structure from surface.
13. A downhole method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein expanding the annular barrier
is performed by expanding the tubular metal part and/or the expandable metal sleeve.
14. A downhole method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein expanding the annular barrier
is performed by means of a mandrel and/or an expandable bladder (61).
15. A downhole method according to claim 8, wherein expansion of the annular barrier is
performed by pressurising the tubular metal part opposite the expansion opening and
letting fluid into the annular space for expanding the expandable metal sleeve.
16. A downhole method according claim 8 or 9, wherein the expandable metal sleeve is radially
expanded between the first section and the second section to abut the wall of the
borehole.
17. A downhole method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the annular barrier
has a first barrier end (66) and a second barrier end (67), the first barrier end
is configured to overlap the first section and the second barrier end is configured
to overlap the second section.
18. A downhole method according to claim 1 further comprising providing a second zonal
isolation at a second predetermined position in the annulus between the wall of the
borehole and the well tubular metal structure.
19. A downhole system (100) for performing the downhole method according to any of the
preceding claims.