ATBECHDEDKESFRGBGRITLILUNLSEMCPTIESILTLVFIROMKCYALTRBGCZEEHUPLSK..HRIS..MTNORS..SM..................
J
BDM Ver 2.0.24 - 2100000/0
3722005
EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION
B1
20230920
EP
18885174.5
20180822
20200704
ja
en
en
2017232957
20171204
JP
20230920
202338
20201014
202042
20230920
202338
20230414
B05B 1/06 20060101AFI20210713BHEP
B05B 15/68 20180101ALI20210713BHEP
G01N 21/89 20060101ALI20210713BHEP
B21B 28/02 20060101ALI20210713BHEP
B21C 51/00 20060101ALI20210713BHEP
G01B 11/14 20060101ALI20210713BHEP
B21B 28/02 20130101 LA20190706BHEP
B21C 51/00 20130101 LA20190706BHEP
G01N 21/89 20130101 LI20190706BHEP
B05B 15/74 20180201 FI20210215BHEP
B21B 38/00 20130101 LA20210217BHEP
B21B2267/10 20130101 LA20210217BHEP
B21B2267/24 20130101 LA20210217BHEP
B21B2267/06 20130101 LA20210217BHEP
G01B 11/14 20130101 LI20210706BHEP
de
OBERFLÄCHENFOLGENDE DÜSE, BEOBACHTUNGSVORRICHTUNG FÜR DIE OBERFLÄCHE EINES SICH BEWEGENDEN OBJEKTS UND BEOBACHTUNGSVERFAHREN FÜR DIE OBERFLÄCHE EINES SICH BEWEGENDEN OBJEKTS
en
SURFACE FOLLOWING NOZZLE, OBSERVATION DEVICE FOR MOVING OBJECT SURFACE, AND OBSERVATION METHOD FOR MOVING OBJECT SURFACE
fr
BUSE DE SUIVI DE SURFACE, DISPOSITIF D'OBSERVATION D'UNE SURFACE D'OBJET EN MOUVEMENT, ET MÉTHODE D'OBSERVATION D'UNE SURFACE D'OBJET EN MOUVEMENT
EP-A1- 0 697 591
CN-A- 106 423 608
JP-A- H0 510 888
JP-A- H0 868 759
JP-A- S58 224 013
JP-A- S60 127 025
JP-A- 2004 517 324
JP-A- 2007 003 506
JP-A- 2009 085 843
JP-A- 2015 527 199
US-A- 5 331 178
US-A1- 2008 023 051
US-A1- 2015 239 027
20210719
ISEI, Yoshito
c/o NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION 6-1, Marunouchi 2-chome Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 100-8071
JP
KATO, Tomoya
c/o NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION 6-1, Marunouchi 2-chome Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 100-8071
JP
Nippon Steel Corporation
101824469
AD2237 EP S5
6-1, Marunouchi 2-chome Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 100-8071
JP
Vossius & Partner Patentanwälte Rechtsanwälte mbB
100751388
Siebertstrasse 3
81675 München
DE
AL
AT
BE
BG
CH
CY
CZ
DE
DK
EE
ES
FI
FR
GB
GR
HR
HU
IE
IS
IT
LI
LT
LU
LV
MC
MK
MT
NL
NO
PL
PT
RO
RS
SE
SI
SK
SM
TR
JP2018031014
20180822
ja
WO2019111448
20190613
201924

Technical Field
The present invention relates to a surface following system, an observation system for a moving object surface, and an observation method for a moving object surface.

Background Art
In rolling mills of steel sheets, in order to manufacture rolling steel sheets having an excellent surface and an excellent shape, it is important to grasp a surface state of a rolling roll and accurately grasp a profile, in other words, a radius distribution in a roll axial direction, thereby enabling a replacement timing of the rolling roll to be determined and enabling control with a feedback to a rolling condition or a cooling condition.
For example, a rolling roll during hot rolling at the high rolled material temperature of approximately 1000°C receives a severe thermal influence regardless that the rolling roll is cooled as the time elapses, and thus becomes a surface roughness degradation in which a surface thereof is uneven. When rolling is performed using the rolling roll on which such roughness has occurred, a scale generated on a convex portion is pressed by the rolling roll, is pushed into a rolled material, and is bitten into the steel sheet surface, whereby scale defects are generated. For this reason, the rolling amount until the roll is replaced has been determined in advance, and the roll is replaced in a planned way, however, in this method, the rolling amount needs to be set focusing on the safe side, which has caused lowering of the availability factor.
In a rolling roll during hot rolling, when a rolled material is stretched with a high rolling force, the roll expands in the radial direction by heat, and a roll diameter decreases by wear only at a portion through which the rolled material has passed. Changes in a diameter in the roll axial direction, in other words, a profile, cannot be accurately grasped to cause the generation of a thickness failure in the rolled material and a shape failure. Therefore, the expansion and wear amounts by heat have been conventionally estimated by a computer from data such as the actual condition of the rolled material and the roll coolant amount to obtain a rolling roll profile, however, the accuracy of this method is not high, and thus a shape failure has occurred.
As measures to such problems, have been proposed a roll surface observation method in which a roll surface is photographed by a camera, and a method in which a distance from a predetermined position to a roll surface is measured by an ultrasonic range finder or the like to calculate a roll radius, and a roll profile is measured on the basis of the calculated value.
A device for observing a surface of a rolling roll described in PTL 1 supplies water to the rolling roll from a nozzle, forms a water column between the rolling roll and the nozzle, and photographs a roll surface by a camera via the formed water column.
A method of measuring a roll profile described in PTL 2 includes generating a water column between a probe into which an ultrasonic range finder is embedded and a rolling roll, obtaining a distance from the time during when pulsed ultrasonic emitted from the range finder reciprocates between the probe and the roll surface, and scanning the range finder along a guide rail in a roll axial direction, thereby measuring the roll profile.
A surface inspection device described in PTL 3 includes an inspection device having a light source and a light receiving part, a cylindrical nozzle provided along an axis of light beams that are emitted from the light source, and a movable nozzle provided in the inside of the cylindrical nozzle. The movable nozzle is pushed out toward a rolling roll by water passing through the movable nozzle from the cylindrical nozzle, and a gap between the movable nozzle and the rolling roll is adjusted by the flow velocity of the water.

Citation List

Patent Literatures
- PTL 1: JP-A-2009-85843
- PTL 2: JP-A-7-229733
- PTL 3: JP-T-2004-517324
In further prior art, US 2008/0023051 A1 discloses a deposit removing device and US 2015/0239027 A1 discloses a method and device for cooling surfaces in casting installations, rolling installations or other strip processing lines. An optical surface inspecting system for inspecting the surface of a rolling roll having a mechanism for keeping clean a window through which a camera detects a condition of the rolling roll is disclosed in US 5,331,178. An inspecting device for a rolling mill roll surface is disclosed in EP 0 697 591 A1.

Summary of Invention

Technical Problem
In any of the methods of PTLs 1 to 3, in order to secure a measurement route in a large amount of cooling water, a water column is required to be formed between the rolling roll and the observation camera or the range finder. Bubbles are generated in an inside of such a water column by an interference between the roll and the cooling water. The bubbles may cause a failure in the observation and noise in the ultrasonic range finder, which results in a failure in the measurement in some cases. A highly accurate optical sensor such as a laser range finder cannot be applied in the measurement in which water that easily causes variations in refractive index by the flow rate and the temperature is used as a medium.
The present invention aims to provide a surface following nozzle, an observation device for a moving object surface, and an observation method for a moving object surface that can remove water in the vicinity of the nozzle while following changes in the shape and changes in the distance of a moving object.

Solution to Problem
A surface following system according to the present invention is defined in independent claim 1.
An observation system for a moving object surface according to the present invention is defined in dependent claim 9.
An observation method for a moving object surface according to the present invention is defined in independent claim 10.

Advantageous Effects of Invention
The surface following nozzle in the present invention can follow changes in the shape and changes in the distance of the moving object because the extending and contracting part extends and contracts. Gas is injected from the nozzle at a predetermined flow velocity to enable water in the vicinity of the nozzle tip end to be removed. Accordingly, by using the surface following nozzle, it is possible to observe the moving object surface without receiving an influence by the water.

Brief Description of Drawings
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a hot rolling mill to which an observation device according to an embodiment is applied.
- Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating the observation device according to the present embodiment.
- Fig. 3 is a partial cross-sectional diagram of a nozzle according to the present embodiment.
- Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating a relation between a gap between a nozzle tip end and a moving object surface, and a nozzle back pressure.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a device used in an experiment (1).
- Figs. 6A and 6B are graphs illustrating a result of the experiment (1); and Fig. 6A is a graph illustrating a relation between the gap and a flow rate and Fig. 6B is a graph illustrating a relation between the nozzle back pressure and the flow rate.
- Figs. 7A and 7B are graphs of an experiment result at the flow rate of 1000 L/min by being taken out; and Fig. 7A is a graph illustrating a relation between a push-in amount and the nozzle back pressure and Fig. 7B is a graph illustrating a relation between the gap and the nozzle back pressure.
- Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a device used in an experiment (2).
- Figs. 9A to 9C are graphs illustrating results of the experiment (2); and Fig. 9A illustrates the result at the push-in amount of 0 mm, Fig. 9B illustrates the result at the push-in amount of 6 mm, and Fig. 9C illustrates the result at the push-in amount of 12 mm.

Description of Embodiments
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in details with reference to the drawings.

(Entire Configuration)
A hot rolling mill 10 illustrated in Fig. 1 is provided with a heating furnace 12, and a rolling mill 13 at a downstream side of the heating furnace 12. The heating furnace 12 blows flames on a rolled material 18 serving as a moving object carried in from an upstream side, thereby heating the rolled material 18. The rolled material 18 after having been heated in the heating furnace 12 is conveyed to the downstream side, and is shifted to a rolling process by the rolling mill 13.
The rolling mill 13 causes the conveyed rolled material 18 to pass through between a pair of cylindrical hot rolling rolls (hereinafter, rolling rolls) 14, and rolls the conveyed rolled material 18 in a predetermined thickness. The actual hot rolling mill 10 is provided with a plurality of the rolling mills 13. Cooling water supplying parts 16 are provided in the rolling mill 13. The cooling water supplying part 16 is disposed at an upstream side of the rolling mill 13, and supplies cooling water to the rolling rolls 14 from the upstream side.
Observation devices 20 are respectively disposed closer to the rolled material 18 than the cooling water supplying parts 16. The observation devices 20 respectively observe surfaces of the rolling rolls 14 immediately prior to coming into contact with the surface of the rolled material 18.
As illustrated in Fig. 2, the observation device 20 is provided with a surface following nozzle 22, an environment box 24, and an optical observing part 26. The surface following nozzle 22 includes a nozzle 28, an extending and contracting part 30, and a separating part 32. In the present description, a tip end (rolling roll side) of the surface following nozzle 22 is referred to as a front side, and a base end (environment box side) thereof is referred to as a rear side.
The nozzle 28 injects gas from the nozzle tip end toward a surface of the rolling roll 14, and removes cooling water in the vicinity of the tip end of the nozzle. In the case of the present embodiment, the nozzle 28 includes an inner nozzle 34, and an outer nozzle 36 disposed outside the inner nozzle 34. The inner nozzle 34 is a tubular member having a cavity that is tapered toward a tip end thereof, and is provided with a flange portion 35 protruding toward the outer side on a base end of the inner nozzle 34. The outer nozzle 36 is a tubular member having an inner diameter larger than that of the inner nozzle 34, and is provided with an edge portion 37 protruding toward the inner side on a tip end thereof. The inner nozzle 34 can be retracted inside the outer nozzle 36, and can protrude with respect to the outer nozzle 36 only before the flange portion 35 comes into contact with the edge portion 37.
The nozzle tip end includes a flat surface 29 facing the surface of the rolling roll 14. The flat surface 29 is a plane parallel to a direction orthogonal to an axial direction of the nozzle 28. In particular, in a case of the rolling roll 14 that is a cylindrical rotor, even when a shift occurs between a normal line passing through a measurement point at the center on the roll surface and the nozzle center axis (an observation optical path L) , the area in the flat portion needs to be secured in order that the roll surface faces the flat surface 29 on the nozzle tip end. The cavity of the inner nozzle 34 is tapered toward the tip end to generate a pressure loss, and the inner nozzle 34 protrudes with respect to the outer nozzle 36. The nozzle tip end having an outer diameter being too thick increases the weight thereof and makes an extending and contracting motion difficult. Therefore, the outer diameter of the flat surface 29 is desirably about twice to four times a nozzle bore d (Fig. 3) . Being orthogonal is not limited to a case of being strict orthogonal, but includes a case of being slightly shifted.
In the nozzle 28, the inner nozzle 34 and the outer nozzle 36 are not necessarily formed of the same material. At least the inner nozzle 34 is formed of a material softer than that of the rolling rolls 14. As for the inner nozzle 34, a material having a small friction coefficient, for example, a material containing a solid lubricant is preferable. Specifically, the inner nozzle 34 is preferably formed of a material in which a solid lubricant that improves a lubricating performance, and glass fiber serving as reinforcement fiber are mixed into a phenol resin. As the solid lubricant, graphite, molybdenum disulfide, and the like can be used. The inner nozzle 34 is formed of such a soft material to preferably prevent the rolling roll 14 from being damaged when the tip end of the inner nozzle 34 comes into contact with the rolling roll 14.
The outer nozzle 36 is provided with a first gas inlet 38 and a second gas inlet 40. The first gas inlet 38 communicates with an inside of the outer nozzle 36. Gas supplied to the first gas inlet 38 is injected to an outside through the inside of the outer nozzle 36 from the tip end of the inner nozzle 34. The gas raises the nozzle back pressure to cause the inner nozzle 34 to protrude with respect to the outer nozzle 36. The second gas inlet 40 communicates with a portion between the flange portion 35 and the edge portion 37. Gas supplied to the second gas inlet 40 retracts the inner nozzle 34 having protruded from the outer nozzle 36 to the inside of the outer nozzle 36.
The extending and contracting part 30 is provided at a rear side of the nozzle 28 via the separating part 32. The separating part 32 closes a base end of the nozzle 28. The separating part 32 holds the airtightness so as to prevent the gas supplied to the nozzle 28 from flowing into the extending and contracting part 30. An optical window 48 is fitted into the separating part 32. The optical window 48 is a plate made of glass or resin that allows light emitted from the optical observing part 26 and light reflected on the rolling rolls 14 to pass therethrough.
The extending and contracting part 30 includes an inner tube part 44, an outer tube part 46, and a bellows spring 42 serving as an elastic body. The inner tube part 44 has one tip end that is connected to the separating part 32, and the other end that is inserted into a tip end of the outer tube part 4 6. The outer tube part 46 has a base end that is connected to a tip end side surface of the environment box 24. The inner tube part 44 has a base end side that can freely be entering and exiting with respect to the outer tube part 46. The inner tube part 44 and the outer tube part 46 are disposed in an inside of the bellows spring 42. The bellows spring 42 has one end that is in contact with a surface of the separating part 32 and the other end that is in contact with the tip end side surface of the environment box 24, and applies a forward force with respect to the nozzle 28 via the separating part 32. The extending and contracting part 30 extends and contracts along the axial direction of the nozzle 28 because the inner tube part 44 enters into and exits from an inside of the outer tube part 46 with the extension and contraction of the bellows spring 42.
The environment box 24 includes an opening 25 on the tip end side surface, and houses the optical observing part 26 in an inside thereof. A base end of the outer tube part 46 is connected to the environment box 24 so as to surround the opening 25. The observation optical path L is formed on a straight line from the opening 25 to the tip end of the inner nozzle 34. As the optical observing part 26, the illumination and a two-dimensional camera, an optical range finder, a laser Doppler velocimeter, a radiation thermometer, or the like can be used.
When the illumination and a two-dimensional camera are used as the optical observing part 26, the surface of the rolling roll 14 is illuminated, and the two-dimensional camera images an image of the surface. It is possible to grasp a surface roughness degradation of the surface of the rolling roll 14 on the basis of the imaged image, and to accurately determine the timing of replacement of the roll and the timing of the surface maintenance.
When an optical range finder is used as the optical observing part 26, the surface of the rolling roll 14 is irradiated with laser light, and the time to when scatter light from the rolling rolls 14 is received and a position are measured, thereby measuring a distance to the surface of the rolling roll 14.
When a laser Doppler velocimeter is used as the optical observing part 26, the surface of the rolling roll 14 is irradiated with laser light, and the traveling velocity of the surface of the rolling roll 14 is measured using the frequency being shifted due to the Doppler effect of scatter light from the rolling roll 14. The distance to the surface of the rolling roll 14 or the traveling velocity of the surface of the rolling roll 14 measured by the optical observing part 26 is output to a computing apparatus, which is not illustrated. The computing apparatus calculates, on the basis of the distance to the roll surface and the traveling velocity of the roll surface, a change in the outer diameter due to the expansion of the rolling roll 14 and wear. It is possible to accurately determine the timing of replacement of the roll and the timing of the surface maintenance, on the basis of the calculated change in the outer diameter due to the expansion of the rolling roll 14 and wear.
When a radiation thermometer is used as the optical observing part 26, the intensity of infrared rays emitted from the rolling roll 14 is measured, thereby measuring a temperature on the surface of the rolling roll 14. It is possible to specify, on the basis of the measured temperature, causes of the thermal expansion that changes a roll profile and of a surface temperature rise that makes the surface of the rolling roll 14 rough.
A gap G between the nozzle tip end and the surface of the rolling roll 14 will be described with reference to Fig. 3. In order to remove cooling water W in the vicinity of the nozzle tip end by injecting gas, gas having a momentum that exceeds a momentum of the cooling water W needs to be injected. In the case of the present embodiment, the size of the gap G was controlled in a predetermined range to enhance the flow velocity of gas to be injected, thereby obtaining gas having a momentum that exceeds a momentum of the cooling water W.
Hereinafter, a conditional expression for enhancing the flow velocity of gas to be injected by narrowing down the gap G is derived. When a nozzle bore is set as d[m], a nozzle discharge area S_N [m^2] can be expressed by the following formula (6) .
S
N
=
π
d
/
2
2
When a gap is set as G[m], an area S_G [m^2] of the gap G at the nozzle tip end is obtained by the following formula (7) . The area S_G [m^2] of the gap G at the nozzle tip end refers to an area of an opening portion orthogonal to a direction along which gas flows in the gap G between the nozzle tip end and the surface of the rolling roll 14.
S
G
=
π
dG
In order to enhance the flow velocity of gas to be injected by controlling the size of the gap G within a predetermined range, the area S_G of the gap G needs to be smaller than the nozzle discharge area S_N, and a condition of the following formula (8) thus needs to be satisfied.
S
G
<
S
N
π
dG
<
π
d
/
2
2
G
<
d
/
4
Next, a conditional expression for eliminating the cooling water W that moves together with the surface of the rolling roll 14 moving at a velocity V [m/s], by the gas the flow velocity of which is increased, is derived. The gas jetted out from the nozzle 28 flows into the gap G between the flat surface 29 on the nozzle tip end and the surface of the rolling roll 14, and flows along the surface of the rolling roll 14 at a flow velocity of V_A [m/s]. When a flow rate of the gas is set as Q [m^3/s], the flow velocity V_A [m/s] of the gas is expressed by the following formula (9).
V
A
=
Q
/
S
G
=
Q
/
π
dG
Accordingly, when a density of gas is set as ρ_A [kg/m^3], and a collision cross-sectional area is set as S [m^2], a momentum p_A [kg m/s] of the gas is obtained by the following formula (10) .
p
A
=
ρ
A
V
A
2
S
Meanwhile, when a density of the cooling water W is set as ρ_W [kg/m^3], the velocity of the cooling water W in the surrounding of the nozzle tip end is equal to the velocity V [m/s] of the rolling rolls 14, so that a momentum pw [kg m/s] is obtained by the following formula (11).
p
W
=
p
W
V
2
S
Here, the cooling water W can be eliminated when the momentum of the gas is larger than the momentum of the cooling water W, so that a condition of the following formula (12) is derived.
p
A
>
p
W
ρ
A
V
A
2
S
>
ρ
W
V
2
S
ρ
W
/
ρ
A
1
/
2
>
V
A
/
V
Meanwhile, the pressure loss becomes large as the gap G becomes narrow, so that a selectable lower limit of the gap G is determined by the maximum pressure of the gas to be supplied. Generally, a compressor is used for supply of compressed gas, which has the maximum pressure of 0.7 MPa, and the flow rate can be corresponded by selecting of the size of the compressor. When the area of the gap G on the nozzle tip end is set as S_G [m^2] and a nozzle back pressure is set as P [Pa], by the Bernoulli theorem, the flow rate Q [m^3/s] of the gas has a relation of the following formula (13).
Q
=
S
G
2
/
ρ
A
1
/
2
P
1
/
2
When the flow rate is constant, the gap G is inversely proportional to the square root of the nozzle back pressure P.
Q
=
π
dG
2
/
ρ
A
1
/
2
P
1
/
2
V_A=Q/S_G is established, from the formula (12) and the formula (13)
V
ρ
W
/
ρ
A
1
/
2
>
2
/
ρ
A
1
/
2
P
1
/
2
P
>
ρ
W
V
2
/
2
The abovementioned formula needs to be satisfied at a maximum velocity V_{max}, so that an allowable minimum pressure P_{min} can be expressed as follows.
P
min
=
ρ
W
V
max
2
/
2
Here, when V_{max}=15 m/s and ρ_W=997 kg/m^3 are established, P_{min}=0.11 MPa is obtained. In other words, the gap G needs to be narrowed such that the nozzle back pressure becomes 0.11 MPa or more.
When a spring constant of the bellows spring 42 is set as k [N/m], a contraction amount is set as x[m], the nozzle back pressure is set as P [Pa], and the nozzle discharge area is set as S_N [m^2], by Hooke's law and a balance of forces, the following formula (14) is established.
kx
=
PS
N
Here, when a contraction amount at a maximum pressure P_{max} that can be supplied is set as x_{max},
kx
max
=
P
max
S
N
when a contraction amount at the minimum pressure P_{min} is set as x_{min},
kx
min
=
P
min
S
N
with these two formulas,
k
x
max
−
x
min
=
P
max
−
P
min
S
N
is obtained.
When a necessary followed distance changing amount is set as x_r, within the range of x_r, in order to secure a momentum that can eliminate cooling water and the gap G, the bellows spring 42 needs to be pushed back by the nozzle back pressure and to be contracted, so that the spring constant k needs to satisfy the following formula (15) in order to satisfy x_r< (x_{max}-x_{min}).
kx
r
<
P
max
−
P
min
S
N
k
<
P
max
−
P
min
S
N
/
x
r
Fig. 4 illustrates the relation obtained by an experiment between the gap G and the nozzle back pressure. In the experiment, in a state where the bellows spring 42 is fixed and neither expands nor contracts, the size of the gap G between the tip end of the nozzle 28 and the surface of the rolling roll 14 is changed, and the relation with the nozzle back pressure was checked. The nozzle bore d was set as ϕ15 mm, and the flow rate Q was 1000 L/min (constant). The gap G in a state where the nozzle tip end is in contact with the surface of the rolling roll 14 was set as zero. As for the nozzle back pressure, the pressure inside the nozzle was measured by the pressure gage. Within a change range 0.5 MPa (0.1 to 0.6 MPa) of the nozzle back pressure, the fact that the gap G of 0.3 mm or more can be held was identified.
When the contraction amount in the nozzle bore of ϕ15 mm and the maximum pressure of 0.5 MPa is set to 17 mm, k=5.19 N/mm is obtained. In other words, by selecting a bellows spring having a spring constant k of 5.19 N/mm or less, in the pressure change width of 0.5 MPa of the gas, the rolling roll 14 the position of which has been changed by 17 mm can be followed. The extension and contraction amount corresponding to the position of the rolling roll 14 is referred to as a followed distance changing amount of the surface following nozzle. In this case, the followed distance changing amount is 17 mm.

(Operation And Effect)
An operation and an effect of the observation device 20 will be described. Firstly, the inner nozzle 34 is pulled out from the outer nozzle 36, and the tip end of the inner nozzle 34 is brought into contact with the rolling roll 14 in a stop state. At this time, the flange portion 35 is not in contact with the edge portion 37, and the nozzle 28 is not being entirely extended.
Next, compressed gas is supplied to the first gas inlet 38. The gas is controlled such that the flow rate becomes uniform. The gas supplied to the first gas inlet 38 raises the pressure in the inside of the nozzle 28 (nozzle back pressure). The nozzle back pressure generates a rearward force in the separating part 32. When the force becomes larger than the forward force by the bellows spring 42, the extending and contracting part 30 contracts. When the extending and contracting part 30 contracts, the outer nozzle 36 moves to the rear side integrally with the extending and contracting part 30 due to the cavity of the inner nozzle 34 being tapered toward the tip end. The inner nozzle 34 protrudes from the outer nozzle 36 until the flange portion 35 comes into contact with the edge portion 37. In this manner, the nozzle 28 entirely extends.
A further rise in the nozzle back pressure causes further contraction of the extending and contracting part 30 to generate the gap G between the nozzle tip end and the rolling roll 14. Compressed gas in the inside of the nozzle is injected to the outside from the nozzle tip end through the gap G. Actually, the gap G is widened to result in a gentle rise of the nozzle back pressure, and when a force to push out the separating part 32 toward the rear direction by the nozzle back pressure and a force by the bellows spring 42 to push out the nozzle 28 toward the front direction are balanced with each other, the rise in the nozzle back pressure and the contraction of the extending and contracting part 30 are stopped. The gap G at this point is referred to as an initial gap.
The inner nozzle 34 is held in a state of being protruded from the outer nozzle 36 by the gas injected. The nozzle 28 having the base end that is closed by the separating part 32 is separated from the extending and contracting part 30, so that the inner nozzle 34 maintains a protruded state even when the extending and contracting part 30 extends and contracts, and a volume in the inside of the nozzle 28 is uniformly held. As illustrated in Fig. 4, the nozzle back pressure and the gap G have a correlation relation, so that the size of the gap G can be estimated by measuring the nozzle back pressure when the flow rate is constant.
Subsequently, an operation of the rolling mill 13 is started. In other words, the rolling rolls 14 are caused to rotate, and the cooling water W is supplied to the rolling rolls 14. The cooling water W adheres on the surfaces of the rolling rolls 14, and rotates integrally with the rolling rolls 14.
In the vicinity of the nozzle tip end of the observation device 20, the cooling water W is removed by the gas injected from the nozzle tip end. The cooling water W flows on the surface of the rolling roll 14 so as to avoid the nozzle tip end. Light emitted from the optical observing part 26 travels on the observation optical path L. Because the cooling water W in the vicinity of the nozzle tip end has been removed, light emitted from the optical observing part 26 reaches the surface of the rolling roll 14 without being interrupted by the cooling water W. Similarly, light reflected on the rolling roll 14 also reaches the optical observing part 26. Therefore, the observation device 20 can observe the surface of the rolling roll 14 by the optical observing part 26 without being received by an influence of the cooling water W.
The optical observing part cannot be applied to the conventional observation device that has used the water column. In other words, bubbles are generated in the inside of the conventional observation device that uses the water column by an interference between the roll and the cooling water. The bubbles may cause a failure in the observation and noise in the ultrasonic range finder, which result in a failure in the measurement in some cases. Moreover, water easily causes variations in refractive index by the flow rate and the temperature, so that the use of the optical observing part such as a laser range finder remarkably lowers the accuracy. Therefore, the conventional observation device that has used the water column cannot observe the surface of the rolling roll by applying the optical observing part.
When the rolling roll 14 that is rolling the rolled material 18 is expanded by the heat of the rolled material 18, the gap G becomes small. When the gap G becomes small, the nozzle back pressure rises (Fig. 4). The extending and contracting part 30 contracts until a force by the bellows spring 42 to push out the separating part 32 in the front direction and a force by the risen nozzle back pressure to push out the separating part 32 in the rear direction are balanced with each other. The extending and contracting part 30 contracts to cause the gap G to return to a state to the same extent as the initial gap, and gas having a predetermined flow velocity is injected from the nozzle tip end.
When the rolling roll 14 that is rolling the rolled material 18 contracts in the radial direction by wear, the gap G becomes large. When the gap G becomes large, the nozzle back pressure is lowered (Fig. 4). The extending and contracting part 30 extends until a force by the bellows spring 42 to push out the separating part 32 in the front direction and a force by the lowered nozzle back pressure to push out the separating part 32 in the rear direction are balanced with each other. The extending and contracting part 30 extends to cause the gap G to return to a state to the same extent as the initial gap, and gas having a predetermined flow velocity is injected from the nozzle tip end.
As in the foregoing, the surface following nozzle 22 controls the gap G so as to come close to the initial gap in such a manner that the extending and contracting part 30 extends and contracts in accordance with the position of the surface of the rolling roll 14 having been changed by the expansion and contraction of the rolling roll 14. Therefore, even when the position of the rolling roll 14 is changed, the observation device 20 can remove the cooling water W in the vicinity of the nozzle tip end by injecting gas at the predetermined flow velocity, and thus can observe the surface of the rolling roll 14 without being received by an influence of the cooling water W. The extending and contracting part 30 is provided between the separating part 32 and the environment box 24, so that the environment box 24 is not moved even when the surface following nozzle 22 extends and contracts by following the rolling roll 14. The surface following nozzle 22 follows changes in the shape and changes in the distance of the rolling roll 14 by a balance between a force that is generated by the nozzle back pressure acting on the separating part 32 and a force that is generated by the bellows spring 42, so that the flow rate of gas does not need to be controlled.
When the rolling roll 14 is replaced, the rotation of the rolling roll 14, the supply of the cooling water W, the supply of gas to the first gas inlet 38 are stopped. Next, compressed gas is supplied between the flange portion 35 and the edge portion 37 via the second gas inlet 40. The gas backs the inner nozzle 34 to the inside of the outer nozzle 36, and the nozzle 28 contracts. The nozzle 28 is contracted to allow the rolling roll 14 to be easily replaced. A change in radius of the rolling roll 14 may occur due to the replacement of the rolling roll 14 in some cases, however, it is possible to secure a field of view of the optical observing part 26 by the following nozzle following the roll surface as long as the radius changing amount is within the followed distance changing amount of the following nozzle.

(Example)
An effect of the surface following nozzle 22 was actually verified using an experiment device illustrated in Fig. 5. A pipe provided with a flow meter 50, a valve 54, and a pressure gage 52 is connected to the first gas inlet 38. Compressed air serving as gas is supplied to the pipe from a compressed gas supply device, which is not illustrated. The nozzle bore was set as ϕ15 mm. As the bellows spring 42, a bellows spring made of SUS (spring constant k : 5 N/mm, 14 ridges, equilibrium length : 67 mm, extension and contraction amount : 17 mm or more) was used. The flow meter 50 measures the flow rate of compressed air passing through the pipe between the compressed gas supply device and the nozzle 28. The pressure gage 52 measures the nozzle back pressure. As a moving object, a simulation roll 14 having a diameter of 400 mm was used. The gap G was measured from an image obtained by macro photographing a portion between the nozzle tip end and the simulation roll 14. In the experiment device illustrated in this diagram, in a state where the nozzle 28 is entirely extended, the push-in amount at a position where the nozzle tip end comes into contact with a surface of the simulation roll 14 was set to 0 mm, changes in the gap G and the flow rate when the observation device 20 is caused to move toward the simulation roll 14 were measured. Fig. 6A and Fig. 6B each illustrates a result thereof. In Fig. 6A, the horizontal axis represents the gap (mm) and the longitudinal axis represents the flow rate (L/min). In Fig. 6B, the horizontal axis represents the nozzle back pressure (MPa), and the longitudinal axis represents the flow rate (L/min) . In the respective push-in amounts, the gap G and the flow rate have an approximate proportional relation, and as the push-in amount is larger, the gap G is more difficult to be widened. Meanwhile, the nozzle back pressure gently rises as the flow rate increases, so that it has been found that the nozzle back pressure becomes higher as the push-in amount is larger.
Fig. 7A illustrates a relation between the push-in amount and the nozzle back pressure, and Fig. 7B illustrates a relation between the gap G and the nozzle back pressure, at the time when the flow rate Q is 1000 L/min. It has been identified that the bellows used this time can secure the gap G of 0.3 mm, which is approximately in accordance with the design, also at the push-in amount of 15 mm, by the nozzle back pressure of 0.5 MPa. The push-in amount and the nozzle back pressure are coincident with those in the relation formula (abovementioned formula (13)) in which the bellows is not used. Therefore, it has been understood that the measurement of the nozzle back pressure enables the push-in amount to be estimated. The nozzle back pressure and the size of the gap G also have a correlation, so that the size of the gap G can also be estimated from the nozzle back pressure. The maximum gap is 0.8 mm when the push-in amount is 0 mm. A velocity V of the moving object that can eliminate the cooling water at this time is 15. 9 m/s, from the formula (12) (ρ_A : 1.293 kg/m^3 (compressed air is used), ρ_W : 997 kg/m^3) . In other words, under the abovementioned condition, when the rotation velocity of the roll is 15.9 m/s or less, the cooling water can be eliminated.
Next, an effect by the observation device 20 is verified using an experiment device illustrated in Fig. 8. As a moving object, a disc 14 was used. Compressed air having a flow rate of 1000 L/min (constant) was supplied to the first gas inlet 38. In a state where the nozzle 28 is extended, the field-of-view securing property when the push-in amount in a state where the nozzle tip end is in contact with a surface of the disc 14 is set to 0 mm, and the observation device 20 is caused to move toward the disc 14 by 6 mm and 12 mm, was identified. The surface velocity of the disc 14 was set to 95, 300, and 730 mpm (respectively, 1.6 m/s, 5 m/s, and 12.2 m/s) of three types. In a case where water was supplied to the disc 14 (with water) and in a case where no water was supplied (without water), the optical observing part 26 housed in the inside of the environment box 24 irradiated a moving object surface with light, received scatter light from the moving object, and measured the signal strength of the scatter light. Figs. 9A to 9C illustrate results thereof. In Figs. 9A to 9C, the horizontal axis represents the velocity (mpm) and the longitudinal axis represents the signal strength (dB) ; and Fig. 9A illustrates the result at the push-in amount of 0 mm, Fig. 9B illustrates the result at the push-in amount of 6 mm, and Fig. 9C illustrates the result at the push-in amount of 12 mm. No difference in signal strength based on the presence or absence of water was recognized. Therefore, the water was removed in the surface following nozzle 22, so that the observation device 20 can observe the moving object surface without receiving an influence by the water.

(Modification Example)
The present invention is not limited to the abovementioned embodiment, but can be changed as appropriate within the scope of the present invention.
The case where the present invention is applied to a rolling roll serving as a moving object has been described, however, the present invention is not limited thereto, but can be applied to an axisymmetric shape object such as a pipe and a machine component. Moreover, the present invention can be applied to, not limited to the axisymmetric shape object, a planar moving object, such as a steel sheet during cooling, as long as a distance change range to the surface is within the followed distance change of the following nozzle, and the surface observation, the temperature measurement, the length measurement, and the like, of a target moving object, can be performed. The case where the present invention is applied to a hot rolling roll serving as a moving object has been described, however, the present invention is not limited thereto, but can be applied to a cold rolling mill roll.
The case where the bellows spring 42 is used as an elastic body has been described, however, the present invention is not limited thereto, but for example, a coil spring, rubber, or the like may be used.

Reference Signs List
14:
rolling roll (moving object)
20:
observation device
22:
surface following nozzle
24:
environment box
26:
optical observing part
28:
nozzle
29:
flat surface
30:
extending and contracting part
32:
separating part
34:
inner nozzle
36:
outer nozzle
42:
bellows spring (elastic body)
48:
optical window
50:
flow meter
52:
pressure gage
1. A surface following system, comprising:
a cooling water supplying part (16) configured to supply cooling water (W) to a surface of a moving object (14);
a gas supply device; and
a surface following nozzle (22) connected to the gas supply device via a pipe and configured to inject gas supplied from the gas supply device toward the surface of the moving object (14), the surface following nozzle (22) comprising:
a nozzle (28) configured to inject the gas from a tip end thereof;
a separating part (32) configured to close a base end of the nozzle (28); and
an extending and contracting part (30) that is provided at a rear side of the nozzle (28) via the separating part (32), and configured to extend and contract along an axial direction of the nozzle (28), wherein
the extending and contracting part (30) includes an elastic body (42) configured to apply a forward force with respect to the nozzle (28) via the separating part (32),
the surface following nozzle (22) is configured to follow changes in the shape and changes in the distance of the moving object (14) by a balance between a rearward force in the separating part (32) that is generated by a pressure in the inside of the nozzle (28) and the forward force that is generated by the elastic body (42),
the system being configured such that when a spring constant of the elastic body (42) is set as k [N/m], a necessary followed distance changing amount is set as x_r[m], a maximum pressure of gas that can be supplied is set as P_{max} [Pa], a minimum pressure of allowable gas is set as P_{min} [Pa], a nozzle discharge area is set as S_N [m^2], a maximum velocity of the cooling water (W) in a vicinity of the tip end of the nozzle (28) is set as V_{max}, and a density of the cooling water (W) is set as ρ_W [kg/m^3], the spring constant k of the elastic body (42) satisfies following formulas (1) and (2),
a contraction amount x[m] of the elastic body is within a range from x_{min} to x_{max} indicated by following formulas (3) and (4), and
the gas has a momentum that exceeds a momentum of the cooling water (W).
k
<
P
max
−
P
min
S
N
/
x
r
P
min
=
ρ
W
V
max
2
/
2
x
min
=
P
min
S
N
/
k
x
max
=
P
max
S
N
/
k
2. The surface following system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a flow meter (50) provided to the pipe that is connected to the nozzle (28) and configured to supply the gas to the nozzle (28); and
a pressure gage (52) configured to measure a pressure in an inside of the nozzle (28).
3. The surface following system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the elastic body (42) is a bellows.
4. The surface following system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the nozzle (28) includes an inner nozzle (34), and an outer nozzle (36) coaxially provided to the inner nozzle (34), and by a pressure of the gas to be injected, the inner nozzle protrudes with respect to the outer nozzle.
5. The surface following system according to claim 4, wherein a material for the inner nozzle contains a phenol resin, a solid lubricant, and reinforcement fiber.
6. The surface following system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the surface following nozzle (22) includes a flat surface (29) that is parallel to a direction orthogonal to the axial direction at the tip end of the nozzle (28), and the tip end of the nozzle (28) has an outer diameter twice to four times an inner diameter.
7. The surface following system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a cavity of the nozzle (28) is tapered toward the tip end.
8. The surface following system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the separating part (32) includes an optical window (48).
9. An observation system for a moving object surface, comprising:
the surface following system according to claim 8;
an environment box (24) provided at a rear side of the surface following nozzle (22); and
an optical observing part (26) housed inside the environment box, wherein
an observation optical path is provided from the optical observing part over the tip end of the nozzle (28).
10. An observation method for a moving object surface, comprising:
monitoring a moving object (14), using the observation system for the moving object surface according to claim 9; and
determining a timing to replace the moving object (14) or controlling a use condition of the moving object (14).
11. The observation method for a moving object surface according to claim 10, wherein when a bore of the nozzle (28) is set as d[m], a density of the gas is set as ρ_A [kg/m^3], a density of the cooling water (W) is set as ρ_W [kg/m^3], a velocity of the moving object (14) is set as V [m/s], a flow rate of the gas to be jetted is set as Q [m^3/s], and a gap between the surface of the moving object (14) and the tip end of the nozzle (28) is set as G[m], a following formula (5) is satisfied.
ρ
A
/
ρ
W
1
/
2
Q
/
π
dV
>
G
12. The observation method for a moving object surface according to claim 11, wherein based on a flow rate of the gas flowing through the pipe through which the gas is supplied to the nozzle (28) and a nozzle back pressure, at least either one of a push-in amount of the elastic body (42) and a size of the gap between the tip end of the nozzle (28) and the surface of the moving object (14) is estimated.
1. Oberflächenfolgendes System, aufweisend:
einen Kühlwasserzufuhrteil (16), der konfiguriert ist, einer Oberfläche eines sich bewegenden Objekts (14) Kühlwasser (W) zuzuführen;
eine Gaszufuhrvorrichtung; und
eine oberflächenfolgende Düse (22), die über ein Rohr mit der Gaszufuhrvorrichtung verbunden ist und konfiguriert ist, aus der Gaszufuhrvorrichtung zugeführtes Gas hin zu der Oberfläche des sich bewegenden Objekts (14) zu injizieren, wobei die oberflächenfolgende Düse (22) aufweist:
eine Düse (28), die konfiguriert ist, das Gas aus ihrem spitzen Ende zu injizieren,
einen Separationsteil (32), der konfiguriert ist, ein Basisende der Düse (28) zu schließen; und
einen sich ausdehnenden und zusammenziehenden Teil (30), der an einer Rückseite der Düse (28) via den Separationsteil (32) bereitgestellt ist und konfiguriert ist, sich entlang einer axialen Richtung der Düse (28) auszudehnen und zusammenzuziehen, wobei
der sich ausdehnende und zusammenziehende Teil (30) einen elastischen Körper (42) aufweist, der konfiguriert ist, via den Separationsteil (32) eine vorwärts gerichtete Kraft bezüglich der Düse (28) auszuüben,
wobei die oberflächenfolgende Düse (22) konfiguriert ist, durch eine Balance zwischen einer durch einen Druck im Innern der Düse (28) erzeugten rückwärts gerichteten Kraft in dem Separationsteil (32) und der von dem elastischen Körper (42) erzeugten vorwärts gerichteten Kraft den Gestaltänderungen und Abstandsänderungen des sich bewegenden Objekts (14) zu folgen,
wobei das System derart konfiguriert ist, dass, wenn
k [N/m] eine Federkonstante des elastischen Körpers (42) ist,
x_r [m] ein erforderlicher Änderungsbetrag des gefolgten Abstands ist,
P_{max} [Pa] ein maximaler Gasdruck ist, der bereitgestellt werden kann,
P_{min} [Pa] ein minimaler Druck zulässigen Gases ist,
S_N [m^2] eine Düsenausstromfläche ist,
V_{max} eine maximale Geschwindigkeit des Kühlwassers (W) in einer unmittelbaren Umgebung des spitzen Endes der Düse (28) ist, und
ρ_W [kg/m^3] eine Dichte des Kühlwassers (W) ist,
die Federkonstante k des elastischen Körpers (42) nachstehende Formeln (1) und (2) erfüllt,
ein Zusammenziehbetrag x [m] des elastischen Körpers in einem durch nachstehende Formeln (3) und (4) angegebenen Bereich x_{min} bis x_{max} ist, und
das Gas einen Impuls hat, der einen Impuls des Kühlwassers (W) übertrifft.
k
<
P
max
−
P
min
S
N
/
x
r
P
min
=
ρ
W
Vmax
2
/
2
x
min
=
P
min
S
N
/
k
x
max
=
P
max
S
N
/
k
2. Oberflächenfolgendes System nach Anspruch 1, ferner aufweisend:
einen Durchflussmesser (50), der dem Rohr bereitgestellt ist, das mit der Düse (28) verbunden ist und konfiguriert ist, der Düse (28) das Gas zuzuführen; und
ein Gasmanometer (52), das konfiguriert ist, einen Druck in einem Inneren der Düse (28) zu messen.
3. Oberflächenfolgendes System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der elastische Körper (42) ein Balg ist.
4. Oberflächenfolgendes System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Düse (28) eine Innendüse (34) und eine koaxial mit der Innendüse (34) bereitgestellte Außendüse (36) aufweist, und wobei durch einen Druck des zu injizierenden Gases die Innendüse bezüglich der Außendüse vorsteht.
5. Oberflächenfolgendes System nach Anspruch 4, wobei ein Material für die Innendüse ein Phenolharz, einen Festschmierstoff und Verstärkungsfaser enthält.
6. Oberflächenfolgendes System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die oberflächenfolgende Düse (22) eine ebene Oberfläche (29) aufweist, die an dem spitzen Ende der Düse (28) parallel zu einer Richtung ist, die orthogonal zur axialen Richtung ist, und das spitze Ende der Düse (28) einen Außendurchmesser hat, der das Zweifache bis Vierfache eines Innendurchmessers ist.
7. Oberflächenfolgendes System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei ein Hohlraum der Düse (28) sich zum spitzen Ende hin verjüngt.
8. Oberflächenfolgendes System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei der Separationsteil (32) ein optisches Fenster (48) aufweist.
9. Beobachtungssystem für eine sich bewegende Objektoberfläche, aufweisend:
das oberflächenfolgende System nach Anspruch 8;
eine Umgebungsbox (24), die an einer Rückseite der oberflächenfolgenden Düse (22) bereitgestellt ist, und
einen optischen Beobachtungsteil (26), der im Inneren der Umgebungsbox untergebracht ist, wobei
ein optischer Beobachtungspfad von dem optischen Beobachtungsteil über das spitze Ende der Düse (28) bereitgestellt ist.
10. Beobachtungsverfahren für eine sich bewegende Objektoberfläche, aufweisend:
Überwachen eines sich bewegenden Objekts (14) unter Verwendung des Beobachtungssystems für das sich bewegende Objekt nach Anspruch 9; und
Bestimmen eines Zeitpunkts für ein Auswechseln des sich bewegenden Objekts (14) oder Steuern einer Verwendungsbedingung des sich bewegenden Objekts (14).
11. Beobachtungsverfahren für eine sich bewegende Objektoberfläche nach Anspruch 10, wobei, wenn
d [m] eine Bohrung der Düse (28) ist,
ρ_A [kg/m^3] eine Dichte des Gases ist,
ρ_W [kg/m^3] eine Dichte des Kühlwassers (W) ist,
V [m/s] eine Geschwindigkeit des sich bewegenden Objekts (14) ist,
Q [m^3/s] eine Durchflussrate des auszustoßenden Gases ist, und
G [m] ein Spalt zwischen der Oberfläche des sich bewegenden Objekts (14) und dem spitzen Ende der Düse (28) ist,
nachstehende Formel (5) erfüllt ist.
ρ
A
/
ρ
W
1
/
2
Q
/
π
dV
>
G
12. Beobachtungsverfahren für eine sich bewegende Objektoberfläche nach Anspruch 11, wobei auf Basis einer Durchflussrate des Gases, das durch das Rohr strömt, durch das der Düse (28) das Gas zugeführt wird, und eines Düsenrückdrucks ein Vorschubbetrag des elastischen Körpers (42) und/oder eine Größe des Spalts zwischen dem spitzen Ende der Düse (28) und der Oberfläche des sich bewegenden Objekts (14) geschätzt wird.
1. Système de suivi de surface comprenant :
une partie de fourniture d'eau de refroidissement (16) configurée pour fournir de l'eau de refroidissement (W) à une surface d'un objet en mouvement (14) ;
un dispositif de fourniture de gaz ; et
une buse de suivi de surface (22) connectée au dispositif de fourniture de gaz via un tuyau et configurée pour injecter le gaz fourni par le dispositif de fourniture de gaz vers la surface de l'objet en mouvement (14), la buse de suivi de surface (22) comprenant :
une buse (28) configurée pour injecter le gaz depuis une extrémité en pointe de celle-ci ;
une partie de séparation (32) configurée pour fermer une extrémité de base de la buse (28) ; et
une partie d'extension et de contraction (30) qui est disposée au niveau d'un côté arrière de la buse (28) via la partie de séparation (32), et configurée pour s'étendre et se contracter le long d'une direction axiale de la buse (28),
dans lequel
la partie d'extension et de contraction (30) comprend un corps élastique (42) configuré pour appliquer une force vers l'avant par rapport à la buse (28) via la partie de séparation (32),
la buse de suivi de surface (22) est configurée pour suivre des changements de forme et des changements de distance de l'objet en mouvement (14) par l'équilibre entre une force vers l'arrière dans la partie de séparation (32) qui est générée par une pression dans l'intérieur de la buse (28) et la force vers l'avant qui est générée par le corps élastique (42),
le système étant configuré de façon que
lorsque la constante de rappel du corps élastique (42) est établie comme étant k [N/m], la quantité de changement de distance suivie nécessaire est établie comme étant x_r [m], la pression maximale du gaz qui peut être fourni est établie comme étant P_{max} [Pa], la pression minimale de gaz admissible est établie comme étant P_{min} [Pa], la superficie de décharge de buse est établie comme étant S_N [m^2], la vitesse maximale de l'eau de refroidissement (W) au voisinage de l'extrémité en pointe de la buse (28) est établie comme étant V_{max}, et la masse volumique de l'eau de refroidissement (W) est établie comme étant ρ_W [kg/m^3], la constante de rappel k du corps élastique (42) satisfasse aux formules (1) et (2) qui suivent,
la quantité de contraction x [m] du corps élastique soit située dans la plage allant de x_{min} et x_{max} indiquées par les formules (3) et (4) qui suivent, et
le gaz ait une quantité de mouvement dépassant la quantité de mouvement de l'eau de refroidissement (W).
k
<
P
max
−
P
min
S
N
/
x
r
P
min
=
ρ
W
V
max
2
/
2
x
min
=
P
min
S
N
/
k
x
max
=
P
max
S
N
/
k
2. Système de suivi de surface selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre :
un débitmètre (50) disposé sur le tuyau, qui est connecté à la buse (28) et configuré pour fournir le gaz à la buse (28) ; et
un manomètre (52) configuré pour mesurer la pression à l'intérieur de la buse (28).
3. Système de suivi de surface selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le corps élastique (42) est un soufflet.
4. Système de suivi de surface selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel la buse (28) comprend une buse intérieure (34) et une buse extérieure (36) disposée coaxialement à la buse intérieure (34) et, du fait de la pression du gaz devant être injecté, la buse intérieure fait saillie par rapport à la buse extérieure.
5. Système de suivi de surface selon la revendication 4, dans lequel un matériau pour la buse intérieure contient une résine phénolique, un lubrifiant solide, et une fibre de renforcement.
6. Système de suivi de surface selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel la buse de suivi de surface (22) comprend une surface plate (29) qui est parallèle à une direction orthogonale à la direction axiale au niveau de l'extrémité en pointe de la buse (28), et l'extrémité en pointe de la buse (28) a un diamètre extérieur double à quadruple du diamètre intérieur.
7. Système de suivi de surface selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel une cavité de la buse (28) est effilée en direction de l'extrémité en pointe.
8. Système de suivi de surface selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel la partie de séparation (32) comprend une fenêtre optique (48).
9. Système d'observation pour une surface d'un objet en mouvement, comprenant :
le système de suivi de surface selon la revendication 8 ;
une boîte environnementale (24) disposée au niveau d'un côté arrière de la buse de suivi de surface (22) ; et
une partie d'observation optique (26) logée à l'intérieur de la boîte environnementale,
dans lequel un trajet optique d'observation est disposé à partir de la partie d'observation optique au-dessus de l'extrémité en pointe de la buse (28).
10. Procédé d'observation pour une surface d'un objet en mouvement, comprenant :
la surveillance d'un objet en mouvement (14), utilisant le système d'observation pour une surface d'un objet en mouvement selon la revendication 9 ; et
la détermination d'un temps pour remplacer l'objet en mouvement (14) ou contrôler une condition d'utilisation de l'objet en mouvement (14).
11. Procédé d'observation pour une surface d'un objet en mouvement selon la revendication 10, dans lequel, quand le trou de la buse (28) est établi comme étant d [m], la masse volumique du gaz est établie comme étant ρ_A [kg/m^3], la masse volumique de l'eau de refroidissement (W) est établie comme étant ρ_W [kg/m^3], la vitesse de l'objet en mouvement (14) est établie comme étant V [m/s], le débit du gaz devant être éjecté est établi comme étant Q [m^3/s], et l'espace entre la surface de l'objet en mouvement (14) et l'extrémité en pointe de la buse (28) est établie comme étant G [m], la formule (5) qui suit est satisfaite.
ρ
A
/
ρ
W
1
/
2
Q
/
π
dV
>
G
12. Procédé d'observation pour une surface d'un objet en mouvement selon la revendication 11, dans lequel, sur la base du débit du gaz circulant à travers le tuyau par l'intermédiaire duquel le gaz est fourni à la buse (28) et de la contre-pression de la buse, au moins l'une ou l'autre parmi la quantité à enfoncer du corps élastique (42) et la taille de l'espace entre l'extrémité en pointe de la buse (28) et la surface de l'objet en mouvement (14) est estimée.

REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION
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